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Dou D, Ji Y, Zheng J, Li J, Zhu X, Tang S, Wang H, Li Q, Jing H. A New Role for Conivaptan in Ulcerative Colitis in Mice: Inhibiting Differentiation of CD4 +T Cells into Th1 Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3683-3692. [PMID: 34751838 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conivaptan, a nonselective antagonist of vasopressin receptors V1a and V2, is the first drug of this class to be used for treating euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. Recently, increasing evidence supports the involvement of vasopressin in immune responses. AIMS In this study, we investigated the effect of conivaptan on the modulation of CD4+ T cell homeostasis and the progression of experimental colitis. METHODS The expression of the V1a receptor on CD4+ T cells was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. The subset of isolated CD4+ T cells were examined after arginine vasopressin (AVP) incubation. CD4+ T cells were injected into DNBS-induced mice through the tail vein. The severity of colitis was evaluated according to weight, disease activity index (DAI), and morphological injury. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling in CD4+ T cells was measured using the Fluo-3 AM loading method. T-bet and IFN-γ mRNAs in the colon were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS We found that CD4+ T cells expressed the V1a receptor. Activation of the V1a receptor significantly promoted the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) cells. This process was blocked by conivaptan treatment. However, the activation of the V1a receptor did not evoke an increase in [Ca2+]i in CD4+ T cells. Notably, conivaptan markedly alleviated body weight loss, pathological damage, and expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in the colon of DNBS-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report that conivaptan attenuated colitis by inhibiting the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory role of conivaptan is independent of [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dou
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuge Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhai Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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2
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Zetter M, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Pando R. Involvement of Vasopressin in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A New Therapeutic Target? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31244771 PMCID: PMC6563385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly complex infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lung and systemic immune-neuroendocrine responses that have been associated with pathophysiology and disease outcome. Vasopressin (VP), a neurohypophysial hormone with immunomodulatory effects, is abnormally high in plasma of some patients with pulmonary TB, and is apparently produced ectopically. In this study, a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary TB was used to determine whether VP may play a role in TB pathophysiology. Our results show that VP gene is expressed in the lung since early infection, increasing as the infection progressed, and localized mainly in macrophages, which are key cells in mycobacterial elimination. Pharmacologic manipulation using agonist and antagonist compounds showed that high and sustained stimulation of VPR resulted in increased bacillary burdens and fibrosis at lungs, while blockade of VP receptors reduced bacterial loads. Accordingly, treatment of infected alveolar macrophages with VP in cell cultures resulted in high numbers of intracellular Mtb and impaired cytokine production. Thus, we show that VP is ectopically produced in the tuberculous lungs, with macrophages being its most possible target cell. Further, it seems that chronic vasopressinergic stimulation during active late disease causes anti-inflammatory and tissue reparative effects, which could be deleterious while its pharmacologic suppression reactivates protective immunity and contributes to shorten conventional chemotherapy, which could be a new possible form of immune-endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zetter
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rogelio Hernández-Pando
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3
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Zhang L, Khattar N, Kemenes I, Kemenes G, Zrinyi Z, Pirger Z, Vertes A. Subcellular Peptide Localization in Single Identified Neurons by Capillary Microsampling Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12227. [PMID: 30111831 PMCID: PMC6093924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell mass spectrometry (MS) is uniquely positioned for the sequencing and identification of peptides in rare cells. Small peptides can take on different roles in subcellular compartments. Whereas some peptides serve as neurotransmitters in the cytoplasm, they can also function as transcription factors in the nucleus. Thus, there is a need to analyze the subcellular peptide compositions in identified single cells. Here, we apply capillary microsampling MS with ion mobility separation for the sequencing of peptides in single neurons of the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis, and the analysis of peptide distributions between the cytoplasm and nucleus of identified single neurons that are known to express cardioactive Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide-like (FMRFamide-like) neuropeptides. Nuclei and cytoplasm of Type 1 and Type 2 F group (Fgp) neurons were analyzed for neuropeptides cleaved from the protein precursors encoded by alternative splicing products of the FMRFamide gene. Relative abundances of nine neuropeptides were determined in the cytoplasm. The nuclei contained six of these peptides at different abundances. Enabled by its relative enrichment in Fgp neurons, a new 28-residue neuropeptide was sequenced by tandem MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Nikkita Khattar
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ildiko Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Gyorgy Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Center for Ecological Research, 8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Center for Ecological Research, 8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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4
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Portelius E, Mattsson N, Pannee J, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Vanderstichele H, Gkanatsiou E, Crespi GAN, Parker MW, Miles LA, Gobom J, Blennow K. Ex vivo 18O-labeling mass spectrometry identifies a peripheral amyloid β clearance pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:18. [PMID: 28219449 PMCID: PMC5317049 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proteolytic degradation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides has been intensely studied due to the central role of Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. While several enzymes have been shown to degrade Aβ peptides, the main pathway of Aβ degradation in vivo is unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 is reduced in AD, reflecting aggregation and deposition in the brain, but low CSF Aβ42 is, for unknown reasons, also found in some inflammatory brain disorders such as bacterial meningitis. Method Using 18O-labeling mass spectrometry and immune-affinity purification, we examined endogenous proteolytic processing of Aβ in human CSF. Results The Aβ peptide profile was stable in CSF samples from healthy controls but in CSF samples from patients with bacterial meningitis, showing increased leukocyte cell count, 18O-labeling mass spectrometry identified proteolytic activities degrading Aβ into several short fragments, including abundant Aβ1–19 and 1–20. After antibiotic treatment, no degradation of Aβ was detected. In vitro experiments located the source of the proteolytic activity to blood components, including leukocytes and erythrocytes, with insulin-degrading enzyme as the likely protease. A recombinant version of the mid-domain anti-Aβ antibody solanezumab was found to inhibit insulin-degrading enzyme-mediated Aβ degradation. Conclusion 18O labeling-mass spectrometry can be used to detect endogenous proteolytic activity in human CSF. Using this technique, we found an enzymatic activity that was identified as insulin-degrading enzyme that cleaves Aβ in the mid-domain of the peptide, and could be inhibited by a recombinant version of the mid-domain anti-Aβ antibody solanezumab. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0152-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University Hospital, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University Hospital, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University Hospital, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Michael W Parker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Miles
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University Hospital, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University Hospital, SE-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
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5
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Chang WC, Hsu PI, Chen YY, Hsiao M, Lu PJ, Chen CH. Observation of peptide differences between cancer and control in gastric juice. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:55-62. [PMID: 21136779 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for various diseases have been extensively searched for the past 5 years. Nevertheless, most efforts were focused on the search for protein biomarkers from serum samples. In this work, we tried to look for peptide biomarkers from gastric juice samples with MALDI-TOF-MS. More than 200 gastric juice samples from healthy people, gastric ulcer patients, duodenal ulcer patients, and cancer patients were examined. There were clear pattern differences of mass spectra among samples from healthy people and patients with different gastric diseases. We found five peptides for gastric cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Sequences of these five peptides, including two pepsinogen fragments, leucine zipper protein fragment, albumin fragment, and α-1-antitrypsin fragment, have been identified by mass spectrometric analysis and immuno-deplete assay with antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Berczi I, Quintanar-Stephano A, Kovacs K. Neuroimmune regulation in immunocompetence, acute illness, and healing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1153:220-39. [PMID: 19236345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunocompetence is maintained by growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and vasopressin (VP). Innate or natural immunocompetence depends on cytokines, hormones (especially of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis), and catecholamines. The acute phase response (APR, or acute febrile illness) is an emergency defense reaction whereby the adaptive, T cell-dependent, immune reactions are suppressed and the innate immune function is dramatically amplified. Infection and various forms of injury induce APR. Cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6] stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and VP secretion and cause a "sympathetic outflow." Colony-stimulating factors activate leukocytes. CRH is a powerful activator of the pituitary adrenocortical axis and elevates glucocorticoid (GC) levels. Cytokines, GCs, and catecholamines play fundamental roles in the amplification of natural immune defense mechanisms. VP supports the APR at this stage. However, VP remains active and is elevated for a longer period than is CRH. VP, but not CRH, is elevated during chronic inflammatory diseases. VP controls adaptive immune function and stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and PRL secretion. PRL maintains the function of the thymus and of the T cell-dependent adaptive immune system. The ACTH-adrenal axis stimulates natural immunity and of suppressor/regulatory T cells, which suppress the adaptive immune system. VP also has a direct effect on lymphoid cells, the significance of which remains to be elucidated. It is suggested that VP regulates the process of recovery from acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Berczi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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7
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Chen CHW. Review of a current role of mass spectrometry for proteome research. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:16-36. [PMID: 18706308 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to give readers a snapshot of current mass spectrometry for proteomics research. It covers a brief history of mass spectrometry proteomic research, peptidomics and proteomics for biomarker search, quantitative proteomics, proteomics with post-translational modification and future perspective of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsuan Winston Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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8
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Paulson L, Persson R, Karlsson G, Silberring J, Bierczynska-Krzysik A, Ekman R, Westman-Brinkmalm A. Proteomics and peptidomics in neuroscience. Experience of capabilities and limitations in a neurochemical laboratory. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:202-213. [PMID: 15706622 DOI: 10.1002/jms.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of proteomics has created a basis for new strategies to develop methodologies for rapid identification of protein patterns in living organisms. It has also become evident that proteomics has other potential applications than protein and peptide identification, e.g. protein characterization, with the aim of revealing their structure, function(s) and interactions of proteins. In comparative proteomics studies, the protein expression of a certain biological system is compared with another system or the same system under perturbed conditions. Global identification of proteins in neuroscience is extremely complex, owing to the limited availability of biological material and very low concentrations of the molecules. Moreover, in addition to proteins, there are number of peptides that must also be considered in global studies on the central nervous system. In this overview, we focus on and discuss problems related to the different sources of biological material and sample handling, which are part of all preparatory and analytical steps. Straightforward protocols are desirable to avoid excessive purification steps, since loss of material at each step is inevitable. We would like to merge the two worlds of proteomics/peptidomics and neuroscience, and finally we consider different practical and technical aspects, illustrated with examples from our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Paulson
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Experimental Neuroscience Section, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
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9
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Baker C, Richards LJ, Dayan CM, Jessop DS. Corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in human T and B cells and macrophages: colocalization with arginine vasopressin. J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15:1070-4. [PMID: 14622437 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are expressed in cells of the immune system where they exert immunomodulatory roles, but these neuropeptides are poorly characterized in human immune tissues. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations and distribution of CRH and AVP in nonactivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from normal human subjects were separated into enriched subpopulations of T and B cells and monocytes/macrophages by a magnetic bead/monoclonal antibody technique. CRH and AVP were measured in cell extracts by radioimmunoassay (RIA). CRH-immunoreactivity (ir) ranged 0.24-0.8 fmol/million cells (n = 6 subjects) in T cell extracts, 0.4-2.7 fmol/million cells (n = 4) in B cells and 0.63-2.16 fmol/million cells (n = 4) in macrophages. AVP-ir ranged 0.2-0.95 fmol/million cells in T cell extracts, <0.1-0.8 fmol/million cells in B cells and 0.14-3.19 fmol/million cells in macrophages. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of T and B cell extracts revealed a peak of CRH-ir which coeluted with synthetic CRH-41; this peak was not present in macrophages. A second peak of CRH-ir which eluted in a more hydrophobic position was observed in extracts of T and B cells and macrophages. This unidentified form of CRH-ir is the predominant form of CRH-ir in nonactivated human PBMC. This is the first study to demonstrate that CRH-ir and AVP-ir are colocalized within human T cells, B cells and monocytes/macrophages. We have confirmed observations of a variant form of CRH-ir in human PBMC and show that this is the predominant form in macrophages and B cells whereas CRH-ir, which coelutes with CRH(1-41) on HPLC, is present in significant amounts only in T cells. These data also confirm that CRH-ir in human PBMC is not urocortin because the antiserum used in the CRH RIA does not bind to urocortin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baker
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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10
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Hashemi SH, Li JY, Ahlman H, Dahlström A. SSR2(a) receptor expression and adrenergic/cholinergic characteristics in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Res 2003; 28:449-60. [PMID: 12675130 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022848718109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SS) is an inhibitory regulator of secretory and proliferative responses that activates a group of receptors in the plasma membrane termed SSR1-5. SSR2 is one of the most abundant SSR, which also is expressed in high numbers in many neuroendocrine tumor types. Here, we describe a study of the presence and intracellular localization of the spliced variant SSR2(a) and its endogenous ligand SS in the cultured human neuroblastoma (NB) cell line, SH-SY5Y, by immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning. The integral neuronal synaptic vesicle membrane proteins synaptophysin (p38) and SV2 were studied, as well as the IR of catecholaminergic and cholinergic markers. RA treatment was used as an inducer of neuronal-like differentiation in our SH-SY5Y cell line. After the treatment, the presence of catecholaminergic markers (including NPY) decreased while the cholinergic markers (including VIP) increased. p38 and SV2 as well as VIP were shifted into the rather long neuritic processes, indicating efficient intracellular transport. The SSR2(a) protein was significantly increased by RA treatment, but only minor increases in mRNA for this receptor protein could be seen. No subcellular co-localization between p38/SV2 and the cytoplasmic granular receptor material was demonstrated. The SSR2(a) receptor ligand SS was found to be present not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus, and more strongly so after RA treatment. The possible reason for this may be that this peptide, like other small peptides, may serve as transcription factor, or cofactor.
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11
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Ekman R, Persson R, Nilsson CL. Neurodevelopmental influences on the immune system reflecting brain pathology. Neurotox Res 2002; 4:565-572. [PMID: 12754167 DOI: 10.1080/10298420290031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that early life events can affect the development of the nervous system, contributing to particular individual differences in later vulnerability to different forms of psychosocial stress related to the environment and lifestyle. Neuropeptides, chemokines (CKs), neurotrophins (NTs) belong to the chemical microenvironment of the cells of the central nervous system (CNS). This paper reviews research performed in our and other laboratories indicating that mass spectrometry should play a significant role in future studies of the structures of proteins/peptides in neuroscience. These applications include peptide metabolism associated with normal and impaired neurone/immune function. Detailed information about peptide/protein processing in the CNS may be studied by using the lymphocyte as a model reflecting different chemical modifications of peptides/proteins related to various psychosomatic disturbances reflecting disorders of environment and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Ekman
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Experimental Neuroscience Section, Unit of Neurochemistry, Göteborg University, SE 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
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12
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Bergquist J, Ekman R. Future aspects of psychoneuroimmunology - lymphocyte peptides reflecting psychiatric disorders studied by mass spectrometry. Arch Physiol Biochem 2001; 109:369-71. [PMID: 11935375 DOI: 10.1076/apab.109.4.369.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated whether cytoplasmatic and nuclear extracts of human peripheral blood lymphocytes contain arginine vasopressin (AVP), of importance for memory functions, in samples from healthy controls and patients diagnosed as depressed. It is the first time as AVP, AVP-fragments and chemically modified AVP-forms have been demonstrated in lymphocyte/nuclear extracts. This was performed by an HPLC-purification step, followed by a second immunoprecipitation step before identification by mass spectrometry. We are developing new methods using a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and separation techniques such as capillary electrophoresis and nano liquid chromatography. We have named this methodological approach when studying endogenous peptides -Peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bergquist
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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