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Al-Omary MS, Williams T, Brienesse SC, Khan A, Graffen S, Sheehan A, Doolan M, Walker R, Boyle AJ, Mejia R, Collins N. Impact of Delay in Surgery on Outcome in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Revascularisation Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:888-895. [PMID: 33199183 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of critical coronary artery disease, including after acute coronary syndrome presentation (ACS), represents an important indication for early coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The study aims to investigate the influence of time from diagnosis to CABG on outcomes and document barriers to early revascularisation. METHODS All patients 18 years and older with an acute presentation due to ACS or critical coronary artery disease who were considered to require urgent inpatient cardiac surgery between January 2016-February 2019 were included in the study. The primary endpoints were 30-day all-cause mortality or readmission, 1-year all-cause mortality, all-cause readmission. The secondary endpoint was the rate of complications while waiting for surgery. The time duration between diagnostic coronary angiography and surgery was considered as the time interval. RESULTS Of 266 eligible patients, 251 underwent surgical revascularisation with 15 (6%) not undergoing surgery due to preoperative complications (n=12) or due to perceived prohibitively high surgical risk (n=3). The majority (85%) were male (mean age 67 years), 37% of patients had diabetes and 71% had hypertension. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction was documented in 51% of the patients. The median time between diagnosis and inpatient CABG was 7 days (IQR 5-11). Thirty-five per cent (35%) of patients experienced complications while awaiting surgery. Of the 266 patients, 140 patients (53% - cohort 1) underwent surgery within 7 days. The cohort 1 rate of complications was lower than in cohort 2 (surgery after 7 days) (24 vs 47%, p<0.001). Moreover, 1-year mortality was less in cohort 1 (2 vs 8%, p=0.029). CONCLUSION In patients requiring urgent inpatient CABG, delay for more than 7 days is associated with a higher rate of in-hospital complications and worse 30 day and 12-month outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Al-Omary
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. https://twitter.com/alomarymsami
| | - Trent Williams
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Arshad Khan
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Graffen
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ayrton Sheehan
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira Doolan
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhonda Walker
- Cardiac and Stroke Outcome Unit, Hunter New England Area Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Boyle
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosauro Mejia
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Takata K, Imaizumi S, Zhang B, Miura SI, Saku K. Stabilization of high-risk plaques. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6:304-21. [PMID: 27500090 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2015.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) is increasing globally and they have become the leading cause of death in most countries. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to identify major risk factors and effective control strategies for ASCVDs. The development of imaging modalities with the ability to determine the plaque composition enables us to further identify high-risk plaque and evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment strategies. While intensive lipid-lowering by statins can stabilize or even regress plaque by various mechanisms, such as the reduction of lipid accumulation in a necrotic lipid core, the reduction of inflammation, and improvement of endothelial function, there are still considerable residual risks that need to be understood. We reviewed important findings regarding plaque vulnerability and some encouraging emerging approaches for plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Ha YM, Park EJ, Kang YJ, Park SW, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Valsartan independent of AT₁ receptor inhibits tissue factor, TLR-2 and -4 expression by regulation of Egr-1 through activation of AMPK in diabetic conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2031-43. [PMID: 25109475 PMCID: PMC4244018 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a severe risk of atherothrombosis. Early growth response (Egr)-1 is well characterized as a central mediator in vascular pathophysiology. We tested whether valsartan independent of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can reduce tissue factor (TF) and toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4 by regulating Egr-1 in THP-1 cells and aorta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. High glucose (HG, 15 mM) increased expressions of Egr-1, TF, TLR-2 and -4 which were significantly reduced by valsartan. HG increased Egr-1 expression by activation of PKC and ERK1/2 in THP-1 cells. Valsartan increased AMPK phosphorylation in a concentration and time-dependent manner via activation of LKB1. Valsartan inhibited Egr-1 without activation of PKC or ERK1/2. The reduced expression of Egr-1 by valsartan was reversed by either silencing Egr-1, or compound C, or DN-AMPK-transfected cells. Valsartan inhibited binding of NF-κB and Egr-1 to TF promoter in HG condition. Furthermore, valsartan reduced inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) production and NF-κB activity in HG-activated THP-1 cells. Interestingly, these effects of valsartan were not affected by either silencing AT1R in THP-1 cells or CHO cells, which were devoid of AT1R. Importantly, administration of valsartan (20 mg/kg, i.p) for 8 weeks significantly reduced plasma TF activity, expression of Egr-1, TLR-2, -4 and TF in thoracic aorta and improved glucose tolerance of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, we concluded that valsartan may reduce atherothrombosis in diabetic conditions through AMPK/Egr-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Fernández de Bobadilla J, Sanz de Burgoa V, Garrido Morales P, López de Sá E. [Cardiovascular risk in Spanish smokers compared to non-smokers: RETRATOS study]. Aten Primaria 2011; 43:595-603. [PMID: 21420200 PMCID: PMC7025142 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the level of cardiovascular risk in smokers seenin Primary Care clinics. DESIGN Epidemiologic, cross-sectional and multicentre study. SETTING Primary Care. PATIENTS Every investigator included 4 consecutive patients (3 smokers, 1 non-smoker) aged 35-50 years, who came to the clinic for any reason. A total of 2,184 patients were included; 2,124 (1,597 smokers; 527 non-smokers) were evaluated and 60 patients were excluded because they did not meet with selection criteria. MEASUREMENTS The 10-year risk of suffering from a fatal cardiovascular disease (CVDR) was calculated according to the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) model. The 10-year lethal CVR according SCORE model, was classified as: very high (> 15%), high (10-14%), slightly high (5-9%), average (3-4%), low (2%), very low (1%) and negligible (< 1%). A logistical regression model was used to estimate the relationship between smoking and prior cardiovascular events. RESULTS 10-year fatal CVDR according to the SCORE model was significantly higher in smokers (40±5.3) vs. non-smokers (1.9±2.5) (P<.0001). RISK STRATIFICATION low (< 3%) [78.0% non-smokers vs. 60.7% smokers (P<.0001)]; intermediate (3-5%) [11.1% non-smokers vs. 12.6% smokers (P<.001)]; high (> 5%) [10.9% non-smokers vs. 26.7% smokers (P<.001)]. The logistical regression model showed that non-smokers vs. smokers had less probability of suffering myocardial infarction (OR 0.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.1-0.8; P<.0001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0; P=.0180) and chronic obstructive lung disease (OR 0.18; 95% CI: 0.1-0.2; P=.0507). CONCLUSIONS Smoking is related to a high risk of fatal cardiovascular disease. Active promotion in Primary Care clinics of measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of the smoking habit would lead to a lowering of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricio Garrido Morales
- Unidad de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Comunitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Esteban López de Sá
- Unidad de Cuidados Agudos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
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Tousoulis D, Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Paroutoglou K, Stefanadis C. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting vascular endothelium in essential hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:1395-412. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.522989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Opstad TB, Pettersen AA, Weiss T, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. Gender differences of polymorphisms in the TF and TFPI genes, as related to phenotypes in patients with coronary heart disease and type-2 diabetes. Thromb J 2010; 8:7. [PMID: 20444258 PMCID: PMC2882354 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor (TF) and its inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) are the main regulators of the initiation of the coagulation process, important in atherothrombosis. In this study we have investigated the frequency of six known TF and TFPI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHD patients as compared to healthy individuals. These genotypes and the phenotypes (TF, TFPI free and total antigen) were evaluated with special reference to gender and diabetes in the CHD population. Methods Patients with angiographically verified CHD (n = 1001; 22% women, 20% diabetics), and 204 healthy controls (28% women), were included. The investigated SNPs were: TF -1812C/T and TF -603A/G in the 5'upstream region, TF 5466A/G in intron 2, TFPI -399C/T and TFPI -287T/C in the 5'upstream region and the TFPI -33T/C in intron 7. Results No significant differences in frequencies between the CHD population and the controls of any polymorphisms were observed. In the CHD population, the TF 5466 A/G SNP were significantly more frequent in women as compared to men (p < 0.001). The TF-1812C/T and the TF-603A/G SNPs were significantly more frequent in women without type-2 diabetes compared to those with diabetes (p < 0.018, both), and the heterozygous genotypes were associated with significantly lower TF plasma levels compared to the homozygous genotypes (p < 0.02, both). The TFPI-399C/T and the TFPI-33T/C SNPs were associated with lower and higher TFPI total antigen levels, respectively (p < 0.001, both). Conclusion Genetic variations in the TF and TFPI genes seem to be associated with gender and type-2 diabetes, partly affecting their respective phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.
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Pacheco YM, Bermúdez B, López S, Abia R, Villar J, Muriana FJG. Ratio of oleic to palmitic acid is a dietary determinant of thrombogenic and fibrinolytic factors during the postprandial state in men. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2006; 84:342-9. [PMID: 16895881 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of dietary fats affects the postprandial activation of the hemostatic system. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the ratio of oleic to palmitic acid [and that of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids (MUFA:SFA)] in the diet affects postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerols, tissue factor (TF), fibrinogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). DESIGN We studied the effects of diets enriched in olive oil (ROO), high-palmitic sunflower oil (HPSO), butter, or a mixture of vegetable and fish oils (VEFO) on circulating concentrations of the aforementioned factors in 14 healthy men. The fats had ratios of oleic to palmitic acid (MUFA:SFA) of 6.83 (5.43), 2.36 (2.42), 0.82 (0.48), and 13.81 (7.08). RESULTS The largest and longest-lasting postprandial changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were found with the butter-based diet (all P < 0.05). No correlation was observed between the net incremental area under the curve (netAUC) for triacylglycerol and the ratio of oleic to palmitic acid (or MUFA:SFA) in the dietary fats. The netAUCs for TF and PAI-1, however, were inversely related to the ratio of oleic to palmitic acid (and MUFA:SFA) in ROO, HPSO, butter, and VEFO. Similar results were found for the fibrinogen netAUC when VEFO was omitted from the analysis. The netAUC for t-PA was inversely correlated with postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerol. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial concentrations of TF, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 are associated with the ratio of oleic to palmitic acid (MUFA:SFA) in dietary fats. The postprandial t-PA response is related to postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M Pacheco
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain
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Pacheco YM, Bermúdez B, López S, Abia R, Villar J, Muriana FJG. Ratio of oleic to palmitic acid is a dietary determinant of thrombogenic and fibrinolytic factors during the postprandial state in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.2.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M Pacheco
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
| | - Beatriz Bermúdez
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
| | - Sergio López
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
| | - Rocío Abia
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
| | - José Villar
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
| | - Francisco JG Muriana
- From Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain (YMP, BB, SL, RA, and FJGM), and the Service of Internal Medicine, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain (JV)
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Kuchulakanti PK, Torguson R, Canos D, Rha SW, Chu WW, Clavijo L, Deible R, Gevorkian N, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Waksman R. Impact of treatment of coronary artery disease with sirolimus-eluting stents on outcomes of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:1100-6. [PMID: 16214445 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for repeat interventions and mortality after coronary angioplasty and stenting. The efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) to improve the outcomes of these patients is a focus of interest. In the first 1,407 patients treated with SESs at our institution, 492 were diabetic (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM], n = 160 and non-insulin-dependent DM [NIDDM], n = 332). The in-hospital and 1- and 6-month clinical outcomes were compared with those of 915 patients without DM (non-DM). The baseline characteristics were similar, except for more women, obesity, previous myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, and renal insufficiency in the DM group (p <0.001). Compared with non-DM patients, DM patients had higher in-hospital (p <0.05) and 1-month mortality (p = 0.02). IDDM patients had more in-hospital renal failure (p = 0.04) and Q-wave myocardial infarctions (1.6% vs 0%, p = 0.04) compared with NIDDM patients, and higher mortality (3.1% vs 0.8%, p = 0.04) and subacute stent thromboses (2.3% vs 0.5%, p = 0.07) than non-DM patients at 30 days. At 6 months, DM patients had a higher incidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization-major adverse cardiac events, and composite of death and Q-wave myocardial infarction than non-DM patients (6.0% vs 2.7%, p = 0.01). Late outcomes between the IDDM and NIDDM groups were similar. Multivariate analysis showed diabetes and acute renal failure as independent predictors of target lesion revascularization-major adverse cardiac events. In conclusion, our data showed that, despite a reduction in repeat revascularization, coronary intervention with SESs in diabetic patients is limited by higher mortality at 1 month and a higher incidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization-major adverse cardiac events at 6 months compared with non-DM patients. Careful surveillance is required in IDDM patients undergoing SES implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Kuchulakanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Moreno PR, Fuster V. New aspects in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:2293-300. [PMID: 15607389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 05/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, resulting from the interaction of obesity, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. Activated immunity and cytokine production lead to insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome, establishing the link between diabetes and atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is mediated by increased oxidative stress, a promoter of adventitial inflammation and vasa vasorum neovascularization in experimental models of diabetic atherosclerosis. Recent studies have documented increased inflammation, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage in human diabetic atherosclerosis. This inflammatory microangiopathic process is independently associated with plaque rupture, leading to coronary thrombosis. Tissue factor, the most potent trigger of the coagulation cascade, is increased in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. Circulating tissue factor microparticles are also associated with apoptosis of plaque macrophages, closing the link among inflammation, plaque rupture, and blood thrombogenicity. High-density lipoproteins, responsible for free cholesterol removal, are reduced in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes. High-density lipoprotein therapy leads to a significant decrease in plaque macrophages and increase in smooth-muscle cells. These beneficial effects may be responsible for coronary plaque stabilization in patients treated with recombinant Apolipoprotein A-I Milano/phospholipid complex. Finally, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are now considered the nuclear transcriptional regulators of atherosclerosis. Three subfamilies, including PPAR-alpha, -delta, and -gamma, have been identified with crucial roles in lipid metabolism, plaque inflammation, expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Multiple experimental studies have documented plaque stabilization with PPAR-gamma agonists, a group of medications holding great promise in the treatment of diabetes atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Moreno
- Zena and Michael Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, PO Box 1030, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Trombosis coronaria recurrente, síndrome antifosfolipídico primario, factor V Leiden y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(04)77230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Angiolillo DJ, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Crea F. La inflamación en los síndromes coronarios agudos: mecanismos e implicaciones clínicas. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(04)77128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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