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Lagunes L, Briggs K, Martin-Holder P, Xu Z, Maurer D, Ghabra K, Deeds EJ. Modeling reveals the strength of weak interactions in stacked-ring assembly. Biophys J 2024; 123:1763-1780. [PMID: 38762753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells employ many large macromolecular machines for the execution and regulation of processes that are vital for cell and organismal viability. Interestingly, cells cannot synthesize these machines as functioning units. Instead, cells synthesize the molecular parts that must then assemble into the functional complex. Many important machines, including chaperones such as GroEL and proteases such as the proteasome, comprise protein rings that are stacked on top of one another. While there is some experimental data regarding how stacked-ring complexes such as the proteasome self-assemble, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of stacked-ring assembly is currently lacking. Here, we developed a mathematical model of stacked-trimer assembly and performed an analysis of the assembly of the stacked homomeric trimer, which is the simplest stacked-ring architecture. We found that stacked rings are particularly susceptible to a form of kinetic trapping that we term "deadlock," in which the system gets stuck in a state where there are many large intermediates that are not the fully assembled structure but that cannot productively react. When interaction affinities are uniformly strong, deadlock severely limits assembly yield. We thus predicted that stacked rings would avoid situations where all interfaces in the structure have high affinity. Analysis of available crystal structures indicated that indeed the majority-if not all-of stacked trimers do not contain uniformly strong interactions. Finally, to better understand the origins of deadlock, we developed a formal pathway analysis and showed that, when all the binding affinities are strong, many of the possible pathways are utilized. In contrast, optimal assembly strategies utilize only a small number of pathways. Our work suggests that deadlock is a critical factor influencing the evolution of macromolecular machines and provides general principles for understanding the self-assembly efficiency of existing machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonila Lagunes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Koan Briggs
- Department of Physics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Paige Martin-Holder
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Microbiology and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zaikun Xu
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Dustin Maurer
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Karim Ghabra
- Computational and Systems Biology IDP, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
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2
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Kumar J, Karim A, Sweety UH, Sarma H, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Bioinspired Approaches for Central Nervous System Targeted Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 38100377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) which include a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions have become a serious global issue. The presence of CNS barriers poses a significant challenge to the progress of designing effective therapeutic delivery systems, limiting the effectiveness of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents. Natural nanocarriers present in biological systems have inspired researchers to design unique delivery systems through biomimicry. As natural resource derived delivery systems are more biocompatible, current research has been focused on the development of delivery systems inspired by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mammalian cells. Despite their structural potential and extensive physiological function, making them an excellent choice for biomaterial engineering, the delivery of nucleic acids remains challenging due to their instability in biological systems. Similarly, the efficient delivery of genetic material within the tissues of interest remains a hurdle due to a lack of selectivity and targeting ability. Considering that gene therapies are the holy grail for intervention in diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's disease, this review centers around recent advances in bioinspired approaches to gene delivery for the prevention of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Afroz Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ummy Habiba Sweety
- Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, 783370, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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3
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Aldemir N, Vallet C, Knauer SK, Schmuck C, Hirschhäuser C. A Fluorophore-Labeled Lysine Dendrimer with an Oxo-Anion-Binding Motif for Tracking Gene Transfection. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300296. [PMID: 37071493 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
A transfection vector based on a peptide dendrimer (1) has been developed and its abilities for DNA binding and transport have been investigated. By attaching a fluorophore to the vector system (1*), several steps in the transfection process could be monitored directly. As DLS and AFM studies showed, the labeled vector 1* condensed DNA into tightly packed aggregates able to enter eukaryotic cells. Co-localization experiments revealed that the ligand/plasmid complex is taken up by the endosomal pathway followed by an endosomal escape or lysosomal degradation. Afterwards, the plasmid DNA seems to enter the nucleus due to a breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis, as only cells that have recently undergone mitosis showed H2B-GFP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Aldemir
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany) E-mail: christoph.hirschhäuseruni-due.de
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- Department of Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany) E-mail: christoph.hirschhäuseruni-due.de
| | - Christoph Hirschhäuser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany) E-mail: christoph.hirschhäuseruni-due.de
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4
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Arellano LG, Villar-Alvarez EM, Velasco B, Domínguez-Arca V, Prieto G, Cambón A, Barbosa S, Taboada P. Light excitation of gold Nanorod-Based hybrid nanoplatforms for simultaneous bimodal phototherapy. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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5
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Polli JR, Balthasar JP. Cell Penetrating Peptides Conjugated to Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen "Catch-and-Release" Monoclonal Antibodies Alter Plasma and Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1456-1466. [PMID: 35867869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides conjugated to delivery vehicles, such as nanoparticles or antibodies, can enhance the cytosolic delivery of macromolecules. The present study examines the effects of conjugation to cell penetrating and endosomal escape peptides (i.e., TAT, GALA, and H6CM18) on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen "catch-and-release" monoclonal antibody, 10H6, in a murine model of colorectal cancer. GALA and TAT were conjugated to 10H6 using SoluLINK technology that allowed the evaluation of peptide-to-antibody ratio by ultraviolet spectroscopy. H6CM18 was conjugated to either NHS or maleimide-modified 10H6 using an azide-modified valine-citrulline linker and copper-free click chemistry. Unmodified and peptide-conjugated 10H6 preparations were administered intravenously at 6.67 nmol/kg to mice-bearing MC38CEA+ tumors. Unconjugated 10H6 demonstrated a clearance of 19.9 ± 1.36 mL/day/kg, with an apparent volume of distribution of 62.4 ± 7.78 mL/kg. All antibody-peptide conjugates exhibited significantly decreased plasma and tissue exposure, increased plasma clearance, and increased distribution volume. Examination of tissue-to-plasma exposure ratios showed an enhanced selectivity of 10H6-TAT for the GI tract (+25%), kidney (+24%), liver (+38%), muscle (+3%), and spleen (+33%). 10H6-GALA and 10H6-H6CM18 conjugates demonstrated decreased exposure in all tissues, relative to unmodified 10H6. All conjugates demonstrated decreased tumor exposure and selectivity; however, differences in tumor selectivity between 10H6 and 10H6-H6CM18 (maleimide) were not statistically significant. Relationships between the predicted peptide conjugate isoelectric point (pI) and pharmacokinetic parameters were bell-shaped, where pI values around 6.8-7 exhibit the slowest plasma clearance and smallest distribution volume. The data and analyses presented in this work may guide future efforts to develop immunoconjugates with cell penetrating and endosomal escape peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ryan Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14215, United States
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14215, United States
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6
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Yamasaki Y, Kumekawa D, Yamauchi S, Omuro H. Re-examination of Peptide-Sequence-Dependent Gene Expression of Cysteine-Installed Pegylated Oligolysine/DNA Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15478-15487. [PMID: 35571853 PMCID: PMC9096824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously synthesized cysteine-installed C-terminally PEGylated oligolysines with 20 amino acid residues to form cross-linked polymeric micelles (PMs) with luciferase-coding plasmid DNA as a candidate for artificial gene vectors. Luciferase gene expression in HeLa cells mediated by PEG-CK18C, PEG-CK9CK9, and PEG-K9CK9C was reported to be 35-, 5.4-, and 1.3-fold higher than that mediated by cysteine-uninstalled PEGylated oligolysine PEG-K20, respectively. However, after the publication, the survival rate of HeLa cells used in the previous study was found to be lower than usual when subcutaneously implanted into mice to create a xenograft model. In this study, to re-examine the peptide sequence-dependent gene expression, gene expression efficacy mediated by PEG-peptide PMs was compared with the PM cellular uptake results using newly obtained HeLa cell lines and the additional cell lines Huh-7, PANC-1, and BxPC3. As a result, PEG-K9CK9C PMs mediated the maximum gene expression in all cell lines, and the corresponding cellular uptake was also obtained. Therefore, we concluded that our previous results were erroneously obtained due to normality-depleted HeLa cells. A comparison of physicochemical characterizations, gene expression efficacy, and cellular uptake of PEG-peptide PMs is discussed in detail.
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7
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Peptides as a material platform for gene delivery: Emerging concepts and converging technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:40-59. [PMID: 32966922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful gene therapies rely on methods that safely introduce DNA into target cells and enable subsequent expression of proteins. To that end, peptides are an attractive materials platform for DNA delivery, facilitating condensation into nanoparticles, delivery into cells, and subcellular release to enable protein expression. Peptides are programmable materials that can be designed to address biocompatibility, stability, and subcellular barriers that limit efficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems. This review focuses on fundamental structure-function relationships regarding peptide design and their impact on nanoparticle physical properties, biologic activity, and biocompatibility. Recent peptide technologies utilize multi-dimensional structures, non-natural chemistries, and combinations of peptides with lipids to achieve desired properties and efficient transfection. Advances in DNA cargo design are also presented to highlight further opportunities for peptide-based gene delivery. Modern DNA designs enable prolonged expression compared to traditional plasmids, providing an additional component that can be synergized with peptide carriers for improved transfection. Peptide transfection systems are poised to become a flexible and efficient platform incorporating new chemistries, functionalities, and improved DNA cargos to usher in a new era of gene therapy.
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8
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Villar-Alvarez E, Leal BH, Cambón A, Pardo A, Martínez-Gonzalez R, Fernández-Vega J, Al-Qadi S, Mosquera VX, Bouzas A, Barbosa S, Taboada P. Triggered RNAi Therapy Using Metal Inorganic Nanovectors. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3374-3385. [PMID: 31188622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a very interesting therapeutic option to treat genetic diseases such as Alzheimer's or some types of cancer, but its effective delivery still remains a challenge. Herein, Au nanorod (GNR)-based platforms functionalized with polyelectrolyte layers were developed and analyzed as potential siRNA nanocarriers. The polymeric layers were successfully assembled on the particle surfaces by means of the layer-by-layer assembly technique through the alternating deposition of oppositely charged poly(styrene)sulfonate, PSS, poly(lysine), PLL, and siRNA biopolymers, with a final hyaluronic acid layer in order to provide the nanoconstructs with a potential targeting ability as well as colloidal stability in physiological medium. Once the hybrid nanocarriers were obtained, the cargo release, their colloidal stability in physiological-relevant media, cytotoxicity, cellular internalization and uptake, and knockdown activity were studied. The present hybrid particles release the genetic material inside cells by means of a protease-assisted and/or a light-triggered release mechanism in order to control the delivery of the oligonucleotides on demand. In addition, the hybrid nanovectors were observed to be nontoxic to cells and could efficiently deliver the genetic material in the cell cytoplasms. The GNR-based nanocarriers proposed here can provide a suitable environment to load and protect a sufficient amount of the genetic material to allow an efficient and sustained knockdown gene expression for long (up to 93% for 72 h), thanks to the slow degradation of PLL, without the observation of adverse side toxic effects. It was also found that the silencing activity was enhanced with the number of siRNA layers assembled in the nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Víctor X Mosquera
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) , 15006 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Alberto Bouzas
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) , 15006 A Coruña , Spain
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9
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Ueno M, Yamauchi S, Kumekawa D, Yamasaki Y. Peptide Sequence-Dependent Gene Expression of PEGylated Peptide/DNA Complexes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3072-3082. [PMID: 31173498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oligolysine-based PEG-peptides with 15 or 20 amino acid residues including two cysteines were synthesized to formulate cross-linked polyplex micelles (PMs) incorporating luciferase-coding plasmid DNA (pDNA). Two cysteine residues were separately allocated at the C-terminal, center, or N-terminal of peptide moieties. Although TEM observation showed that all PEG-peptides condensed pDNA into rod-like or toroidal morphologies, the rod length distribution of PMs was affected by both the amino acid sequence and the peptide length of PEG-peptides. In comparison to the cysteine-uninstalled PEG-peptides, the cysteine-installed PEG-peptides exhibited a reductive environment-responsive pDNA release, which was observed in a gel retardation assay. From physicochemical characterizations, a relationship between the amino acid sequence and the in vitro gene expression efficacy of PMs in a cell-free protein synthesis system has been clearly demonstrated. Finally, the cell-based assay using HeLa cells has been tested, and the differences between both results of cell-free and cell-based systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Ueno
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1 , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1 , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Daiki Kumekawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1 , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamasaki
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1 , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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10
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Goyal R, Kapadia CH, Melamed JR, Riley RS, Day ES. Layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoshells for the intracellular delivery of miR-34a. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:383-396. [PMID: 30555597 PMCID: PMC6289203 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs whose ability to regulate the expression of multiple genes makes them potentially exciting tools to treat disease. Unfortunately, miRNAs cannot passively enter cells due to their hydrophilicity and negative charge. Here, we report the development of layer-by-layer assembled nanoshells (LbL-NS) as vehicles for efficient intracellular miRNA delivery. Specifically, we developed LbL-NS to deliver the tumor suppressor miR-34a into triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and demonstrate that these constructs can safely and effectively regulate the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2, two known targets of miR-34a, to decrease cell proliferation. METHODS LbL-NS were made by coating negatively charged nanoshells with alternating layers of positive poly-L-lysine (PLL) and negative miRNA, with the outer layer consisting of PLL to facilitate cellular entry and protect the miRNA. Electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, and miRNA release studies were used to characterize LbL-NS. The particles' ability to enter MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, inhibit SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression, and thereby reduce cell proliferation was examined by confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and EdU assays, respectively. RESULTS Each successive coating reversed the nanoparticles' charge and increased their hydrodynamic diameter, resulting in a final diameter of 208±4 nm and a zeta potential of 53±5 mV. The LbL-NS released ~30% of their miR-34a cargo over 5 days in 1X PBS. Excitingly, LbL-NS carrying miR-34a suppressed SIRT1 and Bcl-2 by 46±3% and 35±3%, respectively, and decreased cell proliferation by 33%. LbL-NS carrying scrambled miRNA did not yield these effects. CONCLUSION LbL-NS can efficiently deliver miR-34a to TNBC cells to suppress cancer cell growth, warranting their further investigation as tools for miRNA replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Goyal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Chintan H. Kapadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Jilian R. Melamed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Rachel S. Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE USA
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11
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Fu S, Xu X, Ma Y, Zhang S, Zhang S. RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors targeting integrin α vβ 3 for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:1-11. [PMID: 29564914 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1455841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is restrictedly expressed on angiogenic blood vessels and tumour cells. It plays a key role in angiogenesis for tumour growth and metastasis. RGD peptide can specifically recognise the integrin αvβ3, which serves as targeted molecular for anti-angiogenesis strategies. Therefore, the targeted delivery of therapeutics by RGD peptide-based non-viral vectors to tumour vasculature and tumour cells is recognised as a promising approach for treating cancer. In this review, we illustrate the interaction between RGD peptide and integrin αvβ3 from different perspectives. Meanwhile, four types of RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors for cancer therapy, including RGD-based cationic polymers, lipids, peptides and hybrid systems, are summarised. The aim is to particularly highlight the enhanced therapeutic effects and specific targeting ability exhibited by these vectors for cancer gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China.,b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Yu Ma
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China
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Zhang SK, Song JW, Li SB, Gao HW, Chang HY, Jia LL, Gong F, Tan YX, Ji SP. Design of pH-sensitive peptides from natural antimicrobial peptides for enhancing polyethylenimine-mediated gene transfection. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 28370835 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor endosomal release is a major barrier of polyplex-mediated gene transfection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are commonly used to improve polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated gene transfection by increasing endosomal release. In the present study, we designed novel pH-sensitive peptides that highly enhance transfection efficiency compared to their parent peptides. METHODS Two analogues of melittin (Mel) and RV-23 (RV) were synthesized by replacing the positively-charged residues in their sequences with glutamic acid residues. The pH-sensitive lysis ability of the peptides, the effect of the peptides on physicochemical characteristics, the intracellular trafficking, the transfection efficiency, and the cytotoxicity of the polyplexes were determined. RESULTS The acidic peptides showed pH-sensitive lytic activity. The hemolytic activity of acidic peptides at pH 5.0 was higher than that at pH 7.4. The incorporation of acidic peptides did not affect the DNA binding ability of PEI but affected the physicochemical characteristics of the PEI/DNA polyplexes, which may be beneficial for endosomal release and gene transfection. The incorporation of acidic peptides into PEI/DNA polyplexes enhanced the PEI-mediated transfection efficiency corresponding to up to 42-fold higher luciferase activity compared to that of PEI alone. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that replacement of positively-charged residues with glutamic acid residues in the AMP sequence yields pH-sensitive peptides, which enhance the transfection efficiency of PEI/DNA polyplexes in various cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Bo Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- Neonatal Department of Xi'an No 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Xia Tan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Ping Ji
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Ahmed M. Peptides, polypeptides and peptide–polymer hybrids as nucleic acid carriers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2188-2211. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide, polypeptide and polymer–peptide hybrid based nucleic acid therapeutics (NAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry & School of Sustainable Design and Engineering
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
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14
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Rane LB, Kate AN, Ramteke SN, Shravage BV, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar AA. Fluorescent zinc(ii) complexes for gene delivery and simultaneous monitoring of protein expression. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16984-16996. [PMID: 27711702 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new zinc(ii) complexes, [Zn(l-His)(NIP)]+(1) and [Zn(acac)2(NIP)](2) (where NIP is 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, acac = acetyl acetone), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, fluorescence, IR, 1H NMR and electron spray ionization mass spectroscopies. Gel retardation assay, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies show that 1 and 2 can induce the condensation of circular plasmid pBR322 DNA into nanometer size particles under ambient conditions. Treatment of 2 with 5 mM EDTA restored 30% of the supercoiled form of DNA, revealing partial reversibility of DNA condensation. The in vitro transfection experiment demonstrates that the complexes can be used to deliver pCMV-tdTomato-N1 plasmid which expresses red fluorescent protein. The confocal studies show that the fluorescent nature of complexes is advantageous for visualizing the intracellular delivery of metal complexes as well as transfection efficiency using two distinct emission windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita B Rane
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune - 411007, India.
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15
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Cell Penetrating Peptide Conjugated Chitosan for Enhanced Delivery of Nucleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28912-30. [PMID: 26690119 PMCID: PMC4691089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for the cure or treatment of a spectrum of genetic disorders. Nevertheless, advances in gene therapy are immensely reliant upon design of an efficient gene carrier that can deliver genetic cargoes into the desired cell populations. Among various nonviral gene delivery systems, chitosan-based carriers have gained increasing attention because of their high cationic charge density, excellent biocompatibility, nearly nonexistent cytotoxicity, negligible immune response, and ideal ability to undergo chemical conjugation. However, a major shortcoming of chitosan-based carriers is their poor cellular uptake, leading to inadequate transfection efficiency. The intrinsic feature of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for transporting diverse cargoes into multiple cell and tissue types in a safe manner suggests that they can be conjugated to chitosan for improving its transfection efficiency. In this review, we briefly discuss CPPs and their classification, and also the major mechanisms contributing to the cellular uptake of CPPs and cargo conjugates. We also discuss immense improvements for the delivery of nucleic acids using CPP-conjugated chitosan-based carriers with special emphasis on plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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Moreno M, Giralt E. Three valuable peptides from bee and wasp venoms for therapeutic and biotechnological use: melittin, apamin and mastoparan. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1126-50. [PMID: 25835385 PMCID: PMC4417959 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While knowledge of the composition and mode of action of bee and wasp venoms dates back 50 years, the therapeutic value of these toxins remains relatively unexploded. The properties of these venoms are now being studied with the aim to design and develop new therapeutic drugs. Far from evaluating the extensive number of monographs, journals and books related to bee and wasp venoms and the therapeutic effect of these toxins in numerous diseases, the following review focuses on the three most characterized peptides, namely melittin, apamin, and mastoparan. Here, we update information related to these compounds from the perspective of applied science and discuss their potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moreno
- Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Saha S, Loo SCJ. Recent developments in multilayered polymeric particles – from fabrication techniques to therapeutic formulations. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3406-3419. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered particles are emerging as a powerful platform in pharmaceutics, especially for targeted, triggered and sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Saha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
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Lülf H, Bertucci A, Septiadi D, Corradini R, De Cola L. Multifunctional Inorganic Nanocontainers for DNA and Drug Delivery into Living Cells. Chemistry 2014; 20:10900-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Mann A, Shukla V, Khanduri R, Dabral S, Singh H, Ganguli M. Linear short histidine and cysteine modified arginine peptides constitute a potential class of DNA delivery agents. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:683-96. [PMID: 24476132 DOI: 10.1021/mp400353n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of gene therapy relies on the development of safe and efficient multifunctional carriers of nucleic acids that can overcome extra- and intracellular barriers, protect the nucleic acid and mediate its release at the desired site allowing gene expression. Peptides bear unique properties that are indispensable for any carrier, e.g., they can mediate DNA condensation, cellular targeting, membrane translocation, endosomal escape and nuclear localization. In an effort to design a multifunctional peptide, we have modified an arginine homopeptide R16 by replacement of seven arginines with histidines and addition of one cysteine at each end respectively to impart endosomal escape property while maintaining the DNA condensation and release balance. Addition of histidines imparts endosomal escape property to arginine homopeptide, but their arrangement with respect to arginines is more critical in controlling DNA condensation, release and transfection efficiency. Intriguingly, R5H7R4 peptide where charge/arginine is distributed in blocks is preferred for strong condensation while more efficient transfection is seen in the variants R9H7 and H4R9H3, which exhibit weak condensation and strong release. Addition of cysteine to each of these peptides further fine-tuned the condensation-release balance without application of any oxidative procedure unlike other similar systems reported in the literature. This resulted in a large increase in the transfection efficiency in all of the histidine modified peptides irrespective of the arginine and histidine positions. This series of multifunctional peptides shows comparable transfection efficiency to commercially available transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 at low charge ratios, with simple preparative procedure and exhibits much less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mall Road (near Jubilee Hall), Delhi 110 007, India
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20
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Arif M, Tripathi SK, Gupta KC, Kumar P. Self-assembled amphiphilic phosphopyridoxyl-polyethylenimine polymers exhibit high cell viability and gene transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4020-4031. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Petrov PD, Ivanova NI, Apostolova MD, Tsvetanov CB. Biodegradable polymer network encapsulated polyplex for DNA delivery. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra21890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Schellinger JG, Pahang JA, Johnson RN, Chu DSH, Sellers DL, Maris DO, Convertine AJ, Stayton PS, Horner PJ, Pun SH. Melittin-grafted HPMA-oligolysine based copolymers for gene delivery. Biomaterials 2012; 34:2318-26. [PMID: 23261217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery systems capable of transfecting cells in the brain are critical in realizing the potential impact of nucleic acid therapeutics for diseases of the central nervous system. In this study, the membrane-lytic peptide melittin was incorporated into block copolymers synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The first block, designed for melittin conjugation, was composed of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and pyridyl disulfide methacrylamide (PDSMA) and the second block, designed for DNA binding, was composed of oligo-l-lysine (K10) and HPMA. Melittin modified with cysteine at the C-terminus was conjugated to the polymers through the pyridyl disulfide pendent groups via disulfide exchange. The resulting pHgMelbHK10 copolymers are more membrane-lytic than melittin-free control polymers, and efficiently condensed plasmid DNA into salt-stable particles (~100-200 nm). The melittin-modified polymers transfected both HeLa and neuron-like PC-12 cells more efficiently than melittin-free polymers although toxicity associated with the melittin peptide was observed. Optimized formulations containing the luciferase reporter gene were delivered to mouse brain by intraventricular brain injections. Melittin-containing polyplexes produced about 35-fold higher luciferase activity in the brain compared to polyplexes without melittin. Thus, the melittin-containing block copolymers described in this work are promising materials for gene delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan G Schellinger
- Department of Bioengineering, Univeristy of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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23
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A review of RGD-functionalized nonviral gene delivery vectors for cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:741-8. [PMID: 23018622 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective treatments that enable many patients suffering from cancer to be successfully cured is highly demanded. Angiogenesis, which is a process for the formation of new capillary blood vessels, has a crucial role in solid tumor progression and the development of metastasis. Antiangiogenic therapy designed to prevent tumor angiogenesis, thereby arresting the growth or spread of tumors, has emerged as a non-invasive and safe option for cancer treatment. Due to the fact that integrin receptors are overexpressed on the surface of angiogenic endothelial cells, various strategies have been made to develop targeted delivery systems for cancer gene therapy utilizing integrin-targeting peptides with an exposed arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sequence. The aim of this review is to summarize the progress and prospect of RGD-functionalized nonviral vectors toward targeted delivery of genetic materials in order to achieve an efficient therapeutic outcome for cancer gene therapy, including antiangiogenic therapy.
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Gao W, Feng B, Lu X, Wang J, Qu S, Weng J. Characterization and cell behavior of titanium surfaces with PLL/DNA modification via a layer-by-layer technique. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2176-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Tripathi SK, Goyal R, Ansari K, Ravi Ram K, Shukla Y, Chowdhuri D, Gupta K. Polyglutamic acid-based nanocomposites as efficient non-viral gene carriers in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:473-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Lee SK, Han MS, Asokan S, Tung CH. Effective gene silencing by multilayered siRNA-coated gold nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:364-70. [PMID: 21294265 PMCID: PMC3099143 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely proposed to treat various diseases by silencing genes, but its delivery remains a challenge. A well controlled assembly approach is applied to prepare a protease-assisted nanodelivery system. Protease-degradable poly-L-lysine (PLL) and siRNA are fabricated onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), by alternating the charged polyelectrolytes. In this study, up to 4 layers of PLL and 3 layers of siRNA (sR3P) are coated. Due to the slow degradation of PLL, the incorporated siRNA is released gradually and shows extended gene-silencing effects. Importantly, the inhibition effect in cells is found to correlate with the number of siRNA layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6565 Fannin St. B5-009, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Lo SL, Wang S. Intracellular Protein Delivery Systems Formed by Noncovalent Bonding Interactions between Amphipathic Peptide Carriers and Protein Cargos. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:1134-41. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Campolongo MJ, Tan SJ, Xu J, Luo D. DNA nanomedicine: Engineering DNA as a polymer for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:606-16. [PMID: 20338202 PMCID: PMC7125827 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine, encompasses a broad spectrum of fields including molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, gene regulation and protein production. In recent decades, DNA has received considerable attention for its functionality and versatility, allowing it to help bridge the gap between materials science and biological systems. The use of DNA as a structural nanoscale material has opened a new avenue towards the rational design of DNA nanostructures with different polymeric topologies. These topologies, in turn, possess unique characteristics that translate to specific therapeutic and diagnostic strategies within nanomedicine.
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29
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Fabrication of oriented poly-l-lysine/bacteriorhodopsin-embedded purple membrane multilayer structure for enhanced photoelectric response. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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pDNA condensation capacity and in vitro gene delivery properties of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2010; 389:254-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Haley J, Kabiru P, Geng Y. Effect of clustered peptide binding on DNA condensation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 6:249-55. [PMID: 20024087 DOI: 10.1039/b908873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA condensation in-vitro has been studied as a model system to reveal common principles underlying gene packaging in biology, and as the critical first step towards the development of non-viral gene delivery vectors. In this study, we use a bio-inspired approach, where small DNA-binding peptides are controllably clustered by an amphiphilic block copolymer scaffold, to reveal the effect of clustered peptide binding on the energetics, size, shape and physical properties of DNA condensation in-vitro. This provides insights into the general architectural effect of gene-binding proteins on DNA condensation process. Moreover, the versatility afforded by regulating the clustering density and composition of peptides may provide a novel design platform for gene delivery applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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32
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Egorova AA, Kiselev AV, Tarasenko II, Il’ina PL, Pankova GA, Il’ina IE, Baranov VC, Vlasov GP. Hyperbranched polylysines modified with histidine and arginine: The optimization of their DNA compacting and endosomolytic properties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:483-92. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Goparaju GN, Bruist MF, Satish Chandran C, Gupta PK. Influence of N-Terminal Hydrophobicity of Cationic Peptides on Thermodynamics of their Interaction with Plasmid DNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:502-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Goparaju GN, Satishchandran C, Gupta PK. The effect of the structure of small cationic peptides on the characteristics of peptide-DNA complexes. Int J Pharm 2009; 369:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Di Gioia S, Conese M. Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery to the lung and therapeutic applications. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2009; 2:163-88. [PMID: 19920904 PMCID: PMC2761186 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery is now considered a promising alternative to viral vectors. Among nonviral gene delivery agents, polyethylenimine (PEI) has emerged as a potent candidate for gene delivery to the lung. PEI has some advantages over other polycations in that it combines strong DNA compaction capacity with an intrinsic endosomolytic activity. However, intracellular (mainly the nuclear membrane) and extracellular obstacles still hamper its efficiency in vitro and in vivo, depending on the route of administration and the type of PEI. Nuclear delivery has been increased by adding nuclear localization signals. To overcome nonspecific interactions with biological fluids, extracellular matrix components and nontarget cells, strategies have been developed to protect polyplexes from these interactions and to increase target specificity and gene expression. When gene delivery into airway epithelial cells of the conducting airways is necessary, aerosolization of complexes seems to be better suited to guarantee higher transgene expression in the airway epithelial cells with lower toxicity than observed with either intratracheal or intravenous administration. Aerosolization, indeed, is useful to target the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary endothelium. Proof-of-principle that PEI-mediated gene delivery has therapeutic application to some genetic and acquired lung disease is presented, using as genetic material either plasmidic DNA or small-interfering RNA, although optimization of formulation and delivery protocols and limitation of toxicity need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
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36
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Dorris AC, Douglas KL, Tabrizian M, Barrett CJ. Control of DNA incorporation into nanoparticles with poly(L-lysine) multilayers. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles coated with DNA and poly(L-lysine) (PLL) were prepared using a layer-by-layer assembly technique under various solution conditions. Both the level of DNA loading into the materials, the rate and the extent of DNA released from films upon degradation were controlled by varying the pH of polyelectrolyte assembly solutions. To determine optimal conditions for DNA loading, analogous films assembled on flat surfaces were prepared under various pH conditions. Using UV–vis spectroscopy and thin-film ellipsometry, it was found that the extent of DNA incorporation could be varied by more than a factor of two, and that the highest loading was obtained for films built using a combination of DNA and poly(L-lysine) solutions of pH = 4 and pH = 7, respectively. The layers coated onto the silica nanoparticles permitted the surface charge to be characterized by zeta potential electrophoresis. Furthermore, the acid–base dissociation constant measured for PLL on the outermost layer of the DNA/PLL film showed that the pKaof PLL can be shifted by more than three units. Film degradability was investigated via the exposure of films assembled under different pH conditions to α-chymotrypsin. The fraction of DNA released from degraded films can also be increased by a factor of three when films are built under conditions of pH = 4 for the DNA solution. The resultant effect on the transfection ability of pEGFP-N1/PLL coated particles was then measured, and results suggest that the control achieved over the bulk film properties also extends to a strong influence on cell uptake and transfection.Key words: polyelectrolyte multilayer, DNA incorporation, enzymatic degradation, nanoparticles, gene therapy.
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37
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Zhang L, Liang Y, Meng L, Wang C. Characterization of complexation of PVP copolymer with DNA. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Zhao X, Zhang Z, Pan F, Waigh TA, Lu JR. Plasmid DNA complexation with phosphorylcholine diblock copolymers and its effect on cell transfection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6881-6888. [PMID: 18500832 DOI: 10.1021/la800593q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined a series of novel cationic MPC-based (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) copolymers as vectors for gene delivery, with emphasis on the assessment of the effects of the charge ratio (administered via pH variation) on the complex (polyplex) formation and the subsequent transfection efficiency. A combination of electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and small angle neutron scattering was used to characterize the structure and charge distribution of the polyplexes formed between the copolymer and the luciferase plasmid DNA. Polymers with larger hydrophobic side chains had lower p K a values and tended to aggregate more strongly. For a given copolymer, electrostatic interaction was the main driving force for the formation of the nanopolyplexes. When the cationic copolymers were in excess, the majority of the polyplexes formed was neutral, and only a small faction of them carried net positive charges. Polyplexes formed under excess copolymer protected the DNA from restriction enzyme digestion. As the copolymers were weak polyelectrolytes, the pH had a distinct effect on the structure and charge distribution of the polyplexes formed. Below the p K a, the copolymers were found to bind with the plasmid DNA in the form of unimers, while above the p K a, the copolymers self-aggregated and complexed with DNA in the form of micelles. It was subsequently found that unimer/DNA polyplexes were far more effective in the transfection of HEK293 cells than micellar DNA polyplexes. The results thus revealed that different hydrophobicities of the side chains in the copolymer series led to different nanostructuring and charge characteristics, which had a consequential effect on the transfection efficiency. This study provided useful insight into the molecular processes underlying polyplex formation and demonstrated a strong link between structural and physical properties of polyplexes and cell transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Zhao
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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39
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An endosomolytic Tat peptide produced by incorporation of histidine and cysteine residues as a nonviral vector for DNA transfection. Biomaterials 2008; 29:2408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Henshaw JW, Yuan F. Field distribution and DNA transport in solid tumors during electric field-mediated gene delivery. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:691-711. [PMID: 17624918 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has a great potential in cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of cancer gene therapy is currently limited by the lack of a safe and efficient means to deliver therapeutic genes into the nucleus of tumor cells. One method under investigation for improving local gene delivery is based on the use of pulsed electric field. Despite repeated demonstration of its effectiveness in vivo, the underlying mechanisms behind electric field-mediated gene delivery remain largely unknown. Without a thorough understanding of these mechanisms, it will be difficult to further advance the gene delivery. In this review, the electric field-mediated gene delivery in solid tumors will be examined by following individual transport processes that must occur in vivo for a successful gene transfer. The topics of examination include: (i) major barriers for gene delivery in the body, (ii) distribution of electric fields at both cell and tissue levels during the application of external fields, and (iii) electric field-induced transport of genes across each of the barriers. Through this approach, the review summarizes what is known about the mechanisms behind electric field-mediated gene delivery and what require further investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Henshaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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41
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Liu D, Qiao W, Li Z, Chen Y, Cui X, Li K, Yu L, Yan K, Zhu L, Guo Y, Cheng L. Structure-function relationship research of glycerol backbone-based cationic lipids for gene delivery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 71:336-44. [PMID: 18312294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transfection activities of two series of synthetic glycerol backbone-based cationic lipids were studied as gene delivery carriers. The variable length of hydrocarbon chains, diverse quaternary ammonium heads, different linkage, as well as alternative anion combined with them allowed to find how these factors affect cationic lipids on their gene delivery performance. The structure-function relationship of the synthetic glycerol backbone-based cationic lipids was discussed, and the transfection efficiency of some of the cationic liposomes was superior or parallel to that of two commercial transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin RD. 2999th, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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42
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Zhang L, Meng L, Lu X, Liu Y. Novel Amphiphilic Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) Block Copolymer: Aggregative Behavior and Interaction with DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Liu D, Qiao W, Li Z, Cui X, Li K, Yu L, Yan K, Zhu L, Cheng L. Carbamate-linked cationic lipids for gene delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:995-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Haley J, Li X, Marshall N, Locklin J, Geng Y. DNA packaging via combinative self-assembly. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:515-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b800220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang D, Korolev N, Eom KD, Tam JP, Nordenskiöld L. Design and Biophysical Characterization of Novel Polycationic ϵ-Peptides for DNA Compaction and Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2007; 9:321-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm700882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and Biochemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Nikolay Korolev
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and Biochemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Khee Dong Eom
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and Biochemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - James P. Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and Biochemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, and Biochemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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Lynch J, Behan N, Birkinshaw C. Factors Controlling Particle Size during Nebulization of DNA–Polycation Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:257-68. [PMID: 17894533 DOI: 10.1089/jam.2007.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary gene therapy has the potential to treat or cure respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Much work has focused on the delivery of genes to the lung using viral vectors with varying degrees of success. Viral vectors are problematic and undesirable for use in the lung because they can provoke an acute immune response. This study has focused on the characterization of nonviral, polymer-based gene vectors for use with nebulizers. Calf thymus DNA has been used as a model, and was complexed with each of the three polycations; 22 kDa linear polyethyleneimine, 25 kDa branched polyethyleneimine, and 29.5 kDa polylysine using water, glucose solution, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as carrier liquids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has shown that the DNA retains the B form during the complex formation. The complexes prepared at N:P ratios of 10, have been nebulized using a vibrating plate nebulizer and the particle size and Zeta potentials measured before and after nebulization. The particle size distributions of the DNA complexes prepared in water and glucose solution were unimodal before and after nebulization with a small increase in particle size following nebulization. Choice of complexing polymer is shown to have only a small effect on particle size with the dominant effect coming from the ionic character of the dispersion fluid. Complexes prepared in PBS, although originally unimodal, showed pronounced agglomeration on nebulization. With all polymers in water or glucose solution, the Zeta potential increases after nebulization, but with PBS as the carrier liquid the potential falls and is clearly associated with the observed agglomeration. Gel electrophoresis shows that the complexing polymers protect the DNA through the nebulization process in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lynch
- Department of Materials Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Liu D, Qiao W, Li Z, Zhang S, Cheng L, Jin K. Synthetic diether-linked cationic lipids for gene delivery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 67:248-51. [PMID: 16611219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium lipids 2a-p, with diether linkages between hydrocarbon chains and their ammonium headgroups, were synthesized as potential vectors for cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery. Varying the length of carbon chains and quaternary ammonium heads as well as different anionic complexes will enable the study of the structure-function relationships of these cationic lipids in terms of gene delivery properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158th, Dalian, 116012, China.
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Boeckle S, Fahrmeir J, Roedl W, Ogris M, Wagner E. Melittin analogs with high lytic activity at endosomal pH enhance transfection with purified targeted PEI polyplexes. J Control Release 2006; 112:240-8. [PMID: 16545884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melittin-polyethylenimine (PEI) conjugates have been shown to enhance gene transfer efficiency of polyplexes due to their membrane-destabilizing properties. Inherent lytic activity at neutral pH however also provokes high cytotoxicity due to plasma membrane damage. In order to shift the lytic activity towards the endosomal membrane, several melittin analogs were designed. Acidic modification of melittin by replacing neutral glutamines (Gln-25 and Gln-26) with glutamic acid residues greatly improved the lytic activity of C-terminally linked PEI conjugates at the endosomal pH of 5. This activity correlated well with the gene transfer efficiency of polyplexes in four different cell lines. Melittin-PEI conjugates with high lytic activities at endosomal pH were then incorporated into EGF receptor-targeted and polyethylene glycol-shielded polyplexes. The resulting particles had virus-like dimension (150 nm) with a neutral surface charge and were subsequently purified by size exclusion chromatography to remove unbound toxic PEI conjugate. These purified polyplexes mediated EGF-receptor-specific gene transfer with up to 70-fold higher activity compared to the corresponding PEI polyplexes without melittin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Boeckle
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The successful gene therapy largely depends on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient gene delivery to target cells with minimal toxicity. Nonviral vectors are much safer and cheaper, can be produced easily in large quantities, and have higher genetic material carrying capacity. However, they are generally less efficient in delivering DNA and initiating gene expression as compared to viral vectors, particularly when used in vivo. As nonviral vectors, polycations may work well for efficient cell uptake and endosomal escape, because they do form compact and smaller complexes with plasmid DNA and carry amine groups, which give positive charge and buffering ability that allows safe escape from endosome/lysosome. However, this is a disadvantage in the following step, which is releasing the plasmid DNA within the cytosol. In order to initiate transcription and enhance gene expression, the polymer/plasmid complex should dissociate after releasing from endosome safely and effectively. There are also other limitations with some of the polycationic carriers, for example, aggregation, toxicity, etc. Intelligent polymers, also called as 'stimuli responsive polymers', have a great potential as nonviral vectors to obtain site-, timing-, and duration period-specific gene expression, which is already exhibited in recent studies that are briefly summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinçer
- Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cartier R, Reszka R. Biological and Cellular Barriers Limiting the Clinical Application of Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems**This paper was first published in Gene Therapy, 2002 February, 9(3), 157–167. Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-044452806-3/50006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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