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Danaeifar M, Negahdari B, Eslam HM, Zare H, Ghanaat M, Koushali SS, Malekshahi ZV. Polymeric nanoparticles for DNA vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy: a review. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1053-1072. [PMID: 37335426 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and mortality in the world. There is an essential need to develop new drugs or therapeutic approaches to manage treatment-resistant cancers. Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses the power of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. One of the materials used as a vaccine in immunotherapy is DNA. The application of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers for DNA vaccines could be an effective therapeutic approach to activate immune responses and increase antigen presentation efficiency. Various materials have been used as polymeric nanoparticles, including: chitosan, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), Polyethylenimine, dendrimers, polypeptides, and polyesters. Application of these polymer nanoparticles has several advantages, including increased vaccine delivery, enhanced antigen presentation, adjuvant effects, and more sustainable induction of the immune system. Besides many clinical trials and commercial products that were developed based on polymer nanoparticles, there is still a need for more comprehensive studies to increase the DNA vaccine efficiency in cancer immunotherapy using this type of carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Danaeifar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houra Mobaleghol Eslam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Zare
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Momeneh Ghanaat
- Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Sekinehe Shokouhi Koushali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Suvarna V, Sawant N, Desai N. A Review on Recent Advances in Mannose-Functionalized Targeted Nanocarrier Delivery Systems in Cancer and Infective Therapeutics. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:43-82. [PMID: 36734913 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unmodified nanocarriers used in the chemotherapy of cancers and various infectious diseases exhibit prolonged blood circulation time, prevent enzymatic degradation and increase chemical stability of encapsulated therapeutics. However, off-target effect and lack of specificity associated with unmodified nanoparticles (NPs) limit their applications in the health care system. Mannose (Man) receptors with significant overexpression on antigen-presenting cells and macrophages are among the most admired targets for cancer and anti-infective therapeutics. Therefore, development of Man functionalized nanocarriers targeting Man receptors, for target specific drug delivery in the chemotherapy have been extensively studied. Present review expounds diverse Man-conjugated NPs with their potential for targeted drug delivery, improved biodistribution profiles and localization. Additionally, the review gives detailed account of the interactions of mannosylated NPs with various biological systems and their characterization not discussed in earlier published reports is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niserga Sawant
- C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, SNDT Women's University, Santacruz (W), Mumbai 400049, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namita Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, SNDT Women's University, Santacruz (W), Mumbai - 400049, Maharashtra, India
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Alassaif FR, Alassaif ER, Kaushik AK, Dhanapal J. Enhanced Anti-Proliferative Effect of Carboplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells Exploiting Chitosan-Poly (Lactic Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:74-82. [PMID: 35021983 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220111160341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present article aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin (CP) using the formulation of chitosan-poly (lactic glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CS-PLGA NPs). METHODS Nanoparticles were synthesized by an ionic gelation method and were characterized for their morphology, particle size, and surface potential measurements by TEM and zeta sizer. This study was highlighted for the evaluation of drug entrapment, loading and in vitro drug release capabilities of the prepared nanoparticles by spectrophotometric analysis. The stability study was also conducted after 3 months for their particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies. Further, ovarian cancer cell line PEO1 was used to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of nano-formulation by MTT assay. Additionally, the study was evaluated for apoptosis using flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS The CS-PLGA-CP NPs were uniform and spherical in shape. The particle size and zeta potential of CS-PLGA-CP NPs were measured to be 156 ±6.8 nm and +52 ±2.4 mV, respectively. High encapsulation (87.4 ± 4.5%) and controlled retention capacities confirmed the efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles in a time and dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity assay results also showed that CS-PLGA-CP NPs have a high efficiency on PEO1 cells compared to the free drug. The flow cytometric result showed 64.25% of the PEO1 cells were apoptotic, and 8.42% were necrotic when treated with CS-PLGA-CP NPs. CONCLUSION Chitosan-PLGA combinational polymeric nanoparticles were not only steady but also non-toxic. Our experiments revealed that the chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles could be used as a challenging vehicle candidate for drug delivery for the therapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Redah Alassaif
- Department of Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Redah Alassaif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabeb Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women Gohana, Haryana, India
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Nano-chitosan: A novel material for glioblastoma treatment. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106713. [PMID: 35710068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abd El-Aziz WR, Ibrahim H, Elzorkany HE, Mohammed GM, Mikhael CA, Fathy NA, Elshoky HA. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity of E.coli nanovaccines in chickens. J Immunol Methods 2022; 506:113280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tang J, Cai L, Xu C, Sun S, Liu Y, Rosenecker J, Guan S. Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020226. [PMID: 35055244 PMCID: PMC8777913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
| | - Shan Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
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Sun MJ, Teng Z, Fan PS, Chen XG, Liu Y. Bridging micro/nano-platform and airway allergy intervention. J Control Release 2021; 341:364-382. [PMID: 34856226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway diseases, with incidence augmenting visibly as industrial development and environmental degradation, are characterized by sneezing, itching, wheezing, chest tightness, airway obstruction, and hyperresponsiveness. Current medical modalities attempt to combat these symptoms mostly by small molecule chemotherapeutants, such as corticosteroids, antihistamines, etc., via intranasal approach which is one of the most noninvasive, rapid-absorbed, and patient-friendly routes. Nevertheless, inherent defects for irritation to respiratory mucosa, drug inactivation and degradation, and rapid drug dispersal to off-target sites are inevitable. Lately, intratracheal micro/nano therapeutic systems are emerging as innovative alternatives for airway allergy interventions. This overview introduces several potential application directions of mic/nano-platform in the treatment of airway allergic diseases, including carriers, therapeutic agents, and immunomodulators. The improvement of the existing drug therapy of respiratory allergy management by micro/nano-platform is described in detail. The challenges of the micro/nano-platform nasal approach in the treatment of airway allergy are summarized and the development of micro/nano-platform is also prospected. Although still a burgeoning area, micro/nano therapeutic systems are gradually turning to be realistic orientations as crucial future alternative therapeutic options in allergic airway inflammation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhuang Teng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Peng-Sheng Fan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Oliveira Gomes DC, Lilian da Silva Costa Souza B, Schwedersky RP, Covre LP, Leonel de Matos Guedes H, Lopes UG, Inês Ré M, Rossi-Bergmann B. Intranasal immunization with chitosan microparticles enhances lack-dna vaccine protection and induces specific long-lasting immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104884. [PMID: 34487860 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of a protective vaccine against Leishmania depends on antigen formulation and adjuvants that induce specific immunity and long-lasting immune responses. We previously demonstrated that BALB/c mice intranasally vaccinated with a plasmid DNA encoding the p36/LACK leishmanial antigen (LACK-DNA) develop a protective immunity for up to 3 months after vaccination, which was linked with the systemic expression of vaccine mRNA in peripheral organs. In this study, LACK-DNA vaccine was associated with biocompatible chitosan microparticles cross-linked with glyceraldehyde (CMC) to boost the long-lasting immunity against the late L. infantum challenge. Infection at 7 days, 3 or 6 months after vaccination resulted in significantly lower parasite loads when compared with non-vaccinated controls. Besides, LACK-DNA-chitosan vaccinated mice showed long-time protection observed after the late time point challenge. The achieved protection was correlated with an enhanced spleen cell responsiveness to parasite antigens, marked by increased proliferation and IFN-γ as well as decreased IL-10 production. Moreover, we found diminished systemic levels of TNF-α that was compatible with the better health condition observed in LACK-DNA/CMC vaccinated-infected mice. Together, our data indicate the feasibility of chitosan microparticles as a delivery system tool to extend the protective immunity conferred by LACK-DNA vaccine, which may be explored in vaccine formulations against Leishmania parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Polaco Covre
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil; Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de, Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Gazos Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Ré
- IMT Mines Albi-Carmaux, Campus Jarlard, Université de Toulouse, France
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Nandgude T, Pagar R. Plausible role of chitosan in drug and gene delivery against resistant breast cancer cells. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108357. [PMID: 34146935 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the highest global spread of invasive cancer in women. While significant progress has been made in breast cancer, diagnostic and therapeutic effective prevention and treatment options remain scarce. Concerning chitosan-based chemotherapeutic therapies, the studies reported cell migration resistance, improved drug absorption, membrane interaction and permeability, immune stimulating behavior, and extended in-vitro drug release. However, chitosan has been practically restricted mostly to unmodified forms. Targeted distribution is ensured by chitosan-based ligand conjugated carrier systems in conjunction with active moieties such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and therapeutic agents. The purpose of this context is to emphasize the efficient drug delivery to breast cancer cell lines using chitosan. Chitosan also exhibited excellent capabilities in gene packaging. For the interaction of bioactive molecules and the regulation of the drug release profile, chemical modification of chitosan is beneficial. This article discusses the various chitosan-based ligand conjugated carrier systems. From the studies reviewed it can be concluded that chitosan derivatives are promising materials for targeted and non-viral gene delivery in treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji Nandgude
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Roshani Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India.
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Srivastava V, Niu L, Phadke KS, Bellaire BH, Cho MW. Induction of Potent and Durable Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Using a Receptor Binding Domain-Based Immunogen. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637982. [PMID: 33777030 PMCID: PMC7991075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe pneumonia emerged through zoonosis in late 2019. The disease, referred to as COVID-19, has an alarming mortality rate and it is having a devastating effect on the global economy and public health systems. A safe, effective vaccine is urgently needed to halt this pandemic. In this study, immunogenicity of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) glycoprotein was examined in mice. Animals were immunized with recombinant RBD antigen intraperitoneally using three different adjuvants (Zn-chitosan, Alhydrogel, and Adju-Phos), and antibody responses were followed for over 5 months. Results showed that potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can be induced with 70% neutralization titer (NT70) of ~14,580 against live, infectious viruses. Although antigen-binding antibody titers decreased gradually over time, sufficiently protective levels of nAbs persisted (NT80 >2,430) over the 5-month observation period. Results also showed that adjuvants have profound effects on kinetics of nAb induction, total antibody titers, antibody avidity, antibody longevity, and B-cell epitopes targeted by the immune system. In conclusion, a recombinant subunit protein immunogen based on the RBD is a highly promising vaccine candidate. Continued evaluation of RBD immunogenicity using different adjuvants and vaccine regimens could further improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ling Niu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kruttika S. Phadke
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bryan H. Bellaire
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael W. Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- NeoVaxSyn, Inc., Ames, IA, United States
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The Application of Mucoadhesive Chitosan Nanoparticles in Nasal Drug Delivery. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120605. [PMID: 33260406 PMCID: PMC7759871 DOI: 10.3390/md18120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal delivery of antigens can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Particularly, the nasal cavity is a strongly inductive site for mucosal immunity among several administration routes, as it is generally the first point of contact for inhaled antigens. However, the delivery of antigens to the nasal cavity has some disadvantages such as rapid clearance and disposition of inhaled materials. For these reasons, remarkable efforts have been made to develop antigen delivery systems which suit the nasal route. The use of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles enables protection of the antigen from degradation and sustains the release of the loaded antigen, eventually resulting in improved vaccine and/or drug efficacy. Chitosan, which exhibits low toxicity, biodegradability, good cost performance, and strong mucoadhesive properties, is a useful material for nanoparticles. The present review provides an overview of the mucosal immune response induced by nanoparticles, recent advances in the use of nanoparticles, and nasal delivery systems with chitosan nanoparticles.
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Design of Chitosan Nanocapsules with Compritol 888 ATO® for Imiquimod Transdermal Administration. Evaluation of Their Skin Absorption by Raman Microscopy. Pharm Res 2020; 37:195. [PMID: 32944793 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Design imiquimod-loaded chitosan nanocapsules for transdermal delivery and evaluate the depth of imiquimod transdermal absorption as well as the kinetics of this absorption using Raman Microscopy, an innovative strategy to evaluate transdermal absorption. This nanovehicle included Compritol 888ATO®, a novel excipient for formulating nanosystems whose administration through the skin has not been studied until now. METHODS Nanocapsules were made by solvent displacement method and their physicochemical properties was measured by DLS and laser-Doppler. For transdermal experiments, newborn pig skin was used. The Raman spectra were obtained using a laser excitation source at 532 nm and a 20/50X oil immersion objective. RESULTS The designed nanocapsules, presented nanometric size (180 nm), a polydispersity index <0.2 and a zeta potential +17. The controlled release effect of Compritol was observed, with the finding that half of the drug was released at 24 h in comparison with control (p < 0.05). It was verified through Raman microscopy that imiquimod transdermal penetration is dynamic, the nanocapsules take around 50 min to penetrate the stratum corneum and 24 h after transdermal administration, the drug was in the inner layers of the skin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of Raman Microscopy to evaluate the drugs transdermal penetration of in the different layers of the skin. Graphical Abstract New imiquimod nanocapsules: evaluation of their skin absorption by Raman Microscopy and effect of the compritol 888ATO® in the imiquimod release profile.
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Marques C, Som C, Schmutz M, Borges O, Borchard G. How the Lack of Chitosan Characterization Precludes Implementation of the Safe-by-Design Concept. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:165. [PMID: 32211394 PMCID: PMC7077258 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and safety of nanomedicines based on polymeric (bio)materials will benefit from a rational implementation of a Safe-by-Design (SbD) approach throughout their development. In order to achieve this goal, however, a standardization of preparation and characterization methods and their accurate reporting is needed. Focusing on the example of chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin and frequently used in drug and vaccine delivery vector preparation, this review discusses the challenges still to be met and overcome prior to a successful implementation of the SbD approach to the preparation of chitosan-based protein drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Marques
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Som
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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El-Sissi AF, Mohamed FH, Danial NM, Gaballah AQ, Ali KA. Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant in local Rift Valley Fever inactivated vaccine. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32089983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the potency of inactivated Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) vaccine using chitosan (CS) or chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) as adjuvants. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) inactivated antigen was loaded on CS and CNP to form two vaccine formulations, RVFV-chitosan nanoparticles based vaccine (RVFV-CNP) and RVFV chitosan based vaccine (RVFV-CS). Five groups of mice were used in this study, each group was injected with one of the following: phosphate buffer saline (group1 G1), RVFV-CNP (G2), (RVF-CS) (G3), RVFV-Alum based vaccine (RVFV-Alum) (G4) and adjuvant free RVFV inactivated antigen (RVFV-Ag) (G5). The immunization was performed twice with 2 weeks interval. The results showed that, RVFV-CNP vaccine enhanced strongly the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage (PM), neutralization antibodies titer against RVFV and IgG values against RVFV nucleoprotein than other vaccine formulations did. In addition, the RVFV-CNP and RVF-CS vaccines upregulate the gene expression of IL-2, IFN-γ (which promote cell mediated immunity) and IL-4 (which promote humeral immunity), while RVFV-Alum vaccine upregulate the gene expression of IL-4 only. These findings indicated that CS and CNP were comparable to the alum as adjuvant in efficacy but superior to it in inducing cell-mediated immune response and might be a candidate adjuvant for inactivated RVFV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashgan F El-Sissi
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farida H Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Danial
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Q Gaballah
- 3Holding Company for Biological products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Korany A Ali
- 4Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Center of Excellence, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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Yang X, Lian K, Tan Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zeng Y, Yu T, Meng T, Yuan H, Hu F. Selective uptake of chitosan polymeric micelles by circulating monocytes for enhanced tumor targeting. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mosa IF, Youssef M, Kamel M, Mosa OF, Helmy Y. Synergistic antioxidant capacity of CsNPs and CurNPs against cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and pro-inflammatory mediators induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in male rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:939-952. [PMID: 32206303 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their dynamic characteristics, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NPs) have been employed numerous times in nanomedicine and in tissue engineering, particularly as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, there are outstanding findings from various studies that question whether these NPs are safe when they are used in the human body. Therefore, a more in-depth toxicity assessment should be carried out to give a clear answer regarding the fate of these particles. Here we aim to investigate the possible cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and inflammation induced by HAP-NPs, as well as predict the synergistic antioxidative effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) in mitigating this pronounced toxicity. The present study was conducted on eighty Wistar male rats, divided into eight equal groups. The results showed that, at the molecular level, HAP-NPs significantly induced gene expression of tumor suppressor protein p53, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and also Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Lipocalin-2 (LCN2). In addition, kidney biochemical parameters (total bilirubin, urea, uric acid and creatinine) increased, but albumin levels decreased in the group treated with HAP-NPs alone. Meanwhile, co-treatment with CsNPs and/or CurNPs with HAP-NPs showed an improvement in the activities of the kidney parameters and reduced inflammation. This study shows that the nephrotoxicity mechanism of HAP-NPs may involve various signaling pathways including alterations in biochemical parameters, gene expression of KIM-1 and LCN2 and disturbing the production of cytokines and p53. Furthermore, these insights showed that the combined effect of both CsNPs and CurNPs was more pronounced than the effect of each one on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa F Mosa
- Department of Environmental Studies , Institute of Graduate Studies and Research , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt . ; Tel: +201024680746
| | - Mokhtar Youssef
- Department of Environmental Studies , Institute of Graduate Studies and Research , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Maher Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry , Medical Research Institute , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Department of Public health , Health Sciences College at Leith , Umm Al Qura University , Al-Leith , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Helmy
- Department of BioMaterials , Institute of Graduate Studies and Research , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
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Subcutaneous vaccination using injectable biodegradable hydrogels for long-term immune response. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yousefi S, Abbassi-Daloii T, Tahmoorespur M, Sekhavati MH. Nanoparticle or conventional adjuvants: which one improves immune response against Brucellosis? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:360-366. [PMID: 31168339 PMCID: PMC6535204 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.31748.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Brucellosis is a common infectious disease among animals and humans. While subunit vaccines could be used as an efficient strategy against pathogens, they usually seem to be less immunogenic than live or killed vaccines. However, the use of a suitable adjuvant accompanied by subunit vaccines can be a good alternative to enhance the immune response. Materials and Methods: To find a proper adjuvant against Brucellosis, the immune response of induced mice by Aluminum Hydroxide (AH), Incomplete Freund (IFA), and Chitosan Nanoparticle (CS) adjuvants in individuals and in combination with CS were assessed. Results: Immunization with CS stimulated higher interferon gamma (IFN-γ) immunity, while there were no significant differences between rOMP25 (IFA), rOMP25 (AH), rOMP25 (AH-CS) and rOMP25 (IFA-CS) recombinant proteins. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis revealed there were no significant differencesbetween immunized groups and the positive control group, except for the treatment formulated in single IFA. Furthermore, unlike IFN-γ, there was a reverse interleukin-4 (IL-4) immune response trend for treatments, as rOMP25 (CS) displayed the lowest response. rOMP25 (CS) induced higher titer of total antibody than the other ones. Although the recombinant proteins emulsified in different adjuvants induced similar titer of IgG1 antibody, the ones that were formulated in CS, IFA and IFA-CS showed a higher titer of IgG2a. The cell proliferation assay demonstrating the antigen-specific cell proliferative response could be promoted after immunization with CS. Conclusion: CS whether single or in combination with IF adjuvants has potential to improve Th1-Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Garg U, Chauhan S, Nagaich U, Jain N. Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Drug Delivery and Targeting. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:195-204. [PMID: 31380245 PMCID: PMC6664124 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be potential targeted and controlled release drug delivery systems. Various drugs can be loaded in the NPs to achieve targeted delivery. Chitosan NPs being biodegradable, biocompatible, less toxic and easy to prepare, are an effective and potential tool for drug delivery. Chitosan is natural biopolymer which can be easily functionalized to obtain the desired targeted results and is also approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration [US FDA]). Various methods for preparation of chitosan NPs include, ionic cross-linking, covalent cross-linking, reverse micellar method, precipitation and emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Chitosan NPs are found to have plethora of applications in drug delivery diagnosis and other biological applications. The key applications include ocular drug delivery, per-oral delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, nasal drug delivery, mucosal drug delivery, gene delivery, buccal drug delivery, vaccine delivery, vaginal drug delivery and cancer therapy. The present review describes the formation of chitosan, synthesis of chitosan NPs and their various applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neha Jain
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201303
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Zhu W, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yuan G, Liu X, Ai T, Su J. Astragalus polysaccharides, chitosan and poly(I:C) obviously enhance inactivated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine potency in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:379-385. [PMID: 30690155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an economically important fish in China, but Edwardsiella ictaluri, an intracellular pathogenic bacterium, causes great losses to the culture industry. Currently, vaccination is the most promising strategy to combat the infectious diseases, while adjuvant can provide effective assistant for vaccines to enhance immune responses. In the present study, inactivated E. ictaluri vaccine was prepared, then Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), chitosan and poly(I:C) were employed as adjuvants to evaluate the effect on boosting immune responses and protecting yellow catfish against E. ictaluri. The survival rate was obviously improved after vaccination with APS, chitosan or poly(I:C) respectively, in addition, these three adjuvants could clearly protect the target tissue (intestine) by pathological sections in infectious experiments. In sera, total protein levels increased throughout the immunization stages, total superoxide dismutase levels continued to raise after vaccination, and lysozyme activity levels improved at different periods, examining by the commercial kits. Moreover, checking by real time quantitative RT-PCR assays, in both spleen and head kidney tissues which were the major immune organs, mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β increased in the early stage of immunity, typical Th1 immune response cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ2 rose up in the whole immune period, and IgM significantly enhanced in the adjuvant supplementation groups. The results demonstrated the good efficiency of APS, chitosan or poly(I:C) as adjuvant, and provided more options for the fish adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Chopper Fishery Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Ebrahimi N, Soleimani AA, Rashidiani J, Malekafzali B, Abedini F, Hosseinkhani H. Chitosan/Fluoride Nanoparticles for Preventing Dental Caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2542579x01666190212150457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: Dental caries is still a major public health problem. The use of fluoride is
one of the most effective ways to prevent tooth decay.
</P><P>
Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of fluoride entrapped in
chitosan nanoparticles in vivo.
</P><P>
Methods: Sodium fluoride was loaded in chitosan via ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate nanoparticles.
Characterization of nanoparticles was investigated by using the zeta potential, size of particles,
loading capacities, encapsulation efficiency, and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy. Chitosan/
fluoride nanoparticles were fabricated by a method of fluoride/chitosan cross-linking with
tripolyphosphate.
</P><P>
Results: The size of nanoparticles was 219 nm. According to the zeta potential results, by adding
sodium fluoride to chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles reducing the number of positive charges
of chitosan, the result was diminished zeta potential from +30.8 mV to +14.9 mV. The optimum
drug loading and percentage of entrapment efficiency were 70% and 30% respectively. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed linked among tripolyphosphate, chitosan and fluoride
nanoparticles. In vitro characterization of nanoparticles demonstrated higher fluoride uptake ability
and smooth releasing profile.
</P><P>
Conclusion: It is suggested that fluoride/chitosan nanoparticles synthesized in our study may be a
promising means of delivering fluoride for the early prevention of tooth decay.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Niousha Ebrahimi
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Soleimani
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rashidiani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqhiatollah University of Medical Science, Molla Sadra, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, United States
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Alizadeh L, Zarebkohan A, Salehi R, Ajjoolabady A, Rahmati-Yamchi M. Chitosan-based nanotherapeutics for ovarian cancer treatment. J Drug Target 2019; 27:839-852. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1564923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ajjoolabady
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chitosan oligosaccharide ameliorates acute lung injury induced by blast injury through the DDAH1/ADMA pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192135. [PMID: 29415054 PMCID: PMC5802901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by blast injury, and explore possible molecular mechanisms. Methods A mouse model of blast injury-induced ALI was established using a self-made explosive device. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to control, ALI and ALI + COS groups. An eight-channel physiological monitor was used to determine the mouse physiological index. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum inflammatory factors. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunofluorescence staining, real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to detect inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Results Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after successful model induction. Compared with the ALI group, the heart rate, respiration and PCO2 were significantly lower, but the PO2, TCO2 and HCO3- were significantly higher in the ALI + COS group. Compared to ALI alone, COS treatment of ALI caused a significant decrease in the wet/dry lung weight ratio, indicating a reduction in lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA and protein expression were reduced and IL-10 mRNA and protein expression was increased (P < 0.05). COS significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species, MDA5 and IREα mRNA and protein expressions, cell apoptosis and Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expressions, and significantly increased superoxide dismutase-1 mRNA expression, and Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 mRNA and protein expression (all P<0.05). COS significantly increased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protein expression, and reduced ADMA and p38 protein expression (P< 0.05). Conclusion Blast injury causes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the lung tissues of mice. COS has protective effects on blast injury-induced ALI, possibly by promoting DDAH1 expression and inhibiting ADMA and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Mohamed SH, Arafa AS, Mady WH, Fahmy HA, Omer LM, Morsi RE. Preparation and immunological evaluation of inactivated avian influenza virus vaccine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Biologicals 2018; 51:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Anti-cancer efficacy of biotinylated chitosan nanoparticles in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59068-59085. [PMID: 28938619 PMCID: PMC5601715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the synthesis of biotinylated chitosan (Bio-CS) from chitosan using a nanomaterial skeleton with biotin and the successful targeting of the formulation in liver cancer cells. Bio-CS was validated by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bio-CS and plasmid DNA were used to construct Bio-CS/plasmid DNA nanoparticles according to the optimal molar ratio of 1:1 and the optimal pH-value of 5.5. Under these conditions, the parameters mean particle size, potential, encapsulation rate and drug loading, were 82.9 nm, +21.8 mV, 85.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Bio-CS exhibited an apparent liver cancer targeting effect in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning, green fluorescent protein transfection, and in vivo imaging assays. In addition, the Bio-CS/plasmid DNA nanoparticles significantly increased the survival period of the orthotropic liver cancer mouse model compared with the plasmid DNA, with no apparent side effects on the cells. Bio-CS nanomaterials stimulated an immune response in hepatoma cells via increased expression of GM-CSF, IL-21 and Rae-1 markers. The data suggest that Bio-CS increased the inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation in vitro and the activation of the cellular immunity in vivo.
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Martínez-Campos E, Civantos A, Redondo JA, Guzmán R, Pérez-Perrino M, Gallardo A, Ramos V, Aranaz I. Cell Adhesion and Proliferation on Sulfonated and Non-Modified Chitosan Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:974-982. [PMID: 27634481 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three types of chitosan-based films have been prepared and evaluated: a non-modified chitosan film bearing cationizable aliphatic amines and two films made of N-sulfopropyl chitosan derivatives bearing both aliphatic amines and negative sulfonate groups at different ratios. Cell adhesion and proliferation on chitosan films of C2C12 pre-myoblastic cells and B16 cells as tumoral model have been tested. A differential cell behavior has been observed on chitosan films due to their different surface modification. B16 cells have shown lower vinculin expression when cultured on sulfonated chitosan films. This study shows how the interaction among cells and material surface can be modulated by physicochemical characteristics of the biomaterial surface, altering tumoral cell adhesion and proliferation processes.
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Luo YL, Zhang XY, Fu JY, Xu F, Chen YS. Novel temperature and pH dual-sensitive PNIPAM/CMCS/MWCNT semi-IPN nanohybrid hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, and DOX drug release. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1233418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Shao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
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28
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Huang Y, Fan CQ, Dong H, Wang SM, Yang XC, Yang SM. Current applications and future prospects of nanomaterials in tumor therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1815-1825. [PMID: 28331307 PMCID: PMC5348070 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are one of the most serious human diseases and cause numerous global deaths per year. In spite of many strategies applied in tumor therapy, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and a combination of these treatments, tumors are still the foremost killer worldwide among human diseases, due to their specific limitations, such as multidrug resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop new strategies for tumor therapy. Recently, the fast development of nanoscience has paved the way for designing new strategies to treat tumors. Nanomaterials have shown great potential in tumor therapy, due to their unique properties, including passive targeting, hyperthermia effects, and tumor-specific inhibition. This review summarizes the recent progress using the innate antitumor properties of metallic and nonmetallic nanomaterials to treat tumors, and related challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qiang Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Varan C, Bilensoy E. Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1446-1456. [PMID: 28900598 PMCID: PMC5530721 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Brain tumors are the most common tumors among adolescents. Although some chemotherapeutics are known to be effective against brain tumors based on cell culture studies, the same effect is not observed in clinical trials. For this reason, the development of drug delivery systems is important to treat brain tumors and prevent tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop core-shell polymeric nanoparticles with positive charge by employing a chitosan coating. Additionally, an implantable formulation for the chemotherapeutic nanoparticles was developed as a bioadhesive film to be applied at the tumor site following surgical operation for brain glioma treatment. To obtain positively charged, implantable nanoparticles, the effects of preparation technique, chitosan coating concentration and presence of surfactants were evaluated to obtain optimal nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 100 nm and a net positive surface charge to facilitate cellular internalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared to incorporate these nanoparticle dispersions to complete the implantable drug delivery system. Results: The diameter of core-shell nanoparticles were in the range of 70-270 nm, depending on the preparation technique, polymer type and coating. Moreover, the chitosan coating significantly altered the surface charge of the nanoparticles to net positive values of +30 to +50 mV. The model drug docetaxel was successfully loaded into all particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO. Conclusion: Docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in a bioadhesive film were shown to be suitable for application of chemotherapeutics directly to the action site during surgical operation. The system was found to release chemotherapeutics for several days at the tumor site and neighboring tissue. This can be suggested to result in a more effective brain tumor treatment when compared to chemotherapeutics administered as an intravenous bolus infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Varan
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Limsatanun A, Sasipreeyajan J, Pakpinyo S. The Efficacy of Chitosan-Adjuvanted,Mycoplasma gallisepticumBacterin in Chickens. Avian Dis 2016; 60:799-804. [DOI: 10.1637/11437-051716-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Siel D, Vidal S, Sevilla R, Paredes R, Carvallo F, Lapierre L, Maino M, Pérez O, Sáenz L. Effectiveness of an immunocastration vaccine formulation to reduce the gonadal function in female and male mice by Th1/Th2 immune response. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1589-1598. [PMID: 27344434 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunocastration has emerged as an alternative to surgical castration in different animal species. This study examined the effectiveness of a new vaccine formulation for immunocastration using the biopolymer chitosan as adjuvant. First, female and male mice (n = 4), in three subsequent experiments were vaccinated at Days 1 and 30 of the study, to determine the immune response profile and gonadal alterations due to immunization. The results demonstrated that the vaccine was able to elicit strong antibody responses against native GnRH hormone (P < 0.01), with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune response profile. Along with this, a suppression of gonadal activity with a decrease of luteal bodies (1.08 ± 0.22 and 4.08 ± 0.39) and antral follicles (1.17 ± 0.32 and 4.5 ± 0.38) in the ovaries of immunized females and control, respectively, and a reduction of seminiferous tubules size (142.3 ± 5.58 mm and 198.0 ± 6.11 mm) and germinal cellular layers (3.58 ± 0.26 and 5.08 ± 0.29) of immunized males and control animals, respectively, were observed (P < 0.01). Then, in a study of long-term immune response due to vaccination in female and male mice (n = 4) from two subsequent experiments, a suppression of gonadal function and an induction of a Th1/Th2 immune response was also observed, determined by both, immunoglobulin and cytokine profiles, which lasted until the end of the study (7 months; P < 0.01). The findings of this study have demonstrated that vaccination with a new immunocastration vaccine inducing a Th1/Th2 immune response against GnRH (P < 0.01) elicit a decrease of gonadal function in male and female mice (P < 0.01). Owing to long-term duration of the antibody levels generated, this vaccine formulation appears as a promising alternative for immunocastration of several animal species where long-lasting reproductive block is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Sevilla
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratory of Ecosystems' Health, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Maino
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, ICBP and Faculty of Medical Science Victoria de Girón, University of Medical Science of Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Controlling cell adhesion using layer-by-layer approaches for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:1163-1175. [PMID: 27772718 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the adhesion of mammalian and bacterial cells at the interfaces between synthetic materials and biological environments is a real challenge in the biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, antibacterial coating, implantable biomaterials and biosensors. The surface properties of materials are known to profoundly influence the adhesion processes. To mediate the adhesion processes, polymeric coatings have been used to functionalize surfaces to introduce diverse physicochemical properties. The polyelectrolyte multilayer films built via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, introduced by Moehwald, Decher, and Lvov 20years ago, has led to significant developments ranging from the fundamental understanding of cellular processes to controlling cell adhesion for biomedical applications. In this review, we focus our attention on the modification of surface physicochemical properties, using the LbL approach, to construct films which can either promote or inhibit mammalian/bacterial cell adhesion. We also discuss the emerging field of multifunctional surfaces capable of responding to specific cellular activity but being inert to the others.
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Habte HH, Banerjee S, Shi H, Qin Y, Cho MW. Immunogenic properties of a trimeric gp41-based immunogen containing an exposed membrane-proximal external region. Virology 2015; 486:187-97. [PMID: 26454663 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 is an attractive target for vaccine development. Thus, better understanding of its immunogenic properties in various structural contexts is important. We previously described the crystal structure of a trimeric protein complex named gp41-HR1-54Q, which consists of the heptad repeat regions 1 and 2 and the MPER. The protein was efficiently recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe its immunogenic properties in rabbits. The protein was highly immunogenic, especially the C-terminal end of the MPER containing 4E10 and 10E8 epitopes ((671)NWFDITNWLWYIK(683)). Although antibodies exhibited strong competition activity against 4E10 and 10E8, neutralizing activity was not detected. Detailed mapping analyses indicated that amino acid residues critical for recognition resided on faces of the alpha helix that are either opposite of or perpendicular to the epitopes recognized by 4E10 and 10E8. These results provide critical information for designing the next generation of MPER-based immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtom H Habte
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Saikat Banerjee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Heliang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Yali Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Michael W Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
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Sokolova V, Westendorf AM, Buer J, Überla K, Epple M. The potential of nanoparticles for the immunization against viral infections. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4767-4779. [PMID: 32262665 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00618j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has a great impact on the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, there are still many infectious diseases for which an effective vaccine is missing. Thirty years after the discovery of the AIDS-pathogen (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) and intensive research, there is still no protective immunity against the HIV infection. Over the past decade, nanoparticulate systems such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymers and inorganic nanoparticles have received attention as potential delivery vehicles which can be loaded or functionalized with active biomolecules (antigens and adjuvants). Here we compare the properties of different nanoparticulate systems and assess their potential for the development of new vaccines against a range of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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Liu Q, Zheng X, Zhang C, Shao X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Jiang X. Conjugating influenza a (H1N1) antigen to n-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan nanoparticles improves the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1807-15. [PMID: 25959372 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most serious infectious respiratory diseases, influenza A (H1N1) is a great threat to human health, and it has created an urgent demand for effective vaccines. Nasal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against viruses, and it can serve as an ideal route for vaccination. However, the low immunogenicity of antigens on nasal mucosa is a high barrier for the development of nasal vaccines. In this study, we covalently conjugated an influenza A (H1N1) antigen to the surface of N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles (H1N1-TMC/NP) through thioester bonds to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration. SDS-PAGE revealed that most of the antigen was conjugated on TMC nanoparticles, and an in vitro biological activity assay confirmed the stability of the antigen after conjugation. After three nasal immunizations, the H1N1-TMC/NP induced significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA compared with free antigen. A hemagglutination inhibition assay showed that H1N1-TMC/NP induced much more protective antibodies than antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles or alum-precipitated antigen (I.M.). In the mechanistic study, H1N1-TMC/NP was shown to stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-6 and to stimulate spleen lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicated that H1N1-TMC/NP may be an effective vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) viruses for use in nasal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xiayan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
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Benito-Miguel M, Blanco MD, Gómez C. Assessment of sequential combination of 5-fluorouracil-loaded-chitosan-nanoparticles and ALA-photodynamic therapy on HeLa cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:466-75. [PMID: 25976508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural polymers are used as components of nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery, as they provide targeted, sustained release and biodegradability. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) by the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) with 5-fluorouracil-loaded-chitosan-nanoparticles (5-Fu-CNPs). METHODS Nanoparticles based on chitosan (CNPs) were synthesized by the ionic crosslinking method via the TPP addition. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), a first-line anticancer drug, was loaded into these 5Fu-CNPs, and they were assayed as controlled delivery formulation. HeLa cells were incubated in the presence of 5Fu-CNPs for 24h, next ALA was added to the culture medium and 4h later, to complete the PDT, light irradiation took place. Analysis of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, observation of the apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy followed by analysis of caspase-3 activity were carried out. RESULTS Spherical 5Fu-CNPs with a mean diameter of 324±43nm, were successfully synthesized and characterized by TEM and DLS. 5-Fu incorporation was achieved successfully (12.3μg 5Fu/mg CNP) and the maximum 5-Fu release took place at 2h. The combined administration of 5Fu-CNPs and PDT mediated by ALA (ALA-PDT) led to an improved efficacy of the antineoplastic treatment by generation of great cytotoxicity inducted through an increased ROS production. HeLa cells were destroyed by apoptosis through activation of caspase pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study proves that combination therapy (photodynamic "ALA"+chemical "5-Fu"+immunoadjuvant "chitosan") may be an effective approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Benito-Miguel
- Centro Universitario San Rafael-Nebrija, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhai Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Feng G. Immune-enhancing effect of nano-DNA vaccine encoding a gene of the prME protein of Japanese encephalitis virus and BALB/c mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:199-209. [PMID: 25738258 PMCID: PMC4438877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an adjuvant for genetic vaccines; however, how GM-CSF enhances immunogenicity remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that injection of a plasmid encoding the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein of Japanese encephalitis virus and mouse GM-CSF (pJME/GM-CSF) into mouse muscle recruited large and multifocal conglomerates of macrophages and granulocytes, predominantly neutrophils. During the peak of the infiltration, an appreciable number of immature dendritic cells (DCs) appeared, although no T and B-cells was detected. pJME/GM-CSF increased the number of splenic DCs and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on splenic DC, and enhanced the antigenic capture, processing and presentation functions of splenic DCs, and the cell-mediated immunity induced by the vaccine. These findings suggested that the immune-enhancing effect by pJME/GM-CSF was associated with infiltrate size and the appearance of integrin αx (CD11c)+cells. Chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles, prepared by coacervation via intramuscular injection, outperformed standard pJME/GM-CSF administrations in DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. This revealed that muscular injection of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles may enhance the immunoadjuvant properties of GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ximei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Guohe Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Chitosan as an adjuvant-like substrate for dendritic cell culture to enhance antitumor effects. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8867-8875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Qin Y, Banasik M, Kim S, Penn-Nicholson A, Habte HH, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Wang C, Cho MW. Eliciting neutralizing antibodies with gp120 outer domain constructs based on M-group consensus sequence. Virology 2014; 462-463:363-76. [PMID: 25046154 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One strategy being evaluated for HIV-1 vaccine development is focusing immune responses towards neutralizing epitopes on the gp120 outer domain (OD) by removing the immunodominant, but non-neutralizing, inner domain. Previous OD constructs have not elicited strong neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). We constructed two immunogens, a monomeric gp120-OD and a trimeric gp120-OD×3, based on an M group consensus sequence (MCON6). Their biochemical and immunological properties were compared with intact gp120. Results indicated better preservation of critical neutralizing epitopes on gp120-OD×3. In contrast to previous studies, our immunogens induced potent, cross-reactive nAbs in rabbits. Although nAbs primarily targeted Tier 1 viruses, they exhibited significant breadth. Epitope mapping analyses indicated that nAbs primarily targeted conserved V3 loop elements. Although the potency and breadth of nAbs were similar for all three immunogens, nAb induction kinetics indicated that gp120-OD×3 was superior to gp120-OD, suggesting that gp120-OD×3 is a promising prototype for further gp120 OD-based immunogen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Marisa Banasik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - SoonJeung Kim
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Habtom H Habte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | | | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Michael W Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Xu Y, Yuen PW, Lam JKW. Intranasal DNA Vaccine for Protection against Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Delivery Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:378-415. [PMID: 25014738 PMCID: PMC4190526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of DNA vaccines has become a popular research area recently. It offers some distinguished advantages over parenteral and other routes of vaccine administration. Nasal mucosa as site of vaccine administration can stimulate respiratory mucosal immunity by interacting with the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT). Different kinds of DNA vaccines are investigated to provide protection against respiratory infectious diseases including tuberculosis, coronavirus, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) etc. DNA vaccines have several attractive development potential, such as producing cross-protection towards different virus subtypes, enabling the possibility of mass manufacture in a relatively short time and a better safety profile. The biggest obstacle to DNA vaccines is low immunogenicity. One of the approaches to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccine is to improve DNA delivery efficiency. This review provides insight on the development of intranasal DNA vaccine for respiratory infections, with special attention paid to the strategies to improve the delivery of DNA vaccines using non-viral delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pak-Wai Yuen
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jenny Ka-Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Oral immunization with recombinant enterovirus 71 VP1 formulated with chitosan protects mice against lethal challenge. Virol J 2014; 11:80. [PMID: 24885121 PMCID: PMC4022980 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the etiologic agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Asia-Pacific region, Many strategies have been applied to develop EV71 vaccines but no vaccines are currently available. Mucosal immunization of the VP1, a major immunogenic capsid protein of EV71, may be an alternative way to prevent EV71 infection. Results In this study, mucosal immunogenicity and protect function of recombinant VP1 protein (rVP1) in formulation with chitosan were tested and assessed in female ICR mouse model. The results showed that the oral immunization with rVP1 induced VP1-specific IgA antibodies in intestine, feces, vagina, and the respiratory tract and serum-specific IgG and neutralization antibodies in vaccinated mice. Splenocytes from rVP1-immunized mice induced high levels of Th1 (cytokine IFN-γ), Th2 (cytokine IL-4) and Th3 (cytokine TGF-β) type immune responses after stimulation. Moreover, rVP1-immunized mother mice conferred protection (survival rate up to 30%) on neonatal mice against a lethal challenge of 103 plaque-forming units (PFU) EV71. Conclusions These data indicated that oral immunization with rVP1 in formulation with chitosan was effective in inducing broad-spectrum immune responses and might be a promising subunit vaccine candidate for preventing EV71 infection.
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Park J, Gerber MH, Babensee JE. Phenotype and polarization of autologous T cells by biomaterial-treated dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:170-84. [PMID: 24616366 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the central role of dendritic cells (DCs) in directing T-cell phenotypes, the ability of biomaterial-treated DCs to dictate autologous T-cell phenotype was investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that differentially biomaterial-treated DCs differentially directed autologous T-cell phenotype and polarization, depending on the biomaterial used to pretreat the DCs. Immature DCs (iDCs) were derived from human peripheral blood monocytes and treated with biomaterial films of alginate, agarose, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, or 75:25 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), followed by co-culture of these biomaterial-treated DCs and autologous T cells. When autologous T cells were co-cultured with DCs treated with biomaterial film/antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) combinations, different biomaterial films induced differential levels of T-cell marker (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD69) expression, as well as differential cytokine profiles [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, IL-4] in the polarization of T helper (Th) types. Dendritic cells treated with agarose films/OVA induced CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ (T regulatory cells) expression, comparable to untreated iDCs, on autologous T cells in the DC-T co-culture system. Furthermore, in this co-culture, agarose treatment induced release of IL-12p70 and IL-10 at higher levels as compared with DC treatment with other biomaterial films/OVA, suggesting Th1 and Th2 polarization, respectively. Dendritic cells treated with PLGA film/OVA treatment induced release of IFN-γ at higher levels compared with that observed for co-cultures with iDCs or DCs treated with all other biomaterial films. These results indicate that DC treatment with different biomaterial films has potential as a tool for immunomodulation by directing autologous T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
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Koppolu BP, Smith SG, Ravindranathan S, Jayanthi S, Suresh Kumar TK, Zaharoff DA. Controlling chitosan-based encapsulation for protein and vaccine delivery. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4382-9. [PMID: 24560459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nano/microencapsulation is under increasing investigation for the delivery of drugs, biologics and vaccines. Despite widespread interest, the literature lacks a defined methodology to control chitosan particle size and drug/protein release kinetics. In this study, the effects of precipitation-coacervation formulation parameters on chitosan particle size, protein encapsulation efficiency and protein release were investigated. Chitosan particle sizes, which ranged from 300 nm to 3 μm, were influenced by chitosan concentration, chitosan molecular weight and addition rate of precipitant salt. The composition of precipitant salt played a significant role in particle formation with upper Hofmeister series salts containing strongly hydrated anions yielding particles with a low polydispersity index (PDI) while weaker anions resulted in aggregated particles with high PDIs. Sonication power had minimal effect on mean particle size, however, it significantly reduced polydispersity. Protein loading efficiencies in chitosan nano/microparticles, which ranged from 14.3% to 99.2%, were inversely related to the hydration strength of precipitant salts, protein molecular weight and directly related to the concentration and molecular weight of chitosan. Protein release rates increased with particle size and were generally inversely related to protein molecular weight. This study demonstrates that chitosan nano/microparticles with high protein loading efficiencies can be engineered with well-defined sizes and controllable release kinetics through manipulation of specific formulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean G Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Srinivas Jayanthi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, USA
| | | | - David A Zaharoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, USA.
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Köping-Höggård M, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:185-96. [PMID: 15889992 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is considerable excitement within the nanotechnology field with regard to the potential use of nanosystems as carriers for mucosal vaccine delivery. Indeed, many of the vaccines available, including protein antigens and DNA vaccines, are very unstable and need to be protected from degradation in the biologic environment. In addition, their efficacy is limited by their poor capacity to cross biologic barriers and reach the target sites. As a consequence, the design of appropriate antigen carriers that could help overcome these problems has become a significant challenge. The goal of the present article is to review the recent advances in the design of polymeric nanosystems intended to be used as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. More specifically, the authors present nanocarriers that have been made of safe materials, such as biodegradable polyesters and polysaccharides. The information accumulated regarding the in vivo behavior of these nanocarriers indicates that they are able to facilitate the transport of the associated antigen across the nasal epithelium, thus leading to efficient antigen presentation to the immune system. Furthermore, the results suggest that not only the size and surface properties but also the polymer composition and the structural architecture of the nanosystems are critical for the optimization of these antigen carriers. In conclusion, future studies intended to provide increased knowledge regarding these properties and how they relate to the efficiency of the immune responses, will undoubtedly affect the design of new and more effective nasal vaccine delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Köping-Höggård
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Chaubey P, Mishra B. Mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles loaded with rifampicin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:1101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li X, Gao J, Yang Y, Fang H, Han Y, Wang X, Ge W. Nanomaterials in the application of tumor vaccines: advantages and disadvantages. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:629-34. [PMID: 23776336 PMCID: PMC3681402 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s41902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines are a novel approach to the treatment of malignancy, and are attracting the attention of the medical profession. Nanomaterials have significant advantages in the preparation of a tumor vaccine, including their ability to penetrate and target cancer tissue and their antigenic properties. In this review, we focus on several nanomaterials, ie, carbon nanotubes, nanoemulsions, nanosized aluminum, and nanochitosan. Applications for these nanomaterials in nanovaccines and their biological characteristics, as well as their potential toxicity, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xd Li
- Department of Equipment, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Chitin, chitosan, and glycated chitosan regulate immune responses: the novel adjuvants for cancer vaccine. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:387023. [PMID: 23533454 PMCID: PMC3603646 DOI: 10.1155/2013/387023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccine has become a novel modality for cancer treatment, and the important role of adjuvant has been realized recently. Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives have shown their advantages as adjuvants for cancer vaccine. In this paper, the adjuvant properties of chitin and chitosan were discussed, and some detailed information about glycated chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles was also presented to illustrate the trend for future development.
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Li HP, Li H, Wang ZD, Zhang JJ, Deng MF, Chen SL. Preparation and In Vitro Release of Ramose Chitosan-Based-5-Fluorouracil Microspheres. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Park J, Babensee JE. Differential functional effects of biomaterials on dendritic cell maturation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3606-17. [PMID: 22705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immunological outcome of dendritic cell (DC) treatment with different biomaterials was assessed to demonstrate the range of DC phenotypes induced by biomaterials commonly used in combination products. Immature DCs (iDCs) were derived from human peripheral blood monocytes, and treated with different biomaterial films of alginate, agarose, chitosan, hyaluronic acid (HA), or 75:25 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and a comprehensive battery of phenotypic functional outcomes was assessed. Different levels of functional changes in DC phenotype were observed depending on the type of biomaterial films used to treat the DCs. Treatment of DCs with PLGA or chitosan films supported DC maturation, with higher levels of DC allostimulatory capacity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, HLA-DQ and CD44 compared with iDCs, and lower endocytic ability compared with iDCs. Alginate film induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release from DCs at levels higher than from iDCs. Dendritic cells treated with HA film expressed lower levels of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR compared with iDCs. They also exhibited lower endocytic ability and CD44 expression than iDCs, possibly due to an insolubilized (cross-linked) form of high molecular weight HA. Interestingly, treatment of DCs with agarose film maintained the DC functional phenotype at levels similar to iDCs except for CD44 expression, which was lower than that of iDCs. Taken together, these results can provide selection criteria for biomaterials to be used in immunomodulating applications and can inform potential outcomes of biomaterials within combination products on associated immune responses as desired by the application.
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Inhibitory effect of dibutyryl chitin ester on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1287-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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