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Kotepui KU, Kotepui M, Piwkham D, Songsri A, Charoenkijkajorn L, Kongnok T, Chanil Y. Tissue Expression Of LPHN3 in Breast Cancer: An Immunohistochemistry Method. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3339-3343. [PMID: 33247693 PMCID: PMC8033104 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.11.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is one of the most important public health problems among women worldwide. It is a major cause of morbidity especially among women in developing countries including Thailand. The purpose of this study was to study the expression of LPHN3 protein in normal breast tissue compared to breast cancer tissue. METHODS We had studied the expression of LPHN3 in 65 breast tissues using an immunohistochemistry method. The association between LPHN3 expression and breast cancer metastasis to nearby axillary lymph nodes was also examined. RESULTS Among the 65 breast cancer and normal breast tissues examined, LPHN3 expression with an immunohistochemistry index (IHC index) greater than 4 was more frequently found in breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissues (P-value = 0.001, OR (95% CI) = 7.04 (2.16-23)). Moreover, a high expression of LPHN3 (IHC index > 4) was more frequently found in breast cancer tissues with negative axillary lymph nodes than in those with positive ones (P-value = 0.038, OR (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.07-0.96)). LPHN3 protein might be a new metastasis suppressor gene in breast cancer and a marker for breast cancer metastasis prevention. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that a decrease of LPHN3 protein expression in breast cancer tissue might be a marker indicating the aggressiveness of breast cancer. These results also suggested that a decrease of LPHN3 expression could be functionally involved in breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Duangjai Piwkham
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Apiram Songsri
- Department of Pathology, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | | | - Tidamas Kongnok
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Yupaporn Chanil
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
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Kotepui M, Thawornkuno C, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P, Punyarit P, Petmitr S. Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR of ITGA7, SVEP1, TNS1, LPHN3, SEMA3G, KLB and MMP13 mRNA Expression in Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5879-82. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Labbe A, Liu A, Atherton J, Gizenko N, Fortier MÈ, Sengupta SM, Ridha J. Refining psychiatric phenotypes for response to treatment: contribution of LPHN3 in ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:776-85. [PMID: 22851411 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although a strong genetic component to the disorder has been established, the molecular genetic underpinnings of this disorder remain elusive. Recently, several studies have reported an association between polymorphisms within the latrophilin 3 gene (LPHN3) and ADHD. Interestingly, the same single-nucleotide polymorphism conferring susceptibility to ADHD has also been found to predict efficacy of stimulant medication in children. The main objectives of the current article are: (i) To tackle the phenotype heterogeneity issue in ADHD by defining an objective and quantitative measure of response to treatment in a sample of ADHD children based on a hand held automatic device (Actiwatch) and (ii) to use this measure to reproduce for the first time the association between LPHN3 variants and response to methylphenidate (MPH) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover experimental design. The results of our study confirm the hypothesis that LPHN3 is associated with response to MPH in ADHD children. Although this will require further validation, our work suggests that the use of an objective measure of response to treatment, such as the change in the child's motor activity measured by Actiwatch, has the potential to uncover genetic association signals that in some conditions might not be obtained using more subjective measures, such as the clinical consensus rating, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Labbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Choudhry Z, Sengupta SM, Grizenko N, Fortier ME, Thakur GA, Bellingham J, Joober R. LPHN3 and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: interaction with maternal stress during pregnancy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53:892-902. [PMID: 22486528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous behavioral disorder, complex both in etiology and clinical expression. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, and it has been suggested that gene-environment interactions may play a pivotal role in the disorder. Recently, a significant association was reported between ADHD and LPHN3 (which codes for latrophilin 3), and replicated in independent samples. METHODS We have examined the association between tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LPHN3 within the region previously implicated in ADHD. Family based association tests (FBAT) were conducted (n = 380 families) with the categorical diagnosis of ADHD, behavioral and cognitive phenotypes related to ADHD, and response to treatment (given a fixed dose of methylphenidate, 0.5 mg/day). Stratified FBAT analyses, based on maternal smoking and stress during pregnancy, was conducted. RESULTS Whereas limited association was observed in the total sample, highly significant interaction between four LPHN3 tag SNPs (rs6551665, rs1947274, rs6858066, rs2345039) and maternal stress during pregnancy was noted. Analysis conducted in the sub-group of mothers exposed to minimal stress during pregnancy showed significant associations with ADHD, behavioral and cognitive dimensions related to ADHD, as well as treatment response. Although extensive association was observed with the candidate SNPs, the findings are partially inconsistent with previously published results with the opposite alleles over-transmitted in these studies. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the interaction between a genetic and environmental factor independently shown to be associated with ADHD. If confirmed in independent large studies, they may present a step forward in unraveling the complex etiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Choudhry
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
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Wallis D, Hill DS, Mendez IA, Abbott LC, Finnell RH, Wellman PJ, Setlow B. Initial characterization of mice null for Lphn3, a gene implicated in ADHD and addiction. Brain Res 2012; 1463:85-92. [PMID: 22575564 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The LPHN3 gene has been associated with both attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction, suggesting that it may play a role in the etiology of these disorders. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about the normal functions of this gene, which has hampered understanding of its potential pathogenic role. To begin to characterize such normal functions, we utilized a gene-trap embryonic stem cell line to generate mice mutant for the Lphn3 gene. We evaluated differential gene expression in whole mouse brain between mutant and wild type male littermates at postnatal day 0 using TaqMan gene expression assays. Most notably, we found changes in dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters (Dat1, Drd4, 5Htt, 5Ht2a), changes in neurotransmitter metabolism genes (Th, Gad1), as well as changes in neural developmental genes (Nurr, Ncam). When mice were examined at 4-6 weeks of age, null mutants showed increased levels of dopamine and serotonin in the dorsal striatum. Finally, null mutant mice had a hyperactive phenotype in the open field test, independent of sex, and were more sensitive to the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. Considered together, these results suggest that Lphn3 plays a role in development and/or regulation of monoamine signaling. Given the central role for monoamines in ADHD and addiction, it seems likely that the influence of LPHN3 genotype on these disorders is mediated through alterations in monoamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeann Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3474, USA.
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Martinez AF, Muenke M, Arcos-Burgos M. From the black widow spider to human behavior: Latrophilins, a relatively unknown class of G protein-coupled receptors, are implicated in psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:1-10. [PMID: 21184579 PMCID: PMC4101183 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The findings of a recent study associate LPHN3, a member of the latrophilin family, with an increased risk of developing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Latrophilins comprise a new family of G protein-coupled receptors of unknown native physiological function that mediate the neurotoxic effects of α-latrotoxin, a potent toxin found in black widow spider venom. This receptor-toxin interaction has helped to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of neurotransmitter and hormone release in vertebrates. Such unprecedented discovery points to a new direction in the assessment of ADHD and suggest that further study of this receptor family may provide novel insights into the etiology and treatment of ADHD and other related psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Correspondence to: Dr. Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, M.D., Ph.D., National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3717, Building 35, Room 1B209, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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Ribasés M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Bosch R, Richarte V, Palomar G, Gastaminza X, Bielsa A, Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M, Castellanos FX, Cormand B, Bayés M, Casas M. Contribution of LPHN3 to the genetic susceptibility to ADHD in adulthood: a replication study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 10:149-57. [PMID: 21040458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable developmental disorder characterized by a persistent impairing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Using families from a genetic isolate, the Paisa population from Colombia, and five independent datasets from four different populations (United States, Germany, Norway and Spain), a highly consistent association was recently reported between ADHD and the latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) gene, a brain-specific member of the LPHN subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in ADHD-related regions, such as amygdala, caudate nucleus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. To replicate the association between LPHN3 and ADHD in adults, we undertook a case-control association study in 334 adult patients with ADHD and 334 controls with 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the LPNH3 gene. Single- and multiple-marker analyses showed additional evidence of association between LPHN3 and combined type ADHD in adulthood [P = 0.0019; df = 1; odds ratio (OR) = 1.82 (1.25-2.70) and P = 5.1e-05; df = 1; OR = 2.25 (1.52-3.34), respectively]. These results further support the LPHN3 contribution to combined type ADHD, and specifically to the persistent form of the disorder, and point at this new neuronal pathway as a common susceptibility factor for ADHD throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ribasés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Abstract
Antisense offers a precise and specific means of knocking down expression of a target gene, and is a major focus of research in neuroscience and other areas. It has application as a tool in gene function and target validation studies and is emerging as a therapeutic technology in its own right. It has become increasingly obvious, however, that there are a number of hurdles to overcome before antisense can be used effectively in the CNS, most notably finding suitable nucleic acid chemistries and an effective delivery vehicle to transport antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to their site of action. Despite these problems, a number of potential applications of AS-ODNs in CNS therapeutics have been validated in vitro and, in some cases, in vivo. Here the authors outline available nucleic acid chemistries and review progress in the development of non-invasive delivery vehicles that may be applicable to CNS therapeutics. Further to this, they discuss a number of experimental applications of AS-ODNs to CNS research and speculate on the development of antisense techniques to treat CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Godfray
- ExpressOn BioSystems Ltd, The Logan Building, Roslin BioCentre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9TT, Scotland.
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Fletcher TM. Telomerase - strategies to exploit an important chemotherapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2001; 5:363-378. [PMID: 12540271 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.5.3.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, unique protein-DNA complexes located at the chromosome ends, have important functions involving both DNA protection and cellular signalling. Telomere structure is very dynamic yet tightly controlled. One important factor is the presence of telomerase, a telomere-specific DNA polymerase activated in a majority of cancer cells. Cancer and normal cell telomeres may have dissimilar structures due to variances in telomere length, telomerase activity and levels of telomere binding proteins. In designing compounds to strictly target cancer cells, these distinctions should be investigated. Much of the recent focus has been on the development of highly effective telomerase inhibitors. Another novel group of small molecules target telomere DNA, thereby disrupting both telomerase activity and telomere structure. This class of compounds should have an immediate impact on cell growth and viability. Since many molecular characteristics of telomeres are unknown, small molecules should also be useful in probing differences in telomere dynamics unique to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terace M Fletcher
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA.
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