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Emanuel J, Papies J, Galander C, Adler JM, Heinemann N, Eschke K, Merz S, Pischon H, Rose R, Krumbholz A, Kulić Ž, Lehner MD, Trimpert J, Müller MA. In vitro and in vivo effects of Pelargonium sidoides DC. root extract EPs ® 7630 and selected constituents against SARS-CoV-2 B.1, Delta AY.4/AY.117 and Omicron BA.2. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214351. [PMID: 37564181 PMCID: PMC10410074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 strains emphasizes the importance to search for broad-acting antiviral compounds. Our previous in vitro study showed that Pelargonium sidoides DC. root extract EPs® 7630 has combined antiviral and immunomodulatory properties in SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung cells. Here we assessed in vivo effects of EPs® 7630 in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, and investigated properties of EPs® 7630 and its functionally relevant constituents in context of phenotypically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. We show that EPs® 7630 reduced viral load early in the course of infection and displayed significant immunomodulatory properties positively modulating disease progression in hamsters. In addition, we find that EPs® 7630 differentially inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants in nasal and bronchial human airway epithelial cells. Antiviral effects were more pronounced against Omicron BA.2 compared to B.1 and Delta, the latter two preferring TMPRSS2-mediated fusion with the plasma membrane for cell entry instead of receptor-mediated low pH-dependent endocytosis. By using SARS-CoV-2 Spike VSV-based pseudo particles (VSVpp), we confirm higher EPs® 7630 activity against Omicron Spike-VSVpp, which seems independent of the serine protease TMPRSS2, suggesting that EPs® 7630 targets endosomal entry. We identify at least two molecular constituents of EPs® 7630, i.e., (-)-epigallocatechin and taxifolin with antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication and cell entry. In summary, our study shows that EPs® 7630 ameliorates disease outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and has enhanced activity against Omicron, apparently by limiting late endosomal SARS-CoV-2 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine Galander
- Institute of Virology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M. Adler
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eschke
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruben Rose
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Žarko Kulić
- Preclinical R&D, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin D. Lehner
- Preclinical R&D, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Wu AZY, Loh SH, Cheng TH, Lu HH, Lin CI. Antiarrhythmic effects of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:69-80. [PMID: 23116965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been proposed as an effective compound for improving cardiac contractility. However, the therapeutic potential of ECG on the treatment of arrhythmia remains unknown. We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM), which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias. By using the whole-cell patch-clamp configurations, we found ECG enhanced the slowly inactivating component of voltage-gated Na(+) currents (I(Na)) in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-100 μM) with an EC(50) value of 3.8 μM. ECG not only shifted the current-voltage relationship of peak I(Na) to the hyperpolarizing direction but also accelerated I(Na) recovery kinetics. Working at a concentration level of I(Na) enhancement, ECG has no notable effect on voltage-gated K(+) currents and L-type Ca(2+) currents. With culture time increment, the firing rate of spontaneous action potential (sAP) in NRVMs was gradually decreased until spontaneous early after-depolarization (EAD) was observed after about one week culture. ECG increased the firing rate of normal sAP about two-fold without waveform alteration. Interestingly, the bradycardia-dependent EAD could be significantly restored by ECG in fast firing rate to normal sAP waveform. The expression of dominant cardiac sodium channel subunit, Nav1.5, was consistently detected throughout the culture periods. Our results reveal how ECG, the novel I(Na) agonist, may act as a promising candidate in clinical applications on cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Zhi-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Feng W, Hwang HS, Kryshtal DO, Yang T, Padilla IT, Tiwary AK, Puschner B, Pessah IN, Knollmann BC. Coordinated regulation of murine cardiomyocyte contractility by nanomolar (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major green tea catechin. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:993-1000. [PMID: 22918967 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenolic catechins exhibit biological activity in a wide variety of cell types. Although reports in the lay and scientific literature suggest therapeutic potential for improving cardiovascular health, the underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. Previous studies have implicated a wide range of molecular targets in cardiac muscle for the major green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), but effects were observed only at micromolar concentrations of unclear clinical relevance. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations of EGCG significantly enhance contractility of intact murine myocytes by increasing electrically evoked Ca(2+) transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content, and ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) channel open probability. Voltage-clamp experiments demonstrate that 10 nM EGCG significantly inhibits the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger. Of importance, other Na(+) and Ca(2+) handling proteins such as Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-H(+) exchanger, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were not affected by EGCG ≤ 1 μM. Thus, nanomolar EGCG increases contractility in intact myocytes by coordinately modulating SR Ca(2+) loading, RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) release, and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange. Inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity probably contributes to the positive inotropic effects observed at EGCG concentrations >1 μM. These newly recognized actions of nanomolar and micromolar EGCG should be considered when the therapeutic and toxicological potential of green tea supplementation is evaluated and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for improving contractile function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Kang J, Cheng H, Ji J, Incardona J, Rampe D. In Vitro Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Ion Channel Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, the Main Catechin of Green Tea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:619-26. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Raab T, Barron D, Vera FA, Crespy V, Oliveira M, Williamson G. Catechin glucosides: occurrence, synthesis, and stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2138-2149. [PMID: 20112905 DOI: 10.1021/jf9034095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Catechins are flavonoids with suggested health benefits, but are unstable during storage, processing and, after ingestion, during gut transit. We hypothesized that catechin glucosides, which occur in various plants, could be more stable than unsubstituted catechin, and additionally be deglucosylated in the gut and so act to deliver catechin in a form able to be absorbed. (+)-Catechin O-glucosides from various sources have been used in the course of this investigation. (+)-Catechin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C3'G), (+)-catechin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C5G), and (+)-catechin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) were chemically synthesized. (+)-Catechin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C4'G) and (+)-catechin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C7G) were prepared enzymically using preparations from lentil and barley. In general, but with some exceptions, the (+)-catechin glucosides were more stable between pH 4 and 8 than (+)-catechin, with C3'G exhibiting greatest stability. The intestinal metabolism of (+)-catechin and all (+)-catechin glucosides in the gut was determined by perfusion of rat intestine in vivo. C3'G and C5G were extensively deglycosylated in the gut, and C3'G showed greatest apparent "absorption" as calculated by the difference between effluent and influent. The results show the potential of catechin glucosides, especially C3'G, as more stable prescursors of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Raab
- Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by oregano, cranberry and sodium lactate combination in broth and cooked ground beef systems and likely mode of action through proline metabolism. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Campos-Toimil M, Orallo F. Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Ca2+ -permeable non-selective cation channels and voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2007; 80:2147-2153. [PMID: 17499810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin of tea, on Ca(2+)-permeable non-selective cation currents (NSCC) and voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCC) have been investigated in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Under the Cs(+)/tetraethylammonium (TEA)-containing internal solution, and in the presence of nifedipine (1 microM), EGCG (30 microM) activated a long-lasting inward current, with a reversal potential (E(rev)) of approximately 0 mV. This current was not significantly altered by the replacement of [Cl(-)](i) or [Cl(-)](o), implying that the inward current was not a chloride channel, but a NSCC. SKF 96365 (30 microM) and Cd(2+) (500 microM) almost completely abolished the EGCG-induced NSCC. A higher dose of EGCG (100 microM) additionally activated a nifedipine-sensitive inward current in the absence of depolarization protocol. EGCG (100 microM) also potentiated a nifedipine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ba(2+)-current during the first 5 min of incubation. However, after > 10 min of incubation with EGCG, this current was significantly inhibited. Our results suggest that EGCG caused a Ca(2+) influx into smooth muscle cells via VOCC (probably L-type) and other SKF-96365- and Cd(2+)-sensitive Ca(2+)-permeable channels. The action described here may be responsible for the contraction induced by EGCG in rat aortic rings and for the rise of the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells evoked by this catechin. On the other hand, the inhibition of VOCC after > 10 min of incubation may be, in part, responsible for the relaxation of rat aorta induced by EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Francisco Orallo
- Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain.
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Abstract
Tea has been found to possess widespread biological functions based on a variety of laboratory data. The effects of tea on obesity and diabetes have received increasing attention. This paper reviews the evidence for the connections among tea catechins, and obesity and diabetes. Tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), appear to have antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. While few epidemiological and clinical studies show the health benefits of EGCG on obesity and diabetes, the mechanisms of its actions are emerging based on the various laboratory data. These mechanisms may be related to certain pathways, such as through the modulations of energy balance, endocrine systems, food intake, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the redox status, and activities of different types of cells (i. e., fat, liver, muscle, and beta-pancreatic cells). Because the EGCG receptor, the so-called 67-kDa laminin receptor (LR), has been discovered with colocalization of other types of LR and cytoskeleton in both cancer cells and normal cells, this may explain that EGCG possesses numerous actions. The mechanistic results of this review may possibly be utilized in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other related diseases using tea- and EGCG-based folk medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Dorchies OM, Wagner S, Vuadens O, Waldhauser K, Buetler TM, Kucera P, Ruegg UT. Green tea extract and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate improve muscle function in a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C616-25. [PMID: 16403950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a frequent muscular disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein that contributes to the stabilization of muscle fiber membrane during muscle activity. Affected individuals show progressive muscle wasting that generally causes death by age 30. In this study, the dystrophic mdx(5Cv) mouse model was used to investigate the effects of green tea extract, its major component (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and pentoxifylline on dystrophic muscle quality and function. Three-week-old mdx(5Cv) mice were fed for either 1 or 5 wk a control chow or a chow containing the test substances. Histological examination showed a delay in necrosis of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in treated mice. Mechanical properties of triceps surae muscles were recorded while the mice were under deep anesthesia. Phasic and tetanic tensions of treated mice were increased, reaching values close to those of normal mice. The phasic-to-tetanic tension ratio was corrected. Finally, muscles from treated mice exhibited 30-50% more residual force in a fatigue assay. These results demonstrate that diet supplementation of dystrophic mdx(5Cv) mice with green tea extract or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate protected muscle against the first massive wave of necrosis and stimulated muscle adaptation toward a stronger and more resistant phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Camellia sinensis/chemistry
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Catechin/therapeutic use
- Diet
- Disease Models, Animal
- Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Pentoxifylline/pharmacology
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M Dorchies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Geneva, Switzerland
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Lin YT, Kwon YI, Labbe RG, Shetty K. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and associated urease by oregano and cranberry phytochemical synergies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 71:8558-64. [PMID: 16332847 PMCID: PMC1317381 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.12.8558-8564.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcer-associated dyspepsia is caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori is linked to a majority of peptic ulcers. Antibiotic treatment does not always inhibit or kill H. pylori with potential for antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for using phenolic phytochemical extracts to inhibit H. pylori in a laboratory medium. Our approach involved the development of a specific phenolic profile with optimization of different ratios of extract mixtures from oregano and cranberry. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial-linked urease inhibition ability were evaluated. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity was greater in extract mixtures than in individual extracts of each species. The results also indicate that the synergistic contribution of oregano and cranberry phenolics may be more important for inhibition than any species-specific phenolic concentration. Further, based on plate assay, the likely mode of action may be through urease inhibition and disruption of energy production by inhibition of proline dehydrogenase at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Wu YL, Ohsaga A, Oshiro T, Iinuma K, Kondo Y, Ebihara S, Sasaki H, Maruyama Y. Suppressive effects of red wine polyphenols on voltage-gated ion channels in dorsal root ganglionic neuronal cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2005; 206:141-50. [PMID: 15888970 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.206.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites with multiple pharmacological properties. Using whole-cell patch-clamp current recording techniques, we studied the effects of polypnenols extracted from red wine (purity > 90% from Cabernet Sauvignon grape wine) on the activities of voltage-operated Na+-, K+-, and Ca2+-channel currents in mouse dorsal root ganglionic neuronal cells. The polyphenols suppressed all of the channel activities with half-effective concentrations of about 2.5, 4.0, and 0.8-1.5 micro g/ml, respectively. In contrast, they showed no noticeable effects on the ion channels in other types of cells, including large conductance K+-channels in mouse lacrimal acinar cells. Thus, the polyphenols suppress firings of the action potential in the neuronal cells and could show a sedative effect on the excitation. We expect that red wine can be used as a remedy for excessive sensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan L Wu
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Vattem D, Randhir R, Shetty K. Cranberry phenolics-mediated antioxidant enzyme response in oxidatively stressed porcine muscle. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim SY, Ahn BH, Kim J, Bae YS, Kwak JY, Min G, Kwon TK, Chang JS, Lee YH, Yoon SH, Min DS. Phospholipase C, protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and redox state are involved in epigallocatechin gallate-induced phospholipase D activation in human astroglioma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:3470-80. [PMID: 15317582 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-2956.2004.04242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We show that epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity in U87 human astroglioma cells. EGCG-induced PLD activation was abolished by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor and a lipase inactive PLC-gamma1 mutant, which is dependent on intracellular or extracellular Ca(2+), with the possible involvement of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). EGCG induced translocation of PLC-gamma1 from the cytosol to the membrane and PLC-gamma1 interaction with PLD1. EGCG regulates the activity of PLD by modulating the redox state of the cells, and antioxidants reverse this effect. Moreover, EGCG-induced PLD activation was reduced by PKC inhibitors or down-regulation of PKC. Taken together, these results show that, in human astroglioma cells, EGCG regulates PLD activity via a signaling pathway involving changes in the redox state that stimulates a PLC-gamma1 [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-Ca(2+)]-CaM kinase II-PLD pathway and a PLC-gamma1 (diacylglycerol)-PKC-PLD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HJ, Yum KS, Sung JH, Rhie DJ, Kim MJ, Min DS, Hahn SJ, Kim MS, Jo YH, Yoon SH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases intracellular [Ca2+] in U87 cells mainly by influx of extracellular Ca2+ and partly by release of intracellular stores. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003; 369:260-7. [PMID: 14647974 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Green tea has been receiving considerable attention as a possible preventive agent against cancer and cardiovascular disease. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol component of green tea. Using digital calcium imaging and an assay for [3H]-inositol phosphates, we determined whether EGCG increases intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in non-excitable human astrocytoma U87 cells. EGCG induced concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i. The EGCG-induced [Ca2+]i increases were reduced to 20.9% of control by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The increases were also inhibited markedly by treatment with the non-specific Ca2+ channel inhibitors cobalt (3 mM) for 3 min and lanthanum (1 mM) for 5 min. The increases were not significantly inhibited by treatment for 10 min with the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (100 nM). Treatment with the inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase thapsigargin (1 micro M) also significantly inhibited the EGCG-induced [Ca2+]i increases. Treatment for 15 min with the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor neomycin (300 micro M) attenuated the increases significantly, while the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (30 micro M) had no effect. EGCG increased [3H]-inositol phosphates formation via PLC activation. Treatment for 10 min with mefenamic acid (100 micro M) and flufenamic acid (100 micro M), derivatives of diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, blocked the EGCG-induced [Ca2+]i increase in non-treated and thapsigargin-treated cells but indomethacin (100 micro M) did not affect the increases. Collectively, these data suggest that EGCG increases [Ca2+]i in non-excitable U87 cells mainly by eliciting influx of extracellular Ca2+ and partly by mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ stores by PLC activation. The EGCG-induced [Ca2+]i influx is mediated mainly through channels sensitive to diphenylamine-2-carboxylate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, 137-701 Seoul, Korea
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