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Stephen Robert J, Peddha MS, Srivastava AK. Effect of Silymarin and Quercetin in a Miniaturized Scaffold in Wistar Rats against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20735-20745. [PMID: 34423182 PMCID: PMC8374897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging activities. The efficacy of SQ activity is restricted due to poor absorption and availability. This study aims to increase the hepatoprotective activity of SQ by a newer delivery technique. We have optimized a technique, miniaturized scaffold (MS), for the delivery of active compounds of SQ. SQ molecules were embedded in MS and characterized by morphology, particle size, miniaturization efficiency, and functional group. Further, the hepatoprotective effects of MSQ were investigated through in vitro and in vivo methods. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and subsequently, hepatotoxic rats were treated with the miniaturized scaffold of SQ (MSQ) for 8 weeks. The body weight were significantly high in groups fed with MSQ. A substantial decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were observed in rats treated with MSQ. Similarly, rats treated with MSQ exhibited lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. The experiments clearly demonstrated the efficacy of MSQ as a superior hepatoprotective agent against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease simulated through toxicity induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisheela
Marry Stephen Robert
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR- Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- .
Phone: 91-821-2514972. Fax: 91-821-2517233
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Khalifa SA, Elashal M, Kieliszek M, Ghazala NE, Farag MA, Saeed A, Xiao J, Zou X, Khatib A, Göransson U, El-Seedi HR. Recent insights into chemical and pharmacological studies of bee bread. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Mohammadi G, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Haghighi ZMS. Chemical characterization and anti‐breast cancer effects of silver nanoparticles using
Phoenix dactylifera
seed ethanolic extract on 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene‐induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley male rats. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health InstituteKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Akram Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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Jiang Z, Chen C, Wang J, Xie W, Wang M, Li X, Zhang X. Purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) anthocyanins attenuate alcohol-induced hepatic injury by enhancing antioxidant defense. J Nat Med 2016; 70:45-53. [PMID: 26481011 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a serious and challenging health issue. In the past decade, natural components possessing hepatoprotective properties have gained more attention for ALD intervention. In this study, the phytochemical components of anthocyanins from purple potato were assessed using UPLC-MS/MS, and the hepatoprotective effects of purple potato anthocyanins (PPAs) were investigated in the ALD mouse model. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were determined, along with histopathological changes in liver tissue. In addition, the major contributors to alcohol-induced oxidative stress were assessed. The results indicated that the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were lower in the serum of the PPA-treated group than the alcohol-treated group. PPAs significantly inhibited the reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Higher levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione enzymes as well as a reduction in the formation of malondialdehyde occurred in mice fed with PPAs. In addition, PPAs protected against increased alcohol-induced levels and activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which demonstrates the effects of PPAs against alcohol-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. This study suggests that PPAs could be an effective therapeutic agent in alcohol-induced liver injuries by inhibiting CYP2E1 expression and thereby strengthening antioxidant defenses.
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Silva S, Costa EM, Calhau C, Morais RM, Pintado ME. Anthocyanin extraction from plant tissues: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:3072-3083. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1087963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zare Mirakabadi A, Sarzaeem A. Level of Serum Enzymes and Electrocardiogram in Healthy Rabbits after Injection of ICD-85 as an Anticancer Agent. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 19:206-13. [PMID: 26239313 PMCID: PMC4649855 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our previous in vivo studies confirmed that ICD-85, as an anticancer agent, was able to prevent further growth of breast tumors and expand the life expectancy of mice with breast cancer. Methods: Blood collection was carried out before, 1, 3, and 6 hours after ICD-85 injection. Sera were used to determinate the cardio and hepatic enzymes levels, including ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, and Ck-MB. Coagulation factors such as PT and PTT were also assayed. ECGs of all rabbits were recorded during the experiment. Results: ECG results showed that the injection of 50 and 100 µg/kg ICD-85 into healthy rabbits has no significant effect on heart function while the injection of 150 to 200 µg/kg ICD-85 caused ECG wave changes and mild bradycardia without toxic effects on heart. After ICD-85 injection (concentrations below 100 µg/kg), no significant increase was observed in liver and cardiac enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, and CK-MB). However, the concentration of 150 µg/kg and above caused a rise in the enzymes. Comparison of the PT and PTT before and after ICD-85 injection showed no significant clotting time at any concentrations below 200 µg/kg. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the present study as well as our previous reports, ICD-85 at concentrations below 100 µg/kg seems to have no significant effect on the serum enzymes as indicators of hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in healthy rabbits. However, to confirm this conclusion, more detailed surveys on heart and liver is needed to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Zare Mirakabadi
- Dept. of Venomous Animals and Anitvenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Sarzaeem
- Young Researchers Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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7
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El-Anany AM, Ali RFM. Biochemical and histopathological effects of administration various levels of Pomposia (Syzygium cumini) fruit juice as natural antioxidant on rat health. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 50:487-95. [PMID: 24425943 PMCID: PMC3602562 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of administration various levels (400, 800 and 1,200 ppm) of pomposia extracts as natural antioxidant in comparison with BHT as synthetic antioxidant on some biochemical activities and histopathological examination of rats. Some of biochemical tests i.e. Alkaline phosphatase, transaminases]Aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) [,bilirubin, urea and uric acid were conducted. Histopathological examinations were carried out on the liver and kidney tissue of rats administrated tested substances. The biochemical results indicated that the administration of polyphenolic compounds present in pomposia juice did not cause any significant (p ≥ 0.05) changes in the biochemical parameters whereas the administration of BHT at 200 ppm caused significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the activities of enzymes relevant to the functions of liver and kidney. Microscopically examinations of liver and kidney of rat administered various levels of pomposia juice had the same character as that of control rats (this means that the polyphenolic compounds present in pomposia juice did not cause any adverse affect in liver and kidney), in contrast the administration of 200 ppm of BHT caused marked pathological changes in liver and kidney of rats. The results of the current investigation suggest using pomposia juice as safe food grade substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. El-Anany
- />Special Food & Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F. M. Ali
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
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Lionetto MG, Giordano ME, Calisi A, Erroi E, De Nuccio F, Schettino T. Effect of the daily ingestion of a purified anthocyanin extract from grape skin on rat serum antioxidant capacity. Physiol Res 2011; 60:637-45. [PMID: 21574762 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of the daily ingestion of a purified anthocyanin extract from red grape skin on rat serum antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and its safety for the intestinal epithelium. The study was carried out in rats orally administered with the extract for 10 days in either normal physiological conditions or exposed to a pro-oxidant chemical (CCl(4)). The oral administration of the extract significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the ORAC value of the deproteinised serum of about 50 % after 10 days of ingestion. Anthocyanin administration was also able to reverse completely the decrease in the serum ORAC activity induced by the CCl(4) treatment. Experiments with Ussing chamber mounted intestine allowed to exclude any toxicity of the extract for the intestinal epithelium. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the purified anthocyanin extract from red grape skin enhances the total antioxidant capacity of the serum in either normal physiological condition or during oxidative stress induction, revealing a protective role against the decrease in the serum antioxidant capacity induced by a pro-oxidant compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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10
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HIRAI S, ISHIBUCHI T, WATABE S, MAKITA M, KISHIDA C, TAKAGAKI M, KURAUCHI N, EGASHIRA Y. Protective Effect of Red-Stemmed Type of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk against CCl4-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:306-10. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Iwuanyanwu KP, Wegwu M, Okiyi J. Hepatoprotective Effects of African Locust Bean (Parkia clappertoniana) and Negro Pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) in CCl4-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Albino Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.744.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Hou Z, Qin P, Ren G. Effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3191-3196. [PMID: 20143824 DOI: 10.1021/jf904407x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the protective effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (AEBR) on chronic ethanol-induced biochemical changes in male Wistar rats. Administration of ethanol (3.7 g/kg/day) to Wistar rats for 45 days induced liver damage with a significant increase (P < 0.05) of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum and the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In contrast, administration of AEBR (500 mg/kg) along with alcohol significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the activities of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and GGT) in serum, the MDA levels and the concentrations of serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH). Rats treated with AEBR showed a better profile of the antioxidant system with normal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. All these results were accompanied by histological observations in liver. The results demonstrate that AEBR has a beneficial effect in reducing the adverse effect of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Hou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing100081, P. R. China
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S. Satyapa U, J. Kadam V, Ghosh R. Hepatoprotective Activity of Livobond A Polyherbal Formulation Against CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2008.472.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Wegwu MO, Ayalogu EO. Prevention of CCl4-induced liver damage by ginger, garlic and vitamin E. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:617-21. [PMID: 19069545 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.617.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and vitamin E pre-treatment against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in male wistar albino rats were investigated. Carbon tetrachloride (0.5 mL kg(-1) body weight) was administered after 28 days of feeding animals with diets containing ginger, garlic, vitamin E and various mixtures of ginger and garlic. Serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, 24 h after CCl4 administration, decreased significantly (p < or = 0.05) in rats pre-treated with garlic, ginger, vitamin E and various mixtures of garlic and ginger than in CCl4-treated rats only. Lipid peroxidation expressed by serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was assayed to assess the extent of liver damage by CCl4; including the extent of hepatoprotection by garlic, ginger and vitamin E. MDA concentration was significantly decreased (p < or = 0.05) in rats pretreated with garlic, ginger, vitamin E and various mixtures of garlic and ginger than in rats administered CCl4-alone. Histological examination of the liver revealed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells in rats treated with CCl4 alone. However, the observed alteration in the normal architecture of the hepatic cells decreased remarkably in pre-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicological Unit, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Amin A, Hamza AA. Hepatoprotective effects of Hibiscus, Rosmarinus and Salvia on azathioprine-induced toxicity in rats. Life Sci 2005; 77:266-78. [PMID: 15878355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As an anti-metabolite, Azathioprine inhibits the de novo and salvage pathways of purine synthesis. Intraperitoneal injection of this drug results in not only lymphocyte suppression but also toxicity to bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. This Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity was found to be associated with oxidative damage. Plants with antioxidative properties have been traditionally used to prevent diseases associated with free radicals. In this report, we used water extracts of three herbal plants that have been commonly used for treating many illnesses (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis). Here we show their novel hepatoprotective effects against Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Typically, administration of Azathioprine induces oxidative stress through depleting the activities of antioxidants and elevating the level of malonialdehyde in liver. This escalates levels of alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotranferase in serum. Pretreatment with any of the three herbal plants used in this investigation proved to have a protective effect against Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity. Animals pretreated with water extracts from any of the three herbs under investigation not only failed to show necrosis of the liver after azathioprine administration, but also retained livers that, for the most part, were histologically normal. In addition, these herbs blocked the induced elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotranferase in serum. The Azathioprine-induced oxidative stress was relieved to varying degrees by the examined herbal extracts. This effect was evident through reducing malonialdehyde levels and releasing the inhibitory effect of Azathioprine on the activities of glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. To our knowledge, this report is the first that shows hepatoprotective effects of Hibiscus, Rosmarinus and Salvia species against Azathioprine-induced acute liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17555, UAE.
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Marco PH, Levi MAB, Scarminio IS, Poppi RJ, Trevisan MG. Exploratory Analysis of Simultaneous Degradation of Anthocyanins in the Calyces of Flowers of the Hibiscus sabdariffa Species by PARAFAC Model. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1523-7. [PMID: 16379399 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A three-way resolution method based on PARAFAC model was applied for the UV-Vis spectra to study the simultaneous degradation of anthocyanins extracted from fresh calyces of flowers of the Hibiscus sabdariffa. This methodology was used to resolve a chemical system, for which there was no a priori information about the composition or the pure spectra, a so-called black system. In the pH range from 1 to 13, seven species were identified: flavylium cation, carbinol, quinoidal base, E- and Z-chalcones and E- and Z-ionized chalcones. The concentration changes were determined as functions of pH at different wavelengths. The pK values for the acidity constants as well as tautomeric constant were estimated as 2.70, 3.54 and 0.14, respectively. The spectral profiles recovered by the chemometric methods are in excellent agreement with bands of experimental spectra reported in the literature for the species measured at specific pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H Marco
- Laboratório de Quimiometria em Ciéncias Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C. P 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Kong JM, Chia LS, Goh NK, Chia TF, Brouillard R. Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 64:923-33. [PMID: 14561507 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds that impart color to fruits, vegetables, and plants. They are probably the most important group of visible plant pigments besides chlorophyll. Apart from imparting color to plants, anthocyanins also have an array of health-promoting benefits, as they can protect against a variety of oxidants through a various number of mechanisms. However, anthocyanins have received less attention than other flavonoids, despite this. This article reviews their biological functions and pre-clinical studies, as well as the most recent analytical techniques concerning anthocyanin isolation and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Kong
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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Antioxidant activity of lycopene extracted from tomato paste towards trichloromethyl peroxyl radical CCl3O2·. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Terahara N, Takeda Y, Nesumi A, Honda T. Anthocyanins from red flower tea (Benibana-cha), Camellia sinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 56:359-361. [PMID: 11249101 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three anthocyanins were isolated from the leaves of red flower tea (Benibana-cha), Camellia sinensis, and their structures were determined by means of chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Two are the anthocyanins, delphinidin and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactosides, respectively. Whereas the third, delphinidin 3-0-beta-D-(6-(E)-p-coumaryl)galactopyranoside. The anthocyanins were also contained in the flowers of Benibana-cha in different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Terahara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Takanabe, Miyazaki, Japan.
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