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Najman JN, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, McGee TR, King L, Scott JG, Bor W. Family poverty over the early life course and adult experiences of intimate partner violence: a cohort study. Public Health 2024; 234:143-151. [PMID: 39013235 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether family poverty over the early childhood, adolescent, and adult periods of the life course independently predicts experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN This was a birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia, with pregnant women recruited at their first booking-in visit and their children, followed up to 30 and 40 years of age. METHODS Family income was obtained from the mother when the child was 6 months, 5 and 14 years of age. Offspring reported their own family income at 21, 30, and 40 years of age. The offspring completed the Composite Abuse Scale at 30 and 40 years. Adjusted logistic regression models are used to predict experiences of IPV at 30 (n = 2157) and 40 (n = 1438) years. RESULTS The findings at 30 and 40 years of age are consistent. Only poverty experienced concurrently with the assessment of IPV is strongly associated. At the 40-year follow-up, family poverty predicts higher ratios of all four forms of IPV; severe combined abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 4.05), physical abuse (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.95, 5.82), emotional abuse (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 2.58, 8.57) and harassment (OR = 4.70, 95% CI = 2.58, 8.57). CONCLUSION Concurrent family poverty is strongly and consistently associated with patterns of IPV. These associations are for cross-sectionally collected data with the prospectively collected data not replicating these findings. Although it is not possible to identify a specific causal pathway, the findings suggest that the immediate consequences of poverty are strongly associated with IPV. Programmes that address poverty reduction provide the best prospect for reducing societal levels of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - G M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - A M Clavarino
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - T R McGee
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - L King
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J G Scott
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - W Bor
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia
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Kisely S, Siskind D, Scott JG, Najman JM. Self-reported child maltreatment and cardiometabolic risk in 30-year-old adults. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1121-1130. [PMID: 35607779 PMCID: PMC10947207 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with both dietary fat intake and obesity in later life. There is less information on associations with metabolic risk factors and specific types of CM such as physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. AIMS To assess the association between five types of self-reported CM and a range of obesity and metabolic indicators in a subsample of a birth cohort. METHODS This was a study of 1689 adults born in a major metropolitan maternity hospital in Australia and followed up 30 years later. Body mass index, bioimpedance and fasting lipid levels/insulin resistance were measured. Details on self-reported CM were collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. We adjusted for birth weight, parental income and relationship at participants' birth, as well as maternal age and alcohol or tobacco use. We also adjusted for participants' smoking, depression, educational level, marital and employment status at follow up. RESULTS One-fifth reported maltreatment (n = 362), most commonly emotional neglect (n = 175), followed by emotional abuse (n = 128), physical neglect (n = 123), sexual (n = 121) and physical abuse (n = 116). On adjusted analyses, there were significant associations for CM, particularly neglect or emotional abuse, and one or more of the following outcomes: obesity, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and HDL levels. Results for other outcomes were more equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Of child maltreatment types, emotional abuse and neglect show the strongest associations with obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors, therefore highlighting the public health importance of early intervention to reduce childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Kisely
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and EpidemiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - James G. Scott
- Mental Health ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Metro North Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Public HealthThe University of Queensland, Public Health BuildingBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Public HealthThe University of Queensland, Public Health BuildingBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Wei X, Li X, Teng X, Bai J, Ren F. Intergenerational Transmission of Depression during Adolescence: The Mediating Roles of Hostile Attribution Bias, Empathic Concern, and Social Self-Concept. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 157:13-31. [PMID: 36279252 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have empirically examined the role of peer microsystem in the intergenerational transmission of depression, and more importantly, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this potential pathway of intergenerational transmission. The purpose of the current study was to examine the sequential mediation effects of adolescent hostile attribution bias, empathic concern, and social self-concept on the association between maternal depression and adolescent depression. An urban Chinese sample of 761 mother-child dyads was investigated when the adolescents were in secondary school (M = 14.36 years, range =12.33-16.92 years, 52.3% female). The results provided evidence of cross-generational continuity in depression during adolescence, and the hypothesized sequential mediation model was supported. The findings highlight the importance of peer-related factors during the intergenerational transmission of depression and have important implications for interpersonal interventions that aim to prevent depression during adolescence. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are briefly discussed.
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Kisely S, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Self-reported and agency-notified child abuse as a contributor to health anxiety in a population-based birth cohort study at 30-year-follow-up. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:445-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kisely S, Strathearn L, Najman JM. A Comparison of Oral Health Outcomes of Self-Reported and Agency-Notified Child Maltreatment in a Population-Based Birth Cohort at 30-Year-Old Follow-Up. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:179-187. [PMID: 34629426 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information on the oral health outcomes of childhood maltreatment in adulthood is limited and reliant on retrospective questionnaires that are subject to recall bias. There are no data from prospective studies using maltreatment reports to statutory agencies. We therefore assessed the effect on dental outcomes and oral health care at 30-year follow-up using both prospective agency notifications and retrospective self-reports of child maltreatment in the same birth cohort. METHODS There were 2456 adults with data on dental outcomes and oral health care at follow-up. Information on self-reported abuse was collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire and linked to child maltreatment notifications to statutory agencies. RESULTS The prevalence of self- and agency-reported maltreatment was 599 (24.4%) and 142 (5.8%), respectively. At follow-up, 850 participants (34.6%) had undergone a dental extraction for infection or decay, and 810 had experienced significant dental pain over their lifetime. One-third had not visited a dental clinic in the previous 2 years, and 40% failed to brush their teeth at least twice daily. On adjusted analyses, both self- and agency-reported maltreatment showed significant associations with dental extraction (odds ratio = 1.47 [95% confidence interval = 1.21-1.80] and odds ratio = 1.44 [95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.06], respectively). There were similar results for brushing frequency, whereas self-reported maltreatment was associated with dental pain. However, associations were weaker for dental clinic visits and some child maltreatment subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment is associated with adverse oral health consequences in adulthood and is thus a dental and wider public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- From the School of Medicine (Kisely), University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland; Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology (Kisely), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Stead Family Department of Paediatrics, Developmental and Behavioural Paediatrics (Strathearn), University of Iowa; Center for Disabilities and Development (Strathearn), University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa; and School of Public Health (Najman), The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Neale MC, Aggen S, Heath A, Colodro-Conde L, Couvyduchesne B, Byrne EM, Martin NG, Gillespie NA. Shared and specific genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression, depressive symptoms and neuroticism in three population-based twin samples. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2745-2753. [PMID: 30563581 PMCID: PMC6584059 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800377x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerability to depression can be measured in different ways. We here examine how genetic risk factors are inter-related for lifetime major depression (MD), self-report current depressive symptoms and the personality trait Neuroticism. METHOD We obtained data from three population-based adult twin samples (Virginia n = 4672, Australia #1 n = 3598 and Australia #2 n = 1878) to which we fitted a common factor model where risk for 'broadly defined depression' was indexed by (i) lifetime MD assessed at personal interview, (ii) depressive symptoms, and (iii) neuroticism. We examined the proportion of genetic risk for MD deriving from the common factor v. specific to MD in each sample and then analyzed them jointly. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mx. RESULTS The best fit models in all samples included additive genetic and unique environmental effects. The proportion of genetic effects unique to lifetime MD and not shared with the broad depression common factor in the three samples were estimated as 77, 61, and 65%, respectively. A cross-sample mega-analysis model fit well and estimated that 65% of the genetic risk for MD was unique. CONCLUSION A large proportion of genetic risk factors for lifetime MD was not, in the samples studied, captured by a common factor for broadly defined depression utilizing MD and self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and Neuroticism. The genetic substrate for MD may reflect neurobiological processes underlying the episodic nature of its cognitive, motor and neurovegetative manifestations, which are not well indexed by current depressive symptom and neuroticism.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Australia/epidemiology
- Comorbidity
- Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis
- Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
- Diseases in Twins/epidemiology
- Diseases in Twins/genetics
- Extraversion, Psychological
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Genetic
- Neurotic Disorders/diagnosis
- Neurotic Disorders/epidemiology
- Neurotic Disorders/genetics
- Personality/genetics
- Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data
- Psychometrics
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Twins, Dizygotic/genetics
- Twins, Dizygotic/psychology
- Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
- Twins, Monozygotic/psychology
- Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data
- Virginia/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,
Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles O. Gardner
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,
Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,
Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steve Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,
Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St
Louis, St Louis MO, USA
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Baptiste Couvyduchesne
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,
Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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A continuum of genetic liability for minor and major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1131. [PMID: 28509901 PMCID: PMC5534967 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent success of a large genome-wide association (GWA) study-analysing 130 620 major depression cases and 347 620 controls-in identifying the first single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci robustly associated with major depression in Europeans confirms that immense sample sizes are required to identify risk loci for depression. Given the phenotypic similarity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the less severe minor depressive disorder (MiDD), we hypothesised that broadening the case definition to include MiDD may be an efficient approach to increase sample sizes in GWA studies of depression. By analysing two large twin pair cohorts, we show that minor depression and major depression lie on a single genetic continuum, with major depression being more severe but not aetiologically distinct from minor depression. Furthermore, we estimate heritabilities of 37% for minor depression, 46% for major depression and 48% for minor or major depression in a cohort of older adults (aged 50-92). However, the heritability of minor or major depression was estimated at 40% in a cohort of younger adults (aged 23-38). Moreover, two robust major depression-risk SNPs nominally associated with major depression in our Australian GWA data set produced more significant evidence for association with minor or major depression. Hence, broadening the case phenotype in GWA studies to include subthreshold definitions, such as MiDD, should facilitate the identification of additional genetic risk loci for depression.
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Co-occurrence and symptomatology of fatigue and depression. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 71:1-10. [PMID: 27567301 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue and depression are highly comorbid phenotypes with partially overlapping symptoms. The main aims of the present study are to: (i) identify the risk of current fatigue and depression; (ii) determine if the depression symptoms experienced by individuals who are fatigued (N=766) and non-fatigued (N=1849) are different; and (iii) identify if the fatigue symptoms experienced by depressed (N=275) and non-depressed (N=2340) individuals are different, in a community-based sample of Australian twins aged over 50years. METHODS Fatigue and depression symptom profiles and classifications were generated using the Schedule of Fatigue and Anergia (SOFA); the General Health Questionnaire; and the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory, States of Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. The association between co-occurring fatigue and depression was assessed using prevalence ratios. Differences in the preponderance of fatigue and depression symptoms were assessed using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Individuals with either fatigue or depression have an approximately two-fold increased risk for comorbid presentation of both traits, compared to the general population. Logistic regression analysis indicated that fatigued individuals were significantly more likely to report all of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) depression symptoms assessed in the study. Similarly, depressed individuals were significantly more likely to report all SOFA fatigue symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue and depression are highly correlated traits within the community. Depression symptomatology and prevalence are significantly increased in fatigued individuals. Fatigue and especially the symptoms of insomnia and poor concentration are strong predictors of depression. Notably, the association between fatigue and depression is independent of their overlapping symptomatology. Therefore, presentation with fatigue, and in particular the symptoms of insomnia and poor concentration, should be considered as warning signs of depression in older adults.
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Abstract
Depression and fatigue have previously been suggested to share an underlying genetic contribution. The present study aims to investigate and characterize the familiality and genetic relationship between depression and fatigue. The familiality of depression and fatigue was assessed by calculating relative risks, measured by the prevalence ratio, within 643 monozygotic (MZ) and 577 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. Bivariate twin modeling was utilized to assess the magnitude of shared heritability between depression and fatigue. Finally, the relationship between depression and fatigue was investigated using the co-twin control method, to determine whether the association is explained by causal or non-causal models. We observed an increased risk of fatigue in co-twins of probands with depression and increased risk of depression in co-twins of probands with fatigue. Higher risks were observed in MZ compared to DZ twin pairs, and bivariate heritability analyses indicated significant genetic components for depression and fatigue, with heritability estimates of 48% and 41%, respectively. Importantly, a significant additive genetic correlation of 0.71 [95% CI = 0.51-0.92) and bivariate heritability of 21% [95% CI = 10-35%] was observed between depression and fatigue. Furthermore, results from the co-twin control method indicate a non-causal genetic relationship that likely explains the association between depression and fatigue. Notably, the contribution of shared genetic factors remained significant, independent of the overlapping symptoms, indicating that the relationship between co-occurring depression and fatigue is primarily due to shared genetic factors rather than overlapping symptomatology.
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Bedford A, Henry JD, Crawford JR. Personal Disturbance Scale: Factor Structure Confirmed in a Large Nonclinical Sample. Psychol Rep 2016; 96:107-8. [PMID: 15825911 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.96.1.107-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The two-component structure of anxiety and depression items of the short form Personal Disturbance Scale, reported in an earlier clinical study of 480 adult psychiatric patients, was substantially replicated in a large nonclinical sample of 758 adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bedford
- Department of Psychological Therapies, The Old Chapel, Bootham Park, York, YO30 7BY England, UK
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Saiepour N, Najman JM, Clavarino A, Baker PJ, Ware RS, Williams G. Item ordering of personal disturbance scale (DSSI/sAD) in a longitudinal study; using Mokken scale analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hwang SSH, Kim Y, Chang JS, Yun DY, Kim YS, Jung HY. Examination of categorical approach to symptom assessment: cross-validation of foulds' Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory with Korean non-patient and patient groups. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:251. [PMID: 24103322 PMCID: PMC3816604 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foulds' Delusions-Symptoms-State Inventory (DSSI) has been purported to be a reliable, systematic categorical measure to assess the patients with schizophrenia according to the degree of illness. However, further cross-validations using other clinical measures and diverse samples from other cultures have not been advanced recently. We aimed to examine the validity of the DSSI hierarchical class model using both Korean non-patient and patient (schizophrenia and depression) groups. METHOD The hypothesis of inclusive, non-reflexive relationships among the DSSI classes was tested. The power of DSSI to detect presence of symptoms was assessed via cross-validation with other clinical measures, and the differences between the clinical features among the DSSI classes were examined using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). RESULTS The high rate of model conformity (91.1%) across the samples and cross-validation with other criterion measures provided further support for the validity of DSSI. CONCLUSIONS DSSI is a reliable self-report measure that can be applied to both patient and non-patients to assess the presence and severity of psychiatric illness. Future studies that include more diverse clinical groups are necessary to lend further support for its utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suk-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul 143-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Differential item functioning of the HADS and PHQ-9: an investigation of age, gender and educational background in a clinical UK primary care sample. J Affect Disord 2013; 147:262-8. [PMID: 23218250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) are commonly used measures in clinical practice and research. It is important that such scales measure the trait they purport to measure and that the impact of other measurement artefacts is minimal. Differential item functioning of these scales by gender, educational background and age is currently assessed. METHODS Severity of depression and anxiety symptoms were measured in primary care patients referred to mental health workers using the PHQ-9 and HADS. Each scale was assessed for Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Test Function (DTF) by gender, educational background and age. Minimum n per analysis=895. DIF was assessed with Mantel's χ(2), Liu-Agresti cumulative common odds ratio (LA LOR) and the standardised LA LOR (LA LOR-Z). DTF was assessed in relation to ν(2). RESULTS PHQ-9, HADS Depression Sub-scale (HADS-D) and HADS Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A) lacked bias in terms of gender and educational background (ν(2)<0.07). However, both PHQ-9 and HADS-D exhibited bias with regard to age: PHQ-9 ν(2)=0.103 (medium effect); HADS-D ν(2)=0.214 (large effect). PHQ-9 items exhibiting DIF by age covered: anhedonia, energy and low mood. HADS-D items exhibiting DIF by age covered psychomotor retardation and interest in appearance. LIMITATIONS No assessment of other potential DIF contributors was made. CONCLUSIONS PHQ-9, HADS-D and HADS-A generally do not exhibit bias for gender and educational background. However bias was observed in PHQ-9 and HADS-D for age. Caution should be exercised interpreting scores both in clinical practice and research.
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Heath AC, Eaves LJ, Kirk KM, Martin NG. Effects of lifestyle, personality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and genetic predisposition on subjective sleep disturbance and sleep pattern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/twin.1.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects on sleep pattern (‘short-sleep’ versus ‘long-sleep’) and subjective sleep disturbance of genotype, personality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and lifestyle, were examined using survey data on a clinically unselected sample of adult Australian twin pairs, aged 17–88 years. When the effects of genotype, personality and symptoms were ignored, lifestyle variables appeared to account for roughly 4% of the variance in sleep disturbance, and 9% of the variance in sleep pattern. Significant genetic effects on sleep disturbance and sleep pattern were found, which were only partly explained by the effects of personality and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Much of the association between sleep disturbance and lifestyle appeared to be explained by separate effects of personality and symptoms of anxiety and depression on sleep and lifestyle (‘genotype – risk-factor correlation’). There was little evidence for genetically determined differences in sensitivity to the lifestyle variables (‘genotype × risk-factor interaction’).
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Bedford A, Watson R, Henry JD, Crawford JR, Deary IJ. Mokken scaling analyses of the Personal Disturbance Scale (DSSI/sAD) in large clinical and non-clinical samples. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, O'Callaghan M, Aird R, Bor W, O'Callaghan F, Williams GM, Marrington S, Najman JM, Alati R. Maternal anxiety and attention problems in children at 5 and 14 years. J Atten Disord 2010; 13:658-67. [PMID: 19805622 DOI: 10.1177/1087054709347203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the association between maternal anxiety from pregnancy to 5 years and child attention problems at 5 and 14 years. METHOD Birth cohort of 3,982 individuals born in Brisbane between 1981 and 1983 are assessed. Self-reported measures of maternal anxiety are assessed at four time points. Maternal reports of child attention problems using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist are assessed at 5 and 14 years. RESULTS Children of mothers experiencing anxiety during or after pregnancy are at greater risk of experiencing attention problems at 5 and 14 years. After adjusting for maternal age and child's gender, antenatal anxiety is strongly associated with persistent attention problems (OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 2.19, 6.07). Children with chronically anxious mothers are 5.67 (95% CI = 3.56, 9.03) times more likely to have persistent attention problems. These associations remain consistent after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Maternal anxiety appears to increase the rate of child attention problems and identifies a need for treatment programs to have a dual focus-the mother and her child.
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Predicting emotional well-being following traumatic brain injury: A test of mediated and moderated models. Soc Sci Med 2009; 69:947-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kendall E, Terry DJ. Understanding adjustment following traumatic brain injury: Is the Goodness-of-Fit coping hypothesis useful? Soc Sci Med 2008; 67:1217-24. [PMID: 18625542 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kendall
- Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, Griffith Institute of Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Logan 4131 Queensland, Australia.
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Distinguishing Cognitive and Somatic Dimensions of State and Trait Anxiety: Development and Validation of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA). Behav Cogn Psychother 2008. [DOI: 10.1017/s1352465808004232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Littleton H. An evaluation of the coping patterns of rape victims: integration with a schema-based information-processing model. Violence Against Women 2007; 13:789-801. [PMID: 17699111 DOI: 10.1177/1077801207304825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to provide an expansion of Resick and Schnicke's information-processing model of interpersonal violence response. Their model posits that interpersonal violence threatens victims' schematic beliefs and that victims can resolve this threat through assimilation, accommodation, or overaccommodation. In addition, it is hypothesized that how victims resolve schematic threat affects their coping strategies. To test this hypothesis, a cluster analysis of rape victims' coping patterns was conducted. Victims' coping patterns were related to distress, self-worth, and rape label in ways consistent with predictions. Thus, future research should focus on the implications of how victims integrate trauma with schemas.
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Baker R, Thomas S, Thomas PW, Owens M. Development of an emotional processing scale. J Psychosom Res 2007; 62:167-78. [PMID: 17270575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an emotional processing scale, a 38-item self-report questionnaire designed to identify emotional processing styles and deficits. METHODS An initial item pool derived from a conceptual model and clinical observations was piloted on clinical and community samples (n=150). The resulting 45-item scale was administered to patients with psychological problems, psychosomatic disorders, and physical disease, and to healthy individuals (n=460). Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the underlying factor structure. RESULTS Maximum likelihood factor analysis yielded an eight-factor solution relating to styles of emotional experience (Lack of Attunement, Discordant, and Externalized), mechanisms controlling the experience and expression of emotions (Suppression, Dissociation, Avoidance, and Uncontrolled), and signs of inadequate processing (Intrusion). Internal reliability was moderate to high for six of eight factors. Preliminary findings suggested satisfactory convergent validity. DISCUSSION Overall, the psychometric properties of this scale appear promising. Work is in progress to refine the scale by incorporating additional items and by conducting further psychometric evaluations on new samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Baker
- Dorset Research and Development Support Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Krommydas GC, Gourgoulianis KI, Angelopoulos NV, Kotrotsiou E, Raftopoulos V, Molyvdas PA. Depression and pulmonary function in outpatients with asthma. Respir Med 2004; 98:220-4. [PMID: 15002757 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2003.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between depression, anxiety and pulmonary function in asthmatics. Thirty-eight adult asthmatic patients underwent psychometric evaluation with the DSSI/sAD questionnaire, filled in an asthma questionnaire and underwent spirometry. The majority of patients suffered from mild-persistent asthma. Twenty-six reported symptoms of anxiety and 25 reported symptoms of depression. A statistically significant reduction in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC values was observed in asthmatic patients with symptoms of depression. The mean value of FEV1 was 81.84(+/-20.83) in patients without symptoms and 63.73(+/-17.99) in patients with symptoms of depression. The mean values of FEV1/FVC were 0.85(+/-0.11) and 0.75(+/-0.10), respectively. These findings indicate a high frequency of depression and anxiety in adult asthmatic patients. A biological linkage between depression and impaired pulmonary function is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Krommydas
- Lung function lab, Physiology Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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Henry J, Crawford J, Bedford A, Crombie C, Taylor E. The Personal Disturbance Scale (sAD): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jorm AF, Prior M, Sanson A, Smart D, Zhang Y, Tan S, Easteal S. Lack of association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene with anxiety-related traits: results from a cross-sectional study of adults and a longitudinal study of children. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 114:659-64. [PMID: 12210283 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from animal experiments that the mu- and delta-opioid receptors may play a role in anxiety and depression. It might therefore be expected that functional polymorphisms of these genes in humans are associated with anxiety and depression. We investigated a single-nucleotide polymorphism (Asn40Asp) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). This association was investigated in two samples: 1) a cross-sectional survey of 867 community-living adults aged 18-79 years who were assessed for anxiety and depression symptoms and related personality traits; and 2) a longitudinal study of childhood temperament in which 660 children were followed from infancy to the mid-teens and assessed for anxiety-related temperament and behavior problems. The data did not support a role for the Asn40Asp polymorphism in anxiety and depression, despite adequate statistical power to detect small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Vance JC, Boyle FM, Najman JM, Thearle MJ. Couple distress after sudden infant or perinatal death: a 30-month follow up. J Paediatr Child Health 2002; 38:368-72. [PMID: 12173998 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine, using a 30-month prospective study, patterns of anxiety, depression and alcohol use in couples following stillbirth, neonatal death or sudden infant death syndrome. METHODOLOGY One hundred and thirty-eight bereaved and 156 non-bereaved couples completed standardized interviews at 2, 8, 15 and 30 months post-loss. RESULTS At all interviews, bereaved couples were significantly more likely than non-bereaved couples to have at least one distressed partner. Rarely were both partners distressed in either group. For bereaved couples, 'mother only' distress declined from 21% to 10% during the study. 'Father only' distress ranged from 7% to 15%, peaking at 30 months. Bereaved mothers who were distressed at 2 months reported significantly lower marital satisfaction at 30 months. CONCLUSIONS At the couple level, the experience of a baby's death is multifaceted. Gender differences are common and partners' needs may change over time. Early recognition of these differences may facilitate longer-term adjustment for both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vance
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Bedford A, Grant E, Pauw KD, Deary IJ. The personal disturbance scale (DSSI/sAD): structural cross-validation and proposed short forms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Koschera A, Hickie I, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Wilson A, Lloyd A. Prolonged fatigue, anxiety and depression: exploring relationships in a primary care sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1999; 33:545-52. [PMID: 10483850 DOI: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While prolonged fatigue states are frequently comorbid with other forms of distress, they are now the subject of independent aetiological and treatment research. The objective of this study was to use principal component analysis to clarify the relationships between proposed measures of prolonged fatigue and anxiety and depression in data obtained from patients attending primary care. METHOD Self-report measures of prolonged fatigue and psychological distress (anxiety and depression) were administered to consecutive ambulatory care patients attending primary care. RESULTS Data from 1593 subjects were obtained. A two-factor principal component solution (varimax rotation) demonstrated a clear separation between fatigue-related items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81) as compared with those items describing anxiety and/or depression (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). A four-factor solution produced similar results with two factors describing general psychological distress (contrasting anxiety and depression), with two other factors describing the profiles of mental and physical fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The results lend weight to the argument that prolonged fatigue states can be measured independently of conventional notions of anxiety and depression in patients attending primary care. Epidemiological, aetiological and treatment research in psychiatry may need to focus greater attention on such prolonged fatigue states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koschera
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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The Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory (DSSI): construction, applications and structural analyses. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shevlin M, Brunsden V, Miles J. Alternative factor models of the Personal Disturbance Scale (DSSI/sAD). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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