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Do VT, Jang J, Park J, Dao HT, Kim K, Hahn TW. Recombinant adenovirus carrying a core neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and heat-labile enterotoxin B of Escherichia coli as a mucosal vaccine. Arch Virol 2020; 165:609-618. [PMID: 31950289 PMCID: PMC7087028 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) targets the intestinal mucosa in pigs. To protect against PEDV invasion, a mucosal vaccine is utilized effectively. In this study, we generated a recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) and the core neutralizing epitope (COE) of PEDV (rAd-LTB-COE). The fusion protein LTB-COE was successfully expressed by the recombinant adenovirus in HEK293 cells, and the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate was assessed in BALB/c mice and piglets. Three intramuscular or oral vaccinations with rAd-LTB-COE at two-week intervals induced robust humoral and mucosal immune responses. Moreover, a cell-mediated immune response was promoted in immunized mice, and the neutralizing antibody inhibited both the vaccine strain and the emerging PEDV isolate. Immunization experiments in piglets revealed that rAd-LTB-COE was immunogenic and induced good immune responses in piglets. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of rAd-LTB-COE against a highly virulent PEDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Do
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondehaekgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jisung Jang
- Gangwon Veterinary Service Laboratory, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondehaekgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hoai Thu Dao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondehaekgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kiju Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondehaekgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondehaekgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea.
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Passmore IJ, Andrejeva A, Wren BW, Cuccui J. Cytoplasmic glycoengineering of Apx toxin fragments in the development of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae glycoconjugate vaccines. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:6. [PMID: 30606265 PMCID: PMC6318927 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and represents a major burden to the livestock industry. Virulence can largely be attributed to the secretion of a series of haemolytic toxins, which are highly immunogenic. A. pleuropneumoniae also encodes a cytoplasmic N-glycosylation system, which involves the modification of high molecular weight adhesins with glucose residues. Central to this process is the soluble N-glycosyl transferase, ngt, which is encoded in an operon with a subsequent glycosyl transferase, agt. Plasmid-borne recombinant expression of these genes in E. coli results in the production of a glucose polymer on peptides containing the appropriate acceptor sequon, NX(S/T). However to date, there is little evidence to suggest that such a glucose polymer is formed on its target peptides in A. pleuropneumoniae. Both the toxins and glycosylation system represent potential targets for the basis of a vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. RESULTS In this study, we developed cytoplasmic glycoengineering to construct glycoconjugate vaccine candidates composed of soluble toxin fragments modified by glucose. We transferred ngt and agt to the chromosome of Escherichia coli in order to generate a native-like operon for glycoengineering. A single chromosomal copy of ngt and agt resulted in the glucosylation of toxin fragments by a short glycan, rather than a polymer. CONCLUSIONS A vaccine candidate that combines toxin fragment with a conserved glycan offers a novel approach to generating epitopes important for both colonisation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Passmore
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Anna Andrejeva
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Martínez-Hernández SL, Cervantes-García D, Muñoz-Ortega M, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Loera-Muro VM, Ascacio-Martínez JA, de Jesús Loera-Arias M, de Oca-Luna RM, Ventura-Juárez J. An anti-amoebic vaccine: generation of the recombinant antigen LC3 from Entamoeba histolytica linked to mutated exotoxin A (PEΔIII) via the Pichia pastoris system. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1149-1157. [PMID: 28470625 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate an immunogenic chimeric protein containing the Entamoeba histolytica LC3 fragment fused to the retrograde delivery domains of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and KDEL3 for use as an effective vaccine. RESULTS A codon-optimized synthetic gene encoding the PEΔIII-LC3-KDEL3 fusion construct was designed for expression in Pichia pastoris. This transgene was subcloned into the plasmid pPIC9 for methanol-inducible expression. After transformation and selection of positive-transformed clones by PCR, the expression of the recombinant protein PEΔIII-LC3-KDEL3 was elicited. SDS-PAGE, protein glycosylation staining and western blot assays demonstrated a 67 kDa protein in the medium culture supernatant. The recombinant protein was detected with a polyclonal anti-6X His tag antibody and a polyclonal E. histolytica-specific antibody. A specific antibody response was induced in hamsters after immunization with this protein. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time the design and expression of the recombinant E. histolytica LC3 protein fused to PEΔIII and KDEL3, with potential application as an immunogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- CONACYT-Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
| | - Martín Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
| | - Liseth R Aldaba-Muruato
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
| | - Victor M Loera-Muro
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Ascacio-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud y, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - María de Jesús Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico.
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Oral immunization against porcine pleuropneumonia using the cubic phase of monoolein and purified toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2014; 32:6805-11. [PMID: 25446832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to obtain an orally administered immunogen that would protect against infections by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The Apx I, II and III toxins were obtained from the supernatants of cultures of serotypes 1 and 3 of A. pleuropneumoniae. The capacity of monoolein gel to trap and protect the Apx toxins, and the effect of their incorporation on the stability of the cubic phase were evaluated. The gel was capable of trapping a 400-μg/ml concentration of the antigen with no effects on its structure. Approximately 60% of the protein molecules were released from the gel within 4h. Four experimental groups were formed, each one with four pigs. All challenges were conducted in a nebulization chamber. Group A: Control (-) not vaccinated and not challenged; Group B: Control (+) not vaccinated but challenged; Group C: vaccinated twice intramuscularly with ToxCom (a commercial toxoid) at an interval of 15 days and then challenged; and Group D: vaccinated orally twice a week for 4 weeks with ToxOral (an oral toxoid) and challenged on day 28 of the experiment with a same dose of 2.0 × 10(4) UFC of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 3. The lesions found in group B covered 27.7-43.1% of the lungs; the pigs in group C had lesions over 12.3-28%; and those in group D over 15.4-32.3%. No lesions were found in the Group A pigs. A. pleuropneumoniae induced macroscopic lesions characteristic of infection by and lesions microscopic detected by histopathology. The etiologic agent was recovered from the infected lungs, tonsils and spleen. The serotypes identified were 1 and 3. An indirect ELISA test identified the antibodies against the Apx toxins in the serum of the animals immunized orally.
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Lee SH, Lee S, Chae C, Ryu DY. A recombinant chimera comprising the R1 and R2 repeat regions of M. hyopneumoniae P97 and the N-terminal region of A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII elicits immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 24533486 PMCID: PMC3932138 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, either alone or together, causes serious respiratory diseases in pigs. Results To develop an efficient multi-disease subunit vaccine against these pathogens, we produced a chimeric protein called Ap97, which comprises a deletion derivative of the N-terminal region of the A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII toxin (ApxN) and the R1 and R2 repeats of M. hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin (P97C), using an E. coli expression system. The levels of both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes specific for ApxN and P97C in the sera of Ap97-immunized mice increased, and Ap97 induced the secretion of IL-4 and IFN-γ by mouse splenocytes. Antisera from mice and pigs immunized with Ap97 readily reacted with both native ApxIII and P97 proteins. In addition, immunization with the Ap97 vaccine effectively protected pigs against challenge with both pathogens. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ap97 confers immunogenicity, and is an effective vaccine that protects pigs against infection by M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doug-Young Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Guan ZJ, Guo B, Huo YL, Guan ZP, Dai JK, Wei YH. Recent advances and safety issues of transgenic plant-derived vaccines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2817-40. [PMID: 23447052 PMCID: PMC7080054 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plant-derived vaccines comprise a new type of bioreactor that combines plant genetic engineering technology with an organism's immunological response. This combination can be considered as a bioreactor that is produced by introducing foreign genes into plants that elicit special immunogenicity when introduced into animals or human beings. In comparison with traditional vaccines, plant vaccines have some significant advantages, such as low cost, greater safety, and greater effectiveness. In a number of recent studies, antigen-specific proteins have been successfully expressed in various plant tissues and have even been tested in animals and human beings. Therefore, edible vaccines of transgenic plants have a bright future. This review begins with a discussion of the immune mechanism and expression systems for transgenic plant vaccines. Then, current advances in different transgenic plant vaccines will be analyzed, including vaccines against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites. In view of the low expression levels for antigens in plants, high-level expression strategies of foreign protein in transgenic plants are recommended. Finally, the existing safety problems in transgenic plant vaccines were put forward will be discussed along with a number of appropriate solutions that will hopefully lead to future clinical application of edible plant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-jun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-lin Huo
- Centre of Biological and Chemical Exiperiment, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
| | - Zheng-ping Guan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangshu 210095 China
| | - Jia-kun Dai
- Enzyme Engineering Institute of Shaanxi, Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
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Characterization of Heat-Labile toxin-subunit B from Escherichia coli by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3886-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lopez B, Quintanar- D, Romero R, Suarez G, Ciprian C, Mendoza E. Preliminary Study: Evaluation of Glyceryl Monooleate Cubic Phase as a Protection and Carrier System for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Toxins in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1311.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huy NX, Kim YS, Jun SC, Jin Z, Park SM, Yang MS, Kim TG. Production of a heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-neutralizing epitope fusion protein in transgenic lettuce ( Lactuca sativa). BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010; 14:731-737. [PMID: 32218676 PMCID: PMC7091058 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based vaccines have been produced in transgenic plants including tobacco, potatoes, corn, and rice. However, these plants are not suitable for administration without cooking. To overcome this obstacle, a fusion gene encoding the synthetic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit genetically fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sLTB-sCOE) was introduced into lettuce cells (Lactuca sativa) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods. The integration and expression of the sLTB-sCOE fusion gene was confirmed in transgenic lettuce by genomic DNA PCR amplification and Northern blot analysis, respectively. Synthesis and assembly of the LTB-COE fusion protein into oligomeric structures with pentamer size were observed in transgenic plant extracts by Western blot analysis with anti-LTB or anti-COE antibodies. The binding of plantproduced LTB-COE to intestinal epithelial cell membrane glycolipid receptors was confirmed by GM1-ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA). Based on the ELISA results, LTB-COE fusion protein made up about 0.026∼0.048% of the total soluble protein in the transgenic lettuce leaf tissues. The synthesis and assembly of LTB-COE monomers into biologically active oligomers in transgenic lettuce leaf tissues demonstrates the feasibility of using uncooked edible plant-based vaccines for mucosal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Xuan Huy
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Sang-Chel Jun
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Zhewu Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Seung-Moon Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Korea
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Wang C, Wang Y, Shao M, Si W, Liu H, Chang Y, Peng W, Kong X, Liu S. Positive role for rApxIVN in the immune protection of pigs against infection by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2009; 27:5816-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Expression and Immunogenicity of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin B Subunit in Transgenic Rice Callus. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 44:14-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ApxIA and ApxIIA DNA vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae lethal challenge in murine model. Vaccine 2009; 27:4565-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lei L, Sun C, Lu S, Feng X, Wang J, Han W. Selection of serotype-specific vaccine candidate genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and heterologous immunization with Propionibacterium acnes. Vaccine 2008; 26:6274-80. [PMID: 18835316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) is a highly contagious lethal causative agent of swine pleuropneumoniae. Vaccines for this disease are usually serotype specific. In order to identify immunogenic genes specific to serotypes, two differentially expressed gene cDNA libraries of A. pleuropneumoniae CCVC259 (serotype 1) and CCVC263 (serotype 5) had been constructed by using a cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA). From the libraries, six potential vaccine candidate genes expressed only in serotype 1 and 13 genes in serotype 5 were identified by antibody screening after gene expression in vitro with a ribosome display system. Eight sequences out of these exhibited 77-100% identity to the corresponding genes in Propionibacterium acnes. The antisera raised against A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were reactive with P. acnes at a titer of 1:6400 and vice versa (ELISA titer, 1:3200). Mice immunized with P. acnes were protected against 10 x LD50 challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5, and the survival rates were 90% and 95%, respectively. Pigs vaccinated with the P. acnes strain could develop high level antibody cross-reacted with A. pleuropneumoniae and obtain noticeable protection from A. pleuropneumoniae infection. These data demonstrate that there were common antigens between A. pleuropneumoniae and P. acnes, and the cross protectivity highlights the possibility of using P. acnes vaccines for preventing infection by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Lei
- Xi'an street 5333#, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:25-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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Ran XQ, Wang HZ, Liu JJ, Li S, Wang JF. The immunogenicity of fusion protein linking the carboxyl terminus of the B subunit of Shiga toxin 2 to the B subunit of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Wang C, Liu S, Peng Y, Shao M, Wang Y, Gong Q, Chang Y, Liu J, Liu H, Liu D, Kong X. Renaturation and purification of ApxII toxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 52:441-5. [PMID: 17218112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ApxII toxin is the only Apx toxin that is produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7. In order to determine whether the recombinant ApxII that derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression is faithful to the natural ApxII so that can be used as additional component in vaccine preparation, the structure gene apxIIA of ApxII toxin was expressed in E. coli with prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6p-1 (formed pGEX-6p-A). pGZRS-C which is A. pleuropneumoniae-E. coli shuttle vector pGZRS-38 expressing the post-transcriptional activation gene apxII C was co-expressed with pGEX-6p-A. The expression product of rApxII A formed inclusion. The inclusion protein was oxidized, refolded and restored hemolytic activity after denaturation, renaturation and purification. The result indicated that E. coli expressed recombinant ApxII toxin has good fidelity, which makes it possible to produce this valuable antigen for vaccine preparation or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Wang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Kim TG, Kim MY, Kim BG, Kang TJ, Kim YS, Jang YS, Arntzen CJ, Yang MS. Synthesis and assembly of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit in transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Protein Expr Purif 2007; 51:22-7. [PMID: 16919472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) strongly induces immune responses and can be used as an adjuvant for co-administered antigens. Synthetic LTB (sLTB) based on optimal codon usage by plants was introduced into lettuce cells (Lactuca sativa) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation methods. The sLTB gene was detected in the genomic DNA of transgenic lettuce leaf cells by PCR DNA amplification. Synthesis and assembly of the sLTB protein into oligomeric structures of pentameric size was observed in transgenic plant extracts using Western blot analysis. The binding of sLTB pentamers to intestinal epithelial cell membrane glycolipid receptors was confirmed by G(M1)-ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (G(M1)-ELISA). Based on the results of ELISA, sLTB protein comprised approximately 1.0-2.0% of total soluble protein in transgenic lettuce leaf tissues. The synthesis and assembly of sLTB monomers into biologically active oligomers in transgenic lettuce leaf tissues demonstrates the feasibility of the use of edible plant-based vaccines consumed in the form of raw plant materials to induce mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Geum Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kang TJ, Han SC, Yang MS, Jang YS. Expression of synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fused with synthetic B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in tobacco plants. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 46:16-22. [PMID: 16174563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The pentameric B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) can be used as an efficient mucosal carrier of either immunogenic or tolerogenic T-cell epitopes. Co-delivery of therapeutic proteins with carrier proteins could increase the effectiveness of the antigen. This paper reports the ability of transgenic tobacco plants to express a fusion protein consisting of the synthetic LTB and a synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), causing an enteric disease that is especially severe in piglets. Both components of the fusion proteins were detected in Western blot analysis, and binding assay confirmed that plant-synthesized pentameric LTB-PEDV fusion bound to the intestinal membrane GM1-ganglioside receptor. This suggested that the fusion protein retained both its native antigenicity and the ability to form pentamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kang
- Team of Research and Development, Jeonbuk Bioindustry Development Institute, Jeonju 561-360, South Korea
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19
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Abstract
Delivery of vaccines to mucosal surfaces can elicit humoral and cell-mediated responses of the mucosal and systemic immune systems, evoke less pain and discomfort than parenteral delivery, and eliminate needle-associated risks. Transgenic plants are an ideal means by which to produce oral vaccines, as the rigid walls of the plant cell protect antigenic proteins from the acidic environment of the stomach, enabling intact antigen to reach the gut associated lymphoid tissue. In the past few years, new techniques (such as chloroplast transformation and food processing) have improved antigen concentration in transgenic plants. In addition, adjuvants and targeting proteins have increased the immunogenicity of mucosally administered plant-made vaccines. These studies have moved plant-made vaccines closer to the development phase.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/cytology
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/metabolism
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Legislation, Drug
- Mice
- Plant Structures/genetics
- Plant Structures/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Nicotiana/cytology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Edible/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manuela Rigano
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287, USA
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20
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Seah JN, Frey J, Kwang J. The N-terminal domain of RTX toxin ApxI of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae elicits protective immunity in mice. Infect Immun 2002; 70:6464-7. [PMID: 12379729 PMCID: PMC130407 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.11.6464-6467.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We expressed three Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxI deletion derivatives to map the domain that could induce protective immunity. Antiserum to ApxI N-terminal covered by residues 40 to 380 was found to neutralize ApxI hemolytic activity but not ApxIII cytotoxicity. When used as a subunit vaccine in mice, this recombinant N-terminal fragment elicited protection against lethal infection with heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Seah
- Laboratory of Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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21
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Chen JR, Liao CW, Mao SJ, Weng CN. A recombinant chimera composed of repeat region RR1 of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae adhesin with Pseudomonas exotoxin: in vivo evaluation of specific IgG response in mice and pigs. Vet Microbiol 2001; 80:347-57. [PMID: 11348771 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the binding and translocation domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A [domain III deleted PE termed PE(DeltaIII)] as a vehicle, this study characterized and evaluated a novel application of PE toxin in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae adhesin used as an immunogen. PCR and sequence analysis revealed that 16 copies of AAKPV(E) in tandem repeat region 1 (RR1) of M. hyopneumoniae 97kDa adhesion were successfully fused to the downstream of PE(DeltaIII) to create a subunit vaccine, i.e. PE(DeltaIII)-RR1. This chimeric protein, over-expressed in inclusion bodies of E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS, was characterized by a monoclonal antibody (MAb) F2G5 prepared against RR1 of the 97kDa adhesin and was readily purified. The data indicated that the epitope recognized by MAb F2G5 was located in the structure of PE(DeltaIII)-RR1. Using ELISA and Western blot analyses, the specific IgG immune response against RR1 and whole adhesin in mice immunized with PE(DeltaIII)-RR1 was found more marked than that in mice immunized with the M. hyopneumoniae whole cells. Similarly, PE(DeltaIII)-RR1 also stimulated a remarkable IgG response against RR1 in pigs compared to that in pigs immunized with the conventional M. hyopneumoniae vaccine. The PE(DeltaIII)-RR1 would be potentially useful for the future development of a M. hyopneumoniae adhesin vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Chen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pig Research Institute Taiwan, P.O. Box 23, 35099, ROC, Chunan Miaoli, Taiwan
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