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Cytotoxic Effects of Newly Synthesized Heterocyclic Candidates Containing Nicotinonitrile and Pyrazole Moieties on Hepatocellular and Cervical Carcinomas. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101965. [PMID: 31121825 PMCID: PMC6572605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of newly synthesized substituted pyridine 9, 11-18, naphthpyridine derivative 10 and substituted pyrazolopyridines 19-23 by using cycnopyridone 8 as a starting material. Some of the synthesized candidates are evaluated as anticancer agents against different cancer cell lines. In vitro cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular and cervical carcinoma cell lines were evaluated using standard MTT assay. Different synthesized compounds exhibited potential in vitro cytotoxic activities against both HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Furthermore, compared to standard positive control drugs, compounds 13 and 19 showed the most potent cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 8.78 ± 0.7, 5.16 ± 0.4 μg/mL, and 15.32 ± 1.2 and 4.26 ± 0.3 μg/mL for HepG2 and HeLa cells, respectively.
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2
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Dai C, Li M, Chen M, Luo N, Wang C. Novel synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and (E)-3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819831883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of cyanocyclopropanecarbonates and ( E)-3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates mediated by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives in moderate to good yields (79%−87%) was developed. The structures of two typical products were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Naili Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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3
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Zeferino-Díaz R, Olivera-Castillo L, Dávalos A, Grant G, Kantún-Moreno N, Rodriguez-Canul R, Bernès S, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Fernández-Herrera MA. 22-Oxocholestane oximes as potential anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Premi M, Sharma HK. Effect of extraction conditions on the bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera (PKM 1) seeds and their identification using LC–MS. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Chuang SC, Sung SP, Deng JC, Chiou MF, Hsu DS. Multicomponent reactions of phosphines, enynedioates and benzylidene malononitriles generated highly substituted cyclopentenes through an unexpected phosphine α-addition-δ-evolvement of an anion pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2306-17. [PMID: 26806006 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions of phosphines, enynedioates and benzylidene malononitriles provide highly substituted syn-selective cyclopentenes appending the phosphorus ylide moiety in good yield with a diastereoselectivity of up to 100% through resonance-derived 1,5-dipolar species as the key intermediates, via the nucleophilic α(δ')-attack of phosphines toward enynedioates followed by addition to benzylidene malononitriles and 5-exo-dig cyclization. Through computational analyses, the overall reactions for the formation of syn- and anti-diastereomers are both exothermic with 65.6 and 66.3 kcal mol(-1) at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d) level of theory and were found to be kinetically controlled, which favours the formation of syn-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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6
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Naim MJ, Alam O, Nawaz F, Alam MJ, Alam P. Current status of pyrazole and its biological activities. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2016; 8:2-17. [PMID: 26957862 PMCID: PMC4766773 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole are potent medicinal scaffolds and exhibit a full spectrum of biological activities. This review throws light on the detailed synthetic approaches which have been applied for the synthesis of pyrazole. This has been followed by an in depth analysis of the pyrazole with respect to their medical significance. This follow-up may help the medicinal chemists to generate new leads possessing pyrazole nucleus with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Naim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Nawaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Jahangir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Perwaiz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree Ganpati Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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de Oliveira JF, da Silva AL, Vendramini-Costa DB, da Cruz Amorim CA, Campos JF, Ribeiro AG, Olímpio de Moura R, Neves JL, Ruiz ALTG, Ernesto de Carvalho J, Alves de Lima MDC. Synthesis of thiophene-thiosemicarbazone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 104:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Viveka S, Dinesha, Shama P, Nagaraja GK, Ballav S, Kerkar S. Design and synthesis of some new pyrazolyl-pyrazolines as potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:442-51. [PMID: 26186150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an efficient synthesis of some new substituted pyrazoline derivatives linked to a substituted pyrazole scaffold was performed by a multistep reaction sequences and compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. The preliminary results revealed that the N-acylated (5e, 5h) and nitro substituted N-phenyl (6f) pyrazolyl-pyrazolines derivatives exhibited a very promising anti-inflammatory activity whereas 5h, 6f were interesting analgesic agents. The compounds with halo substituted phenyl group at C-3 of the pyrazoline ring (4a, 5g, 5h, 6a and 6b) were found to be active against clinical bacterial pathogens with MIC in the range of 0.2-0.4 mg/mL. Compound containing N-propionyl pyrazolyl-pyrazoline (5h) could be identified as the most active member within this study with a dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial profile. Taken together, this study has led to the development of promising compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivapura Viveka
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Shama
- Department of Pharmacology, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer Deralakatte 574160, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Savita Kerkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Goa 403206, India
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9
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Selvam TP, Kumar PV, Saravanan G, Prakash CR. Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel pyrazole derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Singh N, Tripathi AC, Tewari A, Kumar R, Saraf SK. Ulcerogenicity devoid novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS): syntheses, computational studies, and activity of 5-aryliden-2-imino-4-thiazolidinones. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Wen LR, Lan MC, Yuan WK, Li M. DABCO-mediated isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction: synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4628-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly substituted cyclopentenes can be accessed rapidly from isocyanides, aldehydes and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate (AB2C2) using DABCO as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 40 °C within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Chao Lan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry
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12
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Lin ZP, Wong FF, Chen YB, Lin CH, Hsieh MT, Lien JC, Chou YH, Lin HC. Regioselective and reductive cleavage of allyl ethers by NaBH4–HOAc. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Palladium catalyzed reaction of ortho-functionalized aryl iodides with bicyclic hydrazines: facile route toward heteroannulated cyclopentenes and azabicycles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Yewale SB, Ganorkar SB, Baheti KG, Shelke RU. Novel 3-substituted-1-aryl-5-phenyl-6-anilinopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones: Docking, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation as a potential anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6616-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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16
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Burkhard JA, Tchitchanov BH, Carreira EM. Eine Reaktionskaskade zur Gewinnung von Isoxazolen durch einfache basenvermittelte Umlagerung substituierter Oxetane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Burkhard JA, Tchitchanov BH, Carreira EM. Cascade Formation of Isoxazoles: Facile Base-Mediated Rearrangement of Substituted Oxetanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5379-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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19
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Eissa AA, Farag NA, Soliman GA. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of novel benzopyranone congeners for their expected activity as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5059-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Zheng W, Degterev A, Hsu E, Yuan J, Yuan C. Structure-activity relationship study of a novel necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-7. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4932-5. [PMID: 18768316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated caspase-independent cell death mechanism characterized by morphological features resembling non-regulated necrosis. Necrotatin-7 (Nec-7), a novel potent small-molecule inhibitor of necroptosis, is structurally distinct from previously described necrostatins (Nec-1, Nec-3, Nec-4 and Nec-5). Here, we describe a series of structural modifications and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the Nec-7 series for inhibiting necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Chopra M, Gupta R, Gupta S, Saluja D. Molecular modeling study on chemically diverse series of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: generation of predictive pharmacophore model using Catalyst. J Mol Model 2008; 14:1087-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Rapposelli S, Cuboni S, Digiacomo M, Lucacchini A, Minutolo F, Letizia Trincavelli M, Balsamo A. Synthesis and Affinity Evaluation for AT1 Receptor of Phenylsalicylaldoxime-Derivatives Structurally Related to Sartans. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Schofield MH, Sorel MA, Manalansan RJ, Richardson DP, Markgraf JH. Substituent effects on 15N and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 3-phenylisoxazoles: a theoretical and spectroscopic study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2006; 44:851-5. [PMID: 16804868 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and assignment of 15N and 13C NMR signals of the isoxazole ring in a series of para-substituted 3-phenyl derivatives are reported. DFT calculations of 15N and 13C chemical shifts are presented and compared to observed values. Substituent effects are interpreted in terms of the Hammett correlation and calculated bond orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267-2692, USA
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24
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Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones at room temperature using H2O2 and a Mo(VI) salt as catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Sajisha V, Radhakrishnan K. Palladium/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Bicyclic Hydrazines with Organostannanes: A General Methodology for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Cyclopentenes. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Demirayak S, Beis R, Karaburun AC, Kayagil I, Incesu Z, Ucucu U. Synthesis and cytotoxic and analgesic activities of some 1, 5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2006; 21:113-8. [PMID: 16570514 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500472845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some 1,5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrrole derivatives were obtained by reacting 1-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpent-1,4-diones and a suitable aniline derivative or sulfanilamide under Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis conditions. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested and all compounds, except for compound 2 h, showed a time-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity. Analgesic activities of the compounds were determined by using the tail-flick and tail-immersion methods; some of the compounds showed potent analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Demirayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Anadolu, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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John J, Sajisha VS, Mohanlal S, Radhakrishnan KV. Iodine assisted modified Suzuki type reaction of bicyclic hydrazines: stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3510-2. [PMID: 16921428 DOI: 10.1039/b607389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic hydrazines undergo a facile palladium/iodine mediated stereoselective ring opening on reaction with organoboronic acids affording trans-3,4-disubstituted hydrazino cyclopentenes in good to excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubi John
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
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28
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Rapposelli S, Lapucci A, Minutolo F, Orlandini E, Ortore G, Pinza M, Balsamo A. Synthesis and COX-2 inhibitory properties of N-phenyl- and N-benzyl-substituted amides of 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid and of their pyrazole, thiophene and isoxazole analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:25-31. [PMID: 14751313 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some N-phenyl- (7a-10a) and N-benzyl-substituted (7b-10b) amido analogs of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective tricyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been synthesized with the aim to obtain information on the structural requirements for the COX-inhibitory activity. Compounds 7-10 were tested in vitro for their inhibitory properties only towards COX-2 enzyme by measuring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production on activated J774.2 macrophages. Some of the new compounds (7a, 8a, 9a and 9b) showed a modest activity, with percentage inhibition values near 30% at a concentration of 10 microM. These data have been tentatively explained by a conformational study which indicates that at least the N-phenyl-substituted amides 7a-9a present steric hindrances which may prevent a good interaction with COX-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rapposelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56100, Pisa, Italy
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