1
|
Saby JN, Mulcahey PJ, Zavez AE, Peters SU, Standridge SM, Swanson LC, Lieberman DN, Olson HE, Key AP, Percy AK, Neul JL, Nelson CA, Roberts TPL, Benke TA, Marsh ED. Electrophysiological biomarkers of brain function in CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac197. [PMID: 35974796 PMCID: PMC9374482 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a debilitating developmental and epileptic encephalopathy for which no targeted treatment exists. A number of promising therapeutics are under development for CDKL5 deficiency disorder but a lack of validated biomarkers of brain function and clinical severity may limit the ability to objectively assess the efficacy of new treatments as they become available. To address this need, the current study quantified electrophysiological measures in individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder and the association between these parameters and clinical severity. Visual and auditory evoked potentials, as well as resting EEG, were acquired across 5 clinical sites from 26 individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Evoked potential and quantitative EEG features were calculated and compared with typically developing individuals in an age- and sex-matched cohort. Baseline and Year 1 data, when available, were analysed and the repeatability of the results was tested. Two clinician-completed severity scales were used for evaluating the clinical relevance of the electrophysiological parameters. Group-level comparisons revealed reduced visual evoked potential amplitude in CDKL5 deficiency disorder individuals versus typically developing individuals. There were no group differences in the latency of the visual evoked potentials or in the latency or amplitude of the auditory evoked potentials. Within the CDKL5 deficiency disorder group, auditory evoked potential amplitude correlated with disease severity at baseline as well as Year 1. Multiple quantitative EEG features differed between CDKL5 deficiency disorder and typically developing participants, including amplitude standard deviation, 1/f slope and global delta, theta, alpha and beta power. Several quantitative EEG features correlated with clinical severity, including amplitude skewness, theta/delta ratio and alpha/delta ratio. The theta/delta ratio was the overall strongest predictor of severity and also among the most repeatable qEEG measures from baseline to Year 1. Together, the present findings point to the utility of evoked potentials and quantitative EEG parameters as objective measures of brain function and disease severity in future clinical trials for CDKL5 deficiency disorder. The results also underscore the utility of the current methods, which could be similarly applied to the identification and validation of electrophysiological biomarkers of brain function for other developmental encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexis E Zavez
- Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarika U Peters
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shannon M Standridge
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neurology and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lindsay C Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David N Lieberman
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heather E Olson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan K Percy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Neul
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Division of Radiology Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy A Benke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Correspondence to: Eric D. Marsh, MD Division of Child Neurology Abramson Research Building, Room 502E 3615 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A novel system for measuring visual potentials evoked by passive head-mounted display stimulators. Doc Ophthalmol 2021; 144:125-135. [PMID: 34661850 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-021-09856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this work is to evaluate the performances of a novel integrated device, based on passive head-mounted display (HMD), for the pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP) clinical test. METHODS Google Cardboard® is used as passive HMD to generate the checkerboard pattern stimuli through an Android® application. Electroencephalographic signals are retrieved and processed over 20 subjects, 12 females and 8 males between 20 and 26 years. Morphological PR-VEPs and frequency response were compared with previous literature results, to test the reproducibility and the efficacy of the proposed solution. RESULTS PR-VEPs evoked by our novel prototype showed typical triphasic waveforms in moderate agreement with those obtained with other more expensive HMDs and standard commercial devices. Statistical analysis did not highlight strong differences among the systems over the features analyzed except for the P100 amplitude and peak time (**p < 0.005). CONCLUSION The proposed solution opens the door for a new generation of non-invasive first-level diagnostic devices of optic nerve pathologies inexpensive and easy to access.
Collapse
|
3
|
Daneshvarfard F, Maarefi N, Abrishami Moghaddam H, Wallois F. A survey on stimuli for visual cortical function assessment in infants. Brain Dev 2018; 40:2-15. [PMID: 28803681 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual processing, as a significant and complex functionality of the human brain, changes during the life span with the most developmental changes in the infancy. Different types of visual stimuli are needed for evaluating different functionalities of the infants' visual system. Selecting appropriate visual stimuli is an important issue in evaluating visual cortical functions in infants. Properties of stimulation influence responses of visual system and must be adjusted according to the age and specific function which is going to be investigated. In this review, the most commonly used stimuli to elicit visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are evaluated and characteristics of VEPs extracted by these stimulations are studied. Furthermore, various studies investigating different functionalities such as selectivity for orientation and directional motion are presented. Valuable results regarding emerging and maturation times of different functions and normative data for clinical diagnosis are provided by these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farveh Daneshvarfard
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Inserm UMR 1105, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Nasrin Maarefi
- Faculty of Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Abrishami Moghaddam
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Inserm UMR 1105, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Inserm UMR 1105, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Inserm UMR 1105, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Development and Aging of the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Visual Pathways as Indicated by VEP Recordings between 5 and 84 Years of Age. Vision (Basel) 2016; 1:vision1010007. [PMID: 31740632 PMCID: PMC6849023 DOI: 10.3390/vision1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are age-sensitive. Through the use of this technique, it is possible to assess both of the major visual pathways (i.e., the magnocellular and parvocellular ones) in terms of function and development. What developmental path these pathways follow, and if they develop/age in parallel across the human lifespan is a matter of ongoing debate, yet, only a few VEP studies have dealt with this issue. This cross-sectional study examined a sample of 115 healthy volunteers aged 5 to 84 years. Beyond the standard checkerboard pattern reversal stimulation at 97% contrast, we recorded pattern-reversal VEPs at 6% contrast to selectively stimulate the M pathway and isoluminant red and green checkerboard stimulation was also used to selectively stimulate the P pathway. Our results do not support the developmental advantage of any of the pathways. The development of both pathways appear to take a remarkably long time (well into the 30s), and the signs of aging become marked over 50 years of age, especially in the case of the magnocellular pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Birtles D, Wattam-Bell J, Atkinson J, Braddick O. Orientation-reversal VEP: comparison of phase and peak latencies in adults and infants. Vision Res 2012; 63:50-7. [PMID: 22575338 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peak latency of pattern-reversal (PR)-VEP has been found to develop rapidly, reaching the adult level around 15 weeks of age. However, the development of orientation-reversal (OR)-VEP, reflecting the specific spatial organization of cortical receptive fields, still remains unknown. OR-VEP was tested in 81 adults at 1-12 reversals/sec (r/s) and 94 infants (age 4-79 weeks) at 2-8r/s. OR data at 4r/s from an additional 123 infants (age 4.0-20.3 weeks) studied previously were also analyzed. In addition to peak transient latencies at 1-4r/s, latency values derived from the gradient of phase against temporal frequency in steady-state recording were also calculated. For both adults and infants, no significant latency differences in the initial positive peaks were found among the low reversal rates. The calculated latency was statistically longer than the transient latency in both groups. While the transient latency asymptoted to adult value of 102 ms at around 50 weeks of age, the calculated latency, unlike that for PR-VEP, showed little variation across the age span. The data suggest a dominant effect of transmission delay on the initial peak in infancy, which reduces with age. However, the overall timing of the cortical response to orientation change remains slower than for pattern reversal in the fully developed visual cortex. Upon reaching maturity, the latencies of the initial positive peak in both pattern and orientation VEPs may arise from the same level of cortical processing in V1, but the overall time course reflected in the steady-state phase continues to show a much more prolonged response to orientation change than the transmission delay seen in the transient VEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Visual Development Unit, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuba M, Kremláček J, Langrová J, Kubová Z, Szanyi J, Vít F. Aging effect in pattern, motion and cognitive visual evoked potentials. Vision Res 2012; 62:9-16. [PMID: 22503557 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrophysiological study on the effect of aging on the visual pathway and various levels of visual information processing (primary cortex, associate visual motion processing cortex and cognitive cortical areas) was performed. We examined visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern-reversal, motion-onset (translation and radial motion) and visual stimuli with a cognitive task (cognitive VEPs - P300 wave) at luminance of 17 cd/m(2). The most significant age-related change in a group of 150 healthy volunteers (15-85 years of age) was the increase in the P300 wave latency (2 ms per 1 year of age). Delays of the motion-onset VEPs (0.47 ms/year in translation and 0.46 ms/year in radial motion) and the pattern-reversal VEPs (0.26 ms/year) and the reductions of their amplitudes with increasing subject age (primarily in P300) were also found to be significant. The amplitude of the motion-onset VEPs to radial motion remained the most constant parameter with increasing age. Age-related changes were stronger in males. Our results indicate that cognitive VEPs, despite larger variability of their parameters, could be a useful criterion for an objective evaluation of the aging processes within the CNS. Possible differences in aging between the motion-processing system and the form-processing system within the visual pathway might be indicated by the more pronounced delay in the motion-onset VEPs and by their preserved size for radial motion (a biologically significant variant of motion) compared to the changes in pattern-reversal VEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kuba
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Dept. of Pathophysiology, Electrophysiological Laboratory, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Furushima W, Inagaki M, Gunji A, Inoue Y, Kaga M, Mizutani S. Early signs of visual perception and evoked potentials in radiologically asymptomatic boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. J Child Neurol 2009; 24:927-35. [PMID: 19289696 DOI: 10.1177/0883073808331354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the electrophysiological and psychological signs at a very early stage in asymptomatic boys with childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Flash visual evoked potentials, pattern reversal, and visual event-related potentials were recorded in 6 radiologically asymptomatic boys with adrenoleukodystrophy and 22 control boys. The latency and amplitude of P100 of visual evoked potentials and P1 of event-related potentials were evaluated. Though all patients had normal intelligence quotient, performance intelligence quotient was significantly lower than verbal intelligence quotient in 2 patients. Both P100 and P1 amplitudes were significantly greater in adrenoleukodystrophy than in controls. The difference between performance intelligence quotient and verbal intelligence quotient exhibited significant correlation with P100 amplitude. Enlargement of visual evoked potentials might be a sign of cerebral involvement preceding the appearance of abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up of asymptomatic boys with both electrophysiological and neuropsychological tests may serve as an aid for deciding the timing of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Furushima
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stephen JM, Ranken DF, Aine CJ. Frequency-Following and Connectivity of Different Visual Areas in Response to Contrast-Reversal Stimulation. Brain Topogr 2006; 18:257-72. [PMID: 16845594 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-006-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of visual areas to different temporal frequencies, as well as the functional connections between these areas, was examined using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Alternating circular sinusoids (0, 3.1, 8.7 and 14 Hz) were presented to foveal and peripheral locations in the visual field to target ventral and dorsal stream structures, respectively. It was hypothesized that higher temporal frequencies would preferentially activate dorsal stream structures. To determine the effect of frequency on the cortical response we analyzed the late time interval (220-770 ms) using a multi-dipole spatio-temporal analysis approach to provide source locations and timecourses for each condition. As an exploratory aspect, we performed cross-correlation analysis on the source timecourses to determine which sources responded similarly within conditions. Contrary to predictions, dorsal stream areas were not activated more frequently during high temporal frequency stimulation. However, across cortical sources the frequency-following response showed a difference, with significantly higher power at the second harmonic for the 3.1 and 8.7 Hz stimulation and at the first and second harmonics for the 14 Hz stimulation with this pattern seen robustly in area V1. Cross-correlations of the source timecourses showed that both low- and high-order visual areas, including dorsal and ventral stream areas, were significantly correlated in the late time interval. The results imply that frequency information is transferred to higher-order visual areas without translation. Despite the less complex waveforms seen in the late interval of time, the cross-correlation results show that visual, temporal and parietal cortical areas are intricately involved in late-interval visual processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Stephen
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Langrová J, Kuba M, Kremlácek J, Kubová Z, Vít F. Motion-onset VEPs reflect long maturation and early aging of visual motion-processing system. Vision Res 2006; 46:536-44. [PMID: 16083936 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pattern-reversal and motion-onset visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were simultaneously tested in a group of 70 healthy subjects between the ages of 6-60 years to verify suspected differences in maturation and aging dynamics of the pattern and motion processing subsystems of the visual pathway. The motion-onset VEPs displayed dramatic configuration development and shortening of latencies up to 18 years of age (correl. coeff. -0.85; p < 0.001) and systematic prolongation from about 20 years of age (correl. coeff. 0.70; p < 0.001). This confirms long-lasting maturation of the magnocellular system and/or motion processing cortex and their early age related changes. Less significant changes of pattern-reversal VEPs in the tested age range can be interpreted as a sign of early maturation of the parvocellular system and its enhanced functional endurance in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Langrová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Charles University-Faculty of Medicine, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Birca A, Carmant L, Lortie A, Lassonde M. Interaction between the flash evoked SSVEPs and the spontaneous EEG activity in children and adults. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:279-88. [PMID: 16376144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction between the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) recorded during the intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) and the spontaneous EEG activities both in children and adults. METHODS EEG was recorded during the rest and under 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 Hz IPS in 41 children between 3 and 16 years and 10 adults. We distinguished between the spontaneous resting EEG spectra, SSVEPs (1st harmonic) and undriven (ongoing) EEG spectra recorded during the IPS. RESULTS We show that IPS influences spontaneous EEG activity by specifically suppressing or desynchronizing individual posterior dominant resting EEG frequencies (DF) in both children and adults. Further, this highly significant and consistent suppressing effect positively correlates with the SSVEPs amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the desynchronization of the spontaneous EEG activity under IPS and the SSVEPs are related to each other. SIGNIFICANCE These relationships could be interesting to study in pathological conditions where the neural synchronization and the responses to IPS have been shown to be affected, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Birca
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brecelj J, Strucl M, Zidar I, Tekavcic-Pompe M. Pattern ERG and VEP maturation in schoolchildren. Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113:1764-70. [PMID: 12417229 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maturation of the visual system has been studied with pattern electroretinograms (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) mostly in children under the age of 6 years. To address the question of maturation of the visual system in childhood and adolescence we investigated age-dependent PERG and PVEP changes in children aged 7-18 years. METHODS PERG were recorded with skin electrodes attached to the lower eyelid, and PVEP were recorded with 5 electrodes. Visual stimuli, consisting of pattern-reversal 50' checks to full-field and to half-field stimulation, were applied to obtain macular (N70, P100, N145) and paramacular waves (P80, N105, N135). RESULTS We found an age-dependent decrease (linear regression P<0.05) of PERG P50 amplitude and full-field PVEP P100 latency to monocular right and left eye stimulation, indicating central retinal and postretinal changes. In addition, waveform changes were found in responses to half-field stimulation. The paramacular wave N105 was typically enhanced in younger schoolchildren and diminished with age. The age-dependent decrease (linear regression P<0.01) of paramacular N105 amplitude indicated the increasing predominance of the macular structures of the visual system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that central retinal and postretinal electrophysiological maturation persists throughout childhood. Age-dependent PVEP changes seem to correlate with the morphological and metabolic findings that maturation of the visual cortex continues until puberty and even later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelka Brecelj
- Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre, Zaloska c. 29a, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hoffmann K, Leistritz L, Feucht M, Benninger F, Reiter D, Witte H. Identification of the stimulated hemiretina in primary school children and adults based on left and right hemifield pattern reversal visual evoked potentials--a comparative study. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:359-68. [PMID: 11165542 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The analysis of left and right hemifield pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in children and the identification of the stimulated hemiretina testing different identification procedures previously applied to adults. METHODS Lateral hemifield PVEPs were recorded in 40 children (6-11 years) and 27 adults (25-40 years) from, at least, 19 standard electrodes. Two procedures were tested for the determination of the stimulated hemifield: firstly, the evaluation of the values of instantaneous frequency at the occipital electrodes at P100 latency (determined by the global field power), and secondly, the application of a generalised dynamic neural network (GDNN) using the PVEP time course at selected electrode positions as the external input. RESULTS P100 latency as well as P100 amplitude over the contralateral occiput in children were significantly greater than in adults. Contrary to the behaviour in adults, instantaneous frequency is not a robust identifier of left and right hemiretina stimulation in children. The best identification performances were achieved when using group trained GDNNs with the bipolar difference signals of electrodes P3/P4 or T5/T6 as the external input. CONCLUSIONS The PVEPs at electrodes P3/P4 and T5/T6 contain essential information for the determination of the stimulated hemifield. This should be further considered during the development of on-line procedures for automatic PVEP detection in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|