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Badami E, Busà R, Douradinha B, Russelli G, Miceli V, Gallo A, Zito G, Conaldi PG, Iannolo G. Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis C virus infection and miRNA involvement: Perspectives for new therapeutic approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2417-2428. [PMID: 35979260 PMCID: PMC9258280 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i22.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the principal etiology of cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with HCV, and 10%–20% of these are expected to develop severe liver complications throughout their lifetime. Scientific evidence has clearly shown the causal association between miRNAs, HCV infection and HCC. Although it is not completely clear whether miRNA dysregulation in HCC is the cause or the consequence of its development, variations in miRNA patterns have been described in different liver diseases, including HCC. Many studies have analyzed the importance of circulating miRNAs and their effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this Review, we aim to summarize current knowledge on the association between miRNA, HCV and HCC from a diagnostic point of view, and also the potential implications for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Badami
- Regenerative Medicine and Immunotherapy Area, Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Regenerative Medicine and Immunotherapy Area, Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giovanna Russelli
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo 90127, Italy
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Moretti R, Giuffrè M, Merli N, Caruso P, Di Bella S, Tiribelli C, Crocè LS. Hepatitis C Virus-Related Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1569. [PMID: 34942871 PMCID: PMC8699483 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), despite being a hepatotropic virus, is the causative agent of many systemic disorders, such as vasculitis, autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Although symptoms have been misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, only recently, evidence of direct (inflammatory) or indirect (immune-mediated) HCV-dependent cerebral effects has been established. HCV infection can promote acute inflammatory response, pro-coagulative status and ischemic disorders, and neurodegeneration. These effects rely on cerebral HCV replication, possibly mediated by blood-brain barrier alterations. Further study is needed to better understand the HCV-related mechanisms of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Department Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.); (S.D.B.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Department Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.); (S.D.B.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Nicola Merli
- Department Neurological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paola Caruso
- Department Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.); (S.D.B.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Department Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.); (S.D.B.); (L.S.C.)
| | | | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Department Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.); (S.D.B.); (L.S.C.)
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Impact of IL10, MTP, SOD2, and APOE Gene Polymorphisms on the Severity of Liver Fibrosis Induced by HCV Genotype 4. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040714. [PMID: 33924242 PMCID: PMC8074775 DOI: 10.3390/v13040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection cause ~400,000 deaths worldwide annually. One complication, liver fibrosis, is influenced by host genetic factors. Genes influencing fibrosis include immune, metabolic, oxidative stress, and viral entry genes, such as interleukin 10 (IL10), microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein (MTP), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-encoding genes, respectively. Thus, correlating variations in these genes with HCV-induced fibrosis represents an attractive biomarker for the prognosis of fibrosis severity in chronically infected patients. Here, we aimed to test whether polymorphisms in IL10, MTP, SOD2, and APOE genes correlated with the severity of fibrosis induced by HCV genotype 4 (HCV-gt4) in a cohort of chronically infected Egyptian patients. Our results demonstrate a significant association between the severity of fibrosis and specific SNPs in IL-10, SOD2, and ApoE-encoding genes. Haplotype-combination analysis for IL10, MTP, SOD2, and APOE showed statistically significant associations between specific haplotype combinations and fibrosis severity. Identifying biomarkers correlating with the severity of HCV-gt4-induced fibrosis would significantly impact precision prophylaxis and treatment of patients at risk.
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Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Korra YH, Osman AA, El-Kholy WM, Reyes-Córdova M, Saied EM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Fungal Lipases: Insights into Molecular Structures and Biotechnological Applications in Medicine and Dairy Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Overview of Immobilized Enzymes' Applications in Pharmaceutical, Chemical, and Food Industry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:27-63. [PMID: 31939114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of immobilized enzymes in industry is becoming a routine process for the manufacture of many key compounds in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industry. Some enzymes like lipases are naturally robust and efficient, can be used for the production of many different molecules, and have found broad industrial applications. Some more specific enzymes, like transaminases, have required protein engineering to become suitable for applications in industrial manufacture. For all enzymes, the possibility to be immobilized and used in a heterogeneous form brings important industrial and environmental advantages such as simplified downstream processing or continuous process operations. Here, we present a series of large-scale applications of immobilized enzymes with benefits for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and medical device industries, some of them hardly reported before.
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Attallah AM, El-Far M, Zahran F, Shiha GE, Farid K, Omran MM, Abdelrazek MA, Attallah AA, El-Beh AA, El-Hosiny RM, El-Waseef AM. Interferon-gamma is associated with hepatic dysfunction in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 37:597-610. [PMID: 27093468 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1179646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The relation between interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels and the severity of liver diseases through fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully clarified. Thus, we aimed to characterize IFN-γ levels in liver-diseased patients. IFN-γ levels were determined by Western-blot and ELISA in sera from 30 healthy individuals, 53 patients with non-significant fibrosis (F0-F1), 47 with moderate/severe fibrosis (F2-F3), 44 cirrhotic patients (F4), and 50 with HCC. Enhanced levels of IFN-γ were associated with the progression of liver disease. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) when patients with F2-F3, F4, or HCC were compared with F0-F1 or healthy controls. The increase in IFN-γ was associated with HCC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant association between IFN-γ levels and HCV-RNA (IU/ml) (r = 0.1, P = 0.43) or HCV-NS4 (µg/mL) (r = 0.1, P = 0.17). There was significant (P < 0.0001) association between IFN-γ levels and the fibrosis stages and activity, albumin, platelet count, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR). In conclusion, elevated concentrations of IFN-γ represent a characteristic feature of liver disease severity regardless of underlying disease. Significant correlations with indices of hepatic dysfunction suggest that enhanced IFN-γ levels represent a consequence of liver dysfunction rather than of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah M Attallah
- a Research and Development Department , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Faten Zahran
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Gamal E Shiha
- d Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Khaled Farid
- e Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Omran
- f Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelrazek
- a Research and Development Department , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Attallah
- a Research and Development Department , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Beh
- a Research and Development Department , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Radwa M El-Hosiny
- a Research and Development Department , Biotechnology Research Center , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Waseef
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Obada M, El-Fert A, Hashim MS, Obada M, Ehsan N, Alhadad O, El-Said H. Impact of genetic polymorphisms of four cytokine genes on treatment induced viral clearance in HCV infected Egyptian patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Diatta T, Chavade D, Degos F, d'Andon A, Guillevin L. [Hepatitis C infection: Therapeutic strategies]. Presse Med 2016; 45:495-508. [PMID: 27006245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new direct acting antivirals has significantly modified strategies to treat chronic hepatitis C. Treatments were previously made of an interferon-based combination. This article aims to review the direct acting antivirals clinical data and to discuss the new regimens for the management of chronic hepatitis C. Direct acting antivirals combinations - with or without ribavirin - are the new chronic hepatitis C standard treatment regimen. These combinations often result in sustained viral response rate (>90%, including in patients with uncomplicated cirrhosis) after a 12-week treatment for most patients. The innovation could represent a new era for patients with unmet medical need (especially ineligible or non-responders to interferon and/or ribavirin patients). Further investigations are required to confirm the efficacy in specific population (complicated cirrhosis, pre- or post-transplantation, chronic renal failure, comorbidities, etc.) where clinical data are still limited. Other treatments are currently being developed and might lead to new perspectives, especially in terms of treatment duration or therapeutic simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Diatta
- Haute Autorité de santé, service évaluation du médicament, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine cedex, France.
| | - Delphine Chavade
- Haute Autorité de santé, service évaluation du médicament, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine cedex, France
| | - Françoise Degos
- Haute Autorité de santé, service évaluation du médicament, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine cedex, France
| | - Anne d'Andon
- Haute Autorité de santé, service évaluation du médicament, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine cedex, France
| | - Loïc Guillevin
- Haute Autorité de santé, service évaluation du médicament, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine cedex, France
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Lasfar A, Zloza A, Cohen-Solal KA. IFN-lambda therapy: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:167-171. [PMID: 26552337 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ), the most recently described type III IFN, plays a crucial part by acting on specific cell types, controlling viral infections and establishing robust innate immunity against cancer. In contrast to IFN-α or IFN-γ, IFN-λ has a restricted cell response pattern, which could make this new IFN a better choice for disease targeting and reducing adverse events. Although IFN-λ is considered to have pivotal roles in cancer, viral infections and autoimmune diseases, clinical trials have only been conducted for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. In this review, we discuss the current and the potential clinical applications of IFN-λ in the context of current IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Bansal R, Frelin L, Brenndörfer ED, Storm G, Prakash J, Sällberg M. Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural 3/4A Protein Dampens Inflammation and Contributes to Slow Fibrosis Progression during Chronic Fibrosis In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128466. [PMID: 26030283 PMCID: PMC4450868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV infection typically induces liver injury and inflammation, which appears to be responsible for the associated fibrogenesis. To date, the mechanism underlying the different rates of disease progression remains unclear. The aim of the study is to understand the possible role of the HCV non-structural (NS) 3/4A protein in the fibrosis progression. We used NS3/4A-expressing transgenic mice (NS3/4A-Tg) to accomplish the goals of the study. Different stages of liver fibrosis were induced in wild-type and NS3/4A-Tg mice by single carbon tetrachloride (acute) or multiple injections for 4 (intermediate) or 8 (chronic) weeks. Fibrotic parameters, inflammatory responses and hepatocyte turnover were extensively examined. Hepatic expression of HCV NS3/4A did not induce spontaneous liver damage. However, NS3/4A expression exerted contrasting effects during acute and chronic liver damage. During early fibrogenesis and intermediate fibrosis (4 weeks), NS3/4A-Tg mice exhibited enhanced liver damage whereas reduced fibrosis was observed in NS3/4A-Tg during chronic liver fibrosis (8 weeks). Furthermore, attenuated inflammation was observed in NS3/4A-Tg during chronic fibrosis with increase in M2 macrophages, hepatocyte proliferation, decreased hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased ductular reaction. In conclusion, during early fibrogenesis, HCV NS3/4A contributes to liver damage. While, during chronic liver fibrosis, NS3/4A dampens inflammation and induces hepatocyte regeneration thereby contributing to slow fibrosis progression to promote its survival or persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Frelin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwin Daniel Brenndörfer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Storm
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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da Silva NMO, Germano FN, Vidales-Braz BM, Carmo Zanella RD, dos Santos DM, Lobato R, de Martinez AMB. Polymorphisms of IL-10 gene in patients infected with HCV under antiviral treatment in southern Brazil. Cytokine 2015; 73:253-7. [PMID: 25797191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Gene polymorphisms of IL-10 have been associated with the different expression levels of this cytokine. In hepatitis C virus infection, IL-10 appears to interfere with the progression of disease, viral persistence and the response to therapy. This study investigated genetic variability in the IL-10 gene promoter between patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and healthy individuals, associating the frequency of polymorphisms with different aspects of viral infection. This is a case-control study with 260 patients who were infected with HCV and 260 healthy individuals. Genotyping of the polymorphisms was performed using the technique of amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) for regions of the IL-10 gene promoter (-1082 G/A, -819 C/T, -592 C/A). The frequencies of alleles and genotypes related to polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter showed a higher frequency of the G allele and genotype GG in the -1082 region between the infected group and the control group (p=0.005 and p=0.001, respectively), whereas the AA genotype was significantly more frequent in the control group. The frequencies of the haplotypes GTA and GCC were higher in the group of infected individuals, whereas the haplotype ATA was more frequent in the healthy group (p<0.006). It was also observed that the genotypes GG and AG in the region -1082 were significantly more frequent among patients infected with HCV who were in advanced stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis (p=0.042). No association was observed between polymorphisms of IL-10 and sustained virologic response (SVR).
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Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication from pomegranate. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5411. [PMID: 24958333 PMCID: PMC4067622 DOI: 10.1038/srep05411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of end-stage liver disease. Recent advances in the last decade in anti HCV treatment strategies have dramatically increased the viral clearance rate. However, several limitations are still associated, which warrant a great need of novel, safe and selective drugs against HCV infection. Towards this objective, we explored highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitors, the ellagitannins, from the crude extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit peel. The pure compounds, punicalagin, punicalin, and ellagic acid isolated from the extract specifically blocked the HCV NS3/4A protease activity in vitro. Structural analysis using computational approach also showed that ligand molecules interact with the catalytic and substrate binding residues of NS3/4A protease, leading to inhibition of the enzyme activity. Further, punicalagin and punicalin significantly reduced the HCV replication in cell culture system. More importantly, these compounds are well tolerated ex vivo and‘no observed adverse effect level' (NOAEL) was established upto an acute dose of 5000 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. Additionally, pharmacokinetics study showed that the compounds are bioavailable. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept approach for the potential use of antiviral and non-toxic principle ellagitannins from pomegranate in prevention and control of HCV induced complications.
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Mourtzikou A, Alepaki M, Stamouli M, Pouliakis A, Skliris A, Karakitsos P. Evaluation of serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-4 in patients with chronic hepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inmuno.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hu GR, Zheng BX, Liu ZF. Association between TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:239-244. [PMID: 24649103 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene, namely TGFB1, contains several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and some of the polymorphic variants were shown to affect the TGF-β1 protein levels. A number of studies reported the association between 915G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism with susceptibility to chronic HCV infection. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched up to August, 2013 to identify relevant studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in 5 genetic comparison models (C vs. G, CC vs. GG, GC vs. GG, CC vs. GG+GC and CC+GC vs. GG). The Galbraith plot and subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, genotyping methods, sample size and fibrosis were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias were also conducted. Finally, 8 eligible case-control studies on TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism, including a total of 910 cases and 632 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, there was no evidence of any gene-disease association obtained from the subgroup analyses. Therefore, this meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no association between TGFB1 915G/C polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Hu
- Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China ; Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Xia Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China ; Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Youssef SS, Abbas EAER, Mostafa A, el Zanaty T, Seif SM. Association of IL28B polymorphism with fibrosis, liver inflammation, gender respective natural history of hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients with genotype 4. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:22-7. [PMID: 23981065 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphism of interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs12979860 is associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 (G4). However, there is no information on its interaction with gender, moreover its association with intrahepatic inflammation in North Africans is not studied and its association with fibrosis in North Africans (especially Egyptians) is controversial. This study aims to explore the association between the minor allele of the IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism with gender, fibrosis and necroinflammation in Egyptian G4 HCV patients. IL28B rs12979860 was genotyped in 224 individuals, including 100 healthy controls and 124 consecutive patients with chronic HCV. Results showed (1) IL28B rs12979860 minor alleles associated with susceptibity to chronic HCV mainly in men not women, (2) no association between IL28B rs12979860 with fibrosis and necroinflammation activity, (3) the IL28B rs12979860 TT genotype associated with severe fibrosis in women only and with the necroinflammation activity in men using a recessive model. In conclusion, the IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism is not associated with fibrosis and liver inflammation in Egyptian HCV G4. Nonetheless, the TT genotype of IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism affects the natural history of each gender independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Samir Youssef
- 1 Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Center , Cairo, Egypt
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Zimbres FM, Tárnok A, Ulrich H, Wrenger C. Aptamers: novel molecules as diagnostic markers in bacterial and viral infections? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:731516. [PMID: 24083239 PMCID: PMC3780515 DOI: 10.1155/2013/731516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide the entire human population is at risk of infectious diseases of which a high degree is caused by pathogenic protozoans, worms, bacteria, and virus infections. Moreover the current medications against pathogenic agents are losing their efficacy due to increasing and even further spreading drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools against infectious agents. In view of that, the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) represents a powerful technology to target selectively pathogenic factors as well as entire bacteria or viruses. SELEX uses a large combinatorial oligonucleic acid library (DNA or RNA) which is processed a by high-flux in vitro screen of iterative cycles. The selected ligands, termed aptamers, are characterized by high specificity and affinity to their target molecule, which are already exploited in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this minireview we will discuss the current status of the SELEX technique applied on bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia M. Zimbres
- Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Turner SJ, Brown J, Paladino JA. Protease inhibitors for hepatitis C: economic implications. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2013; 31:739-751. [PMID: 23839698 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-013-0073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a blood-borne virus, is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation worldwide. Chronic HCV infection is usually asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, making an estimation of the total population affected difficult to elicit. The gold standard treatment option to date has been a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Recent developments have led to the introduction of two protease inhibitors for use in chronic HCV-boceprevir and telaprevir. Phase III studies have shown both agents have the potential to significantly increase the probability of attaining a sustained virologic response (the primary outcome of interest in chronic HCV) in genotype 1 infections. However, the added cost of these agents also presents the need for decision makers to determine their place on drug formularies. The protease inhibitors are to be administered as triple therapy with the existing gold standard. However, significant variation exists as to the proposed duration of triple therapy, use of lead-in pegylated interferon and ribavirin and subsequent pegylated interferon therapy after finishing the course of triple therapy. Treatment algorithms also exist for the use of stopping rules in the case of early non-responders.The aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of the economic impact protease inhibitors may have on health care systems and considerations required in the treatment of HCV. Economic and health-related quality of life issues are addressed from multiple viewpoints. The major aspects of the economic evaluations, to date, that included triple therapy as an alternative in the treatment of chronic HCV are brought to light. Future economic evaluations in alternative settings would be useful. The review also emphasizes the challenges for future research. This includes the potential for new therapies to no longer require inclusion of pegylated interferon and/or ribavirin, as well as the use of protease inhibitors in non-genotype 1 patients or those with significant co-morbidities such as HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Turner
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 205 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Hanafiah KM, Garcia M, Anderson D. Point-of-care testing and the control of infectious diseases. Biomark Med 2013; 7:333-47. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care tests (POCTs) play an important role in bridging the gap between centralized laboratory diagnostics and peripheral healthcare service providers. Particularly in infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB where early detection is imperative to improve disease outcome, uptake of an accurate test that is simple, rapid and robust can significantly alter the epidemiology and control of the disease. However, a good POCT can only serve its full potential when adopted in a comprehensive programmatic context linking patients to on-site case management. Immunochromatographic lateral flow devices for detection of antibody or antigen currently dominate available POCTs, and development of such devices has relied on the discovery and optimization of definitive biomarkers suitable for such platforms. In the future, however, there will be an increasing need to develop cost-effective POCTs that address biomarkers that are well established in laboratory settings but are not currently amenable to point-of-care, such as molecular tests for drug resistance in TB and viral load in HIV and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct (AMREP) Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Center for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Mary Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - David Anderson
- Center for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct (AMREP) Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Shaker OG, Sadik NAH. Polymorphisms in interleukin-10 and interleukin-28B genes in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 and their effect on the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin-therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:1842-9. [PMID: 23020144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recently, it has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some cytokine genes may influence the production of the associated cytokines that affect the host immune response to pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α) with ribavirin (RBV) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the SNPs of IL-10 and Il-28B and their serum levels in predicting the response to treatment of HCV-4. METHODS Egyptian patients were treated with Peg-IFN-α/RBV. A total of 100 HCV genotype 4-infected patients and 80 healthy control subjects were included in the present study. SNPs in the IL-10 (-592 A/C and -819 T/C) and IL-28B (rs8099917 T/G and rs12979860 C/T) genes and their serum levels were assessed. The IL-10-592-CC, IL-28-rs8099917-TT and IL-28-rs12979860-CC genotypes were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. RESULTS Interestingly, the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly increased; in contrast, the serum levels of Il-28B were significantly decreased in HCV patients compared with normal patients. Polymorphisms in IL-28B are more sensitive (P < 0.001) than those in IL-10-592 (P = 0.03). However, the serum level of IL-10 is higher than that of IL-28, and this difference can serve as a prognostic marker using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that SNPs in IL-28B and the serum levels of Il-10 and IL-28 may be promising predictors for HCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat G Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Swiątek BJ. Is interleukin-10 gene polymorphism a predictive marker in HCV infection? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:47-59. [PMID: 22390924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies between individuals - from spontaneous viral clearance and persistence without complication, to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Also patterns of response to interferon-based anti-HCV therapy are different from person to person. This diversity may be affected by host genetic factors, including alterations in genes encoding cytokines. Interleukin-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and immune response modulator, may influence on HCV infection susceptibility as well as spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV eradication. Moreover, it is stated that IL-10 has antifibrotic properties and play a role in progression of liver disease. This review summarized studies on interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms (mainly promoter SNPs at positions -1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A)), which may determine IL-10 production, regarding susceptibility to HCV infection, course of HCV-related liver disease (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, ALT abnormalities), spontaneous viral elimination as well as hepatitis C treatment outcomes. Analysis of hereby summarized studies shows that it is difficult to unambiguously determine the importance of IL-10 polymorphism as a predictor of clinical outcome of hepatitis C and response to anti-HCV therapy before its beginning. Thus, future larger studies need to address these issues. Continuation of studies on interleukin-10 polymorphisms as well as identification of other candidate predictive markers in HCV infection has important practical implications and there is a chance that may contribute to reduce the scale of hepatitis C problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna J Swiątek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Galván CA, Elbarcha OC, Fernández EJ, Beltramo DM, Soria NW. Distribution of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2B6, histocompatibility complex P5, chemokine coreceptor 5, and interleukin 28B genes in inhabitants from the central area of Argentina. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:130-3. [PMID: 21854194 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The selection of the most appropriate treatment for several diseases relies on a number of factors such as environment, age, gender, and nutrition. Additionally, the contribution of different genetic polymorphisms to treatment efficacy has been largely recognized. The lack of information on the pharmacogenetic profile of our population prompted us to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms known to be relevant to achieve treatment efficacy with different therapeutic agents in viral infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis C and AIDS. RESULTS The allelic frequencies for the wild-type variant of the genes analyzed were cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6; rs3745274; 516G) 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.523, 0.711), chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5; rs333) 0.961 (95% CI: 0.942, 0.98), histocompatibility complex P5 (HCP5; rs2395029; 335T) 0.971 (95% CI: 0.937, 1), and interleukin 28B (IL28B; rs12979860; 12007005C) 0.656 (95% CI: 0.564, 0.747), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the genetic profile of the population studied is similar to that reported for other Caucasian populations, with only slight differences for CYP2B6. Noteworthy, the considerable number of patients carrying CYP2B6 (516T) and IL28B (12007005T) alleles underlies the importance of considering pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy protocols to prevent toxicity and/or lack of effectiveness in AIDS or hepatitis C virus infections.
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Veerasamy R, Hui LS, Ying KH, Reneeraj JS, Rajak H, Kumar S. Prediction of anti-HCV activity of thiourea derivatives: QSAR approach. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus often causes chronic liver disease reducing physical, mental and social functions in these patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was analysis of the quality of life in chronic hepatitis C patients compared to patients with other chronic liver diseases and healthy population, as well as investigation of the influence of socio-demographic factors on the quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS A generic Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire and Chronic Liver Diseases Questionnaire (CLDQ) were used in this prospective study for the investigation of the quality of life in 160 patients (100 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 30 patients with non-viral chronic liver diseases) and 50 healthy controls. RESULTS Reduced quality of life was noted in patients with chronic hepatitis C patients in comparison with healthy controls (p = 0.00). Significant differences in SF-36 were found between patients with chronic hepatitis C and B regarding physical functions, activity, physical pain and emotional functions. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed ages below 50 years as the most important positive variable in chronic hepatitis C patients for total score of the quality of life and physical component score (B = 14.5; SE = 5.16; p = 0.049; and B = 16.4; SE = 5.94; p = 0.003, respectively). The most important positive variable for the mental component of the quality of life was male gender (B = 15.3; SE = 5.81; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Quality of life is reduced in patients with chronic hepatitis C in comparison with healthy population. The quality of life in chronic hepatitis C patients is better than in patients with other non-viral chronic liver diseases. In comparison with patients with chronic hepatitis B, reduction in some domains of the quality of life is noted. Younger age is the most predictable group for the lowest damage of the total quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C patients among other sociodemographic characteristics of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Forsman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
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Development of a multiplex bead-based assay for detection of hepatitis C virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:802-6. [PMID: 21346054 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00265-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major burden to public health worldwide, affecting approximately 3% of the human population. Although HCV detection is currently based on reliable tests, the field of medical diagnostics has a growing need for inexpensive, accurate, and quick high-throughput assays. By using the recombinant HCV antigens NS3, NS4, NS5, and Combined, we describe a new bead-based multiplex test capable of detecting HCV infection in human serum samples. The first analysis, made in a singleplex format, showed that each antigen coupled to an individual bead set presented high-level responses for anti-HCV-positive reference serum pools and lower-level responses for the HCV-negative pools. Our next approach was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each antigen by testing 93 HCV-positive and 93 HCV-negative sera. When assayed in the singleplex format, the NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens presented lower sensitivity values (50.5%, 51.6%, and 55.9%, respectively) than did the Combined antigen, which presented a sensitivity of 93.5%. All antigens presented 100% specificity. These antigens were then multiplexed in a 4-plex assay, which resulted in increased sensitivity and specificity values, performing with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values for the 4-plex assay were 100%. Although preliminary, this 4-plex assay showed robust results that, aligned with its small-sample-volume requirements and also its cost- and time-effectiveness, make it a reasonable alternative to tests currently used for HCV screening of potentially infected individuals.
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29
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Bouzgarrou N, Hassen E, Bahri O, Gabbouj S, Mami NB, Triki H, Chouchane L. Combined effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to liver cirrhosis in Tunisian HCV-infected patients. Hepatol Int 2011; 5:681-7. [PMID: 21484147 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-010-9232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic hepatitis C progression is commonly attributed to the continuous activation of the immune response with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to fibrosis and ultimately to cirrhosis. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin (IL)-10 have a modulatory effect on hepatic fibrogenesis. The association between individual polymorphisms within cytokine genes and hepatitis C outcome is often weak and non-informative. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that a combination of specific genotypes may be a more significant and powerful approach for predicting disease risk. AIM This study is aimed at investigating the combined effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL-18 (-607C/A, -137G/C), interferon (IFN)-γ (+874T/A) and IL-10 (-1082G/A) genes on cirrhosis risk in HCV-infected patients. METHODS Seventy-seven chronic hepatitis C Tunisian subjects were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: the first included 31 non-cirrhotic patients, and the second included 46 liver cirrhosis patients. IL-18 genotyping was performed using the PCR amplification and the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). IFN-γ and IL-10 polymorphisms were analyzed using the allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). RESULTS The combined high-risk genotype (IL-18 -607C/*, IL-18 -137G/*, IFN-γ +874T/*, IL-10 -1082A/A) frequency was compared between patients with and those without cirrhosis. Individuals were classified according the number of high-risk genotypes as follows: (0-2), patients with at most two high-risk genotypes; (3-4), patients with at least three of the high-risk genotypes. The logistic regression analysis showed that patients harboring 3-4 putative high-risk genotypes have a fivefold higher risk for developing cirrhosis in comparison to those harboring at most two high-risk genotypes (OR = 5.19; 95% CI = 1.49-18.05; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our study showed that the co-inheritance of IL-18, IFN-γ and IL-10 specific high-risk genotypes is associated with a greater risk for liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouzgarrou
- Molecular Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia,
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30
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Veerasamy R. QSAR-based prediction of anti-HCV activity of thiourea derivatives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.490399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Chen F, Zhao Y, Liu M, Li D, Wu H, Chen H, Zhu Y, Luo F, Zhong J, Zhou Y, Qi Z, Zhang XL. Functional selection of hepatitis C virus envelope E2-binding Peptide ligands by using ribosome display. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3355-64. [PMID: 20479194 PMCID: PMC2916351 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01357-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small peptides that inhibit the hepatitis C virus (HCV) at the stage of viral entry have the potential to serve as attractive antiviral drugs. Ribosome display is a cell-free system for in vitro selection of peptides from large random peptide libraries. Thus, we utilized a ribosome display library technique for affinity selection of HCV envelope protein E2-binding peptide ligands. Through 13 rounds of selection, the ribosome display system generated high-affinity 12-mer peptides, and the selected peptide PE2D (MARHRNWPLVMV) demonstrated the highest specificity and affinity to the HCV E2 protein. Furthermore, amino acids 489 to 508 (YPPRPCGIVPAKSVCGPVYC) of E2 were identified as crucial for binding to PE2D. The selected peptides, especially PE2D, not only dramatically blocked E2 protein binding to hepatocytes but also dramatically inhibited HCV cell culture (HCVcc) entry into hepatocytes. HCVcc and HCV particles from HCV patient serum samples could also be specifically captured using PE2D. Our study demonstrates that the newly selected peptide ligand PE2D holds great promise for developing a new molecular probe, a therapeutic drug specifically for HCV, or an early-diagnostic reagent for HCV surface envelope antigen E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, The Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China, Jianghan University, College of Life Science, Department of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
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Zhang LZ, Zhang TC, Pan FM, Zhang ZH, Li X. Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in association with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis study. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1839-42. [PMID: 20661604 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms has been reported with controversial results in different studies. In an effort to solve this controversy, we quantitatively summarized ten studies on this relationship by means of meta-analysis. Our analysis included ten case-control studies with 992 cases of chronic HCV infection and 1,123 controls. Analyses were performed with STATA version 9.0. The results showed that the IL-10 -1082GG genotype significantly increased the risk for persistent HCV infection (AA vs. GG: OR = 0.680, 95% CI = 0.489-0.947, P = 0.022; AG vs. GG: OR = 0.608, 95% CI = 0.439-0.840, P = 0.003; GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.570, 95% CI = 1.160-2.123, P = 0.003), but no statistically significant differences were observed between cases and controls for IL-10 -819C/T and IL-10 -592C/A polymorphisms (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that the IL-10 -1082GG genotype was associated with increased susceptibility for chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kang IJ, Wang LW, Yeh TK, Lee CC, Lee YC, Hsu SJ, Wu YS, Wang JC, Chao YS, Yueh A, Chern JH. Synthesis, activity, and pharmacokinetic properties of a series of conformationally-restricted thiourea analogs as novel hepatitis C virus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6414-21. [PMID: 20675142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel conformationally-restricted thiourea analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-HCV activity. Herein we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and pharmacokinetic properties of this new class of thiourea compounds that showed potent inhibitory activities against HCV in the cell-based subgenomic HCV replicon assay. Among compounds tested, the fluorene compound 4b was found to possess the most potent activity (EC(50)=0.3 microM), lower cytotoxicity (CC(50)>50 microM), and significantly better pharmacokinetic properties compared to its corresponding fluorenone compound 4c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iou-Jiun Kang
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Bouzgarrou N, Hassen E, Gabbouj S, Schvoerer E, Ben Mami N, Triki H, Chouchane L. Lack of effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A polymorphism on severity of liver fibrosis in Tunisian hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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CS-SELEX generates high-affinity ssDNA aptamers as molecular probes for hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8142. [PMID: 19997645 PMCID: PMC2780912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the development of effective diagnostic reagents as well as treatments against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a high priority. In this study, we have described the development of an alive cell surface -Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (CS-SELEX) technique and screened the functional ssDNA aptamers that specifically bound to HCV envelope surface glycoprotein E2. Through 13 rounds of selection, the CS-SELEX generated high-affinity ssDNA aptamers, and the selected ssDNA aptamer ZE2 demonstrated the highest specificity and affinity to E2-positive cells. HCV particles could be specifically captured and diagnosed using the aptamer ZE2. A good correlation was observed in HCV patients between HCV E2 antigen-aptamer assay and assays for HCV RNA quantities or HCV antibody detection. Moreover, the selected aptamers, especially ZE2, could competitively inhibit E2 protein binding to CD81, an important HCV receptor, and significantly block HCV cell culture (HCVcc) infection of human hepatocytes (Huh7.5.1) in vitro. Our data demonstrate that the newly selected ssDNA aptamers, especially aptamer ZE2, hold great promise for developing new molecular probes, as an early diagnostic reagent for HCV surface antigen, or a therapeutic drug specifically for HCV.
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Kang IJ, Wang LW, Hsu SJ, Lee CC, Lee YC, Wu YS, Yueh A, Wang JC, Hsu TA, Chao YS, Chern JH. Design and efficient synthesis of novel arylthiourea derivatives as potent hepatitis C virus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6063-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abbas OM, Abdel-Rahman MH, Omar NA, Badran HM, Amir EM. Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms in hepatitis C patients with and without Schistosoma mansoni co-infection. Liver Int 2009; 29:1422-30. [PMID: 19555400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Interleukin (IL-10) plays a major role in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease pathogenesis, in particular in Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) co-infected patients. Given that interindividual variations in IL-10 production are influenced by functional polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter, we determined the frequencies of common (-1082, -819 and -592) IL-10 promoter polymorphisms in chronic HCV patients with and without S. mansoni co-infection and healthy controls, and investigated their association with the degree of histological activity index (HAI) and response to interferon-ribavirin therapy. METHODS Genomic DNA from 99 patients and 62 healthy controls, born in the same geographical hyperendemic area, was studied by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Sera were assessed for S. mansoni antibodies. RESULTS The frequencies of IL-10 polymorphisms at positions -1082, -819 and -592 from the transcription start site were comparable between HCV patients and controls, as well as between HCV mono-infected and either S. mansoni co-infected patients or controls. The grade of inflammation and the stage of fibrosis showed no association with IL-10 polymorphisms. The frequencies of S. mansoni co-infection and IL-10 genotypes/haplotypes were insignificantly different between non-responders and responders to combination therapy. No effect of other factors like age, gender, HAI group scores and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed on response to therapy in our patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that common IL-10 (-1082, -819 and -592) genotypes/haplotypes do not influence the degree of HAI and response to combination therapy or susceptibility to HCV infection with and without S. mansoni co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaima M Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menofeya University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menofeya, Egypt.
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Behnava B, Alavian SM. Hepatitis C levels and histological damages – Need more evidence and attention. Arab J Gastroenterol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Castillo I, Bartolomé J, Quiroga JA, Barril G, Carreño V. Presence of HCV-RNA after ultracentrifugation of serum samples during the follow-up of chronic hepatitis C patients with a sustained virological response may predict reactivation of hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:477-86. [PMID: 19523175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentration of viral particles by ultracentrifugation of serum prior to PCR allows detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in patients with undetectable viral RNA by conventional PCR assays. AIM To analyse if HCV-RNA is detected after serum ultracentrifugation in chronic hepatitis C patients with a sustained virological response to antiviral therapy (defined as serum HCV-RNA negativity by conventional assays 6 months after the end of therapy). METHODS HCV-RNA was tested using real-time PCR in ultracentrifuged sera collected during the post-treatment follow-up (mean: 42 +/- 27 months) in 57 sustained virological responders (SVR). RESULTS After serum ultracentrifugation, HCV-RNA was detected on at least one occasion during the follow-up in 29/57 (51%) SVR. Thirteen (23%) of these 57 SVR suffered a reactivation 18 +/- 8 months after the end of therapy (reappearance of serum HCV-RNA detectable by conventional assays). Among reactivated patients, 11/13 (85%) had HCV-RNA in ultracentrifuged serum samples (detectable 10 +/- 5 months before reactivation), while HCV-RNA was positive after ultracentrifugation in 18/44 (41%) long-term SVR (P = 0.01). Persistence of detectable HCV-RNA after serum ultracentrifugation was associated with reactivation (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum ultracentrifugation prior to PCR allows detection of HCV-RNA in SVR and its persistence may predict late reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Castillo
- Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain.
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Kang IJ, Wang LW, Hsu SJ, Lee CC, Lee YC, Wu YS, Hsu TA, Yueh A, Chao YS, Chern JH. Design and synthesis of indole, 2,3-dihydro-indole, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-1-carbothioic acid amide derivatives as novel HCV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4134-8. [PMID: 19539472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic methodology to provide indole, 2,3-dihydro-indole, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-1-carbothioic acid amide derivatives is described. These conformationally restricted heterobicyclic scaffolds were evaluated as a novel class of HCV inhibitors. Introduction of an acyl group at the NH(2) of the thiourea moiety has been found to enhance inhibitory activity. The chain length and the position of the alkyl group on the indoline aromatic ring markedly influenced anti-HCV activity. The indoline scaffold was more potent than the corresponding indole and tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds and analogue 31 displayed excellent activity (EC(50)=510nM) against HCV without significant cytotoxicity (CC(50) >50microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iou-Jiun Kang
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Benouda A, Boujdiya Z, Ahid S, Abouqal R, Adnaoui M. Prévalence de l’infection par le virus de l’hépatite-C au Maroc et évaluation des tests sérologiques de dépistage pour la prédiction de la virémie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The application of the phosphoramidate ProTide approach confers micromolar potency against Hepatitis C virus on inactive agent 4′-azidoinosine: Kinase bypass on a dual base/sugar modified nucleoside. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3122-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ndong-Atome GR, Njouom R, Padilla C, Bisvigou U, Makuwa M, Kazanji M. Absence of intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus and low risk for sexual transmission in rural central Africa indicate a cohort effect. J Clin Virol 2009; 45:349-53. [PMID: 19473878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrafamilial and sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still being debated, and little is known about such transmission in central Africa. OBJECTIVE To examine the rate of intrafamilial transmission of HCV between patients and their household members. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dienga, a remote village in Gabon, involving 195 household members of 14 index cases of HCV infection. After a questionnaire on the risk factors for parenteral exposure, blood samples were obtained and tested for antibody to HCV by an enzyme immunoassay (Monolisa anti-HCV plus version 2). Positive samples were tested for HCV RNA and genotyped by amplification and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the NS5B gene. RESULTS HCV antibody was found in 13/195 (6.7%) household contacts, comprising 5/14 (35.7%) sexual partners and 8/114 (7%) relatives. None of the children of index patients tested positive. HCV RNA was detected in only five household members with HCV antibody. The same genotypes were found in only two of five couples, both couples being sexual partners. Parenteral risk factors were not more likely to be reported by people positive for HCV antibody than by those who were negative. Age over 50 years was the only independent predictor of positivity for HCV antibody. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates, as previously suggested, that the spread of HCV in central Africa is due to a cohort effect, with previous, possibly iatrogenic, transmission rather than intrafamilial or sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome
- Département de Virologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
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Chrétien P, Chousterman M, Alsamad IA, Ozenne V, Rosa I, Barrault C, Lons T, Hagège H. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C patients: Association with histological activity and fibrosis. J Autoimmun 2009; 32:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pelli N, Torre F, Delfino A, Basso M, Picciotto A. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-related ligand (sTRAIL) levels and kinetics during antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 26:119-23. [PMID: 16487032 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C improved the rates of viral clearance to 56%. An open issue is a better understanding of the factors responsible for the residual lack of response. Our aim was to investigate the effect of antiviral treatments on soluble tumor necrosis factor-related ligand (sTRAIL), which is capable of inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells. We analyzed sTRAIL levels in 22 naive patients, randomly assigned to receive 6 months of treatment with IFN alone or in combination with amantadine or ribavirin, at baseline, at 6, 12, 24, 30, and 48 h, at days 3, 7, and 14, at 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, and finally 6 months after the end of treatment. At baseline, the sTRAIL level was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). The highest sTRAIL release was obtained within the first 12 h, followed by a second peak after the second dose of IFN. There was then a slow decline within the first month. Compared with baseline, high sTRAIL levels were present till day 7 in sustained responders (7 patients) and till the third month of treatment in relapsers or nonresponders (15 patients) (p < 0.02), with no differences related to the type of treatment. The IFN effect on sTRAIL is rapid and intense. The overexpression of TRAIL in viral hepatitis could be seen as a defense mechanism to eliminate infected cells and limit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Pelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Kang IJ, Wang LW, Lee CC, Lee YC, Chao YS, Hsu TA, Chern JH. Design, synthesis, and anti-HCV activity of thiourea compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1950-5. [PMID: 19251415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of thiourea derivatives were synthesized and their antiviral activity was evaluated in a cell-based HCV subgenomic replicon assay. SAR studies revealed that the chain length and the position of the alkyl linker largely influenced the in vitro anti-HCV activity of this class of potent antiviral agents. Among this series of compounds synthesized, the thiourea derivative with a six-carbon alkyl linker at the meta-position of the central phenyl ring (10) was identified as the most potent anti-HCV inhibitor (EC(50) = 0.047 microM) with a selectivity index of 596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iou-Jiun Kang
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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Combined analysis of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C severity. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:230-6. [PMID: 19480854 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Today there is increasing evidence concerning the contribution of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and genetic factors in hepatitis C pathogenesis and interindividual heterogeneity of disease outcome. In the current study, we investigated the influence of functionally described single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes, on chronic hepatitis C severity. IFNgamma (+874T/A) and IL-10 (-1082G/A) genotypes were determined in 100 hepatitis C patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis, n = 42, liver cirrhosis [LC], and hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis [HCC], n = 58) and 103 healthy controls using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. No statistical differences in allele or genotype distributions of IFNgamma and IL-10 genes were observed between patients and controls. However, some significant differences in IFNgamma genotype frequencies were observed between the two groups of patients. IFNgamma(high producer) genotypes TT and TA were significantly more common in patients with LC and HCC (odds ratio = 2.65; p = 0.019). Although IL-10 genotypic frequencies were comparable between the different clinical forms of the disease, the combination of IFNgamma(low producer) and IL-10(high producer) genotypes was significantly associated with a lower risk of LC and HCC (odds ratio = 0.21; p = 0.015). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphisms in the IFNgamma and IL-10 genes may influence the outcome of chronic HCV infection.
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Th1 and Th2 cytokines are elevated in HCV-infected SVR(-) patients treated with interferon-alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:855-60. [PMID: 19118522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha-based treatment is a standard therapy to cure hepatitis C virus-infected patients. However, the reasons for the failure of interferon-alpha treatment in some patients have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the differences in the expression levels of various cytokines among patients with and without sustained viral response (SVR). We found that the chemokines (MIG and IP-10) and inflammation-related cytokines (IL-6) were transiently elevated in patients with SVR(+) before interferon-alpha treatment and in the early phase of treatment (week 2), indicating that these cytokines may be related to viral clearance. Furthermore, higher serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and IFN-gamma) were observed in SVR(-) than in SVR(+) patients, indicating that they may be associated with ineffective anti-HCV immune response. Our data revealed that the patterns of cytokines varied greatly between SVR(+) and SVR(-) patients before and after IFN-alpha treatment.
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Njouom R, Sartre MT, Timba I, Nerrienet E, Tchendjou P, Pasquier C, Rousset D. Efficacy and safety of peginterferon alpha-2a/ribavirin in treatment-naive Cameroonian patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2008; 80:2079-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Novo E, Parola M. Redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2008; 1:5. [PMID: 19014652 PMCID: PMC2584013 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within cells or, more generally, in a tissue environment, may easily turn into a source of cell and tissue injury. Aerobic organisms have developed evolutionarily conserved mechanisms and strategies to carefully control the generation of ROS and other oxidative stress-related radical or non-radical reactive intermediates (that is, to maintain redox homeostasis), as well as to 'make use' of these molecules under physiological conditions as tools to modulate signal transduction, gene expression and cellular functional responses (that is, redox signalling). However, a derangement in redox homeostasis, resulting in sustained levels of oxidative stress and related mediators, can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of major human diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, chronic activation of wound healing and tissue fibrogenesis. This review has been designed to first offer a critical introduction to current knowledge in the field of redox research in order to introduce readers to the complexity of redox signalling and redox homeostasis. This will include ready-to-use key information and concepts on ROS, free radicals and oxidative stress-related reactive intermediates and reactions, sources of ROS in mammalian cells and tissues, antioxidant defences, redox sensors and, more generally, the major principles of redox signalling and redox-dependent transcriptional regulation of mammalian cells. This information will serve as a basis of knowledge to introduce the role of ROS and other oxidative stress-related intermediates in contributing to essential events, such as the induction of cell death, the perpetuation of chronic inflammatory responses, fibrogenesis and much more, with a major focus on hepatic chronic wound healing and liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Novo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale and Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiopatologia Epatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
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