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Wang M, Song B, Song T, Sun K, He J, Deng J, Fang L, Luan T, Lin L. Efflux transport proteins of Tetrahymena thermophila play important roles in resistance to perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132287. [PMID: 37591171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The biotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been a concern. However, the effects of PFOS on Tetrahymena thermophila, a unicellular model organism, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and detoxification mechanism of PFOS in this protozoan. PFOS did not show prominent toxic effects on T. thermophila. Cell viability of T. thermophila can be concentration-dependently increased by PFOS. PFOS also increased the stability of cell membranes and the activity of lysosomes. However, PFOS inhibited efflux transporter activities. Most of the PFOS amount remained in the culture medium during the culture periods. Only a low amount of PFOS was absorbed by cells, where PFOS molecules were mainly combined with membrane proteins. The expressions of four membrane protein genes involved in transporting xenobiotics were analyzed by real time-PCR. The gene abcg25 was significantly up-regulated. The growth of abcg25 gene knockout protozoans under PFOS treatment was slightly inhibited. However, the amount of PFOS adsorbed by the knockout protozoans showed no significant difference from the Wild-type protozoans. We concluded that the ABCG25 protein might play a key role in preventing PFOS from entering the cell or being exported from the cells to protect T. thermophila against PFOS. However, ABCG25 was not the only membrane protein able to bind with PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bingyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tianyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kailun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Suzuki C, Sakai T, Magata Y. Reduced P-glycoprotein recognition of a radioiodine-labeled phosphonium cation by stilbenylation for mitochondrial membrane potential based-imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117260. [PMID: 37003156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of radiolabeled phosphonium cations in cells is dependent on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, the efflux of these cations from tumor cells via P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limits their clinical application as MMP-based imaging tracers. In the present study, we designed (E)-diethyl-4-[125I]iodobenzyl-4-stilbenylphosphonium ([125I]IDESP), which contains a stilbenyl substituent, as a P-gp inhibitor to reduce P-gp recognition, and evaluated its biological properties in comparison with 4-[125I]iodobenzyl dipropylphenylphosphonium ([125I]IDPP). The in vitro cellular uptake ratio of [125I]IDESP in P-gp expressing K562/Vin cells to the parent (P-gp negative) K562 cells was significantly higher than that of [125I]IDPP. The efflux rate of [125I]IDESP was not significantly different between K562 and K562/Vin, while [125I]IDPP was rapidly effluxed from K562/Vin compared with K562, and the efflux of [125I]IDPP from K562/Vin was inhibited by the P-gp inhibitor, cyclosporine A. The cellular uptake of [125I]IDESP was well correlated with the MMP levels. These results suggested that [125I]IDESP was accumulated in cells depending on the MMP levels, without being effluxed via P-gp, while [125I]IDPP was rapidly effluxed from the cells via P-gp. Despite having suitable in vitro properties for MMP-based imaging, [125I]IDESP showed rapid blood clearance and lower tumor accumulation than [125I]IDPP. Improvement in the normal tissue distribution of [125I]IDESP is required to develop an agent for use in in vivo MMP-based tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakai
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
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Petrová K, Bačkorová M, Demčišáková Z, Petrovová E, Goga M, Vilková M, Frenák R, Bačkor M, Mojžiš J, Kello M. Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea antarctica (Du Rietz) Reduced In Vitro Angiogenesis in VEGF- and bFGF-Stimulated HUVECs and Ex Ovo in Quail Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091444. [PMID: 36143480 PMCID: PMC9503005 DOI: 10.3390/life12091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-angiogenic therapy, a promising strategy against cancer progression, is limited by drug resistance. Natural plants, such as secondary metabolites of lichens, may represent an appropriate strategy to increase the effectiveness of conventional therapies and overcome resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy if combined with existing chemotherapy. Accordingly, our study was designed to determine the potential anti-angiogenic effect of usnic acid, a secondary metabolite of lichens, on VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs as well as in quail chorioallantoic membrane assays, which were supplemented by histological sections of CAM-affected layers. Abstract Natural products include a diverse set of compounds of drug discovery that are currently being actively used to target tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of secondary metabolite usnic acid isolated from Usena antarctica. We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs. Ex ovo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the CAM assay. Our findings demonstrated that usnic acid in the concentration of 33.57 µM inhibited VEGF (25 ng/mL) and bFGF (30 ng/mL)-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The ex ovo CAM model was used to confirm the results obtained from in vitro studies. VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessel formation was inhibited by usnic acid after 72 h in over 2-fold higher concentrations compared to in vitro. Subsequently, histological sections of affected chorioallantoic membranes were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and alcian blue to determine the number and diameter of vessels as well as the thickness of the individual CAM layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). Usnic acid was able to suppress the formation of VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessels with a diameter of less than 100 μm, which was demonstrated by the reduction of mesoderm thickness as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Petrová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Miriam Bačkorová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Demčišáková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Petrovová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Vilková
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Richard Frenák
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bačkor
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.K.)
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Nakashima S, Iwamoto T, Takanashi M, Ogawara KI, Maruyama M, Higaki K. Effect of Excessive Serotonin on Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Oral Administration: Studies with Serotonin-Excessive Model Rats. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2163-2178. [PMID: 35799082 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serotonin (5-HT) is important for gastrointestinal functions, but its role in drug absorption remains to be clarified. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics and oral absorption of cephalexin (CEX) were examined under 5-HT-excessive condition to understand the role of 5-HT. METHODS 5-HT-excessive rats were prepared by multiple intraperitoneal dosing of 5-HT and clorgyline, an inhibitor for 5-HT metabolism, and utilized to examine the pharmacokinetics, absorption behavior and the intestinal permeability for CEX. RESULTS Higher levels of 5-HT in brain, plasma and small intestines were recognized in 5-HT-excessive rats, where the oral bioavailability of CEX was significantly enhanced. The intestinal mucosal transport via passive diffusion of CEX was significantly increased, while its transport via PEPT1 was markedly decreased specifically in the jejunal segment, which was supported by the decrease in PEPT1 expression on brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal epithelial cells. Since no change in antipyrine permeability and significant increase in FITC dextran-4 permeability were observed in 5-HT-excessive rats, the enhanced permeability for CEX would be attributed to the opening of tight junction, which was supported by the significant decrease in transmucosal electrical resistance. In 5-HT-excessive rats, furthermore, total body clearance of CEX tended to be larger and the decrease in PEPT2 expression on BBM in kidneys was suggested to be one of the reasons for it. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT-excessive condition enhanced the oral bioavailability of CEX in rats, which would be attributed to the enhanced permeability across the intestinal mucosa via passive diffusion through the paracellular route even though the transport via PEPT1 was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nakashima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Global CMC Regulatory Office, Regulatory Affairs Department, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 3-2-27 Otedori Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-10021, Japan
| | - Takeharu Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police Head Quarter, 155-1 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0023, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Central Hyogo Area, Hanshin Dispensing Pharmacy, I & H Co., Ltd., 1-18 Ohmasu-cho, Ashiya, Hyogo, 659-0066, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Wu Q, Tsai HI, Zhu H, Wang D. The Entanglement between Mitochondrial DNA and Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081862. [PMID: 35454769 PMCID: PMC9028275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of cancer cells. As genetic material in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations and dysregulation of mitochondria-encoded genes have been shown to correlate with survival outcomes in cancer patients. Cancer metastasis is often a major cause of treatment failure, which is a multi-step cascade process. With the development of gene sequencing and in vivo modeling technology, the role of mtDNA in cancer metastasis has been continuously explored. Our review systematically provides a summary of the multiple roles of mtDNA in cancer metastasis and presents the broad prospects for mtDNA in cancer prediction and therapy. Abstract Mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material in mitochondria, encodes essential oxidative phosphorylation proteins and plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration and energy transfer. With the development of genome sequencing and the emergence of novel in vivo modeling techniques, the role of mtDNA in cancer biology is gaining more attention. Abnormalities of mtDNA result in not only mitochondrial dysfunction of the the cancer cells and malignant behaviors, but regulation of the tumor microenvironment, which becomes more aggressive. Here, we review the recent progress in the regulation of cancer metastasis using mtDNA and the underlying mechanisms, which may identify opportunities for finding novel cancer prediction and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
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Eneberg E, Jones C, Jensen T, Langthaler K, Bundgaard C. Practical Application of Rodent Transporter Knockout Models to assess Brain Penetration in Drug Discovery. Drug Metab Lett 2022; 15:12-21. [PMID: 35196975 DOI: 10.2174/1872312815666220222091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Compound X is a drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Its brain distribution was evaluated as part of the lead identification and optimization of early drug discovery. METHODS The brain distribution of compound X was studied in genetic transporter knockout rodent models, in vivo models with a chemical inhibitor and in vitro transporter cell systems. RESULTS Compound X was found to be a substrate for human Breast Cancer-Resistance Protein (BCRP) in vitro (efflux ratio 8.1) and rodent Bcrp in vivo (Kp,uuKO/Kp,uuWT = 0.15/0.057 = 2.7, p < 0.05) but not a substrate for human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro (efflux ratio 1.0) nor rodent P-gp in vivo (Kp,uuKO/Kp,uuWT = 0.056/0.051 = 1.1, p > 0.05). When both transporters were knocked out in vivo, Kp,uu increased to 0.51 ± 0.02. Similar patterns observed across compounds with related chemistry corroborated structure-activity relationship. CONCLUSION While in vitro assays showed compound X to be a substrate for human BCRP and not P-gp, in vivo studies indicated a synergistic effect between rodent efflux transporters. However, this only accounted for ~50% of restricted BBB-transport, suggesting involvement from other efflux transporters. Given Kp,uu is a key criterion for assessing technical quality of CNS candidates before progression into clinical development, it is important to identify relevant screening assays for a better understanding of low Kp,uu and brain distribution in pre-clinical models for translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Eneberg
- Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher Jones
- Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jensen
- Medicinal Chemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mukai H, Takanashi M, Ogawara KI, Maruyama M, Higaki K. Possible Regulation of P-glycoprotein Function by Adrenergic Agonists in a Vascular-luminal Perfused Preparation of Small Intestine. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3889-3895. [PMID: 34530005 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the functions of small intestine are largely regulated by enteric nervous system (ENS), an independent intrinsic innervation, as well as central nervous system (CNS), the neural regulation of drug absorption from the small intestine still remains to be clarified. To obtain some information on it, the effect of adrenergic agonists on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function was investigated by utilizing a vascular-luminal perfused rat small intestine. Adrenaline significantly decreased the secretion of rhodamine-123 (R-123) into the intestinal lumen, but dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) significantly enhanced R-123 secretion. The inhibition study with quinidine clearly indicated that the decrease in secretory clearance of R-123 by adrenaline or the increase by DBcAMP would be attributed to the decrease or increase in P-gp activity, respectively. Expression levels of P-gp in whole mucosal homogenates were not changed at all by any chemicals examined, but those on brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal epithelial cells were significantly decreased or increased by adrenaline or DBcAMP, respectively. Furthermore, changes in P-gp activity caused by adrenergic agonists and DBcAMP were significantly correlated with changes in expression level of P-gp in BBM, suggesting that the trafficking of P-gp from cytosolic pool to BBM would be regulated by adrenergic agonists and DBcAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mukai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Production Department, Odawara Central Factory, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 676-1 Kuwahara, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0861, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Central Hyogo Area, Hanshin Dispensing Pharmacy, I & H Co., Ltd., 1-18 Ohmasu-cho, Ashiya, Hyogo 659-0066, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Shalgunov V, Xiong M, L'Estrade ET, Raval NR, Andersen IV, Edgar FG, Speth NR, Baerentzen SL, Hansen HD, Donovan LL, Nasser A, Peitersen ST, Kjaer A, Knudsen GM, Syvänen S, Palner M, Herth MM. Blocking of efflux transporters in rats improves translational validation of brain radioligands. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:124. [PMID: 33074370 PMCID: PMC7572968 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that can be used to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of drugs. Initial preclinical evaluation of PET tracers is often conducted in rodents due to the accessibility of disease models as well as economic considerations. Compared to larger species, rodents display a higher expression and/or activity of efflux transporters such as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Low brain uptake could, therefore, be species-specific and uptake in rodents not be predictive for that in humans. We hypothesized that a better prediction from rodent data could be achieved when a tracer is evaluated under P-gp inhibition. Consequently, we compared the performance of eight neuroreceptor tracers in rats with and without P-gp inhibition including a specific binding blockade. This data set was then used to predict the binding of these eight tracers in pigs. Methods PET tracers targeting serotonin 5-HT2A receptors ([18F]MH.MZ, [18F]Altanserin, [11C]Cimbi-36, [11C]Pimavanserin), serotonin 5-HT7 receptors ([11C]Cimbi-701, [11C]Cimbi-717 and [11C]BA-10) and dopamine D2/3 receptors ([18F]Fallypride) were used in the study. The brain uptake and target-specific binding of these PET radiotracers were evaluated in rats with and without inhibition of P-gp. Rat data were subsequently compared to the results obtained in pigs. Results Without P-gp inhibition, the amount of target-specific binding in the rat brain was sufficient to justify further translation for three out of eight evaluated tracers. With P-gp inhibition, results for five out of eight tracers justified further translation. The performance in pigs could correctly be predicted for six out of eight tracers when rat data obtained under P-gp inhibition were used, compared to four out of eight tracers without P-gp inhibition. Conclusions P-gp strongly affects the uptake of PET tracers in rodents, but false prediction outcomes can be reduced by evaluating a tracer under P-gp inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mengfei Xiong
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elina T L'Estrade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nakul R Raval
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fraser G Edgar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj R Speth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone L Baerentzen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lene L Donovan
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arafat Nasser
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siv T Peitersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Palner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Mellado M, Espinoza L, Madrid A, Mella J, Chávez-Weisser E, Diaz K, Cuellar M. Design, synthesis, antifungal activity, and structure-activity relationship studies of chalcones and hybrid dihydrochromane-chalcones. Mol Divers 2019; 24:603-615. [PMID: 31161394 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of ten chalcones (7a-j) and five new dihydrochromane-chalcone hybrids (7k-o) were synthesized and identified using spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR, and MS). All compounds were evaluated in vitro against the B. cinerea and M. fructicola phytopathogens that affect a wide range of crops of commercial interest. All compounds were tested against both phytopathogens using the mycelial growth inhibition test, and it was found that two and five compounds had similar activity to that of the positive control for B. cinerea (7a = 43.9, 7c = 45.5, and Captan®= 24.8 µg/mL) and M. fructicola (7a = 48.5, 7d = 78.2, 7e = 56.1, 7f = 51.8, 7n = 63.2, and Mystic®= 21.6 µg/mL), respectively. To understand the key chalcone structural features for the antifungal activity on B. cinerea and M. fructicola, we developed structure-activity models with good statistical values (r2 and q2 higher than 0.8). For B. cinerea, the hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor and the atomic charge on C5 modulate the mycelial growth inhibition activity. In contrast, dipole moment and atomic charge on C1' and the carbonyl carbon modify the inhibition activity for M. fructicola. These results allow the design of other compounds with activities superior to those of the compounds obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mellado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad #330, Curauma, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Eduardo Chávez-Weisser
- Departamento Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Ruta 68 #19100 (Km. 12), Pudahuel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katy Diaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Cuellar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaiso, Chile
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10
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Schlessinger A, Welch MA, van Vlijmen H, Korzekwa K, Swaan PW, Matsson P. Molecular Modeling of Drug-Transporter Interactions-An International Transporter Consortium Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:818-835. [PMID: 29981151 PMCID: PMC6197929 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters play diverse roles in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of small-molecule drugs. Understanding the mechanisms of drug-transporter interactions at the molecular level is, therefore, essential for the design of drugs with optimal therapeutic effects. This white paper examines recent progress, applications, and challenges of molecular modeling of membrane transporters, including modeling techniques that are centered on the structures of transporter ligands, and those focusing on the structures of the transporters. The goals of this article are to illustrate current best practices and future opportunities in using molecular modeling techniques to understand and predict transporter-mediated effects on drug disposition and efficacy.Membrane transporters from the solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamilies regulate the cellular uptake, efflux, and homeostasis of many essential nutrients and significantly impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs; further, they may provide targets for novel therapeutics as well as facilitate prodrug approaches. Because of their often broad substrate selectivity they are also implicated in many undesirable and sometimes life-threatening drug-drug interactions (DDIs).5,6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Matthew A. Welch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Herman van Vlijmen
- Computational Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ken Korzekwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W. Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Sweden
,Address correspondence to: Pär Matsson, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden, Phone: +46-(0)18-471 46 30, Fax: +46-(0)18-471 42 23,
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11
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Mellado M, Madrid A, Reyna M, Weinstein-Oppenheimer C, Mella J, Salas CO, Sánchez E, Cuellar M. Synthesis of chalcones with antiproliferative activity on the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line: Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Models. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Ferreira A, Rodrigues M, Fortuna A, Falcão A, Alves G. Flavonoid compounds as reversing agents of the P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance: An in vitro evaluation with focus on antiepileptic drugs. Food Res Int 2018; 103:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Ehrhardt C, Bäckman P, Couet W, Edwards C, Forbes B, Fridén M, Gumbleton M, Hosoya KI, Kato Y, Nakanishi T, Takano M, Terasaki T, Yumoto R. Current Progress Toward a Better Understanding of Drug Disposition Within the Lungs: Summary Proceedings of the First Workshop on Drug Transporters in the Lungs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2234-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Cytochrome P450/ABC transporter inhibition simultaneously enhances ivermectin pharmacokinetics in the mammal host and pharmacodynamics in Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8535. [PMID: 28819225 PMCID: PMC5561046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass administration of endectocides, drugs that kill blood-feeding arthropods, has been proposed as a complementary strategy to reduce malaria transmission. Ivermectin is one of the leading candidates given its excellent safety profile. Here we provide proof that the effect of ivermectin can be boosted at two different levels by drugs inhibiting the cytochrome or ABC transporter in the mammal host and the target mosquitoes. Using a mini-pig model, we show that drug-mediated cytochrome P450/ABC transporter inhibition results in a 3-fold increase in the time ivermectin remains above mosquito-killing concentrations. In contrast, P450/ABC transporter induction with rifampicin markedly impaired ivermectin absorption. The same ketoconazole-mediated cytochrome/ABC transporter inhibition also occurs outside the mammal host and enhances the mortality of Anopheles gambiae. This was proven by using the samples from the mini-pig experiments to conduct an ex-vivo synergistic bioassay by membrane-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes. Inhibiting the same cytochrome/xenobiotic pump complex in two different organisms to simultaneously boost the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of a drug is a novel concept that could be applied to other systems. Although the lack of a dose-response effect in the synergistic bioassay warrants further exploration, our study may have broad implications for the control of parasitic and vector-borne diseases.
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15
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Mittra R, Pavy M, Subramanian N, George AM, O'Mara ML, Kerr ID, Callaghan R. Location of contact residues in pharmacologically distinct drug binding sites on P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 123:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Shi C, Tong Q, Fang J, Wang C, Wu J, Wang W. Preparation, characterization and in vivo studies of amorphous solid dispersion of berberine with hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 74:11-7. [PMID: 25861719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, a pure crystalline quaternary ammonium salt with the basic structure of isoquinoline alkaloid, has multiple pharmacological bioactivities. But the poor bioavailability of berberine limited its wide clinical applications. In the present study, we aimed to develop an amorphous solid dispersion of berberine with hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC) in order to improve its bioavailability. The physical characterization studies such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to characterize the formation of amorphous berberine HPC solid dispersion (BHPC-SD). The everted intestinal sac and single-pass intestinal perfusion study proved that permeability and intestinal absorption of amorphous BHPC-SD was improved compared with that of pure crystalline berberine, and the pharmacokinetic study results demonstrated that the extent of bioavailability was significantly increased as well. However, the dissolution study indicated that the aqueous cumulative dissolution percentages of berberine remained unchanged or even lower by means of preparation into solid dispersion with HPC. Therefore, according to the previous mechanistic studies, the present results supported that it is the enhanced molecularly dissolved concentration (supersaturation) of berberine by transformation from crystalline structure into amorphous solid dispersions that triggers the enhanced permeability, and consequently results in the improved intestinal absorption and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhou Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Erić S, Kalinić M, Ilić K, Zloh M. Computational classification models for predicting the interaction of drugs with P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:939-966. [PMID: 25435255 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.976265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are two members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters which function as membrane efflux transporters and display considerable substrate promiscuity. Both are known to significantly influence the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs, mediate drug-drug interactions and contribute to multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. Correspondingly, timely characterization of the interaction of novel leads and drug candidates with these two transporters is of great importance. In this study, several computational classification models for prediction of transport and inhibition of P-gp and BCRP, respectively, were developed based on newly compiled and critically evaluated experimental data. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) ensemble based models were explored, as well as knowledge-based approaches to descriptor selection. The average overall classification accuracy of best performing models was 82% for P-gp transport, 88% for BCRP transport, 89% for P-gp inhibition and 87% for BCRP inhibition, determined across an array of different test sets. An analysis of substrate overlap between P-gp and BCRP was also performed. The accuracy, simplicity and interpretability of the proposed models suggest that they could be of significant utility in the drug discovery and development settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Erić
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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18
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L-1416, a novel MDR reversing agent with possible reduced calcium antagonism. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Heckler R, Almeida G, Santos L, Borges D, Neves J, Onizuka M, Borges F. P-gp modulating drugs greatly potentiate the in vitro effect of ivermectin against resistant larvae of Haemonchus placei. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Deng J, Jia X, Zhou J, Lv H. Solid dispersion of berberine–phospholipid complex/TPGS 1000/SiO2: preparation, characterization and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:306-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Zhu T, Chen J, Yang J. Some substrates of P-glycoprotein targeting <i>β</i>-amyloid clearance by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)/membrane-interaction (MI)-QSAR analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.49116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Sen'kova AV, Mironova NL, Patutina OA, Ageeva TA, Zenkova MA. The Toxic Effects of Polychemotherapy onto the Liver Are Accelerated by the Upregulated MDR of Lymphosarcoma. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:721612. [PMID: 23251817 PMCID: PMC3517856 DOI: 10.5402/2012/721612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor therapy of hematological malignancies is impeded due to the high toxicity of polychemotherapy toward liver and increasing multiple drug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells under the pressure of polychemotherapy. These two problems can augment each other and significantly reduce the efficiency of antineoplastic therapy. We studied the combined effect of polychemotherapy and upregulated MDR of lymphosarcoma RLS(40) onto the liver of experimental mice using two treatment schemes. Scheme 1 is artificial: the tumor was subjected to four courses of polychemotherapy while the liver of the tumor-bearing mice was exposed to only one. This was achieved by threefold tumor retransplantation taken from animals subjected to chemotherapy into intact animals. Scheme 2 displays "real-life" status of patients with MDR malignancies: both the tumor and the liver of tumor-bearing mice were subjected to three sequential courses of polychemotherapy. Our data show that the strengthening of MDR phenotype of RLS(40) under polychemotherapy and toxic pressure of polychemotherapy itself has a synergistic damaging effect on the liver that is expressed in the accumulation of destructive changes in the liver tissue, the reduction of the regeneration capacity of the liver, and increasing of Pgp expression on the surface of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Sen'kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia ; Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasnyi Prospect 52, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
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23
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Zhang C, Kwan P, Zuo Z, Baum L. The transport of antiepileptic drugs by P-glycoprotein. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:930-42. [PMID: 22197850 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common serious chronic neurological disorder. Current data show that one-third of patients do not respond to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Most non-responsive epilepsy patients are resistant to several, often all, AEDs, even though the drugs differ from each other in pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and interaction potential. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance of epilepsy patients are still not clear. In recent years, one of the potential mechanisms interesting researchers is over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, also known as ABCB1 or MDR1) in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in epilepsy patients. P-gp plays a central role in drug absorption and distribution in many organisms. The expression of P-gp is greater in drug-resistant than in drug-responsive patients. Some studies also indicate that several AEDs are substrates or inhibitors of P-gp, implying that P-gp may play an important role in drug resistance in refractory epilepsy. In this article, we review the clinical and laboratory evidence that P-gp expression is increased in epileptic brain tissues and that AEDs are substrates of P-gp in vitro and in vivo. We discuss criteria for identifying the substrate status of AEDs and use structure-activity relationship (SAR) models to predict which AEDs act as P-gp substrates.
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24
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Xie H, Zeng L, Zeng S, Lu X, Zhang G, Zhao X, Cheng N, Tu Z, Li Z, Xu H, Yang L, Zhang X, Huang M, Zhao J, Hu W. Novel pyrrolopyrimidine analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors based on pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Discovery of loperamide as an antagonist of angiopoietin1 and angiopoietin2 by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2388-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ghose AK, Herbertz T, Hudkins RL, Dorsey BD, Mallamo JP. Knowledge-Based, Central Nervous System (CNS) Lead Selection and Lead Optimization for CNS Drug Discovery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:50-68. [PMID: 22267984 PMCID: PMC3260741 DOI: 10.1021/cn200100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major area that
is affected
by aging. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease
(PD), brain cancer, and stroke are the CNS diseases that will cost
trillions of dollars for their treatment. Achievement of appropriate
blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration is often considered a
significant hurdle in the CNS drug discovery process. On the other
hand, BBB penetration may be a liability for many of the non-CNS drug
targets, and a clear understanding of the physicochemical and structural
differences between CNS and non-CNS drugs may assist both research
areas. Because of the numerous and challenging issues in CNS drug
discovery and the low success rates, pharmaceutical companies are
beginning to deprioritize their drug discovery efforts in the CNS
arena. Prompted by these challenges and to aid in the design of high-quality,
efficacious CNS compounds, we analyzed the physicochemical property
and the chemical structural profiles of 317 CNS and 626 non-CNS oral
drugs. The conclusions derived provide an ideal property profile for
lead selection and the property modification strategy during the lead
optimization process. A list of substructural units that may be useful
for CNS drug design was also provided here. A classification tree
was also developed to differentiate between CNS drugs and non-CNS
oral drugs. The combined analysis provided the following guidelines
for designing high-quality CNS drugs: (i) topological molecular polar
surface area of <76 Å2 (25–60 Å2), (ii) at least one (one or two, including one aliphatic
amine) nitrogen, (iii) fewer than seven (two to four) linear chains
outside of rings, (iv) fewer than three (zero or one) polar hydrogen
atoms, (v) volume of 740–970 Å3, (vi) solvent
accessible surface area of 460–580 Å2, and
(vii) positive QikProp parameter CNS. The ranges within parentheses
may be used during lead optimization. One violation to this proposed
profile may be acceptable. The chemoinformatics approaches for graphically
analyzing multiple properties efficiently are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup K. Ghose
- Department
of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester,
Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Torsten Herbertz
- Department
of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester,
Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Robert L. Hudkins
- Department
of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester,
Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Bruce D. Dorsey
- Department
of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester,
Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - John P. Mallamo
- Department
of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester,
Pennsylvania 19380, United States
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27
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Wei DD, Wang JS, Kong LY. Reversal Effects of Components from the Fruits of Illicium simonsii on Human Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant Bel7402 Cells. Phytother Res 2011; 26:562-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing; PR China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing; PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing; PR China
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28
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Wu CP, Ohnuma S, Ambudkar SV. Discovering natural product modulators to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:609-20. [PMID: 21118092 DOI: 10.2174/138920111795163887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance caused by the overexpression of ABC drug transporters is a major obstacle in clinical cancer chemotherapy. For several years, it appeared that direct inhibition of ABC transporters would be the cheapest and most efficient way to combat this problem. Unfortunately, progress in finding a potent, selective inhibitor to modulate ABC transporters and restore drug sensitivity in multidrug-resistant cancer cells has been slow and challenging. Candidate drugs should ideally be selective, potent and relatively non-toxic. Many researchers in recent years have turned their attention to utilizing natural products as the building blocks for the development of the next generation of inhibitors, especially after the disappointing results obtained from inhibitors of the first three generations at the clinical trial stage. The first step is to discover natural substances (distinct from the first three generation inhibitors) that are potent, selective and relatively non-toxic in order to be used clinically. Here, we present a brief overview of the prospect of using natural products to modulate the function of ABC drug transporters clinically and their impact on human physiology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Kothandan G, Gadhe CG, Madhavan T, Choi CH, Cho SJ. Docking and 3D-QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) studies of flavones, the potent inhibitors of p-glycoprotein targeting the nucleotide binding domain. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4078-88. [PMID: 21723648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the interactions between flavones and P-gp, in silico methodologies such as docking and 3D-QSAR were performed. CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses were done using ligand based and receptor guided alignment schemes. Validation statistics include leave-one-out cross-validated R(2) (q(2)), internal prediction parameter by progressive scrambling (Q(*2)), external prediction with test set. They show that models derived from this study are quite robust. Ligand based CoMFA (q(2) = 0.747, Q(*2) = 0.639, r(pred)(2)=0.802) and CoMSIA model (q(2) = 0.810, Q(*2) = 0.676, r(pred)(2)=0.785) were developed using atom by atom matching. Receptor guided CoMFA (q(2) = 0.712, Q(*2) = 0.497, r(pred)(2) = 0.841) and for CoMSIA (q(2) = 0.805, Q(*2) = 0.589, r(pred)(2) = 0.937) models were developed by docking of highly active flavone into the proposed NBD (nucleotide binding domain) of P-gp. The 3D-QSAR models generated here predicted that hydrophobic and steric parameters are important for activity toward P-gp. Our studies indicate the important amino acid in NBD crucial for binding in accordance with the previous results. This site forms a hydrophobic site. Since flavonoids have potential without toxicity, we propose to inspect this hydrophobic site including Asn1043 and Asp1049 should be considered for future inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugan Kothandan
- Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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30
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Liang H, Bender A, Glen RC, Yan A. P-glycoprotein substrate models using support vector machines based on a comprehensive data set. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1447-56. [PMID: 21604677 DOI: 10.1021/ci2001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the major ABC transporters and involved in many essential processes such as lipid and steroid transport across cell membranes but also in the uptake of drugs such as HIV protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Despite its importance, reliable models predicting substrates of P-gp are scarce. In this study, we have built several computational models to predict whether or not a compound is a P-gp substrate, based on the largest data set yet published, employing 332 distinct structures. Each molecule is represented by ADRIANA.Code, MOE, and ECFP_4 fingerprint descriptors. The models are computed using a support vector machine based on a training set which includes 131 substrates and 81 nonsubstrates that were evaluated by 5-, 10-fold, and leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation. The best model gives a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.73 and a prediction accuracy of 0.88 on the test set. Examination of the model based on ECFP_4 fingerprints revealed several substructures which could have significance in separating substrates and nonsubstrates of P-gp, such as the nitrile and sulfoxide functional groups which have a higher frequency in nonsubstrates than in substrates. In addition structural isomerism in sugars was found to result in remarkable differences regarding the likelihood of a compound to be a substrate for P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P R China
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31
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Zarrin A, Mehdipour AR, Miri R. Dihydropyridines and multidrug resistance: previous attempts, present state, and future trends. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 76:369-81. [PMID: 20925689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is defined as the resistance of a tumor cell to the cytotoxic action of divergent drugs used in chemotherapy. Dihydropyridines are a class of calcium channel antagonists that were discovered to have a multidrug resistance reversing effect and prompted investigations resulting in the synthesis of hundreds of new derivatives. Most of the investigators tried to achieve two goals: a decrease in Ca²(+) channel-blocking activity and an increase in the multidrug resistance reversing effect. Most of the synthesized compounds failed in the later stages of studies especially in clinical trials because of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic limitations. Therefore, it will be necessary to include new methods, such as combinatorial synthesis, and, more importantly, to apply computational methods based on global structure-activity relationship models that consider all problems. Moreover, some compounds should be synthesized that are effective on several multidrug resistance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhossein Zarrin
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Gumbleton M, Al-Jayyoussi G, Crandon-Lewis A, Francombe D, Kreitmeyr K, Morris CJ, Smith MW. Spatial expression and functionality of drug transporters in the intact lung: objectives for further research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:110-8. [PMID: 20868712 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This commentary provides a background appraising evidence in the intact lung on the spatial expression of drug transporters and, where available, evidence in the intact lung of the impact, or otherwise, that such transporters can have upon pulmonary drug absorption and disposition. Ultimately drug discovery and development scientists will wish to identify in a 'pulmonary' context the effect of disease upon transporter function, the potential for drug transporters to contribute to drug-drug interactions and to inter-individual variation in drug handling and response. The rate and extent of lung epithelial permeation of drugs involve an interplay between the dose and the deposition site of drug within the lung and physiological variables operational at the epithelial-luminal interface. Amongst the latter variables is the potential impact of active transporter processes which may well display regio-selective characteristics along the epithelial tract. In pulmonary tissues the spatial pattern of drug transporter expression is generally poorly defined and the functional significance of transporters within the intact lung is explored in only a limited manner. Active transporters in the lung epithelium may affect airway residence times of drug, modulate access of drug to intracellular targets and to submucosal lung tissue, and potentially influence airway to systemic drug absorption profiles. Transporters in the lung tissue may also have the capacity to mediate uptake of drug from the systemic circulation resulting in drug accumulation in the lung. Transporters have physiological roles and new drug candidates while not necessarily serving as transport substrates may modulate transporter activity and hence physiology. The commentary highlights a series of recommendations for further work in pulmonary drug transporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gumbleton
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, United Kingdom.
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Patton JS, Brain JD, Davies LA, Fiegel J, Gumbleton M, Kim KJ, Sakagami M, Vanbever R, Ehrhardt C. The Particle has Landed—Characterizing the Fate of Inhaled Pharmaceuticals. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2010; 23 Suppl 2:S71-87. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2010.0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee A. Davies
- Gene Medicine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Fiegel
- Colleges of Pharmacy and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masahiro Sakagami
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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34
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Khan S, Elshaer A, Rahman AS, Hanson P, Perrie Y, Mohammed AR. Genomic evaluation during permeability of indomethacin and its solid dispersion. J Drug Target 2010; 19:615-23. [PMID: 21080758 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.531730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance was first identified in cancer cells that express proteins known as multidrug resistance proteins that extrude the therapeutic agents out of the cells resulting in alteration of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and pharmacodynamics of drugs. To this end studies were carried out to investigate the role of pharmacological inhibitors and pharmaceutical excipients with a primary focus on P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of this study was to investigate holistic changes in transporter gene expression during permeability upon formulation of indomethacin as solid dispersion. Initial characterization studies of solid dispersion of indomethacin showed that the drug was dispersed within the carrier in amorphous form. Analysis of permeability data across Caco-2 monolayers revealed that drug absorption increased by 4-fold when reformulated as solid dispersion. The last phase of the work involved investigation of gene expression changes of transporter genes during permeability. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression of both ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes as well as solute carrier transporter (SLC) genes suggesting that the inclusion of polyethylene glycol as well as changes in molecular form of drug from crystalline to amorphous have a significant bearing on the expression of transporter network genes resulting in differences in drug permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Khan
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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35
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Papyriferic acid derivatives as reversal agents of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2964-75. [PMID: 20363142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Forty-one derivatives of papyriferic acid were prepared based on our previous finding that methyl papyriferate (3) showed potent reversing effect on cytotoxicity of colchicine against multidrug resistance (MDR) human cancer cells (KB-C2), and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and effect on reversing P-gp-mediated MDR against KB-C2 cells. 3-O-(Morpholino-beta-oxopropanoyl)-12beta-acetoxy-3alpha,25-dihydroxy-(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane (37) significantly increased the sensitivity of colchicine against KB-C2 cells by 185-fold at 5microg/mL (7.4microM), and the cytotoxicity of colchicine was recovered to nearly that of sensitive (KB) cells. The other several new amide derivatives also exhibited potent reversal activity comparable to or more potent than methyl papyriferate and verapamil.
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36
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Foroughinia F, Javidnia K, Amirghofran Z, Mehdipour A, Miri R. Design and synthesis of new symmetrical derivatives of dihydropyridine containing a pyridyl group on the 3, 5-positions and evaluation of their cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.11.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Today, chemotherapy is an important part in the treatment of several kinds of cancer; however, the development of drug resistance remains one of the major obstacles in successful chemotherapy. Several types of agents have been recognized as multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibitors, among which the 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) have been investigated the most. P-glycoprotein inhibition has been reported as the main MDR reversal mechanism of DHPs, whilst other mechanisms such as inhibition of topoisomerase II have received less attention. Therefore, in this study new derivatives of DHP have been synthesized. Their cytotoxic activity and their effects in reversing atypical MDR have been evaluated. The results confirmed the appropriate effect of these compounds on atypical MDR. Although it was observed that these compounds had a moderate cytotoxic effect, the cytotoxicity of one compound on the K562 cell line (IC50 = 6.61 μM) was comparable with that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 4.17 μM). Finally, the Ca2+-channel antagonistic activity, an undesired effect for these compounds, was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Foroughinia
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katayoun Javidnia
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Mehdipour
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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37
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Manford F, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Spina D, Page CP, Hutt AJ, Moore V, Johansson F, Forbes B. Lack of difference in pulmonary absorption of digoxin, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in mdr1a-deficient and mdr1a-competent mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.10.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although in-vitro experiments have suggested that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may have an important influence on the disposition of inhaled drugs, the effect of P-gp on absorption from the lung in-vivo has not been reported previously. The aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary absorption of digoxin, a well-characterised substrate for P-gp, in mdr1a (–/–) (P-gp-deficient) and mdr1a (+/+) (P-gp-competent) mice. Digoxin was administered by intratracheal instillation over 3–4 s, a method demonstrated to result in dispersion of the dose to all regions of the lung. Drug distribution was determined in the lungs, plasma, brain, heart, liver and kidney of individual mice after 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 min. Digoxin was cleared rapidly from the lung after intratracheal administration. No differences were observed in the maximum serum concentrations between mdr1a (+/+) and mdr1a (–/–) mice (37.8 ± 6.9 and 38.8 ± 15.8 ng mL−1, respectively). The serum concentration versus time profiles were similar in both strains; the area under the drug serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 2010 and 1812 ng mL−1 min in mdr1a (–/–) and mdr1a (+/+) mice, respectively. For organs harvested at the end of the experiment (90 min), the only significant difference between the strains was the markedly elevated concentration of digoxin in the brains of mdr1a (–/–) mice. In conclusion, digoxin is rapidly absorbed from the mouse lung following tracheal instillation, with no difference in the rate or extent of absorption between mdr1a-deficient and -competent mice. This suggests that, in contrast to the scenario suggested by in-vitro data, P-gp in the respiratory epithelium may have little influence on the disposition of drugs that are well absorbed from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Manford
- King's College London, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Yanira Riffo-Vasquez
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 5th floor Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Domenico Spina
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 5th floor Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Clive P Page
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 5th floor Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Hutt
- King's College London, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Moore
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Ben Forbes
- King's College London, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
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38
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Varshosaz J, Eskandari S, Tabakhian M. Production and optimization of valproic acid nanostructured lipid carriers by the Taguchi design. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 15:89-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903013568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Doxorubicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:210-3. [PMID: 20060074 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present study we developed doxorubicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-Dox) using biocompatible compounds, assessed the in vitro hemolytic effect, and examined their in vivo effects on drug retention and apoptosis intensity in P-glycoprotein-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR cells, a representative Dox-resistant breast cancer cell line. Our SLNs did not show hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes. In comparison with Dox, SLN-Dox efficiently enhanced apoptotic cell death through the higher accumulation of Dox in MCF-7/ADR cells. Therefore, SLN-Dox have potential to serve as a useful therapeutic approach to overcome the chemoresistance of adriamycin-resistant breast cancer. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Doxorubicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-Dox) were studied in a cell line representative of doxorubicin resistant breast cancer. The nanoparticles did not show hemolytic activity; furthermore, they efficiently enhanced apoptotic cell death through higher accumulation of doxorubicin in cancer cells. This approach may be viable in overcoming the chemoresistance of adriamycin resistant breast cancer.
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40
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Souto EB, Müller RH. Lipid nanoparticles: effect on bioavailability and pharmacokinetic changes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:115-41. [PMID: 20217528 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of pharmaceutical technology research is the design of successful formulations for effective therapy, taking into account several issues including therapeutic requirements and patient compliance. In this regard, several achievements have been reported with colloidal carriers, in particular with lipid nanoparticles, due to their unique physicochemical properties. For several years these carriers have been showing potential success for several administration routes, namely oral, dermal, parenteral, and, more recently, for pulmonary and brain targeting. The present chapter provides a review of the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to modify the release profile and the pharmacokinetic parameters of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) incorporated in these lipid matrices, aiming to modify the API bioavailability, either upwards or downwards depending on the therapeutic requirement. Definitions of the morphological characteristics, surface properties, and polymorphic structures will also be given, emphasizing their influence on the incorporation parameters of the API, such as yield of production, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, P-4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
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41
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Marathe PH, Rodrigues AD. Examination of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein-mediated drug-drug interactions using animal models. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:385-403. [PMID: 19949933 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of polytherapy for cancer treatment it has become prudent to minimize, as much as possible, the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDI). Toward this end, the metabolic and transporter pathways involved in the disposition of a drug candidate (phenotyping) and potential for inhibition and induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are evaluated in vitro. Such in vitro human data can be made available prior to human dosing and enable in vitro to in vivo-based predictions of clinical outcomes. Despite some success, however, in vitro systems are not dynamic and sometimes fail to predict drug-drug interactions for a variety of reasons. In comparison, relatively less effort has been made to evaluate predictions based on data derived from in vivo animal models. This chapter will attempt to summarize different examples from the literature where animal models have been used to predict cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)- and P-glycoprotein-based DDI. When employing data from animal models one needs to be aware of species differences in enzyme- and transporter-activity leading to differences in pharmacokinetics, clearance pathways as well as species differences in selectivity and affinity of probe substrates and inhibitors. Because of these differences, in vivo animal studies alone, cannot be predictive of human DDI. Despite these caveats, the information obtained from validated in vivo animal models may prove useful when used in conjunction with in vitro-in vivo extrapolation methods. Such an integrated data set can be used to select drug candidates with a reduced DDI potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit H Marathe
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, USA.
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42
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43
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Huang L, Berry L, Ganga S, Janosky B, Chen A, Roberts J, Colletti AE, Lin MHJ. Relationship between Passive Permeability, Efflux, and Predictability of Clearance from In Vitro Metabolic Intrinsic Clearance. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:223-31. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.029066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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44
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Abstract
The prominent role for the drug efflux pump ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) in mediating resistance to chemotherapy was first suggested in 1976 and sparked an incredible drive to restore the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Achieving this goal seemed inevitable in 1982 when a series of calcium channel blockers were demonstrated to restore the efficacy of chemotherapy agents. A large number of other compounds have since been demonstrated to restore chemotherapeutic sensitivity in cancer cells or tissues. Where do we stand almost three decades since the first reports of ABCB1 inhibition? Unfortunately, in the aftermath of extensive fundamental and clinical research efforts the situation remains gloomy. Only a small handful of compounds have reached late stage clinical trials and none are in routine clinical usage to circumvent chemoresistance. Why has the translation process been so ineffective? One factor is the multifactorial nature of drug resistance inherent to cancer tissues; ABCB1 is not the sole factor. However, expression of ABCB1 remains a significant negative prognostic indicator and is closely associated with poor response to chemotherapy in many cancer types. The main difficulties with restoration of sensitivity to chemotherapy reside with poor properties of the ABCB1 inhibitors: (1) low selectivity to ABCB1, (2) poor potency to inhibit ABCB1, (3) inherent toxicity and/or (4) adverse pharmacokinetic interactions with anticancer drugs. Despite these difficulties, there is a clear requirement for effective inhibitors and to date the strategies for generating such compounds have involved serendipity or simple chemical syntheses. This chapter outlines more sophisticated approaches making use of bioinformatics, combinatorial chemistry and structure informed drug design. Generating a new arsenal of potent and selective ABCB1 inhibitors offers the promise of restoring the efficacy of a key weapon in cancer treatment--chemotherapy.
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45
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Ramalhete C, Molnár J, Mulhovo S, Rosário VE, Ferreira MJU. New potent P-glycoprotein modulators with the cucurbitane scaffold and their synergistic interaction with doxorubicin on resistant cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6942-51. [PMID: 19733087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The novel cucurbitacins, balsaminagenin A and B (1-2) and balsaminoside A (3) and the know cucurbitacin karavelagenin C (4), together with five new mono or diacylated derivatives (5-9) of karavelagenin C were evaluated for multidrug resistance reversing activity on human MDR1 gene transfected mouse lymphoma cells. Compounds 2-6 exhibited a strong activity compared with that of the positive control, verapamil. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Moreover, in the checkerboard model of combination chemotherapy, the interaction between doxorubicin and compounds 2-5 synergistically enhanced the effect of the anticancer drug. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from the aerial parts of Momordica balsamina L. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ramalhete
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
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46
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Desino KE, Pignatello R, Guccione S, Basile L, Ansar S, Michaelis ML, Ramsay RR, Audus KL. TCP-FA4: a derivative of tranylcypromine showing improved blood-brain permeability. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1412-7. [PMID: 19679106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A variety of approaches have been taken to improve the brain penetration of pharmaceutical agents. The amphipathic character of a compound can improve its interaction with the lipid bilayer within cell membranes, and as a result improve permeability. Fatty acid chains or lipoamino acids of various lengths were attached to tranylcypromine (TCP), in an attempt to improve the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by increasing the lipophilicity as well as the amphiphatic character of the drug. TCP-FA4, one of the derivatives containing a four carbon alkyl acid chain, showed the greatest improvement in permeability. This molecule was slightly neuroprotective in a beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration assay and may also be capable of upregulating brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as indicated by cell culture assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Since decreased levels of BDNF are observed in many CNS disorders, and direct injection of BDNF is not a viable option due to its poor permeability across the BBB, small molecules capable of regulating BDNF that also cross the BBB may be an interesting treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Desino
- The University of Kansas, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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47
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Xing L, Hu Y, Lai Y. Advancement of structure-activity relationship of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 interactions. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:406-13. [PMID: 19495992 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is mainly expressed in the apical phase of barrier membranes. It functions as a critical efflux pump in the biliary excretion of endogenous substances, such as conjugated bilirubin and bile salts, as well as many structurally diverse xenobiotics and their metabolites. Due to its important role in defining ADME/Tox properties, efforts have emerged to build the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for MRP2/ABCC2 at early stages of drug discovery process. MRP2/ABCC2 is a member of the integral membrane protein family whose high-resolution crystal structure has not been described. To overcome the obstacle of lacking detailed structural depiction, various molecular modeling approaches have been applied to derive the structural requirements for binding interactions with MRP2/ABCC2 protein, including two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) quantitative SAR (QSAR) analysis, pharmacophore models, and homology modeling of the transporter. Here we summarize recent progresses in understanding the SAR of MRP2/ABCC2 recognition of substrates and/or inhibitors, and describe some of the useful in vitro tools for characterizing the interactions with the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xing
- St Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Balaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
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Hamidovic A, Hahn K, Kolesar J. Clinical significance of ABCB1 genotyping in oncology. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2009; 16:39-44. [PMID: 19401306 DOI: 10.1177/1078155209104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a drug efflux pump that transports natural products, including taxanes and other chemotherapeutic agents, from cells. Several frequent polymorphisms in ATP binding cassette gene B1 (ABCB1) may influence Pgp levels and drug efflux. The purpose of this review was to assess the clinical significance of ABCB1 polymorphisms in oncology. METHODS Peer-reviewed studies were identified through a search of PubMed/MEDLINE (1990-2008) and the ASCO abstracts (2003-2008) database. Included studies described clinical trials where ABCB1 genotyping was performed in patients with cancer. Search terms included ABCB1, Pgp, docetaxel, paclitaxel, irinotecan, imatinib, and anticancer agent. Studies were excluded if the manuscript was not available in English. RESULTS The influence of polymorphisms in ABCB1 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T, and 1236C>T and progression-free and overall survival in 309 patients from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin demonstrated that compared to homozygote GG carriers at 2677, women with the minor T/A alleles were significantly less likely to relapse following treatment. Other trials of ABCB1 genotyping in breast and prostate cancer patients receiving taxanes have shown inconsistent results. Pharmacokinetic studies where ABCB1 was genotyped and patients received irinotecan or imatinib have also shown inconsistent results. CONCLUSION A number of commercially available drugs are substrates for Pgp, and the ABCB1-variant genotypes are frequent and functionally significant, which may have future implications for drug dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Hamidovic
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Mares-Sámano S, Badhan R, Penny J. Identification of putative steroid-binding sites in human ABCB1 and ABCG2. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3601-11. [PMID: 19303670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homology modelling was used to generate three-dimensional structures of the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of human ABCB1 and ABCG2. Interactions between a series of steroidal ligands and transporter NBDs were investigated using an in silico docking approach. C-terminal ABCB1 NBD (ABCB1 NBD2) was predicted to bind steroids within a cavity formed partly by the P-Loop, Tyr1044 and Ile1050. The P-Loop within ABCG2 NBD was also predicted to be involved in steroid binding. No overlap between ATP- and RU-486-binding sites was predicted in either NBD, though overlaps between ATP- and steroid-binding sites were predicted in the vicinity of the P-Loop in both nucleotide-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mares-Sámano
- University of Manchester, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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