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Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Historical Reflection of Food Processing and the Role of Legumes as Part of a Healthy Balanced Diet. Foods 2020; 9:E1056. [PMID: 32759873 PMCID: PMC7466326 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of food processing has changed over time. High-intensity industrially processed food often exhibits higher concentrations of added sugar, salt, higher energy, and lower micronutrient density than does similar food or meals prepared at home from raw or minimally processed food. Viewing the evolution of food processing from history, one could make out three major transitions related to human socioeconomic changes. The first transition was marked by the change from hunting and gathering to settled societies with agriculture and livestock farming. The second and third transitions were associated with the Industrial Revolution and with market liberalization, global trade and automation, respectively. The next major transition that will influence food processing and shape human nutrition may include the exploitation of sustainable and efficient protein and food sources that will ensure high-quality food production for the growing world population. Apart from novel food sources, traditional food such as legumes and pulses likewise exhibit great potential to contribute to a healthy balanced diet. The promotion of legumes should be intensified in public dietary guidelines because their consumption is rather low in high-income countries and increasingly displaced as a traditional staple by industrially processed food in low- to middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
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Protective Effects of Different Kinds of Filtered Water on Hypertensive Mouse by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2917387. [PMID: 30622665 PMCID: PMC6304849 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2917387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in hypertensive animals and patients. Hydrogen plays a role of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Calcium and magnesium play an important role in reducing hypertension and antioxidant. Filtered water contains abundant hydrogen and a large number of other essential elements of the human body. We investigated the protective effects of filtered water on hypertensive mice. To establish hypertension model, ICR mice were administered with N′-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hydrochloride 64 mg/kg per day for 1 month. The hypertensive mice were, respectively, administered with pure water, tap water, and filtered water for 2 months. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymatic activity, endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were assessed. Expressions of phosphorylated NF-κB P65 in the kidney were analyzed by western blot. qRT-PCR analysis was adopted to determine the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB P65. The results demonstrated that filtered water can reduce the blood pressure. Filtered water treatment restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes, downregulated ET-1, and Ang II in the serum of mice. Filtered water treatment suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB P65. Consumption of filtered water inhibited the expression of NF-κB P65. This suggests that filtered water can reduce the blood pressure. The protection mechanisms include downregulating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation, which is partly due to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Kaspchak E, Igarashi-Mafra L, Mafra MR. Influence of Ternary Complexation between Bovine Serum Albumin, Sodium Phytate, and Divalent Salts on Turbidity and In Vitro Digestibility of Protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10543-10551. [PMID: 30227705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytate decreases mineral and protein availability and influences protein properties, such as solubility and stability. The binding constants and turbidity data can help with the understanding of the influence of phytate and divalent salts on protein behavior. Ternary complexes formed between bovine serum albumin, sodium phytate, and divalent salts were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry, turbidity, and in vitro protein digestibility. Results showed a positive entropy change and a negative and small enthalpy change as a result of electrostatic binding forces and ternary and binary complex precipitation. The interaction was favored for the systems containing calcium and manganese, whereas those containing magnesium showed a low heat of interaction. Despite the high protein digestibility, the stability of divalent phytates in a wide pH range may decrease mineral bioavailability. These results can provide important insights for the study of mineral bioavailability and diverse processes that involve protein and minerals in several areas of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Kaspchak
- Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Paraná , Francisco H. dos Santos Street , 81531-980 Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Luciana Igarashi-Mafra
- Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Paraná , Francisco H. dos Santos Street , 81531-980 Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Marcos R Mafra
- Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Paraná , Francisco H. dos Santos Street , 81531-980 Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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Grases F, Costa-Bauzá A, Berga F, Rodríguez A, Gomila RM, Martorell G, Martínez-Cignoni MR. Evaluation of inositol phosphates in urine after topical administration of myo-inositol hexaphosphate to female Wistar rats. Life Sci 2017; 192:33-37. [PMID: 29155299 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies demonstrated a remarkable increase of urinary InsP6 by topical administration. However, the methodology used for InsP6 analysis was not specific. The aim of this paper is to measure urinary inositol phosphates InsPs using more advanced methodologies and to compare the results with those obtained by the non-specific method. MATERIALS AND METHODS We fed 12 female rats with a diet without InsP6 for 16days. Then, we administered a topical InsP6 gel at high doses for 7days (50mgInsP6/day) or at low doses for 28days (20mgInsP6/day). We measured urine levels InsPs using a nonspecific method (based on the ability of InsPs to complex Al3+) and levels of InsP6 by a specific method (using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Identification of different InsPs was performed by MS. KEY FINDINGS At baseline, after dietary deprivation of InsP6, rats only excreted InsP2 in their urine, and there was no detectable InsP6 or other InsPs. Rats given the high dose treatment for 7days had abundant urinary InsP6, but also had other InsPs in their urine; cessation of InsP6 administration led to decreased levels of urinary InsPs. Rats given the low dose treatment for 28days had increasing levels of urinary InsPs over time. The maximum urinary InsP6 was at 21days, after which InsPs excretion decreased. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that the skin can absorb InsP6 from a topical gel, and that InsP6 is excreted in the urine, along with other InsPs (InsP5, InsP4, InsP3, and InsP2).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Costa-Bauzá
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Berga
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R M Gomila
- Serveis Cientificotècnics, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - G Martorell
- Serveis Cientificotècnics, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Cignoni
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Dept. Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Onomi S, Okazaki Y, Katayama T. Effect of Dietary Level of Phytic Acid on Hepatic and Serum Lipid Status in Rats Fed a High-sucrose Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:1379-81. [PMID: 15215609 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary 0.02-10% sodium phytate on the hepatic and serum lipid status of rats fed a high-sucrose diet for 14 d was investigated. Hepatic levels of triglyceride and cholesterol and lipogenic enzymes activity were reduced with increasing dietary phytate level. The addition of 10% sodium phytate drastically depressed growth, food intake, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Onomi
- Department of Human Life Sciences Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: Food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S330-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bioaccessibility of Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu from whole grain tea-biscuits: Impact of proteins, phytic acid and polyphenols. Food Chem 2008; 110:62-8. [PMID: 26050166 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Levels of some essential minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu and Mn) were determined in ten different types of experimentally prepared hard biscuits. In relation to the wheat flour-based reference sample, other investigated samples were enriched with different ratios of integral raw materials of different origin or various dietary fibers in view of improving their functionality and nutritive quality. The goal of the research was to evaluate enriched biscuits as additional sources of calcium, magnesium, copper and manganese in nutrition and to investigate if the modifications of wheat flour based biscuit composition significantly change the amounts of total and bioaccessible minerals in the final product. Since our results indicated significant changes of mineral bioaccessibility among the samples, obtained results were correlated to the content of proteins, phytic acid and polyphenols for the sake of assessing their impact as limiting factors of mineral bioaccessibility in these types of foods.
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Effect of phytic acid degradation by soaking and exogenous phytase on the bioavailability of magnesium and zinc from Pisum sativum, L. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martin H, Abadie C, Heyd B, Mantion G, Richert L, Berthelot A. N-Acetylcysteine Partially Reverses Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Exacerbated by Mg-Deficiency Culturing Conditions in Primary Cultures of Rat and Human Hepatocytes. J Am Coll Nutr 2006; 25:363-9. [PMID: 17031004 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the rate of oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary cultures of human hepatocytes were compared to cultured rat hepatocytes. The possible reversion by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Mg-deficient culturing conditions was evaluated. METHODS Incubations were conducted for up to 72 h in media containing a deficient (0-0.4 mM) or a physiological (0.8 mM) Mg concentration, and in the presence or absence of NAC after 24 h of culture in these Mg concentration conditions. RESULTS We obtained similar profiles in terms of apoptosis and oxidative stress in primary cultures of human hepatocytes, as compared to rat hepatocytes, i.e. a Mg concentration-dependent effect on the caspase-3 activity and GSH levels after 72 h of culture, caspase-3 activity being highest and GSH levels being lowest in Mg-free cultures. The addition of NAC to culture media after the first 24 h of culture increased GSH concentrations. This was accompanied in Mg-deficient cultures by a decrease in both the caspase-3 activity and the lipid peroxidation. However, when culturing hepatocytes with physiological Mg concentrations, an increase in both caspase-3 activity and lipid peroxidation was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Mg deficiency exacerbates the rate of apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes, associated with an increase in oxidative stress, the sensitivity of human hepatocytes being equivalent to that of rat hepatocytes. They also indicate a dual role of NAC and/or GSH, i.e. protective for hepatocytes placed in a Mg-deficient environment, while deleterious for hepatocytes placed in a Mg-physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, EA 3921, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Place Saint-Jacques, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Yuangklang C, Wensing T, Lemmens AG, Jittakhot S, Beynen AC. Effect of sodium phytate supplementation on fat digestion and cholesterol metabolism in female rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2005; 89:373-8. [PMID: 16401188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sodium phytate supplementation on fat digestion and cholesterol metabolism were investigated in female rats. On the basis of an in vitro experiment showing that phytate raised the solubility of bile acids, it was predicted that phytate feeding would depress faecal bile acid excretion, raise apparent fat digestibility and elevate serum cholesterol concentrations. The experimental diets with or without sodium phytate were either cholesterol-free or cholesterol-rich and had a normal calcium concentration. Rats fed on the cholesterol-rich diet with sodium phytate showed enhanced faecal bile acid excretion, but there was no effect on fat digestibility. In rats fed the cholesterol-free diets, phytate did neither affect fat digestion nor bile acid excretion. Sodium phytate inclusion in the cholesterol-rich diet raised serum cholesterol concentrations, but reduced liver cholesterol concentration. Thus, the in vivo data do not agree with the in vitro observations. Both phytate and cholesterol feeding influenced mineral and trace element metabolism. Liver zinc concentrations were raised by phytate feeding. Cholesterol consumption reduced hepatic concentrations of copper, iron and zinc. Both phytate and cholesterol feeding reduced the apparent absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuangklang
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Koebnick C, Leitzmann R, García AL, Heins UA, Heuer T, Golf S, Katz N, Hoffmann I, Leitzmann C. Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59:219-25. [PMID: 15454974 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare dietary magnesium intake and magnesium concentrations in serum, red blood cells (RBC) and urine during pregnancy of women habitually following a long-term plant-based diet and of women following an average Western (control) diet. DESIGN Prospective study during pregnancy. SETTING Giessen, Germany. SUBJECTS Healthy pregnant women (n=108) in their 9-12th, 20-22nd and 36-38th gestational week habitually following a plant-based diet for more than 3 y or an average Western diet. The vegetarians were subdivided into ovo-lacto vegetarians (n=27) and low-meat eaters (n=43). RESULTS Significant higher dietary magnesium intakes were observed in pregnant women consuming a plant-based diet (508+/-14 mg/day for ovo-lacto vegetarians, P<0.001 and 504+/-11 mg/day for low-meat eaters, P<0.001) than in pregnant women consuming a control diet (412+/-9 mg/day). Serum magnesium concentrations were similar in all diet groups whereas RBC magnesium was slightly higher in low-meat eaters than in controls (P=0.058). Urinary magnesium excretion was higher in ovo-lacto vegetarians (P=0.023), followed by low-meat eaters (P=0.017) when compared to the control group. During the third trimester of pregnancy, the frequency and the occurrence of calf cramps was lower in the plant-based diet group than in the control group (P=0.004 and 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Owing to a higher dietary magnesium intake confirmed by higher urinary magnesium excretion, habitual plant-based diets result in a slightly improved magnesium status during pregnancy and reduce the frequency of calf cramps during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to an average Western diet. Therefore, plant-based diets during pregnancy can be recommended with regard to magnesium supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koebnick
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
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Martin H, Richert L, Berthelot A. Magnesium deficiency induces apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J Nutr 2003; 133:2505-11. [PMID: 12888628 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.8.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of extracellular magnesium (Mg) concentration on the rate of apoptosis in rat hepatocytes in primary culture were examined. After overnight attachment, incubations were conducted for up to 72 h in serum-free media containing low (0-0.4 mmol/L), physiological (0.8 mmol/L) or high (2 and 5.6 mmol/L) Mg concentrations. At 72 h, we observed numerous rounded hepatocytes on top of a shrunken cell monolayer at extracellular Mg concentrations < 0.8 mmol/L. These morphological features were associated with Mg-dependent differences in the total protein levels. The various Mg concentrations did not affect DNA synthesis; however, at a concentration < 0.8 mmol/L, the susceptibility of cultured rat hepatocytes to oxidative stress was increased as shown by the reduced glutathione concentration (10.6 +/- 2.8 vs. 37.3 +/- 4.1 nmol/mg protein with 0 and 0.8 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) and increased lipid peroxidation (0.36 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.01 nmol malondialdehyde/mg protein with 0 and 0.8 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst dye staining revealed numerous apoptotic figures in Mg-free monolayers compared with 0.8 and 5.6 mmol/L Mg conditions. These observations were confirmed quantitatively by flow-cytometric analysis after propidium iodide staining. The proportion of subdiploid cells decreased with increasing Mg concentration; for example, it was greater at 72 h in Mg-free cultures (76%) than in cultures containing 0.8 mmol/L or 5.6 mmol/L Mg (28%; P < 0.05). Caspase-3 was highly activated in Mg-free cultures after 48 h of treatment compared with 0.8 and 5.6 mmol/L conditions (P < 0.05). Overall, these results show that extracellular Mg deficiency has a negative effect on the survival of cultured rat hepatocytes by inducing apoptosis; however, supplementation of extracellular Mg did not reduce the spontaneous apoptosis that occurred over time in rat hepatocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Besançon, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Q Phillippy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
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Marie Minihane A, Rimbach G. Iron absorption and the iron binding and anti-oxidant properties of phytic acid. Int J Food Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Planes P, Rouanet JM, Laurent C, Baccou JC, Besançon P, Caporiccio B. Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium-fortified spirulina in cultured human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rimbach G, Höhler D, Fischer A, Roy S, Virgili F, Pallauf J, Packer L. Methods to assess free radicals and oxidative stress in biological systems. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 1999; 52:203-22. [PMID: 10553486 DOI: 10.1080/17450399909386163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a disruption of the prooxidant/antioxidant cellular balance and monitoring free radical status becomes an interesting challenge in animal and human nutrition. In the present work, merits and limitations of different analytical techniques (HPLC, GC-MS, fluorometric and colourometric assays, ELISA, gel electrophoresis) for the measurement of radical mediated alterations in the cellular integrity of lipids (malondialdehyde, hydrocarbon gases, F2-isoprostanes) proteins (protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) are discussed. Besides these indirect methods, owing to the fact that free radicals are paramagnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with spin trapping has become a valuable tool to directly assess and to better understand the mechanisms of free radical reactions. With this approach a radical that is too short-lived to be detected, adds to a spin-trapping agent to form a relatively long-lived radical adduct. Information obtained from the hyperfine splitting of the spin-trapped adduct can provide identification and quantification of the originally generated free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rimbach
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720-3200, USA.
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