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Cakmak E, Bagci G. Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome: A comprehensive review. Liver Int 2021; 41:905-914. [PMID: 33455044 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited genetic disease. This syndrome is associated with a decrease in the lipolysis activity in multiple tissue cells because of recessive mutations in the abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) gene, which leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets in multiple types of cells. Major clinical symptoms in patients with CDS include ichthyosis and intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. The variability of clinical symptoms in patients with CDS depends on a large number of mutations involved. In this syndrome, liver involvement is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. This review aims to summarize the demographic characteristic, clinical symptoms, liver involvement and mutations in CDS patients in the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Cakmak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Bagci
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
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Neutral Lipid Storage Diseases as Cellular Model to Study Lipid Droplet Function. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020187. [PMID: 30795549 PMCID: PMC6406896 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) and with ichthyosis (NLSDI) are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 and in the ABHD5/CGI58 genes, respectively. These genes encode the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and α-β hydrolase domain 5 (ABHD5) proteins, which play key roles in the function of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, the main cellular storage sites of triacylglycerols and sterol esters, are highly dynamic organelles. Indeed, LDs are critical for both lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Partial or total PNPLA2 or ABHD5/CGI58 knockdown is characteristic of the cells of NLSD patients; thus, these cells are natural models with which one can unravel LD function. In this review we firstly summarize genetic and clinical data collected from NLSD patients, focusing particularly on muscle, skin, heart, and liver damage due to impaired LD function. Then, we discuss how NLSD cells were used to investigate and expand the current structural and functional knowledge of LDs.
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Abstract
This article reviews diagnostic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), current grading and staging methodology, and diagnostic challenges and pitfalls in routine practice. Current practice guidelines and prognostic and treatment considerations are discussed. The clinical diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may represent stable disease without progressive liver damage, in the form of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or aggressive disease that will progress to advanced fibrosis, in the form of NASH. NASH is diagnosed from a liver biopsy after assessment by a pathologist to distinguish NASH from NAFL (and other histologic mimics of NASH); this distinction is critical for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M590, Box 0102, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA.
| | - Sanjay Kakar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M590, Box 0102, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA
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Saini-Chohan HK, Mitchell RW, Vaz FM, Zelinski T, Hatch GM. Delineating the role of alterations in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of inherited skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders: Thematic Review Series: Genetics of Human Lipid Diseases. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:4-27. [PMID: 22065858 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the specific composition of lipids is essential for the maintenance of membrane integrity, enzyme function, ion channels, and membrane receptors, an alteration in lipid composition or metabolism may be one of the crucial changes occurring during skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Although the inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits) and underlying/defining mutations causing these myopathies are known, the contribution of lipid homeostasis in the progression of these diseases needs to be established. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge relating to lipid changes in inherited skeletal muscle disorders, such as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle myopathic dystrophies, desminopathies, rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy, and Dunnigan-type familial lipodystrophy. The lipid modifications in familial hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as Barth syndrome and several other cardiac disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage, are discussed. Information on lipid alterations occurring in these myopathies will aid in the design of improved methods of screening and therapy in children and young adults with or without a family history of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot K Saini-Chohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Redaelli C, Coleman RA, Moro L, Dacou-Voutetakis C, Elsayed SM, Prati D, Colli A, Mela D, Colombo R, Tavian D. Clinical and genetic characterization of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome patients: first report of large deletions in the ABHD5 gene. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010; 5:33. [PMID: 21122093 PMCID: PMC3019207 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) and an intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) droplets in most tissues. The clinical phenotype involves multiple organs and systems, including liver, eyes, ears, skeletal muscle and central nervous system (CNS). Mutations in ABHD5/CGI58 gene are associated with CDS. Methods Eight CDS patients belonging to six different families from Mediterranean countries were enrolled for genetic study. Molecular analysis of the ABHD5 gene included the sequencing of the 7 coding exons and of the putative 5' regulatory regions, as well as reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing of normal and aberrant ABHD5 cDNAs. Results Five different mutations were identified, four of which were novel, including two splice-site mutations (c.47+1G>A and c.960+5G>A) and two large deletions (c.898_*320del and c.662-1330_773+46del). All the reported mutations are predicted to be pathogenic because they lead to an early stop codon or a frameshift producing a premature termination of translation. While nonsense, missense, frameshift and splice-site mutations have been identified in CDS patients, large genomic deletions have not previously been described. Conclusions These results emphasize the need for an efficient approach for genomic deletion screening to ensure an accurate molecular diagnosis of CDS. Moreover, in spite of intensive molecular screening, no mutations were identified in one patient with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of CDS, appointing to genetic heterogeneity of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Redaelli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Takeda K, Tanaka K, Kumamoto T, Morioka D, Endo I, Togo S, Shimada H. Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Dorfman-Chanarin Syndrome With 1 Year Follow-up: Case Report. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3858-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Selimoglu MA, Esrefoglu M, Gul M, Gungor S, Yildirim C, Seyhan M. Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome: clinical features of a rare lipid metabolism disorder. Pediatr Dermatol 2009; 26:40-3. [PMID: 19250403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a very rare neutral lipid metabolism disorder with multisystem involvement. In order to not underdiagnose the cases, screening of lipid vacuoles in neutrophils from peripheral blood smears in patients with ichthyosiform erythroderma is needed. Few case reports revealing ultrastructural findings of skin and especially liver in that disorder were observed. Here we discuss clinical and electron microscopic findings of two siblings with CDS.
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Severe steatohepatitis in a patient with a rare neutral lipid storage disorder due to ABHD5 mutation. J Hepatol 2008; 49:474-7. [PMID: 18644654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is mainly caused by alcohol consumption, excessive body weight, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance, but inherited disorders can sometimes be involved. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with steatohepatitis and severe portal hypertension, associated with ichthyosis, cataract and hypoacusia. The clinical, pathological and genetic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS), a rare autosomal recessive inherited neutral lipid storage disorder, and genetic analysis showed that a novel ABHD5 mutation is responsible.
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Brown JM, Chung S, Das A, Shelness GS, Rudel LL, Yu L. CGI-58 facilitates the mobilization of cytoplasmic triglyceride for lipoprotein secretion in hepatoma cells. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2295-305. [PMID: 17664529 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700279-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) is a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase family of proteins. Mutations in the human CGI-58 gene are associated with Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease in which excessive triglyceride (TG) accumulation occurs in multiple tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of CGI-58 in cellular lipid metabolism in several cell models and discovered a role for CGI-58 in promoting the packaging of cytoplasmic TG into secreted lipoprotein particles in hepatoma cells. Using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that CGI-58 facilitates the depletion of cellular TG stores without altering cellular cholesterol or phospholipid accumulation. This depletion of cellular TG is attributable solely to augmented hydrolysis, whereas TG synthesis was not affected by CGI-58. Furthermore, CGI-58-mediated TG hydrolysis can be completely inhibited by the known lipase inhibitors diethylumbelliferyl phosphate and diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but not by p-chloro-mercuribenzoate. Intriguingly, CGI-58-driven TG hydrolysis was coupled to increases in both fatty acid oxidation and secretion of TG. Collectively, this study reveals a role for CGI-58 in coupling lipolytic degradation of cytoplasmic TG to oxidation and packaging into TG-rich lipoproteins for secretion in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Brown
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA
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Abstract
AbstractDorfman-Chanarin syndrome (DCS), is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder associated with lipid metabolism. It is characterized by ichthyosiform nonbullous erythroderma, lipid vacuoles in peripheral leukocytes and variable involvement of organs. We report a Turkish man with the complete syndrome, who described family history of ichthyosis. To best of our knowledge this is the sixth case from Turkish origin to date. In addition to congenital ichthyosis he had also strabismus, horizantal nystagmus, bilateral neurosensory hearing loss, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Liver biopsy revealed hidrophic degeneration in hepatocytes, steatosis, enlargement and inflammation in portal areas and portal central fibrosis, consistent with cirrhosis. Write stained peripheral blood smear examination revealed lipid vacuoles in all of the neutrophils consistent with Jordan’s anomaly. We think that, it is essential to evaluate the peripheral blood smear of the patients with ichthyosis and also patients with DCS should be informed and warned about the results of consanquinous marriage.
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Taskin E, Akarsu S, Aygun AD, Ozlu F, Kilic M. Rickets with Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. Acta Haematol 2006; 117:16-9. [PMID: 17095855 DOI: 10.1159/000096784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, inherited, lipid storage disease. It is characterized by nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, leukocyte vacuoles and variable involvement of the liver, muscles and central nervous system, due to errors of triacylglycerol metabolism. To date only 32 cases of this syndrome have been described worldwide. AIMS To report the case of a boy with Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome with rickets. CASE REPORT A boy of Turkish origin was born of a nonconsanguineous marriage after an uncomplicated perinatal period. On examination the patient had failure to thrive, diffuse erythroderma and ichthyosis and clinical features suggesting rickets. A light-microscopic examination of peripheral smear revealed vacuolated leukocytes typical of Jordans' anomaly. Lipid analysis showed an increase in triacylglycerol and very low density lipoprotein. A radiographic study of the wrist revealed rickets. CONCLUSION The clinical progression in these patients ranges from mild to fatal. We believe that patients with ichthyosis should be evaluated bearing in mind the possibility of Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. This may increase the number of reported Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome cases, and the pathogenesis and progression of the disease will become clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Taskin
- Division of Neonatology, Cukurova University Department of Pediatrics, Adana, Turkey
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EI-Kabbany Z, Elsayed SM, Rashad M, Tareef R, Galal N. Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome in Egypt. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 121A:75-8. [PMID: 12900907 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Peña-Penabad C, Almagro M, Martínez W, García-Silva J, Del Pozo J, Yebra MT, Sánchez-Manzano C, Fonseca E. Dorfman--Chanarin syndrome (neutral lipid storage disease): new clinical features. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:430-2. [PMID: 11251597 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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