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Ju C, Yang Y, Lian Q, Wang L, Wang X, Wei B, Huang D, Xu X, He J. Clinical outcomes and survival following lung transplantation for work-related lung disease: a single-center retrospective cohort study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36782253 PMCID: PMC9923919 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with work-related lung disease (WRLD) are at increased risk of death caused by severe lung tissue damage and fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of lung transplantation (LTx) for WRLD and compare the results of LTx between WRLD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent LTx for WRLD or IPF at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021. Cumulative survival rates after LTx were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The final analysis included 33 cases of WRLD and 91 cases of IPF. The 33 WRLD patients consisted of 19 (57.6%) cases of silicosis, 8 (24.2%) cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 3 (9.09%) cases of asbestosis, and 3 (9.09%) cases of other WRLD. Pneumothorax as an indication for LTx was significantly more common in the WRLD group than in the IPF group (51.5% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 5-year cumulative survival rate between the WRLD patients and the IPF patients (66.6% vs. 56.7%, P = 0.67). There was no significant difference in the best performance of exercise capacity and lung function between the two groups at 1 year post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS LTx had similar survival outcomes and lung function for WRLD and IPF patients. Pneumothorax was the primary indication for lung transplantation in WRLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Ju
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yalan Yang
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Qiaoyan Lian
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Lulin Wang
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bing Wei
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Danxia Huang
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Xin Xu
- grid.470124.4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Pan JH, Cheng CH, Wang CL, Dai CY, Sheu CC, Tsai MJ, Hung JY, Chong IW. Risk of pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients in Taiwan: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054098. [PMID: 34625418 PMCID: PMC8504346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to explore the association between pneumoconiosis and pneumothorax. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Nationwide population-based study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2333 pneumoconiosis patients were identified (1935 patients for propensity score (PS)-matched cohort) and matched to 23 330 control subjects by age and sex (7740 subjects for PS-matched cohort). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence and the cumulative incidence of pneumothorax. RESULTS Both incidence and the cumulative incidence of pneumothorax were significantly higher in the pneumoconiosis patients as compared with the control subjects (p<0.0001). For multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, residency, income level and other comorbidities, patients with pneumoconiosis exhibited a significantly higher risk of pneumothorax than those without pneumoconiosis (HR 3.05, 95% CI 2.18 to 4.28, p<0.0001). The male sex, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease and connective tissue disease were risk factors for developing pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a higher risk of pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients and suggested potential risk factors in these patients. Clinicians should be aware about the risk of pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Hui Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Association between Coalmine Dust and Mortality Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6624799. [PMID: 33763477 PMCID: PMC7963907 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence on the carcinogenicity of coalmine dust in occupational settings is still conflicting. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate the mortality risk of lung cancer for coalminers exposed to occupational dust when compared to population with no or low dust exposure. Methods Databases of PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure as well as reference lists were searched updated to September 18, 2020. The enrolled articles should report lung cancer mortality risk for coalminers exposed to occupational dust. Basic information was extracted such as the author and publication year, area and ethnicity, the type and estimates of outcome, duration of follow-up, and the study design. The checklists from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the assessment of quality and bias risk for descriptive studies, cohort studies, and case control studies, respectively. The overall relative risks were calculated while Begg's and Egger's tests and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore potential heterogeneity sources. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were also conducted to give more detailed information for the correlation between dust exposure and lung cancer mortality. Results A total of 19 articles with 22 different studies (descriptive study, case control study, and cohort study) including 8909 observed deaths from 1964 to 2017 were enrolled with a significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 95%, P < 0.001). The pooled relative risk of mortality from lung cancer was 1.16 (1.03-1.30) for coalminers. Results of metaregression analysis indicated that the high heterogeneity among these enrolled studies might be caused by the ethnicity differences (P = 0.011). Subgroup analysis also indicated that the pooled estimate for Asian population in China was 4.94 (3.95-6.17) with I 2 = 39.3% and P = 0.192. All these results suggested that exposure to occupational dust would significantly increase the mortality risk of lung cancer, especially for Asian population in China, which should be measured and controlled more strictly. Discussion. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides high-quality evidence that exposure to occupational dust might increase the mortality risk of lung cancer, especially for Asian populations in China. The magnitude of this effect is of major public health importance in view of the ubiquitous existence of coalmining industry in China and even in the world. However, these pooled estimates should be interpreted cautiously because of the high heterogeneity among these publications. Other. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1302501).
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Sadhra SS, Mohammed N, Kurmi OP, Fishwick D, De Matteis S, Hutchings S, Jarvis D, Ayres JG, Rushton L. Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort. Thorax 2020; 75:468-475. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO).MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model.ResultsOf 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the risk of occupational AFO by 26%. Exposure to dusts (adjusted PR=1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), biological dusts (1.05; 1.01 to 1.10) and VGDF (1.04; 1.01 to 1.07) showed a significantly increased risk of AFO, however, statistically not significant following multiple testing. There was no significant increase in risk of AFO by duration (years) of exposure in current job. The results were null when restricted to never-smokers and when a bi-pollutant model was used. However, when data was analysed based on the level of exposure (low, medium and high) compared with no exposure, directionally there was increase in risk for those with high exposure to vapours, gases, fumes, mists and VGDF but statistically significant only for vapours.ConclusionHigh exposure (in current job) to airborne occupational pollutants was suggestive of higher risk of AFO. Future studies should investigate the relationship between lifetime occupational exposures and COPD.
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Zhu B, Luo W, Li B, Chen B, Yang Q, Xu Y, Wu X, Chen H, Zhang K. The development and evaluation of a computerized diagnosis scheme for pneumoconiosis on digital chest radiographs. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:141. [PMID: 25277489 PMCID: PMC4271323 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To diagnose pneumoconiosis using a computer-aided diagnosis system based on digital chest radiographs. Methods Lung fields were first extracted by combining the traditional Otsu-threshold method with a morphological reconstruction on digital radiographs (DRs), and then subdivided into six non-overlapping regions (region (a-f)). Twenty-two wavelet-based energy texture features were calculated exclusively from each region and selected using a decision tree algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM) with a linear kernel was trained using samples with texture features to classify an individual region of a healthy subject or a pneumoconiosis patient. The final classification results were obtained by integrating these individual classifiers with the weighted voting method. All models were developed on a dataset of 85 healthy controls and 40 stage I or II pneumoconiosis patients and validated by using the bootstrap resampling with replacement method. Results The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of regions (c) and (f) were 0.688 and 0.563, which were worse than those of the other four regions. Region (c) and (f) were both excluded from the individual classifiers that were going to be assembled further. When built on the selected texture features, each individual SVM showed a higher diagnostic performance for the training set and the test set. The classification performance after an ensemble was 0.997 and 0.961 of the AUC value for the training and test sets, respectively. The final results were 0.974 ± 0.018 for AUC value and 0.929 ± 0.018 for accuracy. Conclusion The integrated SVM model built on the selected feature set showed the highest diagnostic performance among all individual SVM models. The model has good potential in diagnosing pneumoconiosis based on digital chest radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Graber JM, Stayner LT, Cohen RA, Conroy LM, Attfield MD. Respiratory disease mortality among US coal miners; results after 37 years of follow-up. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:30-9. [PMID: 24186945 PMCID: PMC4522914 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate respiratory related mortality among underground coal miners after 37 years of follow-up. METHODS Underlying cause of death for 9033 underground coal miners from 31 US mines enrolled between 1969 and 1971 was evaluated with life table analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate the exposure-response relationships between cumulative exposure to coal mine dust and respirable silica and mortality from pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. RESULTS Excess mortality was observed for pneumoconiosis (SMR=79.70, 95% CI 72.1 to 87.67), COPD (SMR=1.11, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.24) and lung cancer (SMR=1.08; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18). Coal mine dust exposure increased risk for mortality from pneumoconiosis and COPD. Mortality from COPD was significantly elevated among never [corrected] smokers and former smokers (HR=1.84, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.22; HRK=1.52, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.34, respectively) but not current smokers (HR=0.99, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.28). Respirable silica was positively associated with mortality from pneumoconiosis (HR=1.33, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.33) and COPD (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.52) in models controlling for coal mine dust. We saw a significant relationship between coal mine dust exposure and lung cancer mortality (HR=1.70; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.83) but not with respirable silica (HR=1.05; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.23). In the most recent follow-up period (2000-2007) both exposures were positively associated with lung cancer mortality, coal mine dust significantly so. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous studies showing that exposure to coal mine dust and respirable silica leads to increased mortality from malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases even in the absence of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Graber
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology and Statistics, Environmental Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey, USA
| | - Leslie T Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Cohen
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lorraine M Conroy
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael D Attfield
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Sporn TA, Roggli VL. Consideration of Occupational Lung Disease and Pneumoconiosis in Forensic Pathology. Acad Forensic Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.23907/2013.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reports of workers stricken with lung disease sustained during the course of their employment date to antiquity. Despite stringent regulations to mitigate all manners of work place hazards, and the emergence of agencies and physicians engaged in the advancement of occupational health, occupational lung disease remains a significant problem within modern society. Inhalation of dusts and fumes sustained in the course of one's occupation may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and lead to a huge cost to society in terms of lost productivity, medical care for the worker, and litigation. In certain circumstances, the identification of an underlying occupational lung disease may constitute a significant finding in medicolegal death investigation. This article will present an overview of common occupational diseases likely to be encountered in the practice of forensic pathology, based on the particular etiologic agent and occupational means of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor L. Roggli
- Duke University Medical Center, and current president of the Society for Ultrastructural Pathology
- Duke University MC - Pathology, Durham, NC (TS)
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Zhang H, Yin G, Jiang H, Zhang C. High-dose N-acetylcysteine decreases silica-induced lung fibrosis in the rat. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1179-86. [PMID: 23771710 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513488503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the potential of high-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to attenuate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat. Methods Rats exposed to intratracheal instillation of silica particles were treated with 500 mg/kg NAC orally every day for 7 days, before and up to 28 days after silica administration ( n = 32), or received no treatment following silica exposure ( n = 32); a third group received intratracheal saline ( n = 32). Fibrosis score, and hydroxyproline (HYP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were assessed in lung tissue. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Histopathology revealed inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue from rats exposed to silica, but not in saline controls. The fibrosis score was significantly lower in animals treated with NAC compared with silica-exposed untreated rats. HYP and MDA content were significantly lower at all timepoints, following NAC treatment versus no treatment, in silica-exposed rats. NAC attenuated silica-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-8 and hsCRP in BALF and serum. Conclusions Oral treatment with high-dose NAC during early silica exposure can ameliorate the activity of proinflammatory cytokines, thus attenuating subsequent lung fibrosis. These results suggest that NAC has potential as a treatment for silica-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Enfield KB, Floyd S, Barker B, Weder M, Kozower BD, Jones DR, Lau CL. Survival after lung transplant for coal workers' pneumoconiosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31:1315-8. [PMID: 23063324 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Laney AS, Petsonk EL. Small pneumoconiotic opacities on U.S. coal worker surveillance chest radiographs are not predominantly in the upper lung zones. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:793-8. [PMID: 22517570 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographic shadows of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are commonly described as predominantly in the upper lung zones. METHODS We evaluated the lung distribution of small opacities on surveillance chest radiographs (CXRs) taken between 1981 and 2010 among 2,467 underground US coal miners. All had evidence of pneumoconiosis (category ≥1/0), based on the contemporary International Labour Office Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. RESULTS Small opacity involvement was approximately equal over all lung zones, with 30.7% of the total involvement reported in the upper zones, 37.1% in the middle zones, and 32.1% in the lower zones. Primarily rounded opacities were seen in 62.1% of miners and primarily irregular opacities were seen in 37.9%. Miners with primarily rounded opacities had a distribution with moderate upper zone predominance (upper = 36.8%, middle = 36.5%, and lower = 27.2%). In contrast, miners with primarily irregular opacities showed a lower zone preponderance (upper = 20.5%, middle = 38.4%, and lower = 41.1%). CONCLUSION The distribution of small pneumoconiotic opacities on surveillance CXRs of working US coal miners is not consistent with the conventional expectations of upper lung zone predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Laney
- Surveillance Branch, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Freitas TP, Heuser VD, Tavares P, Leffa DD, da Silva GA, Citadini-Zanette V, Romão PR, Pinho RA, Streck EL, Andrade VM. Genotoxic Evaluation of Mikania laevigata Extract on DNA Damage Caused by Acute Coal Dust Exposure. J Med Food 2009; 12:654-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P. Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanina D. Heuser
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priscila Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela D. Leffa
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanilde Citadini-Zanette
- Herbário Pe. Dr. Raulino Reitz, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pedro R.T. Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emilio L. Streck
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M. Andrade
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Cohn CA, Laffers R, Simon SR, O'Riordan T, Schoonen MAA. Role of pyrite in formation of hydroxyl radicals in coal: possible implications for human health. Part Fibre Toxicol 2006; 3:16. [PMID: 17177987 PMCID: PMC1764420 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harmful effects from inhalation of coal dust are well-documented. The prevalence of lung disease varies by mining region and may, in part, be related to regional differences in the bioavailable iron content of the coal. Pyrite (FeS2), a common inorganic component in coal, has been shown to spontaneously form reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals) and degrade nucleic acids. This raises the question regarding the potential for similar reactivity from coal that contains pyrite. Experiments were performed to specifically evaluate the role of pyrite in coal dust reactivity. Coal samples containing various amounts of FeS2 were compared for differences in their generation of ROS and degradation of RNA. RESULTS Coals that contain iron also show the presence of FeS2, generate ROS and degrade RNA. Coal samples that do not contain pyrite do not produce ROS nor degrade RNA. The concentration of generated ROS and degradation rate of RNA both increase with greater FeS2 content in the coals. CONCLUSION The prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis can be correlated to the amount of FeS2 in the coals. Considering the harmful effects of generation of ROS by inhaled particles, the results presented here show a possible mechanism whereby coal samples may contribute to CWP. This suggests that the toxicity of coal may be explained, in part, by the presence of FeS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Cohn
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Lerso Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Laffers
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Sanford R Simon
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Thomas O'Riordan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Martin AA Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
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Cohn CA, Laffers R, Schoonen MAA. Using yeast RNA as a probe for generation of hydroxyl radicals by earth materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:2838-43. [PMID: 16683632 DOI: 10.1021/es052301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of certain types of particulate matter can lead to lung disease. The reactivity of these particles and, in part, the pathologic responses that result are dictated by their physicochemical properties. The ability of particles to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals in vivo, is one property that has been correlated to the development of lung disease. Several minerals, such as quartz and asbestos, are known to generate hydroxyl radicals and cause lung disease, but many other minerals have never been tested. Here, we describe a technique employing yeast RNA as a probe to screen for mineral-generated hydroxyl radicals. The stability of RNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, ferrous iron, hydroxyl radicals, and several common minerals (quartz, albite, forsterite, fayalite, hematite, magnetite, coal, and pyrite) was examined. 3'-(p-Aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) was used to verify mineral generation of ROS. RNA is stable in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, quartz, and albite; while it degrades in the presence of ferrous iron, hydroxyl radicals, and the other minerals. Coal and pyrite are the most reactive both in RNA degradation and hydroxyl radical generation. This noncellular technique provides a straightforward way to compare many different particles simultaneously. Those particles showing reactivity toward RNA using this method are high-priority candidates for further in vitro and possibly in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Cohn
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA.
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Chang LC, Tseng JC, Hua CC, Liu YC, Shieh WB, Wu HP. Gene polymorphisms of fibrinolytic enzymes in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2006; 61:61-6. [PMID: 17649957 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.61.2.61-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors assessed the gene polymorphisms of missense C/T polymorphism in exon 6 of the urokinase-plasminogen activator (PLAU) gene (PLAU P141L), Alu-repeat in intron 8 of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) gene (PLAT TPA25 Alu insertion), and 4G/5G in the promoter region of the serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E (SERPINE) or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene (SERPINE1 -675 4G/5G) in 153 healthy volunteers and 154 retired coal miners with coal miners' pneumoconiosis (CWP). The CWP subjects included 94 individuals with simple pneumoconiosis and 60 individuals with progressive massive fibrosis presenting with worse pulmonary function. The distributions of genotypes of these three genes did not differ between the control and CWP subjects or between subjects with simple pneumoconiosis and those with progressive massive fibrosis. However, by assessing duration of work and its interaction with genotypes by means of logistic regression, the authors found the missense C/T polymorphism in exon 6 of the PLAU gene to be an effect modifier of the association between work duration and the development of progressive massive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Nawrot T, Plusquin M, Hogervorst J, Roels HA, Celis H, Thijs L, Vangronsveld J, Van Hecke E, Staessen JA. Environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of cancer: a prospective population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7:119-26. [PMID: 16455475 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which accumulates in the human body such that 24-h urinary excretion is a biomarker of lifetime exposure. We aimed to assess the association between environmental exposure to cadmium and cancer. METHODS We recruited a random population sample (n=994) from an area close to three zinc smelters and a reference population from an area with low exposure to cadmium. At baseline (1985-89), we measured cadmium in urine samples obtained over 24 h and in the soil of participants' gardens, and followed the incidence of cancer until June 30, 2004. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios for cancer in relation to internal (ie, urinary) and external (ie, soil) exposure to cadmium, while adjusting for covariables. FINDINGS Cadmium concentration in soil ranged from 0.8 mg/kg to 17.0 mg/kg. At baseline, geometric mean urinary cadmium excretion was 12.3 nmol/day for people in the high-exposure area, compared with 7.7 nmol/day for those in the reference (ie, low-exposure) area (p<0.0001). During follow-up (median 17.2 years [range 0.6-18.8]), 50 fatal cancers and 20 non-fatal cancers occurred, of which 18 and one, respectively, were lung cancers. Overall cancer risk was significantly associated with a doubling of 24-h cadmium excretion (hazard ratio 1.31 [95% CI 1.03-1.65], p=0.026. Population-attributable risk of lung cancer was 67% (95% CI 33-101) in the high-exposure area, compared with that of 73% (38-108) for smoking. For lung cancer, adjusted hazard ratio was 1.70 (1.13-2.57, p=0.011) for a doubling of 24-h urinary cadmium excretion, 4.17 (1.21-14.4, p=0.024) for residence in the high-exposure area versus the low-exposure area, and 1.57 (1.11-2.24, p=0.012) for a doubling of cadmium concentration in soil. INTERPRETATION Historical pollution from non-ferrous smelters continues to present a serious health hazard, necessitating targeted preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nawrot
- Study Coordinating Centre, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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