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Griffin MA, Martin TW, Thamm DH, Worley DR. Partial ulnar ostectomy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and palliative radiation therapy as local limb sparing treatment modalities for ulnar tumors in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1172139. [PMID: 37502712 PMCID: PMC10368977 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1172139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information on dogs that undergo limb preserving local treatment for ulnar tumors is currently limited. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in dogs that underwent partial ulnectomy or radiation therapy (RT) for ulnar bone tumors, and to evaluate potential risk factors for outcomes as well as pre-treatment factors for association with treatment modality selected. Animals Forty client-owned dogs that underwent partial ulnectomy or RT for an ulnar tumor from July 2006 to July 2021. Methods The medical records database from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed, and data were recorded and analyzed. Results Radiation therapy was performed in 24 dogs, with 12 stereotactic body RT (SBRT) and 12 palliative RT (PRT) plans, and partial ulnectomy was performed in 16 dogs. Biomechanical complications occurred in 6/12 (50%) dogs that underwent SBRT, 6/12 (50%) dogs that underwent PRT, and 3/16 (18.8%) dogs that underwent ulnectomy. The majority of dogs had a good functional outcome following partial ulnectomy, and no dogs required surgical stabilization of the carpus even with lateral styloid process excision. Pathologic fracture occurred in 4/12 (33.3%) dogs following SBRT and 5/12 (41.7%) dogs following PRT. Local progression or recurrence was documented in 5/12 (41.7%) dogs that underwent SBRT, 2/12 (16.7%) dogs that underwent PRT, and 2/16 (12.5%) dogs that underwent ulnectomy. The overall median survival time was 198 days, and factors that were significantly associated with improved survival time included adjuvant chemotherapy administration and partial ulnectomy as local treatment method for dogs that received chemotherapy. Clinical relevance Both RT and ulnectomy were effective and well tolerated local treatment modalities for dogs with ulnar tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A. Griffin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Deanna R. Worley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Leitner N, Ertl R, Gabner S, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Walter I, Hlavaty J. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines from Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071026. [PMID: 37048099 PMCID: PMC10093184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish novel canine osteosarcoma cell lines (COS3600, COS3600B, COS4074) and characterize the recently described COS4288 cells. The established D-17 cell line served as a reference. Analyzed cell lines differed notably in their biological characteristics. Calculated doubling times were between 22 h for COS3600B and 426 h for COS4074 cells. COS3600B and COS4288 cells produced visible colonies after anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. COS4288 cells were identified as cells with the highest migratory capacity. All cells displayed the ability to invade through an artificial basement membrane matrix. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the mesenchymal origin of all COS cell lines as well as positive staining for the osteosarcoma-relevant proteins alkaline phosphatase and karyopherin α2. Expression of p53 was confirmed in all tested cell lines. Gene expression analyses of selected genes linked to cellular immune checkpoints (CD270, CD274, CD276), kinase activity (MET, ERBB2), and metastatic potential (MMP-2, MMP-9) as well as selected long non-coding RNA (MALAT1) and microRNAs (miR-9, miR-34a, miR-93) are provided. All tested cell lines were able to grow as multicellular spheroids. In all spheroids except COS4288, calcium deposition was detected by von Kossa staining. We believe that these new cell lines serve as useful biological models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Leitner
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Ertl
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Hlavaty
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +431-250-77-3402; Fax: +431-250-77-3490
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Caldero Carrete J, Tabanez J, Civello A, Rusbridge C. Vertebral giant cell tumour of bone in a domestic shorthair cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231160227. [PMID: 37077341 PMCID: PMC10107977 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231160227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 5-month history of progressive non-ambulatory paraparesis. Initial vertebral column radiographs revealed an L2-L3 expansile osteolytic lesion. Spinal MRI showed a well-demarcated, compressive expansile extradural mass lesion affecting the caudal lamina, caudal articular processes and right pedicle of the second lumbar vertebra. The mass was hypointense/isointense on T2-weighted images, isointense on T1-weighted images and had mild homogeneous contrast enhancement after gadolinium administration. MRI of the remaining neuroaxis and CT of the neck, thorax and abdomen with ioversol contrast revealed no additional neoplastic foci. The lesion was removed by en bloc resection via a dorsal L2-L3 laminectomy, including the articular process joints and pedicles. Vertebral stabilisation was performed with titanium screws placed within L1, L2, L3 and L4 pedicles with polymethylmethacrylate cement embedding. Histopathology revealed an osteoproductive neoplasm composed of spindle and multinucleated giant cells without detectable cellular atypia or mitotic activity. On immunohistochemical evaluation, osterix, ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and vimentin labelling were observed. Based on the clinical and histological features, a giant cell tumour of bone was considered most likely. Follow-up at 3 and 24 weeks postoperatively demonstrated significant neurological improvement. Postoperative full-body CT at 6 months showed instability of the stabilisation construct but absence of local recurrence or metastasis. Relevance and novel information This is the first reported case of a giant cell tumour of bone in the vertebra of a cat. We present the imaging findings, surgical treatment, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and outcome of this rare neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordina Caldero Carrete
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and
Neurology, Eashing, UK
- Jordina Caldero Carrete MRCVS, Small Animal
Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst
Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Joana Tabanez
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and
Neurology, Eashing, UK
| | | | - Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and
Neurology, Eashing, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
- Wear Referrals, Bradbury, UK
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Chitty JW, Miro AC, Kaczmarska A, Guevar J, Gutierrez‐Quintana R. Frontal sinus repair using polymethyl methacrylate after craniectomy for a resection of a fronto‐parietal osteoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julien Guevar
- Vetsuisse Faculty Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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5
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Paushter A, Early P, Perkins T, Applegate J. Surgical Resection of a Parietal Osteoma in a Domestic Ferret Using Advanced Neurosurgical Techniques. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2021; 57:91-95. [PMID: 33450004 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3.5 yr old male neutered ferret presented with progressive enlargement of a right dorsocaudal skull mass that had occurred over 18 mo. Computed tomography imaging revealed a large (2.4 × 2.7 cm), well-defined, pedunculated osseous mass arising from the right parietal bone. Cytology was inconclusive, and surgical biopsy was consistent with an osteoma. Further enlargement of the mass occurred over the next 3 mo, at which time surgical intervention was pursued. The patient recovered well, despite the persistence of a bony defect at the former mass site, and no mass regrowth occurred in the 14 mo following the surgical resection. This is one of only two reports in the literature to document the surgical removal of an osteoma in a ferret, and this is the sole case in which a custom apparatus was fabricated for head stabilization, a multiaxis adjustable surgical table was used to improve access to the surgical site, and an ultrasonic scalpel was used for the mass resection.
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Ruaux C, Champion CP, Pemberton S, Munday JS. Vernet’s syndrome (jugular foramen syndrome) secondary to osteoma of the tympanic bulla in a young male dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Ruaux
- School of Veterinary ScienceMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Pemberton
- School of Veterinary ScienceMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - John S Munday
- School of Veterinary ScienceMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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Demographic characteristics, site and phylogenetic distribution of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 744 dogs (2000-2015). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223243. [PMID: 31887114 PMCID: PMC6936818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To report demographic characteristics of a contemporary population of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and assess the relationship between demographic characteristics, site distribution, and phylogenetic breed clusters. Design Retrospective case series. Methods A search of the Veterinary Medical Database was performed for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma as a new diagnosis. Entries were reviewed for the sex, neuter status, age at diagnosis, breed, affected limb, and tumor location. The reported breed for purebred dogs was used to categorize each dog into one of five phylogenetic groups based on microsatellite analysis. Results 744 client-owned dogs were included in the study. Study dogs were represented by a male-to-female ratio of 0.95:1.0, the majority of which (80.9%) were neutered. Most dogs were diagnosed between 7–10 years of age. The majority (77.8%) of dogs were large or giant-breed dogs. Purebred dogs comprised 80.4% of the population. The most common purebred breed affected by OS was the Rottweiler (17.1%). The most common phylogenetic group represented was Mastiff-Terrier (M-T, 26.3%). OS was more commonly located in the forelimb (64.2%) versus the hindlimb (35.8%), and the humerus was the most common site (20.9%). The distribution of age groups and tumor locations were significantly different between phylogenetic clusters. The distribution of age groups and neuter status were significantly different between size groups. Conclusions and significance The demographic data of canine appendicular OS are similar to previous reports. The data on phylogenetic associations can guide future studies aimed at evaluating the genomic mutations that contribute to OS development and its biological behavior.
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Wilson-Robles H, Franks K, Pool R, Miller T. Characterization of five newly derived canine osteosarcoma cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:357. [PMID: 31640712 PMCID: PMC6805340 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine and human osteosarcomas (OS) are notably similar and have a high rate of metastasis. There is a poor understanding of the tumor development process, predisposing causes, and varying levels of aggression among different cell lines. By characterizing newly developed canine osteosarcoma cell lines, treatments for people and pets can be developed. Of the seven subtypes of OS, three are represented in this group: osteoblastic (the most common), fibroblastic, and giant cell variant. To our knowledge, there are no other giant cell variant canine OS cell lines in the published literature and only one canine fibroblastic osteosarcoma cell line. Understanding the differences between the histologic subtypes in dogs will help to guide comparative research. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase expression was ubiquitous in all cell lines tested and invasiveness was variable between the cell lines tested. Invasiveness and oxidative damage were not correlated with in vivo growth rates, where TOT grew the fastest and had the higher percentage of mice with metastatic lesions. TOL was determined to be the most chemo-resistant during cisplatin chemotherapy while TOM was the most chemo-sensitive. CONCLUSIONS Further comparisons and studies using these cell lines may identify a variety of characteristics valuable for understanding the disease process and developing treatments for osteosarcoma in both species. Some of this data was presented as a poster by KMF at the August 5th, 2017 National Veterinary Scholars Program in Bethesda, MA. Characterization of 5 newly generated canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Kelli Franks, Tasha Miller, Heather Wilson-Robles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelli Franks
- 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - Roy Pool
- 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - Tasha Miller
- 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77845 USA
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9
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Tumielewicz KL, Hudak D, Kim J, Hunley DW, Murphy LA. Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:271-296. [PMID: 30900396 PMCID: PMC6682806 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help educate veterinarians in primary and tertiary facilities to know how to diagnose and treat these serious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Hudak
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Murphy
- Veterinary Specialty Center of DelawareNewcastleDelawareUSA
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10
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Al-Khan AA, Gunn HJ, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Immunohistochemical Validation of Spontaneously Arising Canine Osteosarcoma as a Model for Human Osteosarcoma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:256-265. [PMID: 29169619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from bone-forming mesenchymal cells and represents one of the primary bone tumours. It is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs and man. The characterization of an appropriate natural disease animal model to study human OS is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to validate canine OS as a model for the human disease by evaluating immunohistochemically the expression of markers known to be important in human OS. The immunohistochemical panel included vimentin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), desmin, S100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Immunohistochemistry was conducted on formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections from 59 dogs with confirmed primary OS. Vimentin, ALP, Runx2 and BMP4 were highly expressed by all tumours, while desmin, S100 and NSE were expressed variably. The findings were similar to those described previously for human OS and suggest that canine OS may represent a useful model for the study of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H J Gunn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - M Tayebi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Leeper H, Viall A, Ruaux C, Bracha S. Preliminary evaluation of serum total cholesterol concentrations in dogs with osteosarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:562-569. [PMID: 28660727 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if total serum cholesterol concentrations were altered in dogs with osteosarcoma. To evaluate association of total serum cholesterol concentration with clinical outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective, multi-institutional study on 64 dogs with osteosarcoma. Control population consisted of dogs with traumatic bone fractures (n=30) and healthy patients of similar age and weight as those of the osteosarcoma cases (n=31). Survival analysis was done on 35 appendicular osteosarcoma patients that received the current standard of care. Statistical associations were assessed by univariable and multi-variable analysis. Information about age, sex, primary tumour location, total cholesterol concentration, monocytes and lymphocyte counts and alkaline phosphatase were also included. RESULTS Total cholesterol was elevated above the reference interval (3·89 to 7·12 mmol/L) (150 to 275 mg/dL) in 29 of 64 (45·3%) osteosarcoma-bearing dogs, whereas similar elevations were found in only 3 of 30 (10%) fracture controls (P<0·0001) and 2 of 31 (6·5%) similar age/weight controls (P=0·0002). Elevated total cholesterol was significantly associated with a reduced hazard ratio (0·27, P=0·008) for overall mortality in dogs with osteosarcoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that elevated total cholesterol is associated with canine osteosarcoma and may have prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leeper
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4801, USA
| | - A Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa, 50011-1134, USA
| | - C Ruaux
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4801, USA
| | - S Bracha
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4801, USA
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Sato R, Une Y, Madarame H, Hanami H, Kanai E, Murakami H, Tsukamoto A, Suzuki T, Ochiai H, Kikuchi M, Tanaka H, Onda K. A nasal osteoma with an acute course in a Japanese Black heifer. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1220-1224. [PMID: 28579581 PMCID: PMC5559367 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-month-old Japanese Black heifer presented with unilateral epistaxis and mild swelling of the right face. Radiography revealed a mass with increased radiopacity on the right side of the nasal bridge, extending to the left side. Intranasal endoscopy confirmed a large tumor-like structure protruding into the nasal cavity. Following euthanasia, cranial computed tomography (CT) was performed, revealing a tumor 24.3 × 17.5 × 14.8 cm in size. The tumor occupied the entire right nasal cavity and the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of well-differentiated trabecular bones and loose connective tissue. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of osteoma was established. This report describes a case of osteoma with an acute course in a Japanese Black heifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiichiro Sato
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hyougo Hanami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kanai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ragiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takehito Suzuki
- Laboratory of Nutirion, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ochiai
- Institute of Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masato Kikuchi
- Seibu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Agricultural and Mutual Aid Association, 154-11 Ijino Aza Koshinori, Shisui-machi, Inba-gun, Chiba 285-0902, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Seibu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba Agricultural and Mutual Aid Association, 154-11 Ijino Aza Koshinori, Shisui-machi, Inba-gun, Chiba 285-0902, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Heblinski N, Schmökel H. Surgical management of myelopathy caused by a solitary spinal osteochondroma in a young cat. JFMS Open Rep 2017; 3:2055116916688397. [PMID: 35145721 PMCID: PMC8822335 DOI: 10.1177/2055116916688397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-month-old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat was presented with fast-progressing ataxia of the pelvic limbs. MRI and CT were performed, revealing a bony proliferation at T11, with mass effect and laterodorsal compression of the spinal cord. After hemilaminectomy and the removal of the bony mass, the cat recovered uneventfully. At the 1 year follow-up, the cat did not show any neurological deficits or signs of recurrence. Relevance and novel information Solitary osteochondroma as a cause of neurological deficits in the pelvic limb has been described in dogs and humans, but, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reported feline cases described in the literature, in which CT and MRI were performed in combination with the successful removal of the lesion and an excellent outcome for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Heblinski
- Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital Strömsholm, Strömsholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Schmökel
- Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital Strömsholm, Strömsholm, Sweden
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Pagano C, Boudreaux B, Shiomitsu K. SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF AN ACCELERATED COARSELY FRACTIONATED RADIATION PROTOCOL FOR TREATMENT OF APPENDICULAR OSTEOSARCOMA IN 14 DOGS: 10 GY × 2 FRACTIONS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:551-6. [PMID: 27374864 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarsely fractionated radiation is commonly used as a method for pain control in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma, however there is little published information on optimal protocols. The aim of this retrospective, descriptive study was to report safety and toxicity findings in a sample of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that had been treated with a radiation scheme of 10 Gy delivered over two consecutive days for a total of 20 Gy. Dogs were included in the study if they had osteosarcoma that was treated with the aforementioned protocol. Dogs were excluded if treated with the same protocol for any other bone tumor besides osteosarcoma or inadequate follow-up. Thirteen of the 14 patients received adjuvant therapy with pamidronate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory. Nine dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin after radiation was complete. Within a median of 14 days, 92.8% of dogs subjectively had improved pain control. Median duration of response (DOR) was 80 days (range 20-365). The majority of patients developed VRTOG grade one toxicity, primarily alopecia. Five dogs (35.7%) developed pathologic fracture postradiation treatment. Timing of fracture was variable ranging from 24 to 250 days. This radiation protocol was well tolerated, with minimal toxicity, subjectively improved survival time, and had the benefit of being completed in two consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803.
| | - Bonnie Boudreaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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Szewczyk M, Lechowski R, Zabielska K. What do we know about canine osteosarcoma treatment? Review. Vet Res Commun 2014; 39:61-7. [PMID: 25422073 PMCID: PMC4330401 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of bone tumors in dogs, which has high metastasis ability. 80 % of dogs with OSA die due to lung metastasis. As a result its treatment is a challenge for veterinary practitioners. The authors discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and the possible risk factors of OSA. The article focuses on literature review and the study of recent advances in OSA treatment. The authors describe therapies which have significantly prolonged the lives of dogs, as well as those that have proven to be ineffective. Advantages and disadvantages of limb amputation and limb-sparing surgery have been described. Authors present also the results of both single agent’s therapies with the most commonly used drugs as cisplatin, carboplatin and doxorubicin and compare them to the results obtained using combined chemotherapy. The use of nanotechnology as a new approach in OSA treatment in order to avoid multidrug resistance and reduce negative side effects of cytostatic drugs is presented. The main reasons of the therapies failure are also provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Szewczyk
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. Lechowski
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zabielska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Amsellem PM, Selmic LE, Wypij JM, Bacon NJ, Culp WTN, Ehrhart NP, Powers BE, Stryhn H, Farese JP. Appendicular osteosarcoma in small-breed dogs: 51 cases (1986–2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:203-10. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Cardoso JFR, Levy MGB, Liparisi F, Romão MAP. Osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). J Avian Med Surg 2014; 27:218-21. [PMID: 24344513 DOI: 10.1647/2012-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. Radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. Osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in birds with respiratory distress and swelling of the nostril.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Felipe Rito Cardoso
- Cell Proliferation Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Monte Alegre, CEP:14049-900, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Liparisi
- Laboratory of Anatomic-Pathology, Anhanguera Educational, Cabuçu Street, CEP: 24859-640, Itaborai - RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Antonio Pinto Romão
- Departament of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Vital Brazil Filho Street, 64, CEP: 24230-340, Vital Brazil, Niteroi RJ, Brazil
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Using canine osteosarcoma as a model to assess efficacy of novel therapies: can old dogs teach us new tricks? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:237-56. [PMID: 24924178 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its domestication more than 10,000 years ago, the dog has been the animal that most intimately shares our work and homelife. Interestingly, the dog also shares many of our diseases including cancer such as osteosarcoma. Like the human, osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy of the dog and death from pulmonary metastasis is the most common outcome. The incidence of this spontaneous bone neoplasm occurs ten times more frequently that it does so in children with about 8,000-10,000 cases estimated to occur in dogs in the USA. Because there is no "standard of care" in veterinary medicine, the dog can also serve us by being a model for this disease in children. Although the most common therapy for the dog with osteosarcoma is amputation followed by chemotherapy, not all owners choose this route. Consequently, novel therapeutic interventions can be attempted in the dog with or without chemotherapy that could not be done in humans with osteosarcoma due to ethical concerns. This chapter will focus on the novel therapies in the dog that have been reported or are in veterinary clinical trials at the author's institution. It is hoped that collaboration between veterinary oncologists and pediatric oncologists will lead to the development of novel therapies for (micro- or macro-) metastatic osteosarcoma that improve survival and might ultimately lead to a cure in both species.
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Lane A, Black M, Wyatt K. Toxicity and efficacy of a novel doxorubicin and carboplatin chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation. Aust Vet J 2013; 90:69-74. [PMID: 22339117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel doxorubicin and carboplatin chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation. DESIGN Retrospective study. PROCEDURE Dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma, with no evidence of metastatic disease, treated with amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of two doses of doxorubicin given 14 days apart, followed by four doses of carboplatin at 3-weekly intervals between September 2003 and December 2009 were identified from the medical records of Perth Veterinary Oncology. Haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were assessed based on information in the medical records and recorded complete blood count results. The efficacy of the protocol was assessed by determining the median disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival time (OST) using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS In total, 33 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The median DFI was 231.5 days and the median OST was 247 days. With regard to haematological toxicity, 56% of dogs had a grade 1-2 neutropenia recorded as their highest marrow toxicity and 9% of dogs experienced a grade 3-4 neutropenia, all subsequent to doxorubicin administration. The highest gastrointestinal toxicity was grade 1-2 in 15 dogs (47%) and 5 dogs (16%) experienced grade 3-4 gastrointestinal toxicity. CONCLUSION This chemotherapy protocol did not result in a longer time to disease recurrence or OST in this population of dogs. Dual-agent protocols have failed to improve survival times and therefore we conclude that a single-agent protocol using carboplatin may be equally effective with less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Lane
- Perth Veterinary Oncology, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Coyle VJ, Rassnick KM, Borst LB, Rodriguez CO, Northrup NC, Fan TM, Garrett LD. Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999-2007). Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:89-97. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Coyle
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | - K. M. Rassnick
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - L. B. Borst
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - C. O. Rodriguez
- Davis School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - N. C. Northrup
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - T. M. Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | - L. D. Garrett
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
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21
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Trost ME, Kommers GD, Brown CC, Barros CS, Irigoyen LF, Fighera RA, Inkelmann MA, Silva TMD. Primary bone neoplasms in dogs: 90 cases. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy cases of 90 primary bone tumors (89 malignant and one benign) in dogs received over a period of 22 years at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, was performed. Osteosarcoma was the most prevalent bone tumor, accounting for 86.7% of all malignant primary bone neoplasms diagnosed. Most cases occurred in dogs of large and giant breeds with ages between 6 and 10-years-old. The neoplasms involved mainly the appendicular skeleton, and were 3.5 times more prevalent in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the predominant histological subtype. Epidemiological and pathological findings of osteosarcomas are reported and discussed.
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McNeill CJ, Overley B, Shofer FS, Kent MS, Clifford CA, Samluk M, Haney S, Van Winkle TJ, Sorenmo KU. Characterization of the biological behaviour of appendicular osteosarcoma in Rottweilers and a comparison with other breeds: a review of 258 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 5:90-8. [PMID: 19754792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare Rottweilers diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OSA) with other breeds to determine whether Rottweilers experienced a more aggressive form of the disease. Two hundred and fifty-eight dogs were evaluated (102 clinical and 156 necropsy cases). In the necropsy population, Rottweilers had a younger mean age at death (7.3 versus 9 years, P = 0.006). There were no significant differences between Rottweilers and other breeds in age at diagnosis, median disease-free interval or survival time. However, Rottweilers were more likely to have metastasis to the brain (7 versus 0%, P = 0.03). These results suggest that OSA in Rottweilers may have a different biological behaviour, but this study did not confirm that these differences were associated with a worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J McNeill
- Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
An 11-year-old male Belgian shepherd dog was evaluated for a one-week history of progressive lethargy, decreased appetite and excessive panting. On physical examination, a pedunculated mass protruding from the right side of the tongue base was observed. The mass was solid, irregular and multi-lobulated, and it measured approximately 4 × 2 cm. The mass was surgically excised. The histological examination was consistent with a lingual osteoma and the margins were free of neoplastic cells. The dog was euthanased eight months after the diagnosis because of an unrelated problem and no evidence of recurrence at the surgical site was appreciated at that time. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of a lingual osteoma in a dog, and, therefore, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses on the tongue, especially pedunculated masses located at the base of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernandez
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08093, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Prins DGJ, Wittek T, Barrsett DC. Maxillary osteosarcoma in a beef suckler cow. Ir Vet J 2012; 65:15. [PMID: 22788782 PMCID: PMC3443040 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-65-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A ten-year-old beef suckler cow was referred to the Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health & Food Safety of the University of Glasgow, because of facial swelling in the region of the right maxilla. The facial swelling was first noticed three months earlier and was caused by a slow growing oral mass which contained displaced, loosely embedded teeth. The radiographic, laboratory and clinicopathological findings are described. Necropsy, gross pathology and histological findings confirmed the mass as a maxillary osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diether G J Prins
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health & Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, G61 1QH, UK.
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25
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Grozdanic S, Riedesel EA, Ackermann MR. Successful medical treatment of an orbital osteoma in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16:135-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rodriguez CO, Crabbs TA, Wilson DW, Cannan VA, Skorupski KA, Gordon N, Koshkina N, Kleinerman E, Anderson PM. Aerosol gemcitabine: preclinical safety and in vivo antitumor activity in osteosarcoma-bearing dogs. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2010; 23:197-206. [PMID: 19803732 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common skeletal malignancy in the dog and in young humans. Although chemotherapy improves survival time, death continues to be attributed to metastases. Aerosol delivery can provide a strategy with which to improve the lung drug delivery while reducing systemic toxicity. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety of a regional aerosol approach to chemotherapy delivery in osteosarcoma-bearing dogs, and second, to evaluate the effect of gemcitabine on Fas expression in the pulmonary metastasis. METHODS We examined the systemic and local effects of aerosol gemcitabine on lung and pulmonary metastasis in this relevant large-animal tumor model using serial laboratory and arterial blood gas analysis and histopathology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Six hundred seventy-two 1-h doses of aerosol gemcitabine were delivered. The treatment was well tolerated by these subjects with osteosarcoma (n = 20). Aerosol-treated subjects had metastatic foci that demonstrated extensive, predominately central, intratumoral necrosis. Fas expression was decreased in pulmonary metastases compared to the primary tumor (p = 0.008). After aerosol gemcitabine Fas expression in the metastatic foci was increased compared to lung metastases before treatment (p = 0.0075), and even was higher than the primary tumor (p = 0.025). Increased apoptosis (TUNEL) staining was also detected in aerosol gemcitabine treated metastasis compared to untreated controls (p = 0.028). The results from this pivotal translational study support the concept that aerosol gemcitabine may be useful against pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. Additional studies that evaluate the aerosol route of administration of gemcitabine in humans should be safe and are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Rodriguez
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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27
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Rodrigues B, Faraco C, Oliveira R, Cheuiche S, Teixeira F, Kirst C, Faraon A, Sousa E. Pelvic osteosarcoma ressection in a bitch: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An osteosarcoma involving the pelvis was diagnosed in a 9-year-old neutered Labrador bitch. The clinical signs manifested by the patient before surgical removal of the tumor included urinary difficulty, dyschezia, and inconstant non-weight-bearing on the hindlimbs. These signs were linked to the localization of the tumor, which was identified as a firm and painful mass of the size of an orange in the caudal abdomen. The favorable short term clinical results after surgery and carboplatin chemotherapy showed that the association of these approaches can be employed to manage discomfort inflicted by tumor and, therefore improve the quality of life of patient of bone cancer.
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28
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OKADA M, KITAGAWA M, NAGASAWA A, ITOU T, KANAYAMA K, SAKAI T. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Findings of Vertebral Osteosarcoma in a Cat. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:513-7. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Midori OKADA
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center
- Pet Clinic ANIHOS
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29
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Bacon NJ, Ehrhart NP, Dernell WS, Lafferty M, Withrow SJ. Use of alternating administration of carboplatin and doxorubicin in dogs with microscopic metastases after amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma: 50 cases (1999-2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:1504-10. [PMID: 18479240 DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.10.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of an alternating carboplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy protocol in dogs with putative microscopic metastases after amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma and assess patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors for associations with prognosis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 50 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Records of dogs that underwent amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma and received an alternating carboplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy protocol were reviewed. Dogs had full staging and were free of detectable metastases prior to chemotherapy. Data on disease-free interval (DFI), survival time, and toxicoses were retrieved from medical records and owner or referring veterinarian communications. RESULTS Median DFI was 202 days. Median survival time was 258 days. Twenty-nine (58%) dogs completed the protocol as planned, and the rest were withdrawn typically because of metastases or toxicoses. Grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression was reported in 9 of 50 (18%) dogs and grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal toxicosis in 6 of 50 (12%) dogs. There were no chemotherapy-related fatalities. Univariate factors associated with significant improvement in DFI included tumor location (radius), receiving doxorubicin as the first drug, starting chemotherapy more than 14 days after amputation, and no rib lesions on preamputation bone scans. Multivariate factors associated with a significant improvement in survival time were tumor location (radius) and completing chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alternating administration of carboplatin and doxorubicin resulted in DFI and survival time similar to those reported for single-agent protocols. Clients should be counseled regarding the likelihood of toxicoses. Relevance of sequence and timing of starting chemotherapy should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bacon
- Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Loukopoulos P, Robinson WF. Clinicopathological Relevance of Tumour Grading in Canine Osteosarcoma. J Comp Pathol 2007; 136:65-73. [PMID: 17270206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour grading assesses biological aggressiveness and is of prognostic significance in many malignancies. The clinicopathological features of 140 primary canine osteosarcomas and their metastases were analysed, and the interrelations between them and an established grading system and its constituent parameters (mitotic index, necrosis, pleomorphism) were examined. Of these tumours, 35% were grade III (high-grade), 37% grade II and 28% grade I. Primary tumours that had metastasized were of significantly higher grade than non-metastatic osteosarcomas. Osteosarcomas belonging to the osteoblastic minimally productive subtype, but not chondroblastic or telangiectatic subtypes, differed from fibroblastic osteosarcomas in being associated with a significantly higher number of high-grade cases. Dogs younger than 4 years of age had osteosarcomas with higher grade, score and mitotic index than did older animals. Appendicular differed from axial tumours in having a higher mitotic index; distal differed from proximal tumours in being of higher grade; cranial tumours differed from tumours in most other sites in being of lower grade and lower mitotic index. Rib osteosarcomas showed a particularly high degree of necrosis. The mitotic index varied widely between tumour locations. Pleomorphism did not have prognostic merit when examined separately, as most osteosarcomas were highly pleomorphic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loukopoulos
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Abstract
Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus was diagnosed in a four-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat that was presented with a slowly growing solid mass in the region of the proximal humerus. Forequarter amputation was advised, but declined by the owners. Following surgical debulking clinical signs resolved, but two months after surgery the cat was readmitted because the mass had recurred in the same region. The forequarter was amputated. Histopathological evaluation of the tumour confirmed the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. Follow-up examinations performed over a period of 15 months from initial presentation revealed that the cat was doing well and had no signs of metastatic disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus in a cat to be diagnosed and surgically treated. This case demonstrates that animals with such tumours may recover well after complete excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Merchav
- Section of Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Hidaka Y, Hagio M, Uchida K, Hara Y. Primary Hemangiosarcoma of the Humerus in a Maltese Dog. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:895-8. [PMID: 16953096 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old intact male Maltese dog was presented with a history of pain and swelling of the left upper forelimb and lameness for 3 weeks. Hematological and radiographical examinations showed regenerative anemia and osteolysis of the humerus. Fine needle aspiration biopsy detected epithelioid- and fibroblast-like anaplastic cells with blood components. A hemorrhagic and osteolytic malignant tumor was suspected, and the affected forelimb was amputated. Histopathologically, the dog was diagnosed with primary hemangiosarcoma of the humerus. Thereafter, metastatic lesions appeared in the skin, and the dog was euthanized 1 month after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hidaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, Japan
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Abstract
Malignancies of the musculoskeletal system in dogs and cats can be categorized as either primary or metastatic within the bony or soft structures that comprise the musculoskeletal system. By far, the most common tumor that affects the musculoskeletal system in dogs is osteosarcoma. The most common tumors that affect the musculoskeletal system in cats are injection site sarcomas. These tumors are locally infiltrative; whereas up to 25% metastasize, most animals die from our inability to control local disease. The aim of this article is to provide a brief review of the biologic behavior of and treatment recommendations for common tumors of the musculoskeletal system, excluding the oral and nasal cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthanne Chun
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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34
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Reinhardt S, Stockhaus C, Teske E, Rudolph R, Brunnberg L. Assessment of cytological criteria for diagnosing osteosarcoma in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46:65-70. [PMID: 15736811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the specific cytological criteria of osteosarcomas in dogs. METHODS Significant cytological characteristics of osteosarcoma and benign mesenchymal bone proliferations were determined from imprint smears of 25 dogs with osteosarcoma (group 1) and 20 dogs admitted for removal of surgical bone implants after uncomplicated healing of bone fractures (group 2). RESULTS Mild to moderate cellular necrosis occurred frequently in patients with osteosarcoma. The cytoplasm of osteoblasts was pale blue to blue with a more pronounced basophilia in group 2. In 48 per cent of the patients in group 1, but none in group 2, osteoblasts showed a slight to moderate eosinophilic cytoplasmic granulation. In both groups, osteoblasts contained one red to pale blue nucleus with one or two grey-red to blue nucleoli in group 2. Forty-four per cent of animals in group 1 had osteoblasts with more than two nucleoli per nucleus. The median nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio was higher in group 1 (1:2.0) than in group 2 (1:3.5). Osteoblasts in group I were frequently seen to have a clumped chromatin pattern and showed significantly more criteria of malignancy (median six criteria per patient) than those in group 2 (median two criteria per patient). In group 1, mitoses of osteoblasts were detectable in 23 of 25 dogs, whereas only one dog in group 2 had evidence of mitotic osteoblasts. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cytological criteria can be helpful in the diagnosis of canine osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reinhardt
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Scherrer W, Holsworth I, Goossens M, Schulz K. Coxofemoral Arthroscopy and Total Hip Arthroplasty for Management of Intermediate Grade Fibrosarcoma in a Dog. Vet Surg 2005; 34:43-6. [PMID: 15720595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the use of arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for management of intermediate grade fibrosarcoma of the femoral head in a dog. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMAL A 6-year-old spayed female Rottweiler presented for evaluation of acute-onset of lameness of the right pelvic limb of approximately 10 days duration. METHODS Coxofemoral arthroscopy was performed to obtain fine needle aspiration and Jamshidi biopsy of a lytic lesion of the femoral head. A cemented THA was performed removing as much of the femoral neck and proximal femur as possible while not compromising implant or joint stability. RESULTS Histologic evaluation of specimens from the femoral head and neck remnants confirmed an intermediate grade fibrosarcoma. Fifteen months after THA, subjectively there was normal use of the right limb with only limited decrease in range of motion and mild muscular atrophy. Radiographs demonstrated stationary positioning of the THA implants. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopy of the coxofemoral joint is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of disease of the articular structures and canine total hip replacement may be an appropriate means of limb salvage in rare cases of disease of the femoral head. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This case provides support for the use of coxofemoral arthroscopy as a diagnostic tool as well as an aid in acquiring representative intraarticular tissue samples. Additionally, the case presented demonstrates the potential use of THA as a limb sparing technique in cases of disease affecting the femoral head of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Scherrer
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Pérez V, Rúa P, Benavides J, Ferreras MC, García Marín JF. Osteoma in the skull of a sheep. J Comp Pathol 2004; 130:319-22. [PMID: 15053936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An osteoma located in the frontal bone and nasal cavity is described in a 4-year-old dairy sheep with respiratory difficulty and progressive emaciation. The mass was hard, formed by bone, and caused compression of the ethmoidal labyrinth. Microscopically, the tumour was characterized by trabeculae of woven bone, frequently coexisting with lamellar bone composed of fine fibres, lined by osteoblasts and surrounded by a fibrous stroma. A severe chronic inflammation was seen in the nasal mucosa. Differential diagnosis is discussed, particularly in relation to ossifying fibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pérez
- Departamento de Patología Animal: Medicina Animal (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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37
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Chun R, de Lorimier LP. Update on the biology and management of canine osteosarcoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2003; 33:491-516, vi. [PMID: 12852233 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor diagnosed in dogs. Our understanding of the risk factors and genetic changes in canine OSA patients is growing, but specific, innovative therapeutic strategies are slow in coming. Appendicular skeletal osteosarcoma, the most frequent form of this disease, is typically seen in large to giant breeds, with males being overrepresented in most reports. Axial skeletal OSA is less common than appendicular OSA, but the biologic behavior of the disease is equally aggressive in all skeletal sites except for the mandible. Though the current standard of care for dogs with osteosarcoma remains surgical resection of the affected site, followed by chemotherapy with either a platinum- (cisplatin or carboplatin) or doxorubicin-based protocol, novel therapies are being actively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthanne Chun
- Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, USA.
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38
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Morello E, Buracco P, Martano M, Peirone B, Capurro C, Valazza A, Cotto D, Ferracini R, Sora M. Bone allografts and adjuvant cisplatin for the treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma in 18 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:61-6. [PMID: 11263699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb01993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The results achieved in 18 dogs following the use of frozen bone cortical allografts for limb-sparing resection of non-metastatic canine appendicular osteosarcoma are presented. Three to five cisplatin doses (70 mg/m2) were administered, starting the day after surgery. The mean and median survival times were 478 and 266 days (range 80 to 2,611 days), respectively. The survival rate was 94 per cent at three months, 78 per cent at six months, 35 per cent at 12 months, 23 per cent at 18 months and 19 per cent at 24 months; the disease-free interval was 80 to 1,246 days (mean 365 days, median 266 days). Lung metastasis developed in 55 per cent of the dogs within one year. Complications were observed in 14/18 dogs (78 per cent), comprising local recurrence (28 per cent), allograft infection (39 per cent) and implant failure (11 per cent). Despite complications, limb sparing is a useful alternative to amputation in selected cases of appendicular osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morello
- Department of Patologia Animale, Torino Turin, Italy
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39
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Abstract
Three cases of haemanglosarcoma in the scapula of the dog are reported. Two cases were euthanased soon after diagnosis, due to the presence of metastases, while the third was treated surgically and recovered well. However, seven months after surgery, this dog was re-presented with a cervical spinal problem which was presumed to be a metastatic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Erdem
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
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Tomlin JL, Sturgeon C, Pead MJ, Muir P. Use of the bisphosphonate drug alendronate for palliative management of osteosarcoma in two dogs. Vet Rec 2000; 147:129-32. [PMID: 10958534 DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.5.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphonate drug alendronate was used to suppress bone remodelling and tumour osteolysis as a palliative treatment for two dogs with osteosarcoma, one of the tibia and one of the maxilla. A spiral fracture associated with the tibial tumour healed after it was stabilised with an external skeletal fixator. Both dogs remained comfortable and survived for 12 and 10 months respectively after diagnosis, despite the fact that neither primary tumour was resected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tomlin
- The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms
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41
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42
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Heyman SJ, Diefenderfer DL, Goldschmidt MH, Newton CD. Canine axial skeletal osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 116 cases (1986 to 1989). Vet Surg 1992; 21:304-10. [PMID: 1455640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1992.tb00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Axial skeletal osteosarcomas were evaluated retrospectively in 116 dogs. Thirty-one tumors occurred in the mandible, 26 in the maxilla, 17 in the spine, 14 in the cranium, 12 in the ribs, 10 in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and 6 in the pelvis. Medium-sized and large dogs were most commonly affected. Females outnumbered males 2.1:1, but this varied with tumor location. The mean age was 8.7 years. Osteosarcomas of the rib occurred in significantly younger dogs (mean age, 5.4 years) than osteosarcomas at any other axial skeletal site. Pulmonary metastasis was diagnosed radiographically in 11.1% of the dogs. The median survival for dogs treated surgically was 22 weeks, the 1-year survival was 26.3%, and the 2-year survival was 18.4%. The tumor recurrence rate was 66.7%. Most dogs (79.6%) died or were euthanatized for problems associated with the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Heyman
- Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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44
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Abstract
In this problem-oriented review of abnormalities associated with cancer, we have emphasized distinctive diagnostic points related to pathogenesis for each condition and outlined how the approach to management is determined by pathogenesis. For abnormalities of the complete blood count, it is important to distinguish between abnormalities directly related to marrow malignancy and abnormalities associated with extramarrow malignancy. Hemopoietic tumors consist of developmentally deficient blood cells produced by a clonal population of malignant stem cells. Tumors infiltrating marrow cause overcrowding in the limited marrow microenviroment. Extramarrow malignancies cause blood abnormalities, but the potential for normal marrow function is present. Abnormalities of blood cells secondary to therapy are usually clearly identified by consideration of clinical history. The initial differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia is malignancy. An aggressive diagnostic approach may be needed to identify the neoplasm, and therapy should incorporate measures to prevent renal failure. Hypoproteinemia and hyperproteinemia may be caused by neoplasia. Monoclonal gammopathies should be identified and may be associated with hyperviscosity syndrome. Hypoglycemia in the adult animal is most frequently caused by insulin-secreting tumors, but it has also been associated with hepatic and other tumors. Increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipase, amylase, and liver enzyme activities may also be caused by malignancy. Inadequate urine concentrating ability may be caused by hypercalcemia or malignancy-associated renal insufficiency. Hematuria in older animals is suggestive of urinary tract neoplasia. Exfoliated tumor cells may be identified in the urine sediment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kruth
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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45
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Abstract
Considerable morbidity can be associated with cancer and the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Knowledge of a tumor's likely clinical behavior and an awareness of the benefits and morbidity associated with treatment will help the clinician and the owner find the most appropriate plan of action for the aged pet with cancer. Tumor cell heterogeneity is a concept of enormous importance in our understanding of neoplasia. Phenotypic variations within cancer cell populations often confound our attempts to cure a patient's cancer. Frequently, we are forced to settle for palliative therapy when our patient's cancer has advanced beyond our ability to rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Morrison
- Purdue Comparative Oncology Program, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
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46
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Abstract
This article presents methods currently used for limb preservation in dogs with primary bone sarcomas. Emphasis is placed on diagnosis, proper patient selection, and perioperative management.
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47
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Abstract
Thoracic neoplasia comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases, many of which are distinctly uncommon in veterinary medicine. These diseases often present the clinician with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Careful diagnostic work-up and staging are essential for consideration of therapeutic options and formulation of prognosis. Neoplastic diseases of the thorax are classified here as tracheal tumors, primary lung tumors, nonrespiratory intrathoracic tumors, and thoracic wall tumors.
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