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de la Vega M, Ralphs SC. Outcomes and complications of prophylactic incisional gastropexy in 766 dogs (2009-2019). BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:300. [PMID: 37908004 PMCID: PMC10619303 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes and complications associated with prophylactic incisional gastropexy performed in dog breeds at risk for GDV. RESULTS Seven hundred and sixty-six dogs underwent prophylactic incisional gastropexy of which 61 were electively performed at the time of castration or spay and 705 were adjunctively performed at the time of emergency abdominal surgery. All dogs had short-term follow-up, and 446 dogs (58.2%) had additional follow-up with a median long-term follow-up time of 876 days (range 58-4450). Only 3 dogs (0.4%) had a direct complication associated with the gastropexy site including hemorrhage causing hemoabdomen (2) and infection with partial dehiscence (1). No dogs with long-term follow-up experienced gastric dilatation (GD), gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), or persistent GI signs following gastropexy. Results of this study found that complications directly associated with prophylactic gastropexy were rare and limited to hemorrhage causing hemoabdomen and infection with partial dehiscence. Transient postoperative GI signs may occur. Gastropexy malpositioning and bowel entrapment were not encountered. There was no occurrence of GD or GDV.
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Lehmann A, Brunner A, Marti E, Francey T, Steinbach S, Peters LM, Adamik KN. Concentrations and kinetics of renal biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115783. [PMID: 36846247 PMCID: PMC9953137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) can lead to organ failure including acute kidney injury (AKI). Due to its cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, lidocaine has a potential to prevent AKI in dogs with GDV. Design and setting Prospective, observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Objective To determine concentrations of renal biomarkers for AKI in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. Methods Thirty-two dogs were randomized to receive either IV lidocaine (2 mg/kg, followed by a lidocaine constant rate infusion at a dose of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h; n = 17) or no lidocaine (n = 15). Blood and urine samples were taken at admission (T 0) (only blood), during or immediately after surgery (T 1), and 24 (T 24) and 48 (T 48) h after surgery. Plasma creatinine (pCr), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL), urinary NGAL (uNGAL), uNGAL to creatinine ratio (UNCR), and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCr) were evaluated. Biomarker concentrations were compared between dogs with and without IV lidocaine and the course of each marker was determined in comparison to its admission value. Results In the entire population, a significantly higher pCr at T 0 (median, 95 μmol/L, interquartile range, 82-105) compared with T 1 (69 μmol/L, 60-78), T 24 (63 μmol/L, 52-78), and T 48 (78 μmol/L, 65-87) (P < 0.001) was found. Plasma NGAL increased significantly between T 0 (5.66 ng/mL, 3.58-7.43) and T 24 (7.50 ng/mL, 4.01-11.89) (P = 0.006) and T 48 (9.86 ng/mL, 5.52-13.92) (P < 0.001), respectively. Urinary NGAL increased significantly between T 1 (0.61 ng/mL, 0.30-2.59) and T 24 (2.62 ng/mL, 1.86-10.92) (P = 0.001) and T 48 (4.79 ng/mL, 1.96-34.97 (P < 0.001), respectively. UNCR increased significantly between T 1 (0.15 μg/mmol, 0.09-0.54) and T 24 (1.14 μg/mmol, 0.41-3.58) (P = 0.0015) and T 48 (1.34 μg/mmol, 0.30-7.42) (P < 0.001), respectively. Concentrations of uGGT/uCr increased significantly from T 0 highest at T 24 (6.20 U/mmol, 3.90-9.90) and significantly decreased at T 48 (3.76 U/mmol, 2.84-6.22) (P < 0.001). No significant differences in any renal biomarker concentration were found between dogs with and without IV lidocaine therapy. Conclusion and clinical relevance Plasma NGAL, uNGAL and UNCR remained increased up to 48 h post-surgery. No evidence of lidocaine-associated renoprotection was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehmann
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Brunner
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Steinbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lhuillery E, Velay L, Libermann S, Le Boedec K, Gautherot A, Bonneau L, Mongellas E, Harris K, Etchepareborde S. Outcomes of dogs undergoing surgery for gastric dilatation volvulus after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization. Vet Surg 2022; 51:843-852. [PMID: 34989433 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of dogs surgically treated for gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study, monoinstitutional. SAMPLE POPULATION One hundred and sixty-two dogs with GDV. METHODS Dogs presenting with a GDV were allocated to 1 of 2 groups, immediate or delayed. In the immediate group, dogs were stabilized for 90 min prior to undergoing surgery. In the delayed group, dogs underwent surgery after at least 5 h of stabilization. Medical stabilization included gastric decompression and placement of an indwelling nasogastric tube to prevent further gastric dilatation in all dogs. Short-term outcomes were compared between surgical timings by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Dogs (n = 89) in the immediate group underwent surgery a median time of 2.1 h after presentation (range 1.9-2.5 h), whereas those in the delayed surgery group (n = 73) were operated a median time of 9.8 h (range 5.4-13.7 h) after presentation. Survival rates did not differ between dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgery at discharge (70/89 and 60/73, respectively) or at 1 month postoperatively (68/89 and 55/73, respectively). The degree of gastric torsion was differently distributed between the 2 groups (P = .05). In the immediate group, 19, 52, and 9 dogs had a 0°, 180° and 270° gastric torsion respectively, whereas in the delayed group, 27, 32, and 5 dogs had a 0°, 180° and 270° gastric torsion respectively. Hyperlactatemia 24 h after initiation of fluid therapy was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality risk and at 1 month postoperatively. CONCLUSION No survival benefit was detected as a result of proceeding to surgery after either a rapid or a prolonged medical stabilization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The aggressive stabilization and monitoring protocol described here can be considered as an alternative to stabilize dogs with GDV prior to surgery within 13.7 h of presentation. Further research is required to investigate the potential risks and benefits of prolonged over rapid stabilization and to identify candidates for each approach.
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White RS, Sartor AJ, Bergman PJ. Evaluation of a staged technique of immediate decompressive and delayed surgical treatment for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:72-79. [PMID: 33314975 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a staged technique of immediate decompressive and delayed surgical treatment for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs. ANIMALS 41 client-owned dogs with confirmed GDV from 2012 through 2016. PROCEDURES Medical record data were collected regarding patient signalment, diagnostic test results, gastric lavage findings, surgical findings, and short-term survival status. For all dogs, gastric decompression was performed by orogastric intubation and gastric lavage in the same anesthetic episode. If this stage was successful, subsequent corrective surgery (laparotomy and gastropexy) was delayed and performed in a second anesthetic episode. RESULTS 6 dogs underwent corrective surgery in the same anesthetic session as for decompression and stabilization, 2 of which had gastric necrosis. Thirty-five dogs underwent corrective surgery in a second anesthetic episode a mean of 22.3 hours (range, 5.25 to 69.75 hours) after presentation, during which gastric necrosis was identified in 2 dogs. The mortality rate for delayed-surgery patients was 9% (3/35). Time from presentation to surgery was not associated with surgeon subjective assessment of gastric health status or mortality rate. Intraoperative identification of gastric necrosis was associated with nonsurvival. Single plasma lactate concentrations and percentage change in serial lactate concentrations were associated with intraoperative gastric health status and mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The observed mortality rate for delayed-surgery patients was comparable to rates reported for other GDV treatment techniques. Results suggested that delaying corrective surgery is possible for certain dogs, but careful case selection would be important and no reliable preoperative case selection criteria were identified. Additional research is needed to further investigate the potential risks and benefits of staged versus immediate surgical treatment of GDV in dogs.
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Variants in FtsJ RNA 2'-O-Methyltransferase 3 and Growth Hormone 1 are associated with small body size and a dental anomaly in dogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24929-24935. [PMID: 32958658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Domesticated dogs show unparalleled diversity in body size across breeds, but within breeds variation is limited by selective breeding. Many heritable diseases of dogs are found among breeds of similar sizes, suggesting that as in humans, alleles governing growth have pleiotropic effects. Here, we conducted independent genome-wide association studies in the small Shetland Sheepdog breed and discovered a locus on chromosome 9 that is associated with a dental abnormality called maxillary canine-tooth mesioversion (MCM) (P = 1.53 × 10-7) as well as two body size traits: height (P = 1.67 × 10-5) and weight (P = 1.16 × 10-7). Using whole-genome resequencing data, we identified variants in two proximal genes: FTSJ3, encoding an RNA methyltransferase, and GH1, encoding growth hormone. A substitution in FTSJ3 and a splice donor insertion in GH1 are strongly associated with MCM and reduced body size in Shetland Sheepdogs. We demonstrated in vitro that the GH1 variant leads to exon 3 skipping, predicting a mutant protein known to cause human pituitary dwarfism. Statistical modeling, however, indicates that the FTSJ3 variant is the stronger predictor of MCM and that each derived allele reduces body size by about 1 inch and 5 pounds. In a survey of 224 breeds, both FTSJ3 and GH1 variants are frequent among very small "toy" breeds and absent from larger breeds. Our findings indicate that a chromosome 9 locus harboring tightly linked variants in FTSJ3 and GH1 reduces growth in the Shetland Sheepdog and toy breed dogs and confers risk for MCM through vertical pleiotropy.
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Cray MT, Selmic LE, Lai GP, Tulipan RJ. Surgical errors of incisional gastropexy in two dogs. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Pei‐Chun Lai
- Small Animal Clinical ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Assessment of the Prevalence of Gastric “Gravel Sign” in Dogs with Acute Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Radiological examination of gastric “gravel sign” was retrospectively conducted in 60 dogs presented with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Other radiographic findings including loss of peritoneal serosal detail, presence of radiopaque foreign bodies, gastric pneumatosis, splenomegaly, and megaesophagus, were also examined in these patients. “Gravel sign” was detected on the pre-operative radiographs of 17 dogs with acute GDV (28.3%), suggesting that these patients could be suffering from chronic partial gastric obstruction before examination. German Shepherd dogs were significantly over-represented in this group (10/17, 58.8%). Dogs with acute GDV showing “gravel sign” should be carefully investigated for the presence of underlying gastrointestinal processes that might be associated with chronic partial obstruction.
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Hullar MAJ, Lampe JW, Torok-Storb BJ, Harkey MA. The canine gut microbiome is associated with higher risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus and high risk genetic variants of the immune system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197686. [PMID: 29889838 PMCID: PMC5995382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large and giant dog breeds have a high risk for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) which is an acute, life-threatening condition. Previous work by our group identified a strong risk of GDV linked to specific alleles in innate and adaptive immune genes. We hypothesize that variation in the genes of the immune system act through modulation of the gut microbiome, or through autoimmune mechanisms, or both, to predispose dogs to this condition. Here, we investigate whether differences in the canine fecal microbiome are associated with GDV and are linked to previously identified risk alleles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Fecal samples from healthy Great Danes (n = 38), and dogs with at least one occurrence of GDV (n = 37) were collected and analyzed by paired-end sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Dietary intake and temperament were estimated from a study-specific dietary and temperament questionnaire. Dogs with GDV had significantly more diverse fecal microbiomes than healthy control dogs. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in dogs with GDV, as well as dogs with at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TRL5. We found no significant association of dietary intake and GDV. Dogs with GDV showed a significant expansion of the rare lineage Actinobacteria (p = 0.004), as well as a significantly greater abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.004) and a significantly lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (p<0.004). There was a significant difference in the abundance of 10 genera but after correction for multiple comparisons, none were significant. Bacterial phyla were significantly different between controls and dogs with GDV and at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TRL5. Actinobacteria were significantly higher in dogs with GDV and with one risk allele for DRB1 and TLR5 but not DLA88 genes. Furthermore, Collinsella was significantly increased in dogs with at least one risk allele for DRB1 and TLR5. Logistic regression showed that a model which included Actinobacteria, at least one risk allele,and temperament, explained 29% of the variation in risk of GDV in Great Danes. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome in GDV was altered by an expansion of a minor lineage and was associated with specific alleles of both innate and adaptive immunity genes. These associations are consistent with our hypothesis that immune genes may play a role in predisposition to GDV by altering the gut microbiome. Further research will be required to directly test the causal relationships of immune genes, the gut microbiome and GDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Beverly J. Torok-Storb
- Department of Transplantation Biology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Harkey
- Department of Transplantation Biology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Schwartz Z, Coolman BR. Disposable skin staplers for closure of linear gastrointestinal incisions in dogs. Vet Surg 2017; 47:285-292. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Schwartz
- Northeast Indiana Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital; Fort Wayne Indiana
| | - Bradley R. Coolman
- Northeast Indiana Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital; Fort Wayne Indiana
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Harkey MA, Villagran AM, Venkataraman GM, Leisenring WM, Hullar MAJ, Torok-Storb BJ. Associations between gastric dilatation-volvulus in Great Danes and specific alleles of the canine immune-system genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:934-945. [PMID: 28738011 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific alleles of candidate genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and innate immune system were associated with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in Great Danes. ANIMALS 42 healthy Great Danes (control group) and 39 Great Danes with ≥ 1 GDV episode. PROCEDURES Variable regions of the 2 most polymorphic MHC genes (DLA88 and DRB1) were amplified and sequenced from the dogs in each group. Similarly, regions of 3 genes associated with the innate immune system (TLR5, NOD2, and ATG16L1), which have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, were amplified and sequenced. Alleles were evaluated for associations with GDV, controlling for age and dog family. RESULTS Specific alleles of genes DLA88, DRB1, and TLR5 were significantly associated with GDV. One allele of each gene had an OR > 2 in the unadjusted univariate analyses and retained a hazard ratio > 2 after controlling for temperament, age, and familial association in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 3 GDV-associated alleles identified in this study may serve as diagnostic markers for identification of Great Danes at risk for GDV. Additional research is needed to determine whether other dog breeds have the same genetic associations. These findings also provided a new target for research into the etiology of, and potential treatments for, GDV in dogs.
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O'Neill DG, Case J, Boag AK, Church DB, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Brodbelt DC. Gastric dilation-volvulus in dogs attending UK emergency-care veterinary practices: prevalence, risk factors and survival. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:629-638. [PMID: 28833166 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes for presumptive gastric dilation-volvulus diagnosed among an emergency-care population of UK dogs. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design using emergency-care veterinary clinical records from the VetCompass Programme spanning September 1, 2012 to February 28, 2014 and risk factor analysis using multivariable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS The study population comprised 77,088 dogs attending 50 Vets Now clinics. Overall, 492 dogs had presumptive gastric dilation-volvulus diagnoses, giving a prevalence of 0·64% (95% Confidence interval: 0·58 to 0·70%). Compared with cross-bred dogs, breeds with the highest odds ratios for the diagnosis of presumptive gastric dilation-volvulus were the great Dane (odds ratio: 114·3, 95% Confidence interval 55·1 to 237·1, P<0·001), akita (odds ratio: 84·4, 95% Confidence interval 33·6 to 211·9, P<0·001) and dogue de Bordeaux (odds ratio: 82·9, 95% Confidence interval 39·0 to 176·3, P<0·001). Odds increased as dogs aged up to 12 years and neutered male dogs had 1·3 (95% Confidence interval 1·0 to 1·8, P=0·041) times the odds compared with entire females. Of the cases that were presented alive, 49·7% survived to discharge overall, but 79·3% of surgical cases survived to discharge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Approximately 80% of surgically managed cases survived to discharge. Certain large breeds were highly predisposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Case
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A K Boag
- Vets Now Ltd., Castle Riggs, Dunfermline KY11 8SG, UK
| | - D B Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P D McGreevy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - P C Thomson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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Belch A, Rubinos C, Barnes DC, Nelissen P. Modified tube gastropexy using a mushroom-tipped silicone catheter for management of gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:79-88. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Belch
- Dick White Referrals; Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
| | - C. Rubinos
- Dick White Referrals; Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
| | - D. C. Barnes
- Dick White Referrals; Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
| | - P. Nelissen
- Dick White Referrals; Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
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Fox-Alvarez WA, Case JB, Cooke KL, Garcia-Pereira FL, Buckley GJ, Monnet E, Toskich BB. Temporary percutaneous T-fastener gastropexy and continuous decompressive gastrostomy in dogs with experimentally induced gastric dilatation. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:771-8. [PMID: 27347832 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.7.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a percutaneous, continuous gastric decompression technique for dogs involving a temporary T-fastener gastropexy and self-retaining decompression catheter. ANIMALS 6 healthy male large-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency with slight left-lateral obliquity. The gastric lumen was insufflated endoscopically until tympany was evident. Three T-fasteners were placed percutaneously into the gastric lumen via the right lateral aspect of the abdomen, caudal to the 13th rib and lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle. Through the center of the T-fasteners, a 5F locking pigtail catheter was inserted into the gastric lumen and attached to a device measuring gas outflow and intragastric pressure. The stomach was insufflated to 23 mm Hg, air was allowed to passively drain from the catheter until intraluminal pressure reached 5 mm Hg for 3 cycles, and the catheter was removed. Dogs were hospitalized and monitored for 72 hours. RESULTS Mean ± SD catheter placement time was 3.3 ± 0.5 minutes. Mean intervals from catheter placement to a ≥ 50% decrease in intragastric pressure and to ≤ 6 mm Hg were 2.1 ± 1.3 minutes and 8.4 ± 5.1 minutes, respectively. After catheter removal, no gas or fluid leakage at the catheter site was visible laparoscopically or endoscopically. All dogs were clinically normal 72 hours after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The described technique was performed rapidly and provided continuous gastric decompression with no evidence of postoperative leakage in healthy dogs. Investigation is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus.
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Gazzola KM, Nelson LL, Fritz MC, Clancy MR, Hauptman JG. Effects of prophylactic incisional gastropexy on markers of gastric motility in dogs as determined by use of a novel wireless motility device. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:100-106. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marinković D, Özvegy J, Aničić M, Vučićević I, Nešić S, Kukolj V. Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in Brown Bear (Ursus arctos). ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric dilatation and volvulus is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid accumulation of food and gases that cause displacement and distension of the stomach. The large and giant, deep-chested breeds of dogs are at higher risk for developing the gastric dilatation and volvulus. Uncommonly, it can also develop in cats, but it is also described in free-range polar bears.
A case of gastric dilatation and volvulus in a brown bear (Ursus arctos) is described in this paper. This case was characterized by lack of any previous symptoms, sudden death, as well as macroscopic findings during necropsy - twisted distended stomach, congested displaced spleen and necrotic gastric wall. According to the available data this is the first described case report of the gastric dilatation and volvulus in brown bear (Ursus arctos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Marinković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jòzsef Özvegy
- Belgrade Zoo Garden, Mali Kalemegdan 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Aničić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vučićević
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađan Nešić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Kukolj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
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Spinella G, Cinti F, Pietra M, Capitani O, Valentini S. A case report of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy left-side gastropexy to resolve a recurrent gastric dilatation in a dog previously treated with right-side gastropexy for gastric dilatation volvulus. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 29:113-6. [PMID: 25813852 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, large-breed, female dog was evaluated for gastric dilatation (GD). The dog was affected by GD volvulus, which had been surgically treated with gastric derotation and right incisional gastropexy. Recurrence of GD appeared 36 hours after surgery. The dilatation was immediately treated with an orogastric probe but still recurred 4 times. Therefore, a left-side gastropexy by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed to prevent intermittent GD. After PEG tube placement, the patient recovered rapidly without side effects. Several techniques of gastropexy have been described as a prophylactic method for gastric dilatation volvulus, but to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of left-sided PEG gastropexy performed in a case of canine GD recurrence after an incisional right gastropexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Filippo Cinti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ombretta Capitani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Bruchim Y, Kelmer E. Postoperative management of dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus. Top Companion Anim Med 2014; 29:81-5. [PMID: 25496926 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to review the veterinary literature for evidence-based and common clinical practice supporting the postoperative management of dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV). GDV involves rapid accumulation of gas in the stomach, gastric volvulus, increased intragastric pressure, and decreased venous return. GDV is characterized by relative hypovolemic-distributive and cardiogenic shock, during which the whole body may be subjected to inadequate tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intensive postoperative management of the patients with GDV is essential for survival. Therapy in the postoperative period is focused on maintaining tissue perfusion along with intensive monitoring for prevention and early identification of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and consequent potential complications such as hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, acute kidney injury (AKI), gastric ulceration, electrolyte imbalances, and pain. In addition, early identification of patients in need for re-exploration owing to gastric necrosis, abdominal sepsis, or splenic thrombosis is crucial. Therapy with intravenous lidocaine may play a central role in combating IRI and cardiac arrhythmias. The most serious complications of GDV are associated with IRI and consequent systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Other reported complications include hypotension, AKI, disseminated intravascular coagulation, gastric ulceration, and cardiac arrhythmias. Despite appropriate medical and surgical treatment, the reported mortality rate in dogs with GDV is high (10%-28%). Dogs with GDV that are affected with gastric necrosis or develop AKI have higher mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Bruchim
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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Allen P, Paul A. Gastropexy for Prevention of Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in Dogs: History and Techniques. Top Companion Anim Med 2014; 29:77-80. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Aslanian ME, Sharp CR, Garneau MS. Gastric dilatation and volvulus in a brachycephalic dog with hiatal hernia. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:535-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Aslanian
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA USA
| | - C. R. Sharp
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA USA
| | - M. S. Garneau
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA USA
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20
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Knafo SE, Rosenblatt AJ, Morrisey JK, Flanders JA, Thompson MS, Knapp-Hoch HM. Diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric volvulus in a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:844-50. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.7.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Imhoff DJ, Cohen A, Monnet E. Biomechanical Analysis of Laparoscopic Incisional Gastropexy With Intracorporeal Suturing Using Knotless Polyglyconate. Vet Surg 2014; 44 Suppl 1:39-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren J. Imhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Andrea Cohen
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Eric Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
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22
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Benitez ME, Schmiedt CW, Radlinsky MG, Cornell KK. Efficacy of Incisional Gastropexy for Prevention of GDV in Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2013; 49:185-9. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Incisional gastropexy (IG) is routinely performed as either a prophylactic procedure to prevent occurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) or at the time of surgical correction of GDV to prevent recurrence. Despite its common use, the long-term efficacy of the IG procedure has not been reported. The hypothesis of this study was that IG performed either during surgical treatment of GDV or as a prophylactic measure would effectively prevent GDV. Medical records of 61 dogs undergoing IG following either gastric derotation for treatment of GDV or as a prophylactic procedure were evaluated retrospectively. Median follow-up time for all dogs was 717 days (range, 49–2,511 days). Of the 61 dogs, 27 had prophylactic IG performed. The remaining 34 dogs presented for GDV and had an IG performed during surgical treatment of GDV. No dog experienced GDV after IG. Recurrence of gastric dilatation (GD) alone was noted in 3 of 34 patients (8.8%) undergoing IG during surgery for GDV and in 3 of 27 patients (11.1%) treated prophylactically with IG. This study confirmed the efficacy of IG for the long-term prevention of GDV in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E. Benitez
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA
| | - Chad W. Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA
| | - MaryAnn G. Radlinsky
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA
| | - Karen K. Cornell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA
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23
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Mömke S, Sickinger M, Lichtner P, Doll K, Rehage J, Distl O. Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for left-sided displacement of the abomasum in German Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3959-64. [PMID: 23548285 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is one of the most common disorders of the digestive system in many dairy breeds and particularly in Holstein dairy cows. We performed a genome-wide association study for 854 German Holstein cows, including 225 cases and 629 controls. All cows were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). After quality control of genotypes, a total of 36,226 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were left for analysis. We used a mixed linear model approach for a genome-wide association study of LDA. In total, 36 SNP located on 17 bovine (Bos taurus) chromosomes (BTA) showed associations with LDA at nominal -log10P-values >3.0. Two of these SNP, located on BTA11 at 46.70 Mb and BTA20 at 16.67 Mb, showed genome-wide significant associations with LDA at -log10P-values >4.6. Pathway analyses indicated genes involved in calcium metabolism and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to be factors in the pathogenesis of LDA in German Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mömke
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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24
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Haak CE, Rudloff E, Kirby R. Comparison of Hb-200 and 6% hetastarch 450/0.7 during initial fluid resuscitation of 20 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 22:201-10. [PMID: 23016811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the use of polymerized stroma-free bovine hemoglobin (Hb-200) and 6% hetastarch 450/0.7 (HES 450/0.7) in 0.9% saline during fluid resuscitation of dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). DESIGN Prospective, randomized clinical case series. SETTING Private specialty and referral clinic. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned dogs presenting with GDV. INTERVENTIONS Dogs presenting with GDV and abnormal perfusion parameters first received rapid IV infusion of a buffered isotonic replacement crystalloid (15 mL/kg) and IV opioids. Patients were then randomized to receive either Hb-200 (N = 10) or HES 450/0.7 (N = 10). Balanced isotonic replacement crystalloids (10-20 mL/kg IV) were rapidly infused along with either Hb-200 or HES in 5 mL/kg IV aliquots to meet resuscitation end points. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Resuscitation was defined as meeting at least 2 of 3 criteria: (1) capillary refill time 1-2 seconds, pink mucous membrane color, strong femoral pulse quality; (2) heart rate (HR) ≤ 150/min; or (3) indirect arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 90 mm Hg. HR, SBP, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, glucose, venous pH, bicarbonate, base excess, anion gap, and colloid osmotic pressure were compared at hospital entry and within 30 minutes post-resuscitation. Compared to the HES group, the Hb-200 group required significantly less colloid (4.2 versus 18.4 mL/kg) and crystalloid (31.3 versus 48.1 mL/kg) to reach resuscitation end points (P = 0.001). Time to resuscitation was significantly shorter in the Hb-200 group (12.5 versus 52.5 min). CONCLUSIONS Dogs with GDV receiving Hb-200 during initial resuscitation required smaller volumes of both crystalloid and colloid fluids and reached resuscitation end points faster than dogs receiving HES 450/0.7 (P = 0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E Haak
- Animal Emergency Center and Specialty Services, Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, WI, 53209, USA.
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25
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Green JL, Cimino Brown D, Agnello KA. Preoperative thoracic radiographic findings in dogs presenting for gastric dilatation-volvulus (2000-2010): 101 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22:595-600. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Green
- From the Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; 19104-6010
| | - Dorothy Cimino Brown
- From the Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; 19104-6010
| | - Kimberly A. Agnello
- From the Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; 19104-6010
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26
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Arbaugh M, Case JB, Monnet E. Biomechanical Comparison of Glycomer 631 and Glycomer 631 Knotless for Use in Canine Incisional Gastropexy. Vet Surg 2012; 42:205-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Arbaugh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Colorado State University; Fort Collins; CO
| | - J. Brad Case
- Department of Clinical Sciences; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL
| | - Eric Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Colorado State University; Fort Collins; CO
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27
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Grange AM, Clough W, Casale SA. Evaluation of splenectomy as a risk factor for gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:461-6. [PMID: 22852571 DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether dogs undergoing splenectomy had an increased risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), compared with a control group of dogs undergoing enterotomy. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS 219 dogs that underwent splenectomy for reasons other than splenic torsion (splenectomy group; n = 172) or enterotomy (control group; 47) without concurrent gastropexy. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, date of surgery, durations of surgery and anesthesia, reason for splenectomy, histopathologic findings (if applicable), whether gastropexy was performed, duration of follow-up, and date of death (if applicable). Follow-up information, including occurrence of GDV, was obtained via medical records review and a written client questionnaire. RESULTS Reasons for splenectomy included splenic neoplasia, nonneoplastic masses, infarction, traumatic injury, and adhesions to a gossypiboma. Incidence of GDV following surgery was not significantly different between dogs of the splenectomy (14/172 [8.1 %]) and control (3/47 [6.4%]) groups. Median time to GDV for the 17 affected dogs was 352 days (range, 12 to 2,368 days) after surgery. Among dogs that underwent splenectomy, sexually intact males had a significantly higher incidence of GDV (4/16) than did castrated males and sexually intact or spayed females (10/156). Incidence of GDV among sexually intact male dogs did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results did not support a recommendation for routine use of prophylactic gastropexy in dogs at the time of splenectomy. Other patient-specific risk factors should be assessed prior to recommending this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Grange
- Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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28
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Israeli I, Steiner J, Segev G, Kass PH, Suchodolski JS, Sattasathuchana P, Bruchim Y, Yudelevitch S, Aroch I. Serum pepsinogen-A, canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and C-reactive protein as prognostic markers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:920-8. [PMID: 22594637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepsinogens are proenzymes secreted by gastric chief cells. In humans, their serum concentrations reflect gastric mucosal morphological and functional status. OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum canine pepsinogen-A (cPG-A), C-reactive protein (CRP), and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). ANIMALS Sixty-six dogs presented with GDV and 79 healthy controls. METHODS Blood was collected prospectively, and records retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Median cPG-A concentration was higher in GDV dogs (median, 397 μg/L; range, 37-5,410) compared to controls (median, cPG-A 304 μg/L; range, 18-848; P = .07). Mortality rate in GDV dogs was 22.7%. In nonsurvivors of GDV, median cPG-A was higher compared to survivors (median, 746 μg/L; range, 128-5,409 versus median, 346; range, 36-1,575, respectively; P = .003). The proportion of dogs with increased cPG-A increased with gastric wall damage score (P = .007). An ROC analysis of cPG-A as a predictor of death showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75, higher than lactate (AUC 0.66), and corresponded to a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 88%, respectively. CRP was increased in 48 dogs (75%), cPLI was >200 μg/L in 26 dogs (39.4%) and >400 μg/L in 12 dogs (18.2%) but both analytes had no association with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Presurgical cPG-A concentration was positively and significantly associated with gastric wall lesion severity, but, based on ROC analysis, it was only a moderate outcome predictor. CRP and cPLI were commonly increased in dogs with GDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Israeli
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Mömke S, Sickinger M, Rehage J, Doll K, Distl O. Transcription factor binding site polymorphism in the motilin gene associated with left-sided displacement of the abomasum in German Holstein cattle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35562. [PMID: 22536407 PMCID: PMC3334980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is a common disease in many dairy cattle breeds. A genome-wide screen for QTL for LDA in German Holstein (GH) cows indicated motilin (MLN) as a candidate gene on bovine chromosome 23. Genomic DNA sequence analysis of MLN revealed a total of 32 polymorphisms. All informative polymorphisms used for association analyses in a random sample of 1,136 GH cows confirmed MLN as a candidate for LDA. A single nucleotide polymorphism (FN298674:g.90T>C) located within the first non-coding exon of bovine MLN affects a NKX2-5 transcription factor binding site and showed significant associations (ORallele = 0.64; −log10Pallele = 6.8, −log10Pgenotype = 7.0) with LDA. An expression study gave evidence of a significantly decreased MLN expression in cows carrying the mutant allele (C). In individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the mutation, MLN expression was decreased by 89% relative to the wildtype. FN298674:g.90T>C may therefore play a role in bovine LDA via the motility of the abomasum. This MLN SNP appears useful to reduce the incidence of LDA in German Holstein cattle and provides a first step towards a deeper understanding of the genetics of LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mömke
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlene Sickinger
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Doll
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Clinical results and complications of preventive laparoscopic assisted gastropexy in 17 dogs: preliminary study. ACTA VET BRNO 2011. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201180010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In terms of GDV prevention, a number of non-surgical measures are recommended. However, the only truly reliable method is gastropexy, most often as part of a surgical treatment of GDV. Gastropexy may be performed preventively either during laparotomy indicated for another reason than GDV, or newly laparoscopically, as independent preventive gastropexy. Preventive laparoscopic assisted gastropexy (PLAG) was performed in 17 patients at the Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics of the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno. Clinical results and complications of PLAG were evaluated 3-12 months after surgery. The most frequent clinical finding of PLAG was a skinfold at the site of gastropexy immediately after the surgery (n = 8; 47%), or still on day 12 after the surgery (n = 1; 6%). As for PLAG complications, in one case a seroma formation was found at the site of gastropexy (6%); in two patients iatrogenic perforation of the splenic capsule (12%) occurred, which in one case gave reason to converting laparoscopy into laparotomy (6%). In none of the patients, death, gastropexy failure, GDV development, dehiscence, infection of or haemorrhage from the surgical wound were noted. Laparoscopic assisted gastropexy appears as a reliable and miniinvasive surgical method of GDV prevention and it may be recommended for high-risk breeds of dogs.
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31
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Green TI, Tonozzi CC, Kirby R, Rudloff E. Evaluation of initial plasma lactate values as a predictor of gastric necrosis and initial and subsequent plasma lactate values as a predictor of survival in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 84 dogs (2003-2007). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2011; 21:36-44. [PMID: 21288292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2010.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether an initial plasma lactate ≥ 6.0 mmol/L is associated with the presence of macroscopic gastric wall necrosis and overall survival in dogs presenting with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Additionally, if no association was identified we sought to identify a different predictive initial plasma lactate concentration and to examine whether serial plasma lactate concentrations provide better prediction of survival. DESIGN Retrospective study over a 5-year period (2003-2007). SETTING Urban private referral small animal teaching hospital. ANIMALS Eighty-four client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of GDV and plasma lactate measurements. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There was no statistically significant relationship found between survival and the presence of macroscopic gastric wall necrosis with the initial plasma lactate ≥ 6 mmol/L. There was a significant relationship between the initial plasma lactate >2.9 mmol/L for predicting necrosis and <4.1 mmol/L for predicting survival to discharge. Forty dogs that had an increased initial plasma lactate (>2.5 mmol/L) also had a subsequent plasma lactate measured within 12 hours of presentation, with 37/40 dogs surviving and 70% of these surviving dogs having the subsequent lactate decrease by ≥ 50% within 12 hours. The 3/40 that died failed to decrease their plasma lactate by ≥ 50% from the initial blood lactate. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that an initial presenting plasma lactate concentration ≥ 6.0 mmol/L is not predictive of macroscopic gastric wall necrosis or survival in dogs presenting with GDV. A decrease in plasma lactate concentrations ≥ 50% within 12 hours may be a good indicator for survival. Limitations to the study include its retrospective nature, the small number of patients, and the number of dogs that were euthanized rather than allowed to progress to a natural outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany I Green
- Animal Emergency Center & Specialty Services, Glendale, WI 53209, USA.
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32
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Evans KM, Adams VJ. Mortality and morbidity due to gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome in pedigree dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51:376-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Welfare concerns associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. Anim Welf 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn the UK, numerous pedigree dogs of many breeds experience compromised welfare due to the direct and indirect effects of selective breeding. Many breeds are selected to have physical conformations which, although perceived by some to be desirable, have direct negative effects upon their welfare. Dogs are regularly bred whose heads are too large and pelvises too small to birth naturally or whose faces are so flat that they are unable to breathe or exercise normally. There are also many indirect effects of selective breeding for appearance, including significantly elevated prevalence of specific diseases within particular breeds. Current breeding practices can therefore result in unnecessary suffering due to pain, disability, disease and behavioural problems. In this paper, we summarise and review the current scientific evidence for such suffering, and difficulties associated with assessing the impact of current breeding practices. Limited record-keeping, lack of transparency in the breeding and showing world, and the absence of sufficient research, mean that the full extent of the problem is difficult to assess. Furthermore, the collection of data is currently unsystematic, and although there are specific case studies of individual breeds and particular disorders, relatively few have been conducted in the UK. Individual breeds each suffer from their own array of problems, so each breed's survival and improvement (in terms of health and welfare) is likely to require a different specific course of action. With 209 breeds currently registered in the UK, this makes the situation complex. We collate and present a range of suggestions which may help to improve pedigree dog welfare significantly, and prioritise these based on expert opinion.
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34
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Mitchell EB, Hawkins MG, Gaffney PM, MacLeod AG. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in a Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46:174-80. [DOI: 10.5326/0460174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old, intact female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was presented for anorexia and abdominal distention of 24 hours’ duration. Radiographs revealed a severely distended stomach, suggestive of severe gastric dilatation or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Exploratory surgery was recommended, but the owners elected euthanasia. On necropsy, the guinea pig was found to have GDV. No underlying conditions were identified that could have predisposed this guinea pig to the development of GDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Mitchell
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Mitchell, MacLeod) the Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Hawkins); and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Gaffney); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
- From the
| | - Michelle G. Hawkins
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Mitchell, MacLeod) the Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Hawkins); and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Gaffney); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
- From the
| | - Patricia M. Gaffney
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Mitchell, MacLeod) the Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Hawkins); and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Gaffney); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
- From the
| | - Alexander G. MacLeod
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Mitchell, MacLeod) the Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Hawkins); and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Gaffney); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
- From the
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Goldhammer MA, Haining H, Milne EM, Shaw DJ, Yool DA. Assessment of the incidence of GDV following splenectomy in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 51:23-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Goldhammer
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - H. Haining
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - E. M. Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - D. J. Shaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - D. A. Yool
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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Adamik KN, Burgener IA, Kovacevic A, Schulze SP, Kohn B. Myoglobin as a prognostic indicator for outcome in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:247-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santiago JRF, Kobayasi S. The effect of gastric dilatation in rats submitted to gasified water ingestion under the hepatic metabolic function. Acta Cir Bras 2008; 23:412-6. [PMID: 18797684 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502008000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amounts of people that are overweight have been increasing within the population in significant ways during the last decades. In this view, gasified beverages have become an important environmental concern in relation to the eating habits of people, especially who lives in the USA, Mexico, and Brazil. In this order, these three countries constitute the major beverages producers and consumers of the whole world. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of gastric dilatation in rats submitted to gasified water ingestion, uniform vehicle for all soft drinks, under metabolic patterns of the hepatic function. METHODS Two groups of 15 rats were formed and observed during two weeks. The rats of the group I, were fed with 200g/day of rat food ad libitum and 100ml of non-gasified water during three daily periods. The rats composing the group II, were fed with 200g/day of rat food ad libitum and 100ml of gasified water within 3 daily periods. The media (x) and standard deviation (s) were calculated through the paired t-test for each group in order to compare the effects of the different types of water and its effect in each one of them. RESULTS The results indicated that the animals which were submitted to the treatment with gasified water (G-II), presented an increase of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0,01), tendency to increase the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) (0,10>p>0,05) and increase of the gastric area with macroscopic morphologic alterations, such as the loss of the characteristic linear depressions on the surface of the mucous membrane. CONCLUSION The gasified water favored the expansion of the gastric area and contributed to the extinction of the linear depressions of the mucous organ, which caused metabolic alterations of the hepatic function.
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Buber T, Saragusty J, Ranen E, Epstein A, Bdolah-Abram T, Bruchim Y. Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 cases (1997–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230:1334-9. [PMID: 17472559 DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.9.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine clinical features, outcome, risk factors for death, and efficacy of IV administration of lidocaine as a prophylactic treatment for ischemic reperfusion injury in gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 112 dogs with GDV. PROCEDURES Data pertaining to breed; time lag to admission; clinical, clinicopathologic, and surgical findings; lidocaine treatment; and postoperative complications were assessed for association with outcome. RESULTS German Shepherd Dogs (28.6%) and Great Danes (17%) were significantly over-represented. Risk factors for death included time lag (> or = 5 hours vs < 5 hours) from onset of clinical signs to admission (46.0% vs 11.3%), rectal temperature (< or = 38 degrees C vs > 38 degrees C [< 100.4 degrees F vs > 100.4 degrees F]) at admission (40.0% vs 14.9%), presence or absence of ARF (67.0% vs 23.3%), presence or absence of suspected gastric wall necrosis (59.3% vs 16.0%), and untreated gastric wall necrosis, compared with treated gastric wall necrosis (100% vs 47.6%). Overall mortality rate was 26.8%; no significant differences were detected in mortality rate or postoperative complications between dogs that received lidocaine IV prior to surgical intervention (52.0%) and dogs that did not (48.0%). Mean +/- SD hospitalization time was longer in the lidocaine treatment group (3.5 +/- 1.9 days vs 2.5 +/- 1.4 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Presence of the identified risk factors should warrant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Buber
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Beck JJ, Staatz AJ, Pelsue DH, Kudnig ST, MacPhail CM, Seim HB, Monnet E. Risk factors associated with short-term outcome and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery because of gastric dilatation-volvulus: 166 cases (1992–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229:1934-9. [PMID: 17173533 DOI: 10.2460/javma.229.12.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors associated with death and development of perioperative complications in dogs undergoing surgery for treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 166 dogs. PROCEDURES Records of dogs with confirmed GDV that underwent surgery were reviewed. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with development of complications (ie, hypotension, arrhythmias, gastric necrosis necessitating gastrectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, peritonitis, sepsis, postoperative dilatation, postoperative vomiting, and incisional problems) and with short-term outcome (ie, died vs survived to the time of suture removal). RESULTS Short-term mortality rate was 16.2% (27/166). Risk factors significantly associated with death prior to suture removal were clinical signs for > 6 hours prior to examination, combined splenectomy and partial gastrectomy, hypotension at any time during hospitalization, peritonitis, sepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Partial gastrectomy was not a significant risk factor for death but was for peritonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, and arrhythmias. Age, gastrectomy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were risk factors for development of hypotension. Use of a synthetic colloid or hypertonic saline solution was associated with a significantly decreased risk of hypotension. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that the prognosis for dogs undergoing surgery because of GDV is good but that certain factors are associated with an increased risk that dogs will develop perioperative complications or die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Beck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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Marconato L. Gastric Dilatationâvolvulus as Complication after Surgical Removal of a Splenic Haemangiosarcoma in a Dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:371-4. [PMID: 16922836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old crossbreed dog presented after one episode of acute collapse due to rupture of a splenic haemangiosarcoma. Following splenectomy the dog recovered well. Two days after discharge the dog re-presented because of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) that eventually led to his death. Splenectomy to remove a voluminous splenic tumour may predispose to GDV and dogs may benefit from concurrent prophylactic gastropexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marconato
- Clinica Veterinaria L'Arca, Vico Cacciottoli 46/47, 80129 Naples, Italy.
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