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Wang B, Zhang Z, Liu W, Tan B. Targeting regulatory T cells in gastric cancer: Pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114180. [PMID: 36586241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment and obtained durable clinical responses, only a fraction of GC patients benefit from it. As an important component of T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of GC, keep a core balance between immune suppression and autoimmunity, and function as predictive biomarkers for prognosis of GC patients. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of GC, and targeting Tregs via influencing their transcription factor, migration, co-stimulatory receptors, immune checkpoints, and cytokines. We also focus on the currently important findings of Tregs metabolism including amino acid, fatty acid, and lactic acid metabolism of GC. The emerging role of microbiome and clinical combined therapy in modulating Tregs in GC treatment is also summarized. Meanwhile, this review recapitulates a novel regulator, magnesium, is involved in mediating Tregs in GC. These research advances on Treg-related strategies provide new insights and challenges for GC progression, treatment, and prognosis. And we hope our review can stimulate further discovery and implication of mediators and pathways targeting Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaibo Zhang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China.
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The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)-Derived Compounds in Intestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084121. [PMID: 35456938 PMCID: PMC9025446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological data have shown that IBD patients are at an increased risk for the development of CRC. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. Therefore, the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of intestinal diseases is urgently needed. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been largely used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Licorice and its derived compounds possess antiallergic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. These pharmacological properties aid in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds derived from Licorice and addresses their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We also discuss how the mechanisms of action in these compounds can influence their effectiveness and lead to therapeutic effects on intestinal disorders.
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Li L, Kumar AK, Hu Z, Guo Z. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Key Proteins in the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:963-985. [PMID: 32091326 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200224102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a complicated interactional pathway. Defects that occur in subordinate pathways of the DDR pathway can lead to genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. Abnormal expression of some proteins in DDR, especially in the DNA repair pathway, are associated with the subsistence and resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the chief proteins in the DDR pathway is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting chief proteins in the DDR pathway, particularly focusing on their implications for cancer therapy. We present the action mode of DDR molecule inhibitors in preclinical studies and clinical cancer therapy, including monotherapy and combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or checkpoint suppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Shewale SP, Jadhav SV, Rathod VK. Hydrodynamic optimisation to control membrane fouling in glycyrrhizic acid (GA) recovery from the licorice root extract. Chem Ind 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2019.1689184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Shewale
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- School of Chemical Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - S. V. Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - V. K. Rathod
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Bonafé GA, Dos Santos JS, Ziegler JV, Umezawa K, Ribeiro ML, Rocha T, Ortega MM. Growth Inhibitory Effects of Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate in Glioblastoma Cell Lines by Targeting MicroRNAs Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:216. [PMID: 31191251 PMCID: PMC6546822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is constitutively activated in glioblastoma (GBM), suggesting that the pathway could be a therapeutic target. Glycyrrhetic acid (GA), a compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has been shown to decrease cell viability and increases apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by NF-κB signaling pathway suppression. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, has anti-inflammatory properties without toxicity. The current study examined the effectiveness of DPG as an anti-tumor in U87MG and T98G GBM cell lines. Additionally, we assessed DPG as a candidate for combinational therapy in GBM with temozolomide (TMZ). Our results demonstrated that the viability of U87MG and T98G cells significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG treatment, and the apoptotic ratio of DPG-treated groups was significantly higher than that of control groups. In addition, DPG in combination with TMZ revealed synergistic effects. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB-luciferase-reporter in transfected GBM cell lines was remarkably reduced after DPG exposure by up-regulating miR16 and miR146a, which down-regulate its target genes, IRAK2 and TRAF6. A reduced neuro-sphere formation was also observed after DPG in both GBM cells. In conclusion, DPG presented anti-tumoral effect on GBM cell lines through a decrease on proliferation and an increase on apoptosis. In addition, our data also suggest that DPG anti-tumoral effect is related to NF-κB suppression, where IRAK2- and TRAF6-mediating miR16 and miR146a, respectively, might be a potential therapeutic target of DPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Jussara Vaz Ziegler
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Qin HY, Kou JX, Rao Z, Zhang GQ, Wang XH, Bai LP, Wei YH. N-Acetyltransferase Activity Assay and Inhibitory Compounds Screening by Using Living Human Hepatoma HepaRG Cell Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.229.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Terpenoids as anti-colon cancer agents - A comprehensive review on its mechanistic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:169-178. [PMID: 27940056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multistep model of colon carcinogenesis has provided the framework to advance our understanding of the molecular basis of colon cancer. This multistage process of carcinogenesis takes a long period to transform from a normal epithelial cell to invasive carcinoma. Thus, it provides enough time to intervene the process of carcinogenesis especially through dietary modification. In spite of the in-depth understanding of the colon cancer etiology and pathophysiology and its association with diet, colon cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Phytochemicals and their derivatives are gaining attention in cancer prevention and treatment strategies because of cancer chemotherapy associated adverse effects. Being the largest group of phytochemicals traditionally used for medicinal purpose in India and China, terpenoids are recently being explored as anticancer agents. Anticancer properties of terpenoids are associated with various mechanisms like counteraction of oxidative stress, potentiating endogenous antioxidants, improving detoxification potential, disrupting cell survival pathways and inducing apoptosis. This review gives a comprehensive idea of naturally occurring terpenoids as useful agents for the prevention of colon cancer with reference to their classes, sources and molecular targets. Based on the explored molecular targets further research in colon cancer chemoprevention is warranted.
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Tang W, Du W, Guo P, Wu N, Du K, Xu C, Luo Z, Chang R, Zeng A, Jing W, Chang C, Li J, Fu Q. Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction using Bismethacryloyl-β-cyclodextrin and Methacrylic Acid as Double Functional Monomers for Selective Analysis of Glycyrrhizic Acid in Aqueous Media. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:166-173. [PMID: 28087760 PMCID: PMC7109652 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction protocol was developed for the selective extraction and purification of glycyrrhizic acid from liquorice roots in aqueous media. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for glycyrrhizic acid were prepared by using bismethacryloyl-β-cyclodextrin and methacrylic acid as double functional monomers and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, thermo gravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption and elemental analysis. In aqueous media, the adsorption properties of MIPs including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and selectivity adsorption were investigated. The characterization of imprinted polymers indicated that the prepared MIPs had good stability and many cavity structures. The results of adsorption experiments illustrated the MIPs had high adsorption capacity of glycyrrhizic acid (69.3 mg g−1) with the imprinting factor 3.77, and it took ~5 min to get adsorption equilibrium. The MIPs could be used as an solid phase extraction sorbent absorbent for enrichment and purification of glycyrrhizic acid from the crude extraction of licorice roots, and the results showed promising practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pengqi Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ningli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, P.R. China
| | - Kangli Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Changgen Xu
- Lab of Chemical, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimiao Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wanghui Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Lab of Chemical, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), belonging to a class of triterpenes, is a conjugate of two molecules, namely glucuronic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. It is naturally extracted from the roots of licorice plants. With its more common uses in the confectionery and cosmetics industry, GA extends its applications as a herbal medicine for a wide range of ailments. At low appropriate doses, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and anti-viral properties have been reported by researchers worldwide. This review summarizes the effects of GA on metabolic syndrome, tumorigenesis, microbes and viruses, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the reported side effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jia Ming
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen KC, Wong YH, Yang SC, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Fisher M, Lee CL, Fang WC, Chen CYC. Drug discovery for DNA break repair system by screening from TCM database and molecular dynamics approach. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.548388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- a Department of Chinese Pediatrics , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- b Department of Acupuncture , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Kuan-Chung Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yung-Hao Wong
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Shun-Chieh Yang
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- d Department of Bioinformatics , Asia University , Taichung, 41354, Taiwan ROC
- e Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Medical Research , College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
| | - Mark Fisher
- f Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Lin Lee
- g Department of Business Administration , National Taipei University , Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Fang
- g Department of Business Administration , National Taipei University , Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- c Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology , School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, 40402, Taiwan ROC
- d Department of Bioinformatics , Asia University , Taichung, 41354, Taiwan ROC
- f Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- h Computational and Systems Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Abstract
A new Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction (MISPE) protocol was developed for the selective extraction and purification of glycyrrhizic acid (GL) from liquorice roots. Non-covalent MIP were synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrilate (DMAEM) or 2-hydroxyethylmetacrylate (HEMA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. After the evaluation of the selectivity of the GL imprinted polymers, the performance of these materials as Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) sorbents was investigated. MIP having HEMA as functional monomer were found to be able to selectively extract almost 80% of GL content in liquorice roots. The proposed MISPE-HPLC procedure has good precision, thus it can be successfully used for the purification of GL from natural sources.
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12
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Liu Y, Xiang J, Liu M, Wang S, Lee RJ, Ding H. Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid by rectal treatment on a TNBS-induced rat colitis model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:439-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The research compared rectal and oral treatments with glycyrrhizic acid for trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.
Methods
Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: one normal and six with colitis, including TNBS, glycyrrhizic acid (2, 10 and 50 mg/kg, rectally treated and 10 mg/kg, orally treated) and sulfasalazine (positive control, 225 mg/kg rectally treated) groups. Colitis was induced by colonic administration of TNBS in 30% ethanol.
Key findings
There were significant pathological changes in colon in TNBS-treated groups, and rectal glycyrrhizic acid significantly attenuated colitis. Myeloperoxidase, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β of colon tissue or serum in the rectal glycyrrhizic acid groups were markedly reduced when compared with the TNBS group, and lower than in the orally treated glycyrrhizic acid group. It was further noted that, in vitro, glycyrrhizic acid (up to 100 µg/ml) inhibited interleukin-6 and elevated interleukin-10 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, and significantly inhibited proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, suggesting the immunoregulatory function of glycyrrhizic acid.
Conclusions
Rectally administered glycyrrhizic acid has significant protective effects against TNBS-induced colitis in rats, and the rectal route may be a complementary treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Effect and mechanism of penetration enhancement of organic base and alcohol on Glycyrrhetinic acid in vitro. Int J Pharm 2010; 399:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cirillo G, Parisi OI, Curcio M, Puoci F, Iemma F, Spizzirri UG, Picci N. Molecularly imprinted polymers as drug delivery systems for the sustained release of glycyrrhizic acid. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:577-82. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.05.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Nakao M, Muramoto Y, Hisadome M, Yamano N, Shoji M, Fukushima Y, Saruwatari J, Nakagawa K. The effect of Shoseiryuto, a traditional Japanese medicine, on cytochrome P450s, N-acetyltransferase 2 and xanthine oxidase, in extensive or intermediate metabolizers of CYP2D6. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63:345-53. [PMID: 17297618 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-006-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shoseiryuto (TJ-19) contains eight herbal components, including Ephedra sinica, and has been used for treating asthma and allergic rhinitis in Asian countries for several centuries. In this study, we investigated the potential herb-drug interaction of TJ-19 in healthy volunteers and attempted to ascertain whether or not the interaction might be affected by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype. METHODS We assessed the effect of TJ-19 on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A, xanthine oxidase (XO), and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) in 37 healthy subjects. The subject pool consisted of 19 extensive metabolizers (EMs) with CYP2D6*Wild/*Wild, and 18 intermediate metabolizers (IMs) with CYP2D6*10/*10. The baseline activities of five enzymes were ascertained by their respective urinary metabolic ratios from an 8-h urine sample, after an oral 150-mg and 30-mg dose of caffeine and dextromethorphan were administrated, respectively. Thereafter, the subjects received 4.5 g of TJ-19 twice daily for 7 days, and underwent the same phenotyping test on postdose day 7. RESULTS The activities of all enzymes examined did not differ before or after the 7-day administration of TJ-19. Consequently, the influence of the CYP2D6 genotype on the herb-drug interaction remained unsolved. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that TJ-19 at the generally recommended dosage is unlikely to cause pharmacokinetic interaction with co-administered medications primarily dependent on the CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A, XO, and NAT2 pathways for elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakao
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Oe-honmachi 5-1, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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Isbrucker RA, Burdock GA. Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 46:167-92. [PMID: 16884839 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Licorice (or 'liquorice') is a plant of ancient origin and steeped in history. Licorice extracts and its principle component, glycyrrhizin, have extensive use in foods, tobacco and in both traditional and herbal medicine. As a result, there is a high level of use of licorice and glycyrrhizin in the US with an estimated consumption of 0.027-3.6 mg glycyrrhizin/kg/day. Both products have been approved for use in foods by most national and supranational regulatory agencies. Biochemical studies indicate that glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for inactivating cortisol. As a result, the continuous, high level exposure to glycyrrhizin compounds can produce hypermineralocorticoid-like effects in both animals and humans. These effects are reversible upon withdrawal of licorice or glycyrrhizin. Other in vivo and clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of both licorice and glycyrrhizin consumption including anti-ulcer, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective responses. Various genotoxic studies have indicated that glycyrrhizin is neither teratogenic nor mutagenic, and may possess anti-genotoxic properties under certain conditions. The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin have been described and show that its bioavailability is reduced when consumed as licorice; this has hampered attempts to establish clear dose-effect levels in animals and humans. Based on the in vivo and clinical evidence, we propose an acceptable daily intake of 0.015-0.229 mg glycyrrhizin/kg body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Isbrucker
- Burdock Group, 888 17th Street, NW, Suite 810 Washington, DC 20006, USA
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Kukongviriyapan V, Phromsopha N, Tassaneeyakul W, Kukongviriyapan U, Sripa B, Hahnvajanawong V, Bhudhisawasdi V. Inhibitory effects of polyphenolic compounds on human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2. Xenobiotica 2006; 36:15-28. [PMID: 16507510 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500489901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT) are important enzymes involved in the metabolic activation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines and inhibitors of NAT enzymes may be valuable as chemopreventive agents. Phytochemicals including cinnamic acid derivatives, various classes of flavonoids and coumarins were tested for the inhibitory activity on NAT1 and NAT2 from human liver and the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line: KMBC cells. Assays were performed using p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfamethazine as selective substrates for NAT1 and NAT2, respectively. NAT1 and NAT2 activities were present in liver cytosol. However, the KMBC cells showed only NAT1 activity. There was a marked difference in the ability of the test chemicals to inhibit NAT1 and NAT2. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and EGCG inhibited NAT1 but not NAT2, whereas scopuletin and curcumin inhibited NAT2 but not NAT1. Quercetin, kaemferol and other flavonoids, except epicatechin and silymarin, inhibited both enzymes. The kinetics of inhibition of NAT1 by caffeic acid, EGCG and quercetin were of the non-competitive type, whereas that of NAT2 by quercetin, curcumin and kaemferol was also of the non-competitive type. The most potent inhibitor was quercetin, which has the inhibitory constants for NAT1 and NAT2 of 48.6 +/- 17.3 and 10.0 +/- 1.8 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke & Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Lin SY, Yang JH, Hsia TC, Lee JH, Chiu TH, Wei YH, Chung JG. Effect of inhibition of aloe-emodin on N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human malignant melanoma cells (A375.S2). Melanoma Res 2005; 15:489-94. [PMID: 16314733 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200512000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine carcinogens and drugs are N-acetylated by cytosolic N-acetyltransferase (NAT), which uses acetyl-coenzyme A as a cofactor. NAT plays an initial role in the metabolism of these arylamine compounds. 2-Aminofluorene is one of the arylamine carcinogens which have been demonstrated to undergo N-acetylation in laboratory animals and humans. Our previous study showed that human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, colo 205; liver cancer, Hep G2; bladder cancer, T24; leukemia, HL-60; prostate cancer, LNCaP; osteogenic sarcoma, U-2 OS; malignant melanoma, A375.S2) displayed NAT activity, which was affected by aloe-emodin in human leukemia cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aloe-emodin could affect the enzyme activity and gene expression of NAT at the mRNA and protein levels in malignant human melanoma A375.S2 cells. The results showed that aloe-emodin inhibited NAT1 activity (decreased N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene) in intact cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of aloe-emodin on NAT1 at the protein level was determined by Western blotting and the mRNA levels were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cDNA microarray. These results clearly indicate that aloe-emodin inhibits the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of NAT1 in A375.S2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuw-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Baltina LA, Kunert O, Fatykhov AA, Kondratenko RM, Spirikhin LV, Baltina LA, Galin FZ, Tolstikov GA, Haslinger E. High-Resolution 1H and 13C NMR of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Esters. Chem Nat Compd 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-005-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin SS, Chung JG, Lin JP, Chuang JY, Chang WC, Wu JY, Tyan YS. Berberine inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in mouse leukemia L 1210 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:351-8. [PMID: 15957369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are recognized to play a key role in the primary step of arylamine compounds metabolism. Polymorphic NAT is coded for rapid or slow acetylators, which are being thought to involve cancer risk related to environmental exposure. Berberine has been shown to induce apoptosis and affect NAT activity in human leukemia cells. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not berberine could affect arylamine NAT activity and gene expression (NAT mRNA) and the levels of NAT protein in mouse leukemia cells (L 1210). N-acetylated and non-N-acetylated AF were determined and quantited by using high performance liquid chromatography. NAT mRNA was determined and quantited by using RT-PCR. The levels of NAT protein were examined by western blotting and determined by using flow cytometry. Berberine displayed a dose-dependent inhibition to cytosolic NAT activity and intact mice leukemia cells. Time-course experiments indicated that N-acetylation of AF measured from intact mice leukemia cells were inhibited by berberine for up to 24 h. The NAT1 mRNA and NAT proteins in mouse leukemia cells were also inhibited by berberine. This report is the first demonstration, which showed berberine affect mice leukemia cells NAT activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and levels of NAT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lin
- Department of Radiological Technology, Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Chung JG, Li YC, Lee YM, Lin JP, Cheng KC, Chang WC. Aloe-emodin inhibited N-acetylation and DNA adduct of 2-aminofluorene and arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene expression in mouse leukemia L 1210 cells. Leuk Res 2003; 27:831-40. [PMID: 12804642 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(03)00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyltransferases (NATs) plays an important role in the first step of arylamine compounds metabolism. Polymorphic NAT is coded for rapid or slow acetylatoion phenotypes, which are recognized to affect cancer risk related to environmental exposure. Aloe-emodin has been shown to exit anticancer activity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not aloe-emodin could affect arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and gene expression (NAT mRNA) and DNA-2-aminofluorene (DNA-AF) adduct formation in mouse leukemia cells (L 1210). By using high performance liquid chromatography, N-acetylation and non-N-acetylation of AF were determined and quantitated. By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR, NAT mRNA was determined and quantitated. Aloe-emodin displayed a dose-dependent inhibition to cytosolic NAT activity and intact mice leukemia cells. Time-course experiments indicated that N-acetylation of AF measured from intact mice leukemia cells were inhibited by aloe-emodin for up to 24h. Using standard steady-state kinetic analysis, it was demonstrated that aloe-emodin was a possible uncompetitive inhibitor to NAT activity in cytosols. The DNA-AF adduct formation in mouse leukemia cells were inhibited by aloe-emodin. The NAT1 mRNA in mouse leukemia cells were also inhibited by aloe-emodin. This report is the first demonstration which showed aloe-emodin affect mice leukemia cells NAT activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and DNA-AF on adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical College, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 400, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yang CC, Chen GW, Lu HF, Wang DY, Chen YS, Chung JG. Paclitaxel (taxol) inhibits the arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression (mRNA NAT1) and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 and TSGH 8301). PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2003; 92:287-94. [PMID: 12787261 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylator polymorphism in man results from differential expression of human liver N-acetyltransferase. N-Acetyltransferase enzyme activity has been demonstrated to be involved in some types of chemical carcinogenesis. Paclitaxel (taxol) had been shown to affect N-acetyltransferase activity of human lung cancer cells. In this study, paclitaxel was chosen to investigate the effects of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity (N-acetylation of substrate), gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human bladder carcinoma cell lines (T24 and TSGH 8301). The N-acetyltransferase activity (N-acetylation of substrates) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for the amounts of acetylated 2-aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid and nonacetylated 2-aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid. Intact human bladder carcinoma T24 and TSGH 8301 cells were used for examining N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation. The results demonstrated that the N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in intact human bladder carcinoma cells were inhibited and decreased by paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of paclitaxel on the apparent values of Km and Vmax of N-acetyltransferase enzyme from intact human bladder carcinoma cells were also determined in these cell lines. A marked influence of paclitaxel was observed on the decreasing apparent values of Km and Vmax from intact human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 and TSGH 8301). Thus, paclitaxel is an uncompetitive inhibitor to the NAT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiang Yang
- Department of Urology, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road,Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin JG, Chen GW, Su CC, Hung CF, Yang CC, Lee JH, Chung JG. Effects of garlic components diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adducts in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2003; 30:315-25. [PMID: 12230020 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x02000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two components of garlic, diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), inhibited arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). The NAT activity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for amounts of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (2-AAF) and remaining 2-aminofluorene (2-AF). Cellular cytosols and intact cell suspensions were assayed. The inhibition of NAT activity and 2-AF-DNA adduct formation in human leukemia cells by DAS and DADS were dose-dependent and were directly proportional. The data also indicated that DAS and DADS decrease the apparent values of Km and Vmax from human leukemia cells in both assays. This is the first report of garlic components affecting human leukemia cell NAT activity and 2-AF-DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Lin
- Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Edenharder R, Sager JW, Glatt H, Muckel E, Platt KL. Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in metabolically competent V79 cells. Mutat Res 2002; 521:57-72. [PMID: 12438004 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, genetically engineered for the expression of rat cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase 1A2 and rat sulfotransferase 1C1 (V79-rCYP1A2-rSULT1C1 cells), were utilized to check for possible protective effects of beverages of plant origin, fruits, vegetables, and spices against genotoxicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Antigenotoxic activities of juices from spinach and red beets against AAF could be monitored with similar effectivity by the HPRT-mutagenicity test (IC(50)=0.64%; 2.57%) and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay; IC(50)=0.12%; 0.89%) which detects DNA strand breaks and abasic sites. Applying the comet assay, genotoxicity of PhIP could, however, be demonstrated only in the presence of hydroxyurea and 1-[beta-D-arabinofuranosyl]cytosine, known inhibitors of DNA repair synthesis. As expected, AAF and PhIP were unable to induce any genotoxic effects in the parent V79 cells. Genotoxic activity of PhIP was strongly reduced in a dose-related manner by green tea and red wine, by blueberries, blackberries, red grapes, kiwi, watermelon, parsley, and spinach, while two brands of beer, coffee, black tea, rooibos tea, morellos, black-currants, plums, red beets, broccoli (raw and cooked), and chives were somewhat less active. One brand of beer was only moderately active while white wine, bananas, white grapes, and strawberries were inactive. Similarly, genotoxicity of AAF was strongly reduced by green, black, and rooibos tea, red wine, morellos, black-currants, kiwi, watermelon, and spinach while plums, red beets, and broccoli (raw) were less potent. Broccoli cooked exerted only moderate and white wine weak antigenotoxic activity. With respect to the possible mechanism(s) of inhibition of genotoxicity, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP-7,8-OH) and N-OH-PhIP were applied as substrates for the CYP1A family and for rSULT 1C1, respectively. Morellos, black-currants, and black tea strongly reduced the genotoxicity of BaP-7,8-OH, onions, rooibos tea, and red wine were less potent while red beets and spinach were inactive. On the other hand, red beets and spinach strongly inhibited the genotoxicity of N-OH-PhIP, rooibos tea was weakly active while all other items were inactive. These results are suggestive for enzyme inhibition as mechanism of protection by complex mixtures of plant origin. Taken together, our results demonstrate that protection by beverages, fruits, and vegetables against genotoxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines may take place within metabolically competent mammalian cells as well as under the conditions of the Salmonella/reversion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Edenharder
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) play an important role in the interaction of competing metabolic pathways determining the fate of and response to xenobiotics as therapeutic drugs, occupational chemicals and carcinogenic substances. Individual susceptibility for drug response and possible adverse drug reactions are modulated by the genetic predisposition (manifested for example, by polymorphisms) and the phenotype of these enzymes. For all drugs metabolized by NATs, the impact of different in vivo enzyme activities is reviewed with regard to therapeutic use, prevention of side effects and possible indications for risk assessment by phenotyping and/or genotyping. As genes of NATs are susceptibility genes for multifactorial adverse effects and xenobiotic-related diseases, risk prediction can only be made possible by taking the complexity of events into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meisel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, F-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Lu KH, Lin KL, Yang CC, Hsia TC, Hsiao YM, Chou MC, Ho HC, Chung JG. The effect of paclitaxel on gene expression and activity of arylamine N-acetyltransferase and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:705-13. [PMID: 11955677 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylation is recognized as the first step in arylamine metabolism. The enzyme responsible for N-acetylation is called arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT),which uses acetyl coenzyme A as the acetyl group donor. Paclitaxel has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic and anticancer activity. In this study, paclitaxel was selected to determine the inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression (NAT mRNA) and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation in human leukemia HL-60 cell line. Paclitaxel (0.01-l microM) did decrease the level of NAT mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that paclitaxel inhibited NAT activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation in human leukemia HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Using standard steady-state kinetic analysis, it was demonstrated that paclitaxel was a possible uncompetitive inhibitor to NAT activity in cytosols based on the decrease in apparent values of K(m) and V(max). This report is the first demonstration that paclitaxel affected human leukemia HL-60 cells NAT activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsia TC, Chung JG, Lu HF, Ho HC, Yang CC, Lu KH, Hung CF. The effect of paclitaxel on 2-aminofluorene-DNA adducts formation and arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human lung tumor cells (A549). Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:697-703. [PMID: 11955676 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, paclitaxel was used to determine inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in a human lung tumor cell line (A549). The activity of NAT was measured by HPLC assaying for the amounts of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (2-AAF) and remaining 2-aminofluorene (2-AF). Human lung tumor cell cytosols and intact cells were used for examining NAT activity and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation. The results demonstrated that NAT activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and 2-AF-DNA adduct formation in human lung tumor cells were inhibited and decreased by paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of paclitaxel on the values of the apparent Km and Vmax of NAT from human lung tumor cells were also determined in both examined systems. The result also indicated that paclitaxel decreased the apparent values of Km and Vmax from human lung tumor cells in both cytosol and intact cells. Thus, paclitaxel is an uncompetitive inhibitor to NAT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, No 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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Li YC, Hung CF, Yeh FT, Lin JP, Chung JG. Luteolin-inhibited arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct in human and mouse leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:641-7. [PMID: 11397511 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyltransferase enzyme is an important enzyme in the first step of arylamine compounds metabolism. Luteolin has been shown to exit antibacterial and antineoplastic activity. The purpose of this present study is to evaluate the question of whether luteolin could affect arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation in human (HL-60) and mouse (L1210) leukemia cells. By using HPLC, N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene was determined. Luteolin displayed a dose-dependent inhibition to cytosolic NAT activity and intact human and mice leukemia cells. Time-course experiments showed that N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene measured from intact human and mice leukemia cells were inhibited by luteolin for up to 24 hours. Using standard steady-state kinetic analysis, it was demonstrated that luteolin was a possible uncompetitive inhibitor to NAT activity in cytosols. The DNA-2-aminofluorene adduct formation in human and mouse leukemia cells were inhibited by luteolin. This report is the first demonstration to show that luteolin affects human and mice leukemia cells NAT activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene on adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Tai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung 400, ROC, Taiwan
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