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Baker KA, Purdy MB, Sadi D, Mukhida K, Mendez I. A Sequential Intrastriatal Dopaminergic Graft Strategy in the Rodent Model for Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Graft Survival and Targeting. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/096020198389951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal placement of intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts is likely crucial to optimize clinical recovery in Parkinson's disease (PD). The target sites of dopaminergic grafts vary among clinical trials and may partially explain the variable results in clinical efficacy reported thus far. In this study we hypothesized that a subsequent dopaminergic graft may promote functional recovery following a suboptimal initial graft. To test this hypothesis, rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the right nigrostriatal pathway were randomly divided into three groups. The first group received 900,000 fetal nigral cells in the medial striatum only (n = 6). The second group received 900,000 cells in both the medial and lateral striatum simultaneously (1.8 million total; n = 8). The final group received a second graft of 900,000 cells in the lateral striatum 6 weeks following initial transplantation of a medial graft (n = 6). Amphetamine-induced circling behavior was significantly reduced in both simultaneous and sequential graft groups at 9 and 12 weeks following transplantation of the initial graft. However, no recovery was noted in the single medial graft group at those time points. Furthermore, increased survival of dopaminergic cells was observed in the lateral graft of sequentially grafted animals compared with the medial graft. We conclude that a well-positioned subsequent graft can restore function in animals with a suboptimal initial graft and that the initial graft may improve survival of the second graft. These results are further discussed in relation to their important clinical implication for neural transplantation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Baker
- Neural Transplantation Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
| | - M. B. Purdy
- Neural Transplantation Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
| | - D. Sadi
- Neural Transplantation Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
| | - K. Mukhida
- Neural Transplantation Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
| | - I. Mendez
- Neural Transplantation Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
- Department of Surgery (Division of Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
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Facchiano A, Russo K, Facchiano AM, De Marchis F, Facchiano F, Ribatti D, Aguzzi MS, Capogrossi MC. Identification of a novel domain of fibroblast growth factor 2 controlling its angiogenic properties. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:8751-60. [PMID: 12496262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a potent factor modulating the activity of many cell types. Its dimerization and binding to high affinity receptors are considered to be necessary steps to induce FGF receptor phosphorylation and signaling activation. A structural analysis was carried out and a region encompassing residues 48-58 of human FGF-2 was identified, as potentially involved in FGF-2 dimerization. A peptide (FREG-48-58) derived from this region strongly and specifically inhibited FGF-2 induced proliferation and migration of primary bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAEC) in vitro, and markedly reduced FGF-2-dependent angiogenesis in two distinct in vivo assays. To further investigate the role of region 48-58, a polyclonal antibody raised against FREG-(48-58) was tested and was found to block FGF-2 action in vitro. Human FGF-2 has three histidine residues, one falling within the region 48-58. Chemical modification of histidine residues blocked FGF-2 activity and FREG-(48-58) inhibitory effect in vitro, indicating that histidine residues, in particular the one within FREG-(48-58) region, play a crucial role in the observed activity. Additional experiments showed that FREG-(48-58) specifically interacted with FGF-2, impaired FGF-2-interaction with itself, with heparin and with FGF receptor 1, and inhibited FGF-2-induced receptor phosphorylation and FGF-2 internalization. These data indicate for the first time that region 48-58 of FGF-2 is a functional domain controlling FGF-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratorio Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, 00167 Roma, Italy.
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Cao X, Sun S, Liu H, Tong E, Xia H. Dynamic expression of bFGF and TGFbeta2 in glomus cell grafts of carotid body in rat model of Parkinson disease. Curr Med Sci 2003; 23:380-2, 395. [PMID: 15015641 DOI: 10.1007/bf02829423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2001] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFbeta2) in glomus cell grafts of carotid body in the rat model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson disease, immunohistochemical staining of bFGF and TGFbeta2 in the sections of striate body was done on the 2nd, 4th and 12th week after transplantation. The results showed that on the 2nd week after transplantation, bFGF and TGFbeta2 were not detectable in the glumous cell grafts. On the 4th week after graft, bFGF and TGFbeta2 immunoreactivity was increased within the grafts and at the graft-host interface but was restricted only to astrocytes. In the striatum surrounding the graft, bFGF was expressed persistently, while TGFbeta2 showed transient expression. It was suggested that the transient expression of TGFbeta2 was likely due more to the trauma imposed by the graft procedure than to an intrinsic. The deficiency in astrocytic bFGF early after graft may be responsible for the poor survival of grafted glomus cells of carotid body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Xiehe Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022
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