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Xiran L, Hongyan S, Guixiang Q, Ying S, Xiang L, Xin T, Mengying H, Ji W, Shangwei J. Preliminary investigation and analysis of nucleotide site variability of nine glycoproteins on varicella-zoster virus envelope, Jilin Province, China, 2010-March 2024. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22758. [PMID: 39353981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicella is endemic worldwide. In China, varicella has not yet been included in the list of legal infectious diseases, nor has a unified national surveillance program been established. And the live attenuated varicella vaccine has not been included in routine immunization. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the varicella epidemiology in Jilin Province in the past 20 years, and the nucleotide site, amino acid site and N-glycosylation site variation of glycoprotein in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) surface 9 in the past 15 years. The results showed that the reported incidence of varicella in Jilin Province in the last 20 years was fluctuating above and below 20/100,000, especially after the epidemic of the COVID-19, and fatal cases appeared in individual years. The genotypic branching of VZV was monitored as Clade 2 in the last 15 years. 9 glycogen nucleotide sites of VZV had different degrees of variability, and the variability had specificity. Therefore, it gives us the idea that in order to reduce the incidence of varicella and herpes zoster, a provincial or even national surveillance program should be introduced as early as possible, and the dynamic monitoring of the variability of the nucleotide sites of VZV should be strengthened at the same time as the vaccine immunization strategy is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiran
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Sun Hongyan
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Qin Guixiang
- Department of Tuberculosis Meningitis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, 130123, Jilin, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Viral Disease, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Xin
- Department of EMO, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Han Mengying
- Department of Infectious Diseases, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Wang Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
| | - Ji Shangwei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Sauerbrei A, Wiesener N, Zell R, Wutzler P. Sequence analysis of the glycoprotein E gene of varicella-zoster virus strains of clades 1, 3 and 5. Arch Virol 2010; 156:505-9. [PMID: 21116830 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-six varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains of clades 1, 3 and 5, isolated from varicella and zoster patients in Germany, were analyzed by sequencing the glycoprotein E gene. Four novel non-synonymous and 10 novel synonymous mutations were detected. Of these, two synonymous (C513T, C885T) and two non-synonymous mutations (T485G, C524T) were located within the coding regions of e1 and c1. The profile of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be significantly associated with the VZV clades 1, 3 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauerbrei
- Reference Laboratory for HSV and VZV, Institute of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Liu M, Vafai N, Liu A, Hart J, Liu H, He J, Tang X, Wang D, Vafai A. Stability of varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 63. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1943-7. [PMID: 18807114 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stability of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 63 was analyzed by sequential passage of a virus strain in cell culture. VZV was propagated in culture for 1,206 passages. ORF63 from six passages (18, 220, 516, 730, 1060, and 1,206) was selected and sequenced. Among the six passages, only passage 1,206 showed point mutations at three locations: 551, 618 and 661. In addition, western blot analysis with anti-ORF63 monoclonal antibodies showed no discernable difference in the size of the ORF63 gene product from passage 18 and that from passage 1,206. These results indicate the stability of VZV ORF63 gene in culture over 1,206 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry Liu
- Biologics Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Novel varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E gene mutations associated with genotypes A and D. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 46:325-7. [PMID: 18032615 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01735-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the association of certain varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotypes with unique glycoprotein E (gE) gene mutations. Within 45 analyzed VZV wild-type strains of genotypes A and D, five novel gE mutations were discovered. A statistically significant (P < 0.0001) association of certain gE mutations with VZV genotype D was found.
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Shankar V, Kools JJ, Armour KL, Clark MR. A Chimeric Antibody to Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2005; 24:50-4. [PMID: 15785209 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2005.24.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) immune globulin (VZIG) derived from pooled human serum is currently used in immunotherapy of VZV-associated complications of chickenpox and shingles. We developed a mouse-human chimeric antibody against a VZV glycoprotein E (gE) epitope as a safer replacement for VZIG. Variable (V) heavy- and V kappa light-chain exons, derived from an anti-VZV gE antibody secreting mouse hybridoma cell line, were cloned into expression vectors containing an immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer, and human IgG1 or kappa constant (C) region genes. The expression vectors were cotransfected into mouse myeloma cell line (NSO), generating transformants that secreted chimeric human-mouse IgGs. The chimeric and the parent mouse antibody were indistinguishable in their antigen binding specificity. VZV gE chimeric antibody may prove to be a prophylactic antibody that could provide significant advantages over VZIG in having defined specificity, lessened possibility of contamination with viral pathogens, and consistent availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Shankar
- Biologics Branch, Scientific Resources Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Grose C, Tyler S, Peters G, Hiebert J, Stephens GM, Ruyechan WT, Jackson W, Storlie J, Tipples GA. Complete DNA sequence analyses of the first two varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (D150N) mutant viruses found in North America: evolution of genotypes with an accelerated cell spread phenotype. J Virol 2004; 78:6799-807. [PMID: 15194755 PMCID: PMC421634 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.13.6799-6807.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is considered to be one of the most genetically stable of all the herpesviruses. Yet two VZV strains with a D150N missense mutation within the gE glycoprotein were isolated in North America in 1998 and 2002. The mutant strains have an accelerated cell spread phenotype, which distinguishes them from all wild-type and laboratory viruses. Since the VZV genome contains 70 additional open reading frames (ORFs), the possibility existed that the phenotypic change was actually due to an as-yet-undiscovered mutation or deletion elsewhere in the genome. To exclude this hypothesis, the entire genomes of the two mutant viruses were sequenced and found to contain 124,883 (VZV-MSP) and 125,459 (VZV-BC) nucleotides. Coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 14 ORFs. One missense mutation was discovered in gH, but none was found in gB, gI, gL, or gK. There were no coding SNPs in the major regulatory protein ORF 62. One polymorphism was discovered which could never have been anticipated based on current knowledge of herpesvirus genomics, namely, the origins of replication differed from those in the prototype strain but not in a manner expected to affect cell spread. When the two complete mutant VZV sequences were surveyed in their entirety, the most reasonable conclusion was that the increased cell spread phenotype was dependent substantially or solely on the single D150N polymorphism in glycoprotein gE. The genomic results also expanded the evolutionary database by identifying which VZV ORFs were more likely to mutate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Grose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
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Carr MJ, McCormack GP, Crowley B. Genetic variation in clinical varicella-zoster virus isolates collected in Ireland between 2002 and 2003. J Med Virol 2004; 73:131-6. [PMID: 15042660 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of genetic variation in 16 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) isolates selected at random and circulating in the Irish population between March 2002 and February 2003 was carried out. A 919 bp fragment of the glycoprotein E gene (open reading frame 68) encompassing codon 150, at which a non-synonymous mutation defines the escape mutant VZV-MSP, and including two other epitope regions e1 and c1, was sequenced. No new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, indicating stability of these epitopes in clinical isolates of VZV. However, when four informative polymorphic markers consisting of defined regions from genes 1, 21, 50, and 54 were sequenced 14 variable nucleotide positions were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of three highly supported clades A, B, and C circulating in the Irish population. Approximately one third (6/16; 37.5%) of the Irish VZV isolates in this study belonged to genotype C, 4/16 (25%) to genotype A, and 4/16 (25%) to genotype B. A smaller number 2/16 (12.5%) belonged to genotype J1. This indicates remarkable heterogeneity in the Irish population given the small sample size. No evidence was found to suggest any of the 16 isolates was a recombinant. These findings have implications for the model of geographic isolation of VZV clades to certain regions as the circulating Irish VZV population appears to comprise approximately equal numbers of each of the main genotypes. This data is inconsistent with a model of strict geographical separation of VZV genotypes and suggests that VZV diversity is more pronounced in certain areas than had been thought previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Carr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Tipples GA, Stephens GM, Sherlock C, Bowler M, Hoy B, Cook D, Grose C. New variant of varicella-zoster virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1504-5. [PMID: 12498673 PMCID: PMC2738511 DOI: 10.3201/eid0812.020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1998, a varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) mutant virus (VZV-MSP) was isolated from a child with chickenpox. VZV-MSP, representing a second VZV serotype, was considered a rarity. We isolated another VZV-MSP-like virus from an elderly man with herpes zoster. These gE mutant viruses may have arisen through independent mutation or may represent a distinct VZV subpopulation that emerged more than 50 years ago.
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