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Abstract
Background: Alopecia mucinosa has been shown to be associated with many benign and malignant conditions. It can be seen in childhood but is seen more commonly in adulthood. Alopecia mucinosa is generally felt to occur in three settings: a primary idiopathic form, a form associated with malignancy, and a form secondary to inflammatory conditions. The histologic hallmark is the accumulation of mucin in the follicular epithelium, called follicular mucinosis. Therapy for alopecia mucinosa remains problematic. Objective: We present a representative case of alopecia mucinosa and discuss the etiology, histology, epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis. Conclusion: We report a case of idiopathic alopecia mucinosa that responded to minocycline with a complete remission and we review the literature on alopecia mucinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine L. Mackley
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Klaus F. Helm
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that usually manifests as patches and plaques with a propensity for nonphotoexposed areas. MF is a common mimicker of inflammatory and infectious skin diseases, because it can be manifested with a wide variety of clinical and pathologic presentations. These atypical presentations of MF may be difficult to diagnose, requiring a high level of suspicion and careful clinicopathologic correlation. Within this array of clinical presentations, the World Health Organization classification recognizes 3 MF variants: folliculotropic MF, pagetoid reticulosis, and granulomatous slack skin. These 3 variants, as well as hypopigmented MF, are addressed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estela Martínez-Escala
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Belén Rubio González
- Dermatology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba s/n, 28041 - Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology Department, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 19 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4
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Camp B, Horwitz S, Pulitzer MP. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with follicular mucinosis: an unusual histopathological finding and a commentary. J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39:861-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2012.01953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Camp
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York; NY; USA
| | - Steven Horwitz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York; NY; USA
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5
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Arca E, Köse O, Taştan HB, Gür AR, Safali M. Follicular mucinosis responding to isotretinoin treatment. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009; 15:391-5. [PMID: 15764052 DOI: 10.1080/09546630410023575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Follicular mucinosis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of mucin in the sebaceous glands and outer root sheaths of the hair follicles. It is divided into a primary benign type and a secondary type mostly associated with lymphomas. No effective standard therapy for follicular mucinosis is available. We describe the case of a 21-year-old Caucasian male who had papules, nodules, and erythematous plaques on his left shoulder, left arm, and right scapular region. He was diagnosed as primary benign generalized follicular mucinosis, and treated with isotretinoin. Almost complete remission was achieved in 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arca
- Department of Dermatology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Etlik, 06018 Ankara, Turkey.
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6
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Kontochristopoulos GJ, Exadaktylou D, Hatziolou E, Tassidou A, Zakopoulou N. Follicular mucinosis associated with early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: successful treatment with interferon alpha-2b and acitretin. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009; 12:117-21. [PMID: 12243671 DOI: 10.1080/095466301317085435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular mucinosis (FM) is a rare dermatosis characterized by mucin deposits in the pilosebaceous units. It is divided into a primary-benign type and a secondary type associated mostly with lymphomas. No standard effective therapy is available for the primary FM while in the secondary form treatment is aimed against the underlying disease. METHODS We report a case of secondary FM in which a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was detected 6 years after the initial eruption. RESULTS Complete remission was achieved with combination therapy of interferon alpha-2b at a dose of 6 million U subcutaneously three times a week, and acitretin 35 mg/day, for 6 months. CONCLUSION Regular clinical and histopathological evaluation is suggested for all patients with FM. For cases associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma the combination of interferon alpha and acitretin seems to be a good therapeutical approach.
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Harries MJ, Sinclair RD, Macdonald-Hull S, Whiting DA, Griffiths CEM, Paus R. Management of primary cicatricial alopecias: options for treatment. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:1-22. [PMID: 18489608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary cicatricial alopecias (PCAs) are a poorly understood group of disorders that result in permanent hair loss. Clinically, they are characterized not only by permanent loss of hair shafts but also of visible follicular ostia along with other visible changes in skin surface morphology, while their histopathological hallmark usually (although not always) is the replacement of follicular structures with scar-like fibrous tissue. As hair follicle neogenesis in adult human scalp skin is not yet a readily available treatment option for patients with cicatricial alopecias, the aim of treatment, currently, remains to reduce symptoms and to slow or stop PCA progression, namely the scarring process. Early treatment is the key to minimizing the extent of permanent alopecia. However, inconsistent terminology, poorly defined clinical end-points and a lack of good quality clinical trials have long made management of these conditions very challenging. As one important step towards improving the management of this under-investigated and under-serviced group of dermatoses, the current review presents evidence-based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence, and a brief overview of clinical features of each condition. Wherever only insufficient evidence-based advice on PCA management can be given at present, this is indicated so as to highlight important gaps in our clinical knowledge that call for concerted efforts to close these in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Harries
- The Dermatology Centre, The University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
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9
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The cicatricial alopecias encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by permanent destruction of the hair follicle and irreversible hair loss. Destruction of the hair follicle can result from primary, folliculocentric disease or as a secondary result. This article focuses on the former, or primary cicatricial alopecias. The cause and pathogenesis of many of these disorders are largely unknown. Although unique clinicopathologic features allow for accurate diagnosis in some cases, diagnostic certainty is often elusive and reflects the limits of present understanding. Classification of the primary cicatricial alopecias on the basis of pathology provides a diagnostic and investigational framework and, it is hoped, will facilitate future enlightenment. Details of classification, etiopathogenesis, clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and practical management of the primary cicatricial alopecias will be discussed. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the following aspects of the primary cicatricial alopecias: (1) the new, consensus-issued classification scheme, (2) current understanding about etiopathogenesis, (3) salient clinicopathologic features, (4) differential diagnosis, and (5) therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Ross
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Insitute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Cutaneous lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of T-, NK- and B-cell neoplasms, with mycosis fungoides (MF) being the most common subtype. MF has a plethora of clinicopathological manifestations. Many variants of this lymphoma differ substantially from the 'classical' Alibert-Bazin disease and are therefore sometimes referred to as 'atypical' forms of the disease. This review addresses the whole clinicopathological spectrum of mycosis fungoides with respect to epidemiology, clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic and genotypic features and the clinical course and prognosis of its variants: classical, erythrodermic, follicular, syringotropic, bullous/vesicular, granulomatous, poikilodermic, hypo- and hyperpigmented, unilesional, palmoplantar, hyperkeratotic/verrucous, vegetating/papillomatous, ichthyosiform, pigmented purpura-like, pustular and mucosal involvement in MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Kazakov
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen 30460, Czech Republic
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11
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Spagnolo DV, Ellis DW, Juneja S, Leong ASY, Miliauskas J, Norris DL, Turner J. The role of molecular studies in lymphoma diagnosis: a review. Pathology 2004; 36:19-44. [PMID: 14757555 DOI: 10.1080/00313020310001648404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma classification is based on a multiparametric approach to diagnosis, in which clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, karyotype and molecular characteristics are important to varying degrees. While in most cases, a diagnosis can be confidently established on the basis of morphology and immunophenotype alone, a small proportion of diagnostically difficult cases will rely on molecular studies to enable a definitive diagnosis. This review discusses the various molecular techniques available including Southern blotting (SB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)--including multicolour-FISH/spectral karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridisation--and also gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray technology. Emphasis is given to the analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements and chromosomal translocations as they relate to lymphoma diagnosis and also in the setting of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and monitoring. Laboratories performing these tests need to have expertise in these areas of testing, and there is a need for greater standardisation of molecular tests. It is important to know the sensitivity and specificity of each test as well as its limitations and the pitfalls in the interpretation of results. Above all, results of molecular testing should never be considered in isolation, and must always be interpreted in the context of clinical and other laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic V Spagnolo
- Division of Tissue Pathology, The Western Australian Centre for Pathology and Medical Research (PathCentre), Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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12
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Abstract
Follicular mucinosis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, presenting as mucin deposits around the follicles and sebaceous glands. It can progress to alopecia of the scalp and other hairy areas. Follicular mucinosis may be a benign primary idiopathic disorder or secondary to malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. It can present with shiny papules or sharply marginated infiltrated erythematous scaling plaques, with follicular accentuation on the scalp, neck, trunk and limbs. There are many local and systemic treatments. This paper discusses the case of an adult with an uncommon acneiform follicular mucinosis controlled with systemic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M C Passaro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Servidor Público do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Abstract
Confusion abounds regarding the terms "follicular mucinosis" and "alopecia mucinosa," not only concerning definition and essential character, but of relationships between themselves on one hand and between themselves and mycosis fungoides on the other. We address here those issues in methodical fashion, first in historical perspective by review, scrupulously and critically, of what has been said in the many articles devoted to the subject; we next tell how the terms "alopecia mucinosa" and "follicular mucinosis" came to be and how they are employed currently; we then set forth our own observations pertinent to clinical, histopathologic, and biologic aspects of the condition called, conventionally, "alopecia mucinosa," those observations based on our own findings in sections of tissue cut from 54 biopsy specimens taken from 45 patients, all of them having been signed out previously as "follicular mucinosis;" we proceed to forge clinico-pathologic correlation of lesions in 14 of those 45 patients, utilizing assessments, by examination grossly and microscopically, of attributes in the very same lesion. Last, we propose a concept, and a terminology that derives from it, that synthesizes all that is known now about "alopecia mucinosa" and "follicular mucinosis," in particular the relationship of "alopecia mucinosa" to mycosis fungoides, including "follicular," "syringotropic," and erythrodermic manifestations of it. In short, we affirm that so-called alopecia mucinosa is but one of many morphologic manifestations of mycosis fungoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Böer
- Department of Dermatology, Klinikum der J W Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
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14
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Apisarnthanarax N, Ha CS, Duvic M. Mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis displaying aggressive tumor-stage transformation : successful treatment using radiation therapy plus oral bexarotene combination therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4:429-33. [PMID: 12762834 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200304060-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Follicular mucinosis is a tissue reaction pattern characterized by mucin deposition with follicular sebaceous units and is found as an idiopathic, primary, benign process (alopecia mucinosa), or as a secondary process due to inflammatory and neoplastic disorders (mycosis fungoides). When associated with follicular mucinosis, mycosis fungoides commonly pursues an aggressive course, often undergoing large-cell transformation, which is associated with resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. We present a case of mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis that was treated with incomplete courses of interferon, isotretinoin, and polychemotherapy with subsequent rapid progression to tumor-stage mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation and nodal and bone marrow involvement. In this setting, the patient was treated with local radiation therapy, total-skin electron beam therapy, and therapy and maintenance with the oral retinoid-X-receptor retinoid bexarotene, and achieved a durable complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Apisarnthanarax
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4095, USA
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16
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Fonseca ADPMD, Bona SH, Fonseca WSMD, Campelo FS, Rego PMDM. Mucinose Folicular: revisão da literatura e relato de um caso. An Bras Dermatol 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962002000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A mucinose follicular (MuF), também chamada de alopecia mucinosa, é mucinose cutânea caracterizada pelo acúmulo de mucina no folículo pilossebáceo. As mucinoses têm duas formas de apresentação: uma idiopática ou primária, e outra sintomática ou associada a diversos processos benignos e malignos. Os autores apresentam um caso de mucinose folicular primária e fazem breve revisão do assunto. Trata-se de uma paciente de 26 anos de idade, com placa eritematosa recoberta por fina descamação, alopécica e localizada no supercílio direito. Após seis meses, sem qualquer tratamento, houve resolução espontânea da lesão. A paciente permaneceu durante 12 meses em controle ambulatorial sem que se evidenciasse qualquer sinal de recidiva.
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Jiménez OS, Botella Estrada R, Guillén Barona C, Rodríguez Serna M, Aliaga Boniche A. Mucinosis folicular: nuevas entidades clínico-patológicas. Estudio clínico, histológico, inmunohistoquímico e inmunogenotípico de 23 pacientes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(02)79215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Liu V, McKee PH. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: approach for the surgical pathologist: recent advances and clarification of confused issues. Adv Anat Pathol 2002; 9:79-100. [PMID: 11917163 DOI: 10.1097/00125480-200203000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CTCLs) remain a subject of confusion and controversy. In this review, the authors discuss diagnostic criteria and classification, including the role of immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies. In addition, cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas, the current status of parapsoriasis and other premalignant syndromes, and the clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides are discussed. CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and a number of rare variants of CTCL including granulamatous slack skin, subcutaneous (panniculitic) T-cell lymphoma, gamma-delta cutaneous lymphoma, NK/NK-like T-cell lymphoma, and primary cutaneous CD8-positive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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19
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Diagnostic value of dominant T-cell clones in peripheral blood in 363 patients presenting consecutively with a clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.9.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cutaneous T-cell clonality is of diagnostic value in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and most helpful in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF). However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating clonal T cells remains unclear. We studied T-cell clonality in the peripheral blood (PB) and the cutaneous lesion, sampled at the same time, in 363 consecutively seen patients with a clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. Using a PCR technique providing a specific imprint of T-cell clones (PCRγ–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), we found that detection of identical circulating and cutaneous T-cell clones was associated with the diagnosis of CTCL (P < .001). Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with MF was infrequent (12.5%), except in those with erythrodermic MF (42%; P = .003). Moreover, among the 46 patients who had identical circulating and cutaneous T-cell clones, 25 (56%) had erythroderma. The finding of a dominant clone in the PB but not in the skin was frequent, regardless of the clinicohistologic classification; it occurred in 30% of patients with CTCL, 41% with non-CTCL malignant infiltrates, and 34% with benign infiltrates. This pattern was significantly more frequent in patients over 60 years of age (P < .002), even in the CTCL group (P < .01). In conclusion, dominant T-cell clones detected in the PB of patients with MF by using a routine PCR technique are rarely tumoral and are more often related to age. A multicenter prospective study is under way to establish the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells.
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Diagnostic value of dominant T-cell clones in peripheral blood in 363 patients presenting consecutively with a clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.9.2987.h8002987_2987_2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cutaneous T-cell clonality is of diagnostic value in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and most helpful in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF). However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating clonal T cells remains unclear. We studied T-cell clonality in the peripheral blood (PB) and the cutaneous lesion, sampled at the same time, in 363 consecutively seen patients with a clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. Using a PCR technique providing a specific imprint of T-cell clones (PCRγ–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), we found that detection of identical circulating and cutaneous T-cell clones was associated with the diagnosis of CTCL (P < .001). Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with MF was infrequent (12.5%), except in those with erythrodermic MF (42%; P = .003). Moreover, among the 46 patients who had identical circulating and cutaneous T-cell clones, 25 (56%) had erythroderma. The finding of a dominant clone in the PB but not in the skin was frequent, regardless of the clinicohistologic classification; it occurred in 30% of patients with CTCL, 41% with non-CTCL malignant infiltrates, and 34% with benign infiltrates. This pattern was significantly more frequent in patients over 60 years of age (P < .002), even in the CTCL group (P < .01). In conclusion, dominant T-cell clones detected in the PB of patients with MF by using a routine PCR technique are rarely tumoral and are more often related to age. A multicenter prospective study is under way to establish the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells.
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Bonta MD, Tannous ZS, Demierre MF, Gonzalez E, Harris NL, Duncan LM. Rapidly progressing mycosis fungoides presenting as follicular mucinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43:635-40. [PMID: 11004619 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Follicular mucinosis can occur as a primary idiopathic disorder or can arise in association with benign or malignant disease, most notably mycosis fungoides. We describe a patient with an aggressive folliculotropic variant of mycosis fungoides that initially presented as follicular mucinosis with alopecia. One month after the diagnosis of follicular mucinosis, a diagnosis of mycosis fungoides was made, and 3 months later inguinal lymph node involvement with mycosis fungoides developed. A skin biopsy specimen demonstrated prominent follicular mucinosis with folliculotropism of atypical cells and intrafollicular Pautrier's microabscesses. As demonstrated in this case, follicular mucinosis can be a presenting sign of rapidly progressive mycosis fungoides. In our review of follicular mucinosis and its association with mycosis fungoides, we found that the folliculotropic variant of mycosis fungoides appears more commonly to have an aggressive course than classic mycosis fungoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bonta
- Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kohler S, Zehnder JL. Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of cutaneous T-cell infiltrates. Dermatol Clin 1999; 17:657-66, x. [PMID: 10410865 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Histologic evaluation of suspected cutaneous T-cell neoplasia is challenging. There is significant overlap with features of benign condition, and neoplastic cells often occur in a reactive background. Recently, molecular techniques using paraffin-embedded tissue have been applied to the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell infiltrates. These methods are useful for determining whether a clonal population of T-cells is present. The advantages and limitation of molecular diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell infiltrates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kohler
- Dermatopathology Service, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
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de Carvalho VO, Marinoni LP, Taniguchi K, Giraldi S, Bertogna J, Neto JF. Infiltrated lesions on a child's face. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16:326-8. [PMID: 10469424 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.1999.00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V O de Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Glusac EJ, Shapiro PE, McNiff JM. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Refinement in the application of controversial histologic criteria. Dermatol Clin 1999; 17:601-14, ix. [PMID: 10410861 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The term cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was originally coined to encompass the spectrum of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. It has become increasingly evident that the histopathologic diagnosis of CTCL can be exceedingly challenging. A series of recent studies, however, have helped clarify the nature of the histologic findings in CTCL. Recently reported histologic data on mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, and their variants is emphasized in this article, with special focus given to the findings in early lesions. A brief summary of lymphocyte immunophenotyping and the role of T-cell reception gene rearrangements in CTCL is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Glusac
- Department of Dermatology, Yale Dermatopathology Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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