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Ravić B, Debeljak-Martacić J, Pokimica B, Vidović N, Ranković S, Glibetić M, Stepanović P, Popović T. The Effect of Fish Oil-Based Foods on Lipid and Oxidative Status Parameters in Police Dogs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081092. [PMID: 36008986 PMCID: PMC9405924 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, degradation, and reconstruction of the cell membrane as a metabolic pathway of phospholipids is a constant and dynamic process. Fatty acids as bioactive lipid components of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids as structural lipids have biological roles in the integrity of cell membranes. Fatty acids, depending on the chain length, the degree of saturation, and the synthesis pathways, can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress caused by excessive exercise. Considering that changing food intake or diet can influence fatty acid phospholipid metabolism, our study aimed to determine the potential benefits of fish-based diets in working (police) dogs undergoing intensive training concerning bioactive lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids of plasma, and erythrocytes. Fatty acid esters’ composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids as a bioactive lipids, in addition to markers of oxidative stress and metabolic parameters, were analysed by GC chromatography. The food was well tolerated by all dogs, and the compliance to the diet was high throughout the study. After the treatment with fish-based food, blood glucose, total, and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced, indicating positive biochemical profiles of dogs. Correlations of fatty acid phospholipid compositions between plasma and erythrocytes have shown that both plasma and erythrocytes could represent markers of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid intake levels in dogs. Morover, fish-based food supplementation caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation markers. The enrichment of dogs’ diets with marine fish could improve oxidative status and improve roles and status of bioactive lipids, such as membrane phospholipids and fatty acids, as its components in plasma and erythrocytes in police dogs exposed to intensive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Ravić
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martacić
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Pokimica
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Vidović
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Stepanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Center for Excellence in Food and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-603048919
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Dyall SC. Interplay Between n-3 and n-6 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Endocannabinoid System in Brain Protection and Repair. Lipids 2017; 52:885-900. [PMID: 28875399 PMCID: PMC5656721 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is enriched in arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series, respectively. Both are essential for optimal brain development and function. Dietary enrichment with DHA and other long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown beneficial effects on learning and memory, neuroinflammatory processes, and synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. ARA, DHA and EPA are precursors to a diverse repertoire of bioactive lipid mediators, including endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system comprises cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and their biosynthetic and degradation enzymes. Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the most widely studied endocannabinoids and are both derived from phospholipid-bound ARA. The endocannabinoid system also has well-established roles in neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, suggesting an overlap in the neuroprotective effects observed with these different classes of lipids. Indeed, growing evidence suggests a complex interplay between n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA and the endocannabinoid system. For example, long-term DHA and EPA supplementation reduces AEA and 2-AG levels, with reciprocal increases in levels of the analogous endocannabinoid-like DHA and EPA-derived molecules. This review summarises current evidence of this interplay and discusses the therapeutic potential for brain protection and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Dyall
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK.
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Adeyemi KD, Sabow AB, Ebrahimi M, Samsudin AA, Sazili AQ. Fatty acid composition, cholesterol and antioxidant status of infraspinatus muscle, liver and kidney of goats fed blend of palm oil and canola oil. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1158081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adeyemi KD, Sabow AB, Abubakar A, Samsudin AA, Sazili AQ. Effects of dietary oil blend on fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle in goats. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1421-1432. [PMID: 26987458 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of dietary blend of 80% canola oil and 20% palm oil (BCPO) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant status, oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle from goats during chill storage. Over a 14-week feeding trial, 24 Boer bucks were randomly assigned to and supplemented with diets containing 0, 4 or 8% BCPO on a dry matter basis, slaughtered and the LTL was subjected to a 7 day chill storage. Neither diet nor post mortem ageing influenced (P > 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities, chemical composition and cholesterol. Diet had no effect on the carbonyl content, free thiol content, water-holding capacity, tenderness, pH and glycogen. Oil-supplemented goats had higher (P < 0.05) C18:1 trans-11, C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3, carotenoid, tocopherol and redness, and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values than the control goats. Post mortem ageing decreased (P < 0.05) shear force and oxidative stability of chevon. No significant (P > 0.05) changes were found in the proportion of individual fatty acids throughout storage. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased while total saturated fatty acids increased as storage progressed. Dietary BCPO enhanced n-3 PUFA without compromising the quality attributes of chevon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture.,Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Azad Behnan Sabow
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture.,Department of Animal Resource, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture. , .,Halal Products Research Institute, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia. , .,Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ,
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Adeyemi KD, Sabow AB, Aghwan ZA, Ebrahimi M, Samsudin AA, Alimon AR, Sazili AQ. Serum fatty acids, biochemical indices and antioxidant status in goats fed canola oil and palm oil blend. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:6. [PMID: 26858839 PMCID: PMC4745155 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Dietary supplementation of unsaturated fats in ruminants, if not stabilized, can instigate oxidative stress which can have negative impact on production performance and enhance the susceptibility to various diseases. The current study examined the effect of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on serum fatty acids, antioxidant profile and biochemical indices in goats. Thirty Boer bucks (4–5 months old; initial BW, 20.34 ± 0.77 kg) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 or 8 % CPOB and fed daily for a period of 90 days. Blood was sampled from the goats on 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the trial and the serum was analyzed for fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, antioxidants and lipid oxidation. Results Neither diet nor sampling time influenced serum TBARS value, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein. Goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had higher (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol than the control goats on day 30, 60 and 90. The proportion of C15:0 decreased with increasing level of CPOB on day 30 and 60. Serum C18:1n-9 increased with increasing level of CPOB in diet on day 60. The proportion of C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of C18:2n-6 decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in the level of CPOB on day 60 and 90. Dietary CPOB did not affect serum total carotenoid and δ-tocopherol but did increase (P < 0.05) α and γ-tocopherol. Conclusion Dietary canola oil and palm oil blend could be supplemented in diets without instigating oxidative stress in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem D Adeyemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia ; Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, PMB 1515 Nigeria
| | - Azad B Sabow
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia ; Department of Animal Resource, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Zeiad A Aghwan
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia ; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Anjas A Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Abdul R Alimon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Awis Q Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia ; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia ; Animal Production Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
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Satkunendrarajah K, Fehlings MG. Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate spinal cord injury? Exp Neurol 2013; 249:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sagols E, Priymenko N. Oxidative stress in dog with heart failure: the role of dietary Fatty acids and antioxidants. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:180206. [PMID: 21547262 PMCID: PMC3087355 DOI: 10.4061/2011/180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs with heart failure, cell oxygenation and cellular metabolism do not work properly, leading to the production of a large amount of free radicals. In the organism, these free radicals are responsible of major cellular damages: this is oxidative stress. However, a suitable food intake plays an important role in limiting this phenomenon: on the one hand, the presence of essential fatty acids in the composition of membranes decreases sensitivity of cells to free radicals and constitutes a first protection against the oxidative stress; on the other hand, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and polyphenols are antioxidant molecules which can help cells to neutralize these free radicals.
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Phang M, Garg ML, Sinclair AJ. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is gender specific-Redefining platelet response to fish oils. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:35-40. [PMID: 19481915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Existence of gender differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) following long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) supplementation have suggested that sex hormones play a role in cardio-protection. The objective of this study was to determine gender specific responses in the efficacy of LCn-3 PUFA to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. Blood was analyzed for collagen-induced platelet aggregation following pre-incubation with LCn-3 PUFA in healthy adults (n=42). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was significantly more effective in reducing platelet aggregation compared with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). When grouped by gender, this differential pattern was followed in males only. In females, DHA, DPA and EPA were all equally effective. Between group analyses (LCn-3 PUFA vs. gender) showed that both DHA and DPA were significantly less effective in males compared with females. EPA was equally effective in reducing platelet aggregation in both groups. These findings show that significant gender differences exist in platelet aggregation in response to various LCn-3 PUFA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, 305C Medical Sciences Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Elbaraas H, Mézes M, Balogh K, Horváth L, Csengeri I, Fébel H. Effect of different dietary fat sources on production traits, lipid peroxide status and on the glutathione redox system in African catfish [Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)] fingerlings. Short communication. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2005; 56:165-8. [PMID: 15813224 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.56.2005.1-2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are used to provide the energy to cover the metabolic needs and to provide essential fatty acids, which are important for membrane function [12]. Fats may contain high level of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are prone to peroxidation [8] and will interact with the antioxidant defense system [1]. There is contradiction in the literature about whether the intake of fish oil enhance [7] or deplete [4] tissue antioxidant defenses and the glutathione redox system in different organisms. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of different dietary oils on parameters of the lipid peroxide state and the glutathione redox system in C. gariepinus fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elbaraas
- Department of Fish Culture, Szent István University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary.
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α-tocopherol concentrations, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat heart and liver after feeding stabilized and unstabilized fish oil. Nutr Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(01)00387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Darlington LG, Stone TW. Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. Br J Nutr 2001; 85:251-69. [PMID: 11299072 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) is an important factor in the development and maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis in humans and animal models. One source of free radicals is nitric oxide produced within the synoviocytes and chondrocytes and giving rise to the highly toxic radical peroxynitrite. Several cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) are involved in the formation of free radicals, partly by increasing the activity of nitric oxide synthase. Indeed, nitric oxide may mediate some of the deleterious effects of cytokines on bone resorption. Aspirin, tetracyclines, steroids and methotrexate can suppress nitric oxide synthase. Dietary antioxidants include ascorbate and the tocopherols and beneficial effects of high doses have been reported especially in osteoarthritis. There is also evidence for beneficial effects of beta-carotene and selenium, the latter being a component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) include the n-3 compounds, some of which are precursors of eicosanoid synthesis, and the n-6 group which can increase formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and interleukin-6, and of reactive oxygen species. Some prostaglandins, however, suppress cytokine formation, so that n-3 PUFA often oppose the inflammatory effects of some n-6-PUFA. gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is a precursor of prostaglandin E1, a fact which may account for its reported ability to ameliorate arthritic symptoms. Fish oil supplements, rich in n-3 PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic acid have been claimed as beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis, possibly by suppression of the immune system and its cytokine repertoire. Some other oils of marine origin (e.g. from the green-lipped mussel) and a range of vegetable oils (e.g. olive oil and evening primrose oil) have indirect anti-inflammatory actions, probably mediated via prostaglandin E1. Overall, there is a growing scientific rationale for the use of dietary supplements as adjuncts in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Darlington
- Epsom General Hospital, Dorking Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 7EG, UK.
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Leifert WR, Jahangiri A, Saint DA, McMurchie EJ. Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on contractility, Na+ and K+ currents in a rat cardiomyocyte model of arrhythmia. J Nutr Biochem 2000; 11:382-92. [PMID: 11044633 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to prevent ventricular fibrillation in human clinical studies and in studies involving experimental animals and isolated cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to determine whether dietary n-3 PUFAs could prevent isoproterenol and free radical-induced arrhythmic (asynchronous) contractile activity in adult rat cardiomyocytes and whether whole-cell Na(+) and K(+) currents measured by patch-clamp techniques were affected. Dietary supplementation with fish oil for 3 weeks significantly increased the proportion of total n-3 PUFAs in ventricular membrane phospholipids compared with saturated fat supplementation (18.8 +/- 0.6% vs. 8.1 +/- 1.0%, respectively). Cardiomyocytes from the fish oil group were less susceptible to isoproterenol-induced asynchronous contractile activity than were those from the saturated fat group [EC(50) values: 892 +/- 130 nM, n = 6 and 347 +/- 91 nM, n = 6 (P < 0.05), respectively]. Fish oil supplementation also prolonged the time taken to develop asynchronous contractile activity induced by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The voltage dependence of inactivation of Na(+) currents were significantly altered (-73.5 +/- 1.2 mV, n = 5 vs. -76.7 +/- 0.7 mV, n = 5, P < 0.05, for saturated fat and fish oil treated groups, respectively). The voltage dependence of activation of Na(+) and K(+) currents was not significantly affected by the dietary fish oil treatment. These results demonstrate the antiarrhythmic effects of dietary fish oil in a cardiomyocyte model of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Leifert
- Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Baba NH, Antoniades K, Habbal Z. Effects of dietary canola, olive, and linolenic acid enriched olive oils on plasma lipids, lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein lipase activity in rats. Nutr Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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