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Yang N, Zhao Y. Study on the effect of crystal changes on acid resistance of erbium laser etched enamel surface. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:200-206. [PMID: 38296510 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism underlying high acid resistance of enamel after erbium laser etching. Forty-five premolars were collected and assigned to three groups. A 4×4×1 mm enamel sample was prepared, the left side was the control side, the right side was the treated side, which was treated with different surface treatments, including 35% phosphoric acid etching, Er:YAG laser etching, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching. The hydroxyapatite crystal size on the enamel surface of the samples was observed. The contents of Ca, P, O, F, Cl, C, Mg were detected. The crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite crystal was analyzed. After erbium laser etching, the enamel surface had high hydroxyapatite crystal size, beneficial content of chemical elements and crystallinity. The morphological and composition changes of crystals in the enamel surface after erbium laser etching may be one of the crucial mechanisms underlying the enhancement of acid resistance of enamel after erbium laser etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
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2
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Keshav V, Brar G, Tuli S, Sodhi A, Kesarwani D. A Light Microscopic Study Comparing Pulp Histological Alterations Following Tooth Preparation Using a High-speed Handpiece and an Er: YAG Laser. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S704-S706. [PMID: 38595364 PMCID: PMC11001071 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_951_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Histological alterations were evaluated in this study after tooth preparation with carbide burs using a traditional handpiece and Er: YAG laser. Methods Tooth preparation was done on 30 intact maxillary first premolars of healthy patients. Ten maxillary first premolars were used as control, wherein no tooth preparation was done. Box-shaped tooth preparation was done on the occlusal surface of maxillary first premolars using carbide bur in the handpiece and Er: YAG laser (n = 10). After performing the recommended procedure for different groups, each tooth was extracted and 4-5 μm thick sections were prepared and stained using H and E stains. A 4-40× microscope was used to examine the morphological alterations in the odontoblasts. The Chi-square test was used to compare the outcomes. Results The high-speed drill group and the control group had statistically significant differences (P = 0.05). High-speed drill and laser group differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion The histological findings as seen with laser tooth preparation were nearly identical to those of control or nonmanipulated teeth under light microscope, whereas disruption of odontoblastic layer was seen with high-speed drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Keshav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Gursimrat Brar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Saransh Tuli
- Consultant Micro-Endodontist and Restorative Dentist at Dr. Saransh’s Dental Lounge, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asmita Sodhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Damini Kesarwani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Shakya VK, Bhattacharjee A, Singh RK, Yadav RK, Singh VK, Singhai A. Shear bond strengths of bur or Er:YAG laser prepared dentine to composite resin with or without low-level laser conditioning: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:161. [PMID: 37452232 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the different modes of cavity preparation while evaluating the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dentine before bonding in terms of shear bond strength between composite resin and dentine. Fifty human molar teeth were mounted on acrylic blocks and dentine specimen were prepared after which they were randomized into four equal groups. Cavity preparation mode differed in respective groups. After etching, bonding; composite resin was placed and polymerized on the prepared dentine surfaces. The specimens were kept in an environment simulating oral cavity and then shear tested in a universal testing machine. The failure surfaces of the specimen teeth were subjected to SEM micrographic evaluation. The cavity prepared with diamond abrasive points had a higher shearing load at failure that was statistically significantly different from the ones prepared with laser. That with diamond abrasive points followed by LLLT of the cavity surface with Nd:YAG laser had a higher bond strength than the ones prepared with just Er:YAG laser and there was no statistically significant difference between these and the ones prepared with diamond abrasive points alone. SEM analysis of the failure mode in bur-cut dentine showed the presence of a hybrid layer at the interface. Surface conditioning of the same with Nd:YAG laser before etching suggested a recrystallisation of dentine due to the heat produced. Cavity preparation with Er:YAG laser leads to reduced shear bond strength to adhesive restorative materials when compared with that using burs and high-speed handpiece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Shakya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhisek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India
| | - Atin Singhai
- Postgraduate Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, U.P, Lucknow, India
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Koldehoff J, Swain MV, Schneider GA. Influence of water and protein content on the creep behavior in dental enamel. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:393-411. [PMID: 36640956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The creep behavior of untreated and deproteinized dental enamel in dry and wet state was analyzed by nanoindentation with a spherical tip. Additionally, the influence of the loading rate was investigated. Dry untreated and deproteinized dental enamel only showed minor creep over 100 s and deproteinization did not affect the dry enamel's behavior significantly. With slower loading rates some creep already occurs during the loading period, such that the creep displacement during load hold is less than with faster loading rates. Wet untreated and deproteinized enamel showed significantly more creep compared to the dry samples. The differences between the untreated and deproteinized enamel were only minor but significant, revealing that water affects the creep behavior of biological materials such as enamel significantly. The proposed deformation mechanism of naturally porous enamel under compression is compaction of the HAP crystallites and fluid displacement within material underneath the indented area. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates the creep behavior of untreated and deproteinized dental enamel in dry and wet conditions. It is shown that while the protein content does not affect enamel's behavior significantly, the wet conditions lead to an increased creep in enamel. The proposed deformation mechanism of naturally porous enamel under compression is compaction of the HAP crystallites and fluid displacement within material underneath the indented area. Based on this observation a simple analytical model has been developed, aiming to deepen our understanding of the deformation behavior of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Koldehoff
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, Hamburg 21073, Germany.
| | - Michael V Swain
- Biomaterials Science Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Biomechanics and Biomaterials Lab, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on Don, Russia
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, Hamburg 21073, Germany
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5
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Liu Z, Lu J, Chen X, Xiu P, Zhang Y, Lv X, Jiang X, Wang K, Zhang L. A novel amelogenesis-inspired hydrogel composite for the remineralization of enamel non-cavitated lesions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10150-10161. [PMID: 36472307 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel non-cavitated lesions (NCLs) are subsurface enamel porosity from carious demineralization. The developed enamel cannot repair itself once NCLs occurs. The regeneration of mineral crystals in a biomimetic environment is an effective way to repair enamel subsurface defects. Previously, an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was proven to repair demineralized enamel. In this work, inspired by amelogenesis, a novel biomimetic hydrogel composite containing the QP5 peptide and bioactive glass (BG) was designed, in which QP5 could promote enamel remineralization by guiding the calcium and phosphorus ions provided by BG. Also, BG could adjust the mineralization micro-environment to alkalinity, simulating the pH regulation of ameloblasts during enamel maturity. The BQ hydrogel composite showed biosafety and possessed capacity for enamel binding, ion release and pH buffering. Enamel NCLs treated with the BQ hydrogel composite showed a higher reduction in lesion depth and mineral loss both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, compared to the hydrogels containing only BG or QP5, groups treated with the BQ hydrogel composite attained more surface microhardness recovery and color recovery, exhibiting resistance to erosion and abrasion of the remineralization layer. We envision that the BQ hydrogel composite can provide a biomimetic micro-environment to favor enamel remineralization, thus reducing the lesion depth and increasing the mineral content as a promising biomimetic material for enamel NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinmo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
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González-Sotelo A, Contreras-Bulnes R, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal M, Rubio-Rosas E, Teutle-Coyotecatl B, Mézquita-Rodrigo I. Morphological and porosity changes in primary enamel surface after an in vitro demineralization model. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1956-1963. [PMID: 35005814 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models are very useful in dentistry, especially to evaluate preventive methods against dental caries. Although they have been used for more than 30 years, specific demineralization models have not been established for primary enamel, which is more prone to demineralization than permanent enamel. This study evaluates porosity changes in primary enamel surface after a demineralization model through a scientifically validated analytical tool. Nine healthy human anterior primary teeth extracted for therapeutic reasons were included in this study, previous informed consent. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups n = 3: G1_2D, G2_4D, and G3_7D. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images at ×200 and ×1000 were taken during two stages: before demineralization (BD) and after demineralization (AD). Morphological characterization was observed at ×1000, while porosity (pore count and perimeter) was analyzed by the ImageJ program, using ×200 SEM images previously converted. Several statistical analyses were used to determine differences (p ≤ .05). Morphological characterization AD revealed new pits and cracks on the enamel surface in G1_2D and G2_4D groups. Localized eroded enamel areas were observed in G3_7D. Pore count of enamel surface BD ranged from 64.26 ± 37.62 to 97.93 ± 34.25 and AD ranged from 150.06 ± 64.86 to 256 ± 58.14. AD, G_4D exhibited a decrease in pore perimeter contrary to G_2D and G_7D. Significant differences were observed. Finally, morphological changes were more evident as days of demineralization increased; 7 days of immersion could be employed as an enamel erosive model. The pore count increased after the demineralization model, BD pores perimeter was heterogeneous, and AD varied according to the immersion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlete González-Sotelo
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Efraín Rubio-Rosas
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Irina Mézquita-Rodrigo
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Esteves L, Fagundes TC, Dos Santos PH, da Silva L, de Alcântara S, Cintra L, Briso A. Does the Bleaching Gel Application Site Interfere With the Whitening Result? A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2022; 47:20-30. [PMID: 34979026 DOI: 10.2341/20-236-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bleaching gel application site on chromatic changes and postoperative sensitivity in teeth. Thirty patients were selected and allocated to three groups (n=10 per group), according to the location of the gel: GI, cervical application; GII, incisal application; and GIII, total facial. The amount and time of application of the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel were standardized. Color changes were analyzed by ΔE and Wid (bleaching index), using the values obtained in the readings conducted on a digital spectrophotometer in the cervical (CRs) and incisal regions (IRs) of the teeth. Spontaneous sensitivity was assessed using the questionnaire, and the stimulated sensitivity caused by the thermosensory analysis (TSA). The analysis occurred in five stages: baseline, after the first, second, and third whitening sessions (S), and 14 days after the end of the whitening, using the linear regression statistical model with mixed effects and post-test by orthogonal contrasts (p<0.05). Although the IR was momentarily favored, at the end of the treatment, the restriction of the application site provided results similar to those obtained when the gel was applied over the entire facial surface. Regarding sensitivity, only the GI showed spontaneous sensitivity. In the TSA, GIII had less influence on the threshold of the thermal sensation. It was concluded that the chromatic alteration does not depend on the gel application site. Spontaneous sensitivity is greater when the gel is concentrated in the cervical region (CR), and the teeth remain sensitized by thermal stimuli even after 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lmb Esteves
- Lara Maria Bueno Esteves, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T C Fagundes
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes, DDS, MS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P H Dos Santos
- Paulo Henrique dos Santos, DDS, MS PhD, assistant professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lmav da Silva
- Lívia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S de Alcântara
- Sibele de Alcântara, DDS, MS student, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ltâ Cintra
- Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alf Briso
- *André Luiz Fraga Briso, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Lepri C, De Castro D, Geraldo-Martins V, Faraoni J, Palma-Dibb R. Laser irradiation prevents root caries: Microhardness and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:198-202. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_140_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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9
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Ulusoy NB, Akbay Oba A, Cehreli ZC. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser on the Prevention of Primary and Permanent Teeth Enamel Demineralization: SEM and EDS Evaluation. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 38:308-315. [PMID: 32427554 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate in vitro the effect of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on resistance of primary and permanent human enamel to demineralization using water cooling and fluoride coapplication as variable parameters. Methods: Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted primary and permanent teeth (n = 225 each). The specimens were separated into 15 subgroups (n = 15/group) based on laser application at three different power settings (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 W), laser application with and without water cooling, and application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel before laser treatment. Morphological changes were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the specimens' chemical contents were determined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: In both the primary and permanent teeth, the highest Ca and P content was observed in the noncooled 0.75 W laser group (p < 0.05), irrespective of APF pretreatment (p > 0.05). The Ca and P content for the noncooled APF +0.75 W laser group was lower than that for the APF group and the noncooled 0.75 W laser group. For both dentitions, the F mass content for the APF+laser groups was significantly higher than laser-only groups (p < 0.05). Under SEM, both the primary and permanent enamel exhibited cracks, craters, and surface roughness without water cooling, consistent with increased power output. Conclusions: Er,Cr:YSGG laser application at 0.75 W without water cooling increased enamel resistance to demineralization. Compared with topical APF application, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application barely improved enamel resistance against demineralization, and coapplication did not result in a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Burcu Ulusoy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Aylin Akbay Oba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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10
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Chokhachi Zadeh Moghadam N, Seraj B, Chiniforush N, Ghadimi S. Effects of Laser and Fluoride on the Prevention of Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 9:177-182. [PMID: 30809328 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Investigations have demonstrated that fluoride is an essential element in preventive dentistry. However, there are still controversies about the preventive effects of various kinds of laser. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of diode laser irradiation (810 nm) with or without fluoride therapy in the prevention of deciduous enamel demineralization. Methods: Sixty deciduous molar crowns were randomly assigned to 6 groups: C: received no treatment; F: fluoride varnish application; 2L: 2 times diode laser irradiation; 4L: 4 times diode laser irradiation; F2L: 2 times laser irradiation over fluoride varnish; F4L: 4 times laser irradiation over fluoride varnish. Teeth in all groups were subjected to a pH-cycling process to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of microhardness values indicated a significant great effect for laser, fluoride, and the interaction of laser- fluoride on reducing the final microhardness value (P<0.001). However, the 2L group was an exception. Despite the 4L group, it did not show a significant prevention of enamel microhardness loss (P=0.125). These 2 groups exhibited different effects in the absence of fluoride (P 2L-4L=0.05) while in the presence of the fluoride varnish, no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P F2L-F4L=0.257). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed between the laser-fluoride combination group and the fluoride group (P F2L-F=0.133, P F4L-F=0.926). Conclusion: Our results suggest that fluoride varnish, diode laser, and their combination decrease the loss of the enamel microhardness value and potentially prevent deciduous enamel demineralization. However, the combination of laser and fluoride was not more effective than fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahman Seraj
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadimi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Scatolin RS, Colucci V, Lepri TP, Alexandria AKD, Maia LC, Galo R, Borsatto MC, Corona SAM. Non-contact profilometry of eroded and abraded enamel irradiated with an Er:YAG laser. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170029. [PMID: 29742259 PMCID: PMC5933827 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature has reported positive results regarding the use of lasers in the control of erosive lesions; however, evaluating whether they are effective in the control of the progression of erosive/abrasive lesions is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vivian Colucci
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adílis Kalina de Alexandria
- Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Galo
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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12
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Nogueira RD, Silva CB, Lepri CP, Palma-Dibb RG, Geraldo-Martins VR. Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion on Tooth Enamel Irradiated With High Intensity Lasers. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:24-29. [PMID: 28301014 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on enamel irradiated with high intensity lasers, associated or not to a fluoride varnish. Eighty fragments of bovine enamel were equally divided in 8 groups (n=10). Group 1 was not treated and Group 2 received only a 5% fluoride varnish application. The other groups were irradiated with an Er:Cr:YSGG (8.92 J/cm2), an Nd:YAG (84.9 J/cm2) and a diode laser (199.04 J/cm2), associated or not to a 5% fluoride varnish. The surface roughness was measured before and after treatments. Afterward, all samples were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted by a stereoscope and the results were expressed in CFU/mm2. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey´s test compared the roughness data and the Student´s test compared the results obtained in the bacterial adhesion test (a=5%). The results showed that the irradiated samples without varnish presented the same roughness and the same bacterial adhesion that the non-irradiated samples. However, samples irradiated in the presence of fluoride varnish showed higher surface roughness and higher bacterial adhesion than the non-irradiated samples and those irradiated without varnish. Presence of pigments in the varnish increased the lasers' action on the enamel surface, which produced ablation in this hard tissue and significantly increased its surface roughness. For this reason, the enamel's susceptibility to bacterial adhesion was higher when the irradiation of the samples was made in presence of fluoride varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchele D Nogueira
- Biopathology Division, Dental School, UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Camilla B Silva
- Biopathology Division, Dental School, UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Cesar P Lepri
- Clinical Dentistry, Dental School, UNIUBE - Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Xu Y, Li D, Yin Z, He A, Lin M, Jiang G, Song X, Hu X, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Duan L, Zhou G. Tissue-engineered trachea regeneration using decellularized trachea matrix treated with laser micropore technique. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:113-121. [PMID: 28546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered trachea provides a promising approach for reconstruction of long segmental tracheal defects. However, a lack of ideal biodegradable scaffolds greatly restricts its clinical translation. Decellularized trachea matrix (DTM) is considered a proper scaffold for trachea cartilage regeneration owing to natural tubular structure, cartilage matrix components, and biodegradability. However, cell residual and low porosity of DTM easily result in immunogenicity and incomplete cartilage regeneration. To address these problems, a laser micropore technique (LMT) was applied in the current study to modify trachea sample porosity to facilitate decellular treatment and cell ingrowth. Decellularization processing demonstrated that cells in LMT treated samples were more easily removed compared with untreated native trachea. Furthermore, after optimizing the protocols of LMT and decellular treatments, the LMT-treated DTM (LDTM) could retain their original tubular shape with only mild extracellular matrix damage. After seeding with chondrocytes and culture in vitro for 8 weeks, the cell-LDTM constructs formed tubular cartilage with relatively homogenous cell distribution in both micropores and bilateral surfaces. In vivo results further confirmed that the constructs could form mature tubular cartilage with increased DNA and cartilage matrix contents, as well as enhanced mechanical strength, compared with native trachea. Collectively, these results indicate that LDTM is an ideal scaffold for tubular cartilage regeneration and, thus, provides a promising strategy for functional reconstruction of trachea cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Lacking ideal biodegradable scaffolds greatly restricts development of tissue-engineered trachea. Decellularized trachea matrix (DTM) is considered a proper scaffold for trachea cartilage regeneration. However, cell residual and low porosity of DTM easily result in immunogenicity and incomplete cartilage regeneration. By laser micropore technique (LMT), the current study efficiently enhanced the porosity and decellularized efficacy of DTM. The LMT-treated DTM basically retained the original tubular shape with mild matrix damage. After chondrocyte seeding followed by in vitro culture and in vivo implantation, the constructs formed mature tubular cartilage with matrix content and mechanical strength similar to native trachea. The current study provides an ideal scaffold and a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration and functional reconstruction of trachea.
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Jordão MC, Forti GM, Navarro RS, Freitas PM, Honório HM, Rios D. CO2 laser and/or fluoride enamel treatment against in situ/ex vivo erosive challenge. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:223-8. [PMID: 27383703 PMCID: PMC5022222 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This in situ/ex vivo study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF) application, separately and in combination, on enamel resistance to erosion. Material and Methods During 2 experimental 5-day crossover phases, 8 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing bovine enamel blocks which were submitted to four groups: 1st phase - control, untreated and CO2 laser irradiation, 2nd phase - fluoride application and fluoride application before CO2 laser irradiation. Laser irradiation was performed at 10.6 µm wavelength, 5 µs pulse duration and 50 Hz frequency, with average power input and output of 2.3 W and 2.0 W, respectively (28.6 J/cm2). APF gel (1.23%F, pH 3.5) was applied on enamel surface with a microbrush and left on for 4 minutes. Then, the enamel blocks were fixed at the intraoral appliance level. The erosion was performed extraorally 4 times daily for 5 min in 150 mL of cola drink. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically after treatment and after the in situ phase. The data were tested using one-way Repeated Measures Anova and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results CO2 laser alone (2.00±0.39 µm) did not show any significantly preventive effect against enamel erosion when compared with the control group (2.41±1.20 µm). Fluoride treated enamel, associated (1.50±0.30 µm) or not (1.47±0.63 µm) with laser irradiation, significantly differed from the control. Conclusion The APF application decreased enamel wear; however, CO2 laser irradiation did not enhance fluoride ability to reduce enamel wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Camillo Jordão
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Manzano Forti
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Patrícia Moreira Freitas
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Especial de Laser em Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Rios
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Gomes MN, Dutra H, Morais A, Sgura R, Devito-Moraes AG. In-Office Bleaching During Orthodontic Treatment. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 29:83-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Neves Gomes
- Dental Materials; USP-University of São Paulo, Specialist in Dentistry-CETAO, Brazilian Air Force Dentist-NUHFASP, APCD- Paulista Dental Association; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hélio Dutra
- UMC-University of Mogi das Cruzes, APCD-Paulista Dental Association; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morais
- Dentistry; UNG-University of Guarulhos, APCD-Paulista Dental Association; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sgura
- Dental Materials, USP; University of São Paulo Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, UNINOVE-University Nove de Julho; São Paulo Brazil
| | - André Guaraci Devito-Moraes
- Dental Materials; USP, University of São Paulo, APCD-Paulista Dental Association, São Paulo, Brazil Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, UNINOVE-University Nove de Julho; São Paulo Brazil
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Moosavi H, Ghorbanzadeh S, Ahrari F. Structural and Morphological Changes in Human Dentin after Ablative and Subablative Er:YAG Laser Irradiation. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:86-91. [PMID: 27330703 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the influence of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser on microhardness, chemical composition and subsurface morphology of dentin cavity walls. METHODS Forty sound human premolars were selected and randomly assigned into four groups. Class V cavities were prepared either with an Er:YAG laser (groups 1 and 2; 15 Hz, 250 mJ for enamel, 10 Hz, 200 mJ for dentin) or with a high speed handpiece (groups 3 and 4). The specimens in groups 1 and 3 served as the control, whereas those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed to subablative laser irradiation following cavity preparation (10 Hz, 50 mJ). After bisecting the specimens, one half was subjected to microhardness assessment and the other half was evaluated by SEM-EDS analysis. RESULTS Microhardness was significantly greater in the specimens prepared by both ablative and subablative laser irradiation (group 2) than that of the bur-prepared cavities (groups 3 and 4) (P < 0.05). The quantity of calcium ion was significantly greater in cavities prepared by the Er:YAG laser (groups 1 and 2) compared to that of the bur cavities (groups 3 and 4) (P < 0.05). Subablative irradiation improved microhardness and weight percentage of calcium ion in both laser and bur cavities, but the difference was not significant compared to that of the relevant control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Cavity preparation with an Er:YAG laser could be considered as an alternative to the conventional method of drilling, as it enhances the mechanical and compositional properties of lased dentin, especially when combined by subablative irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horieh Moosavi
- Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Curylofo-Zotti FA, Lepri TP, Colucci V, Turssi CP, Corona SAM. Sub ablative Er: YAG laser irradiation on surface roughness of eroded dental enamel. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:989-93. [PMID: 26303699 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation applied at varying pulse repetition rate on the surface roughness of eroded enamel. METHODS Bovine enamel slabs (n = 10) were embedded in polyester resin, ground, and polished. To erosive challenges, specimens were immersed two times per day in 20mL of concentrated orange juice (pH = 3.84) under agitation, during a two-day period. Specimens were randomly assigned to irradiation with the Er:YAG laser (focused mode, pulse energy of 60 mJ and energy density of 3.79 J/cm(2) ) operating at 1, 2, 3, or 4 Hz. The control group was left nonirradiated. Surface roughness measurements were recorded post erosion-like formation and further erosive episodes by a profilometer and observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed that the control group showed the lowest surface roughness, while laser-irradiated substrates did not differ from each other following post erosion-like lesion formation. According to analysis of covariance, at further erosive episodes, the control group demonstrated lower surface roughness (P > 0.05), than any of the irradiated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The pulse repetition rate of the Er:YAG laser did not affect roughness of dental enamel eroded. The AFM images showed that the specimens irradiated by the Er:YAG laser at 1 Hz presented a less rough surface than those irradiated at 2, 3, and 4 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paul, Brazil
| | - Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paul, Brazil
| | - Vivian Colucci
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paul, Brazil
| | - Cecília Pedroso Turssi
- Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Campinas, Sao Paul, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paul, Brazil
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Ramalho KM, Hsu CYS, de Freitas PM, Aranha ACC, Esteves-Oliveira M, Rocha RG, de Paula Eduardo C. Erbium Lasers for the Prevention of Enamel and Dentin Demineralization: A Literature Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:301-19. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Müller Ramalho
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP) Prof. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chin-ying Stephen Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Correa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rodney Garcia Rocha
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP) Prof. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos de Paula Eduardo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lacerda ÂSSB, Hanashiro FS, de Sant'Anna GR, Steagall Júnior W, Barbosa PS, de Souza-Zaroni WC. Effects of near infrared laser radiation associated with photoabsorbing cream in preventing white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:686-93. [PMID: 25496084 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effect of a low-power infrared laser on the inhibition of bovine enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. BACKGROUND DATA Near infrared lasers have been suggested as alternative approaches because they may produce an increase in resistance to dental caries. METHODS Forty-eight blocks of enamel obtained from bovine incisor teeth were divided into six groups: Group 1 (control), without treatment; Group 2 (C), photoabsorbing cream; Group 3 (CF), photoabsorbing cream with fluoride; Group 4 (L), irradiation with low-level infrared laser (λ=830 nm) at an energy density of 4.47 J/cm2; Group 5 (L+C), photoabsorbing cream followed by low-level infrared laser irradiation; and Group 6 (L+CF), photoabsorbing cream with fluoride followed by low-level infrared laser irradiation. After these procedures, the enamel blocks received an assortment of orthodontic brackets and were then submitted to pH cycling to simulate a highly cariogenic challenge. The enamel surface demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, according to the different treatments, was quantified by fluorescence loss analysis by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). The fluorescence loss, expressed as ΔF (percentage of loss fluorescence), was statistically examined by analysis of variance and the Tukey test. RESULTS The control group (-10.48±2.85) was statistically similar to Group C (-14.52±7.80), which presented the lowest values of ΔF when compared with Groups FC (-3.67±3.21), L (-2.79±1.68), CL (-1.05±0:50), and CFL (-0.60±0:43). However, Groups FC, L, CL, and CFL showed no statistically significant differences among them. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that both the low-level infrared laser and photoabsorbing cream with fluoride were effective in inhibiting the development of caries in enamel around orthodontic brackets, even in situations of high cariogenic challenge.
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Geraldo-Martins VR, Lepri CP, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Palma-Dibb RG. The combined use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride to prevent root dentin demineralization. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:459-64. [PMID: 25466479 PMCID: PMC4245759 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of erbium lasers to prevent caries in enamel has shown positive results. However, it is not known if Er,Cr:YSGG laser can also be used to increase acid resistance of root dentine, which is another dental tissue susceptible to the action of cariogenic bacteria. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (λ=2.78 μm, 20 Hz) irradiation associated with 2% neutral sodium fluoride (NaF) to prevent root dentin demineralization. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred human root dentin samples were divided into 10 groups (G) and treated as follows: G1: no treatment; G2: NaF; G3: laser (4.64 J/cm2) with water cooling (WC=5.4 mL/min); G4: laser (4.64 J/cm2) without WC; G5: laser (8.92 J/cm2) with WC; G6: laser (8.92 J/cm2) without WC; G7: laser (4.64 J/cm2) with WC and NaF; G8: laser (4.64 J/cm2) without WC and NaF; G9: laser (8.92 J/cm2) with WC and NaF; G10: laser (8.92 J/cm2) without WC and NaF. The NaF gel was applied alone or after 4 min of irradiation. After 14 days of acid challenge, the samples were sectioned and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) test was done at different depths (30, 60, 90 and 120 μm) from the outer dentin surface. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (α=5%). RESULTS The results showed that G8 and G10 presented higher KHN than the G1 for the depths of 30 and 60 μm, indicating an increase of the acid resistance of the dentin in up to 35% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 4.64 J/ cm2 and 8.92 J/cm2 without water cooling and associated with 2% NaF can increase the acid resistance of human root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Uberaba University, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Er:YAG laser for brackets bonding: a SEM study after debonding. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:935946. [PMID: 25405238 PMCID: PMC4227405 DOI: 10.1155/2014/935946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The introduction of Er:YAG laser in dentistry for ablation of hard tissues advocated an alternative method of enamel etching for orthodontics purpose. Materials and Methods. 55 extracted human third molars were inserted in acrylic resin blocks and divided into five groups of 11 teeth. Group 1 was treated with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. Group 2 was treated with laser irradiation (Er:YAG Fidelius III, Fotona, Slovenia) at 80 mJ and 4 Hz. Group 3 underwent laser treatment (80 mJ, 4 Hz), followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. The teeth in Group 4 were treated with laser at 40 mJ and 10 Hz. The teeth in Group 5 were treated with laser (40 mJ, 10 Hz), followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 seconds. The adhesive remnant index was determined after debonding. Results. Kruskas-Wallis test showed that location parameters (median and mean) are significantly different between Groups 2 and 4 when compared with control group; on the contrary no significant difference was detected between Groups 3 and 5 with the controls. Conclusion. The use of Er:YAG laser alone, as in Groups 2 and 4, showed no significant advantages over phosphoric acid in the bonding procedure for orthodontics brackets.
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Er:YAG laser irradiation to control the progression of enamel erosion: an in situ study. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1465-73. [PMID: 24985348 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This in situ study evaluated the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in controlling the progression of enamel erosion-like lesions. Fifty-six enamel slabs (330 KHN ± 10 %) with one fourth of the surface covered with resin composite (control area) were submitted to initial erosion-like lesion formation with citric acid. The slabs were divided into two groups: irradiated with Er:YAG laser and non-irradiated. Fourteen volunteers used an intraoral palatal appliance containing two slabs, in two phases of 5 days each. During the intraoral phase, in a crossed-over design, half of the volunteers immersed the appliance in citric acid while the other half used deionized water, both for 5 min, three times per day. Enamel wear was determined by an optical 3D profilometer. ANOVA revealed that when deionized water was used as immersion solution during the intraoral phase, lower values of wear were showed when compared with the groups that were eroded with citric acid, whether irradiated or non-irradiated with Er:YAG laser. When erosion with citric acid was performed, Er:YAG laser was not able to reduce enamel wear. Small changes on enamel surface were observed when it was irradiated with Er:YAG laser. It may be concluded that Er:YAG laser irradiation did not reduce the progression of erosive lesions on enamel submitted to in situ erosion with citric acid.
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Colucci V, de Souza Gabriel AE, Scatolin RS, Serra MC, Corona SAM. Effect of Er:YAG laser on enamel demineralization around restorations. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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dos Reis Derceli J, Faraoni-Romano JJ, Azevedo DT, Wang L, Bataglion C, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of pretreatment with an Er:YAG laser and fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 30:857-62. [PMID: 24149579 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and its association with fluoride (1.23% acidulate phosphate fluoride gel) on the prevention of enamel erosion. Sixty specimens were obtained from bovine enamel (4 × 4 mm), which were ground flat, polished, and randomly divided into five groups according to the preventive treatments: control-fluoride application; L--Er:YAG laser; L+F--laser + fluoride; F+L--fluoride + laser; L/F--laser/fluoride simultaneously. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish (control area), and the other half was pretreated with one of the preventive strategies to subsequently be submitted to erosive challenge. When the laser was applied, it was irradiated for 10 s with a focal length of 4 mm and 60 mJ/2 Hz. Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to regular Coca-Cola® for 1 min, four times/day, for 5 days. Wear analysis was performed with a profilometer, and demineralization was assessed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (wear)/Dunn test and ANOVA/Fisher's exact tests. The group L/F was similar to control group. The other groups showed higher wear, which did not present differences among them. In the demineralization assessment, the groups F+L and L/F showed lower demineralization in relation to the other groups. It can be concluded that none preventive method was able to inhibit dental wear. The treatments L/F and F+L showed lower enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Reis Derceli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n - Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Topcuoglu T, Oksayan R, Ademci KE, Goymen M, Usumez S, Usumez A. Effects of Water Flow Rate on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bracket Bonded to Enamel Surface After Er:YAG Laser Ablation. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:486-91. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Juntavee A, Juntavee N, Peerapattana J, Nualkaew N, Sutthisawat S. Comparison of Marginal Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Restorations in Primary Molars Prepared by Chemo-mechanical Caries Removal (CMCR), Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser and Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 6:75-9. [PMID: 25206196 PMCID: PMC4086587 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is important to emphasize that the aspects of pretreatment techniques, as well as the composition and mechanism of adhesion, may decisively influence the effectiveness of the restorative materials in sealing cavity margins and preventing marginal leakage. Aims: This study assessed the in vitro influence of surface preparation techniques on the microleakage of glass ionomer restorations in primary teeth. Materials and methods: The study groups were divided into three different techniques: (1) The chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) method using the Apacaries gel, (2) the erbium:yttrium aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser method and (3) the atraumatic restorative technique (ART). The teeth restored with a glass ionomer restorative material (Fuji IX GP capsule, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The dye penetration was measured in micrometers using a polarized light microscope and specific computer software. Results: The results showed that the mean microleakage level after was lowest with the CMCR method using Apacaries gel and highest with the Er:YAG laser. There was a statistically significant difference regarding the mean microleakage level between the group with the CMCR method using Apacaries gel and the Er:YAG laser. Conclusion: Marginal leakage was significantly higher with preparations made using the Er:YAG laser than with the CMCR method using Apacaries gel and spoon excavator (p < 0.05). How to cite this article: Juntavee A, Juntavee N, Peerapattana J, Nualkaew N, Sutthisawat S. Comparison of Marginal Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Restorations in Primary Molars Prepared by Chemomechanical Caries Removal (CMCR), Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser and Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(2):75-79.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apa Juntavee
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, e-mail:
| | - Niwut Juntavee
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Jomjai Peerapattana
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Nartsajee Nualkaew
- Lecturer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Sitikorn Sutthisawat
- Dental Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Borsatto MC, Martinelli MG, Contente MMMG, Mellara TDS, Pecora JD, Galo R. Bond Durability of Er:YAG Laser-Prepared Primary Tooth Enamel. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:330-4. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro the influence of thermocycling and water storage (WS) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin in cavities prepared in primary tooth enamel with conventional bur or Er:YAG laser. The test surfaces were obtained from 48 primary molars and randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=24), according to cavity preparation: A: bur-preparation and B: Er:YAG laser irradiation. The specimens were restored with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system and composite resin. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n=6) according to WS duration and number of thermal cycles (TCs): I: 24 h WS/no thermocycling; II: 7 days WS/500 TCs; III: 1 month WS/2,000 TCs; IV: 6 months WS/12,000 TCs. The specimens were tested to failure in shear strength at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. SBS means (S.D.) in MPa were: AI: 17.45 (2.03), AII:16.38 (1.49), AIII: 6.88 (0.66), AIV: 7.77 (1.53), BI: 12.32 (0.99), BII: 15.37 (2.24), BIII: 15.05 (2.01) and BIV-5.51 (1.01). WS duration and number of TCs influenced significantly the SBS values only for BIV (p<0.05). AI presented the highest SBS value, which was statistically similar to those of AII, BII and BIII. In conclusion, the adhesion of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to Er:YAG laser-irradiated primary tooth enamel was affected by the methods used to simulate degradation of the adhesive interface only when 6 months WS/12,000 TCs were employed.
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Evaluation of acquired acid resistance of enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets irradiated by laser and fluoride application. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1793-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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DE MEDEIROS R, DE LIMA T, GOUVEIA C, DE SOUSA F. Water loss at normal enamel histological points during air drying at room temperature. J Microsc 2013; 250:218-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.C.G. DE MEDEIROS
- Master Program in Dentistry; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa, Paraiba Brazil
| | - T.A.S. DE LIMA
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Biological Image; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa, Paraiba Brazil
| | - C.R. GOUVEIA
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Biological Image; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa, Paraiba Brazil
| | - F.B. DE SOUSA
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Biological Image; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa, Paraiba Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Health Science Center; Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa, Paraiba Brazil
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Liu Y, Hsu CYS, Teo CMJ, Teoh SH. Subablative Er:YAG Laser Effect on Enamel Demineralization. Caries Res 2013; 47:63-8. [PMID: 23128033 DOI: 10.1159/000343573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
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Liu Y, Hsu CY, Teo C, Teoh S. Potential Mechanism for the Laser-Fluoride Effect on Enamel Demineralization. J Dent Res 2012; 92:71-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512466412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced prevention of dental caries has been studied extensively. However, the cariostatic mechanisms of a combined fluoride-laser treatment are not well-understood. Using micro- computed tomography (micro-CT), we quantified the effect of fluoride and/or Er:YAG laser treatment on enamel demineralization. The mean mineral loss (%/V) for each group was 4,870 ± 1,434 (fluoride followed by laser treatment), 6,341 ± 2,204 (laser treatment), 7,669 ± 2,255 (fluoride treatment), and 10,779 ± 2,936 (control). The preventive effect of the laser ( p < 0.001) and fluoride ( p = 0.010) treatment was statistically significant. Characterized by micro-x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the significant contraction in the a-axis after both laser and combined laser/fluoride treatment was revealed (both p < 0.05). In conclusion, subablative low-energy Er:YAG laser irradiation following fluoride treatment may instantaneously transform enamel hydroxyapatite into fluoridated hydroxyapatite to reduce enamel solubility as a preventive treatment for enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive, National University of Singapore
| | - C.-Y.S. Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 11 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119083
| | - C.M.J. Teo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - S.H. Teoh
- Division Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
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Yung FYW, Gutknecht N, Franzen R, Fischer H. Shear strength of composite bonded to Er:YAG laser-prepared enamel: an in vitro comparative study. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:879-89. [PMID: 22855382 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary objective of this study is to investigate the adhesion properties between four current generations of bonding systems and enamel surface conditioned by Er:YAG laser, using an energy density comparable to the ablation threshold of enamel. By including an energy density comparable to published adhesion studies, the secondary objective is to compare the adhesion effects of these selected laser conditioning parameters on enamel with other similar published studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Buccal sides of randomly selected human molars (N=117) were prepared and divided into nine experimental groups depending on the generations of bonding system represented by the corresponding number (G4, G5, G6, G7) and the additional laser conditioning on the enamel surface represented by laser etch (LE) and laser etch with a higher pulse energy, followed by acid etch (AE), if required. The bonding resin systems and their specific requirements were applied after the enamel surfaces were laser conditioned following a specific set of laser parameters. Composite posts of 1.6 mm in diameter and approximately 6 mm in length were then restored on each of the sample surfaces. After 48 h, the composite assemblies were tested to failure under compression using a knife edge loading head at a cross head speed of 1 mm/min until the composite cylinders were separated from the surface. The data collected were then analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and SAS software program (9.1, TS1M3). RESULTS No significant difference was found among these groups: AE+G4/LEAE+G4, G6/LE+G6, and G7/LE+G7. Significant differences were found in the remaining groups: AE+G5/LEAE+G5, AE+G5/LEAE-H+G5, and LEAE+G5/LEAE-H+G5. The bond strength results were compared among similar published data and possible influences from different laser parameters, bonding systems, and their combined impact on the enamel surface and its adhesion properties were analyzed. CONCLUSION Under our specific settings, additional laser conditioning after phosphoric acid etch is beneficial to one generation of bonding resin (G5). There is no significant change or detrimental effect to the other three groups (G4, G6, and G7) of bonding resins with respect to their final bond strength. The published reports of lower bond strength after additional laser conditioning may be related to thermal damage or unfavorable alteration to the enamel surface by excessive laser energy and the chemistry of bonding systems studied. These factors will affect the overall wettability and the subsequent adhesion properties of the enamel surface.
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Geraldo-Martins VR, Lepri CP, Palma-Dibb RG. Influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on enamel caries prevention. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:33-9. [PMID: 22350424 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sancakli HS, Erdemir U, Yildiz E. Effects of Er:YAG laser and air abrasion on the microleakage of a resin-based fissure sealant material. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:485-92. [PMID: 21306230 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different surface pre-treatment techniques on the microleakage of a resin-based fissure sealant material. METHODS Thirty-five molars were divided into the following seven groups based on the surface pre-treatment technique used: (a) Erbium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) laser (7 W); (b) Er:YAG laser (7 W)+acid etching (with 37% phosphoric acid); (c) Er:YAG laser (5.5 W); (d) Er:YAG laser (5.5 W)+acid etching; (e) air abrasion+acid etching; (f) air abrasion; and (g) conventional acid etching. The sealant was placed according to the manufacturers' instructions and light-cured for 20 sec. The sealed teeth were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles (5°-55°C), then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 24 h and sectioned mesiodistally. Each section was analyzed and photographed using a light microscope. Microleakage was assessed quantitatively by the degree of dye penetration and also qualitatively, scored on a three-point rating scale. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Regardless of the fissure morphology and penetration depth, enamel surfaces conditioned with Er:YAG laser irradiation exhibited significantly higher microleakage than those conditioned with air abrasion followed by acid etching, and those conditioned with conventional acid etching (p < 0.05). Air abrasion followed by acid etching, as well as conventional acid etching, provided a sufficient seal, whereas laser irradiation alone or in combination with acid etching exhibited higher microleakage than did the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Conventional acid etching remains the most effective and the simplest technique.
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A sandwich model for engineering cartilage with acellular cartilage sheets and chondrocytes. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2265-73. [PMID: 21194746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acellular cartilage can provide a native extracellular matrix for cartilage engineering. However, it is difficult for cells to migrate into acellular cartilage because of its non-porous structure. The aim of this study is to establish a sandwich model for engineering cartilage with acellular cartilage sheets and chondrocytes. Cartilage from adult pig ear was cut into a circular cylinder with a diameter of approximately 6 mm and freeze-sectioned at thicknesses of 10 μm and 30 μm. The sheets were then decellularized and lyophilized. Chondrocytes isolated from newborn pig ear were expanded for 2 passages. The acellular sheets and chondrocytes were then stacked layer-by-layer, in a sandwich model, and cultured in dishes. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the constructs were then either maintained in culture for another 12 weeks or implanted subcutaneously in nude mouse. Histological analysis showed that cells were completely removed from cartilage sheets after decellularization. By re-seeding cells and stacking 20 layers of sheets together, a cylinder-shaped cell sheet was achieved. Cartilage-like tissues formed after 4 weeks of culture. Histological analyses showed the formation of cartilage with a typical lacunar structure. Cartilage formation was more efficient with 10 μm-thick sheets than with 30 μm sheets. Mature cartilage was achieved after 12 weeks of implantation, which was demonstrated by histology and confirmed by Safranin O, Toluidine blue and anti-type II collagen antibody staining. Furthermore, we achieved cartilage with a designed shape by pre-shaping the sheets prior to implantation. These results indicate that the sandwich model could be a useful model for engineering cartilage in vitro and in vivo.
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Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Contreras-Bulnes R, Sánchez-Flores I, Samano EC. Acid Resistance and Structural Changes of Human Dental Enamel Treated with Er:YAG Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:207-11. [PMID: 19803725 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, C.P. 50130, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, C.P. 50130, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Flores
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, School of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, C.P. 50130, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Enrique Cuauhtémoc Samano
- Center of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology of the Autonomous National University of Mexico, Km. 107 Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
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Moslemi M, Erfanparast L, Fekrazad R, Tadayon N, Tadayon N, Dadjo H, Shadkar MM, Khalili Z. The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and air abrasion on shear bond strength of a fissure sealant to enamel. J Am Dent Assoc 2010; 141:157-61. [PMID: 20123873 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the shear bond strength of a fissure sealant to enamel pretreated with erbium,chromium:yttrium, scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser or air abrasion followed by acid etching. METHODS The authors sectioned extracted sound premolars mesiodistally and used the buccal and lingual surfaces for experimental analysis. They divided specimens randomly into three groups of 15 each according to the enamel surface pretreatment methods: group A, 37 percent phosphoric acid; group B, air abrasion followed by acid etching with 37 percent phosphoric acid; group C, irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser followed by acid etching with 37 percent phosphoric acid. After applying a bonding system, the authors bonded cylinders of sealant to the enamel surfaces by using transparent gelatin tubes (0.7 millimeter in diameter and 1 mm in height) and then polymerized them. They stored all specimens in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. They tested shear bond strength by using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm per second. The authors analyzed the data by means of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests (alpha = .05). RESULTS The bond strength of group B specimens was statistically higher than those of group A and group C specimens (P < .05). The authors found no statistically significant differences in shear bond strength between surfaces treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and those treated with acid etching alone (P > .05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment of enamel surfaces with air abrasion increased the bond strength of fissure sealant, but pretreatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser did not increase the effectiveness of conventional acid etching of enamel in sealant bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moslemi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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Salmos J, Gerbi MEMM, Braz R, Andrade ESS, Vasconcelos BCE, Bessa-Nogueira RV. Methodological quality of systematic reviews analyzing the use of laser therapy in restorative dentistry. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:127-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Souza-Gabriel AE, Chinelatti MA, Borsatto MC, Pécora JD, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SAM. SEM analysis of enamel surface treated by Er:YAG laser: influence of irradiation distance. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 71:536-41. [PMID: 18512739 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depending on the distance of laser tip to dental surface a specific morphological pattern should be expected. However, there have been limited reports that correlate the Er:YAG irradiation distance with dental morphology. PURPOSE To assess the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation distance on enamel morphology, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Sixty human third molars were employed to obtain discs (approximately =1 mm thick) that were randomly assigned to six groups (n=10). Five groups received Er:YAG laser irradiation (80 mJ/2 Hz) for 20 s, according to the irradiation distance: 11, 12, 14, 16, or 17 mm and the control group was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s. The laser-irradiated discs were bisected. One hemi-disc was separated for superficial analysis without subsequent acid etching, and the other one, received the phosphoric acid for 15 s. Samples were prepared for SEM. RESULTS Laser irradiation at 11 and 12 mm provided an evident ablation of enamel, with evident fissures and some fused areas. At 14, 16 and 17 mm the superficial topography was flatter than in the other distances. The subsequent acid etching on the lased-surface partially removed the disorganized tissue. CONCLUSIONS Er:YAG laser in defocused mode promoted slight morphological alterations and seems more suitable for enamel conditioning than focused irradiation. The application of phosphoric acid on lased-enamel surface, regardless of the irradiation distance, decreased the superficial irregularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lepri TP, Souza-Gabriel AE, Atoui JA, Palma-Dibb RG, Pécora JD, Milori Corona SA. Shear bond strength of a sealant to contaminated-enamel surface: influence of erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser pretreatment. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2009; 20:386-92; discussion 393-4. [PMID: 19120785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2008.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary contamination is one of the factors that can disturb the sealing process and interfere in the longevity of pit and fissure sealants. Erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er : YAG) laser could influence the bond strength of enamel and increase the acid resistance. PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of Er : YAG laser on the shear bond strength of a sealant to a salivary contaminated enamel surface. METHODS Twenty-four third molars had the roots sectioned 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were mesiodistally sectioned providing 48 halves that were embedded in polyester resin. Enamel was flattened and a 2-mm diameter bonding area was demarcated. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups according to the superficial pretreatment-37% phosphoric acid (A) and Er : YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) + phosphoric acid (L), which were subdivided into two groups (N = 12), without salivary contamination (C) and with salivary contamination (SC). To contaminate the specimens, 0.25 mL of human fresh saliva was applied for 20 seconds and then dried. Fluroshield sealant was applied in all specimens. After storage, shear bond strength of samples were tested in a universal testing machine. RESULTS Means in MPa were: AC-14.61 (+/-2.52); ASC-6.66 (+/-2.34); LC-11.91 (+/-1.34); and LSC-2.22 (+/-0.66). Statistical analysis revealed that surfaces without salivary contamination and with acid treatment had the highest mean (p < 0.05). The group with salivary contamination treated by Er : YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid application presented the lowest bond values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The phosphoric acid etching under dry condition yielded better bonding performance. Er : YAG laser was not able to increase the effectiveness of conventional acid etching of enamel in the bond of sealants in both dry and wet conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under the conditions of this study, the conventional etching protocol (phosphoric acid without salivary contamination) is still preferable to laser-conditioning enamel surface prior to sealant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paolo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Borsatto MC, Torres CP, Chinelatti MA, Pécora JD, Corona SAM, Palma-Dibb RG. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Parameters on Ablation Capacity and Morphology of Primary Enamel. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:253-60. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Paes Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michele Alexandra Chinelatti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jesus Djalma Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Pediatrics, Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Chimello DT, Serra MC, Rodrigues AL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Influence of cavity preparation with Er:YAG Laser on enamel adjacent to restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ: A polarized light microscopic analysis. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:634-43. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Microleakage of glass ionomer formulations after erbium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet laser preparation. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 25:171-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Amaral FLB, Colucci V, Souza-Gabriel AE, Chinelatti MA, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SAM. Bond durability in erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser-irradiated enamel. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 25:155-63. [PMID: 18685884 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the influence of thermocycling and water storage on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin bonded to erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG)-irradiated and bur-prepared enamel. Eighty bovine incisors were selected and sectioned. Specimens were ground to produce a flat enamel surface. Samples were randomly assigned according to cavity preparation device: (I) Er:YAG laser and (II) high-speed turbine, and were subsequently restored with composite resin. They were subdivided according to the duration of water storage (WS)/number of thermocycles (TCs): 24 h WS/no TCs; 7 days WS/500 TCs; 1 month WS/2,000 TCs; 6 months WS/12,000 TCs. The teeth were sectioned into 1.0 mm(2)-thick slabs and subjected to tensile stress in a universal testing machine. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a 0.05 significance level. The different periods of water storage and thermocycling did not influence the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) values in the Er:YAG laser-prepared groups. In bur-prepared enamel, the group submitted to 12,000 TCs/6 months' WS (IID) showed a significant decrease in bond strength values when compared to the group stored in water for 24 h and not submitted to thermocycling (IIA), but values were statistically similar to those obtained in all Er:YAG laser groups and in the bur- prepared groups degraded with 500 TCs/1 week WS (IIB) or 2,000 TCs/1 month WS (IIC). It may be concluded that adhesion of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel was not affected by the methods used to simulate degradation of the adhesive interface and was similar to adhesion in the bur-prepared groups in all periods of water storage and thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L B Amaral
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904 São Paulo, Brazi.
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Chimello DT, Serra MC, Rodrigues-Júnior AL, Pécora JD, Corona SA. Influence of Er:YAG Laser on Microhardness of Enamel Adjacent to Restorations Submitted to Cariogenic Challengein Situ. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:379-85. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela T. Chimello
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica C. Serra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Rodrigues-Júnior
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesus D. Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara A.M. Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Esteves-Oliveira M, Zezell DM, Apel C, Turbino ML, Aranha ACC, Eduardo CDP, Gutknecht N. Bond strength of self-etching primer to bur cut, Er,Cr:YSGG, and Er:YAG lased dental surfaces. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 25:373-80. [PMID: 17975950 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of a self-etching primer system to enamel and dentin surfaces treated with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. BACKGROUND DATA The recently introduced self-etching primer systems have been shown to adhere better to dental surfaces with thin or no smear layers. Moreover, there have been no previous reports on the bond strength of these adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated enamel and dentin, which have been shown to be free of a smear layer. METHODS Thirty samples of enamel and thirty of dentin were divided into three groups. The first group of each substrate served as a control with a standardized bur cut, and the other two groups were conditioned with Er:YAG (350 mJ, 10 Hz, 20 J/cm(2) for enamel; 300 mJ, 6 Hz, 17 J/cm(2) for dentin) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (125 mJ, 20 Hz, 16 J/cm(2) for both substrates). After the bonding procedure, samples were restored with composite resin, and the tensile bond strength test was performed. RESULTS The ANOVA two-way analysis and the Tukey test at 5% significance level showed that for enamel and dentin, the bond strength values were statistically higher in Er:YAG-laser treated than in Er,Cr:YSGG-laser treated surfaces (p = 0.0001). However, bond strength means for both laser-irradiated groups were statistically lower than for the bur cut group (Er:YAG: p = 0.0281 and Er,Cr:YSGG: p < 0.0001). SEM observation of laser-irradiated surfaces revealed a roughened aspect and absence of smear layer. CONCLUSIONS The self-etching system adhesion was influenced by the type of erbium laser used, and the bond strength was higher in the Er:YAG-laser irradiated than in the Er,Cr:YSGG-laser irradiated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry (ZPP), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany.
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Corona SAM, Souza-Gabriel AE, Chinelatti MA, Pécora JD, Borsatto MC, Palma-Dibb RG. Influence of energy and pulse repetition rate of Er:YAG laser on enamel ablation ability and morphological analysis of the laser-irradiated surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:569-75. [PMID: 17618484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of energy and pulse repetition rate of Er:YAG laser on the enamel ablation ability and substrate morphology. METHODS Fifteen crowns of molars were sectioned in four fragments, providing 60 samples, which were ground to flatten the enamel surface. The initial mass was obtained by weighing the fragments. The specimens were hydrated for 1 h, fixed, and a 3-mm-diameter area was delimited. Twelve groups were randomly formed according to the combination of laser energies (200, 250, 300, or 350 mJ) and pulse repetition rates (2, 3, or 4 Hz). The final mass was obtained and mass loss was calculated by the difference between the initial and final mass. The specimens were prepared for SEM. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Scheffé test. RESULTS The 4 Hz frequency resulted in higher mass loss and was statistically different from 2 and 3 Hz (p < 0.05). The increase of frequency produced more melted areas, cracks, and unselective and deeper ablation. The 350 mJ energy promoted greater mass loss, similar to 300 mJ. CONCLUSIONS The pulse repetition rate influenced more intensively the mass loss and morphological alteration. Among the tested parameters, 350 mJ/3 Hz improved the ability of enamel ablation with less surface morphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, S/N Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-904, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kolmas J, Slósarczyk A, Wojtowicz A, Kolodziejski W. Estimation of the specific surface area of apatites in human mineralized tissues using 31P MAS NMR. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2007; 32:53-8. [PMID: 17913475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Specific surface areas of apatites in whole human mineralized tissues were estimated from (31)P MAS NMR linewidths: 77 m(2)g(-1) for enamel and 94 m(2)g(-1) for dentin, dental cementum and cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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Maung NL, Wohland T, Hsu CYS. Enamel diffusion modulated by Er:YAG laser. J Dent 2007; 35:787-93. [PMID: 17869402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies have demonstrated the caries protective effect of lasers by strengthening enamel crystalline structure. However, the effect of laser on enamel diffusion (ED) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the laser-induced alteration of diffusion coefficients (DC) in enamel using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). METHODS Eleven caries-free enamel sections were characterized morphologically using stereomicroscopy, polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, before and after laser treatment with Er:YAG laser 50 mJ x 5 s x 5 Hz. With 20 microM fluorescein, DCs were measured (n=11) by FRAP coupled with confocal microscopy. RESULTS The DCs measured were 2.89+/-0.61 x 10(-7)cm(2)/s and 4.076+/-0.73 x 10(-7)cm(2)/s, at the lased and unlased areas, respectively (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study has confirmed the reduction of ED as a potential mechanism involved in laser-induced caries prevention. FRAP was demonstrated to be a promising technique for evaluating diffusion-related phenomenon in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Maung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Castellan CS, Luiz AC, Bezinelli LM, Lopes RMG, Mendes FM, De P Eduardo C, De Freitas PM. in vitroEvaluation of Enamel Demineralization after Er:YAG and Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on Primary Teeth. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:85-90. [PMID: 17508842 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study evaluated the influence of both Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on deciduous enamel demineralization. BACKGROUND DATA Although there are still few studies on the use of the high-intensity laser for caries prevention in deciduous teeth, it is believed that its use on the dental structure can lead to a more acid-resistant surface. METHODS Forty enamel samples obtained from 22 deciduous first molar teeth were ground and randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): group 1 (G1), no treatment (negative control); G2, fluoride (positive control); G3, Er:YAG laser (2 Hz, 60 mJ, 40.3 J/cm(2)); G4, Nd:YAG laser (80 mJ, 10 Hz, 0.8 W). After the surface treatment, the samples were submitted to an acid challenge that consisted of a 5-day immersion in demineralizing (3 h) and remineralizing solution (21 h). Next, a microhardness test was preformed. RESULTS Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman Keuls tests were performed (alpha = 5%). The percentage of lesion inhibition for each group was as follows: G2, 59.4%; G3, 35.7%; and G4, 40.4%. As regards the percentage loss of mineral volume, there was no statistical difference between groups G2 (444.37 +/- 146.42) and G3 (441.81 +/- 207.08) when compared with group G1 (281.03 +/- 134.57). All experimental groups presented a lower mineral loss compared with the non-irradiated samples (G4). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study revealed that both Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers can be an alternative tool for enhancing deciduous enamel acid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina S Castellan
- Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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