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Chance DL, Wang W, Waters JK, Mawhinney TP. Insights on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Carbohydrate Binding from Profiles of Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Using Multivalent Fluorescent Glycopolymers Bearing Pendant Monosaccharides. Microorganisms 2024; 12:801. [PMID: 38674745 PMCID: PMC11051836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to frequent, persistent, and, often, polymicrobial respiratory tract infections for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic CF infections lead to bronchiectasis and a shortened lifespan. P. aeruginosa expresses numerous adhesins, including lectins known to bind the epithelial cell and mucin glycoconjugates. Blocking carbohydrate-mediated host-pathogen and intra-biofilm interactions critical to the initiation and perpetuation of colonization offer promise as anti-infective treatment strategies. To inform anti-adhesion therapies, we profiled the monosaccharide binding of P. aeruginosa from CF and non-CF sources, and assessed whether specific bacterial phenotypic characteristics affected carbohydrate-binding patterns. Focusing at the cellular level, microscopic and spectrofluorometric tools permitted the solution-phase analysis of P. aeruginosa binding to a panel of fluorescent glycopolymers possessing distinct pendant monosaccharides. All P. aeruginosa demonstrated significant binding to glycopolymers specific for α-D-galactose, β-D-N-acetylgalactosamine, and β-D-galactose-3-sulfate. In each culture, a small subpopulation accounted for the binding. The carbohydrate anomeric configuration and sulfate ester presence markedly influenced binding. While this opportunistic pathogen from CF hosts presented with various colony morphologies and physiological activities, no phenotypic, physiological, or structural feature predicted enhanced or diminished monosaccharide binding. Important to anti-adhesive therapeutic strategies, these findings suggest that, regardless of phenotype or clinical source, P. aeruginosa maintain a small subpopulation that may readily associate with specific configurations of specific monosaccharides. This report provides insights into whole-cell P. aeruginosa carbohydrate-binding profiles and into the context within which successful anti-adhesive and/or anti-virulence anti-infective agents for CF must contend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Chance
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - James K. Waters
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Thomas P. Mawhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Observations of, and Insights into, Cystic Fibrosis Mucus Heterogeneity in the Pre-Modulator Era: Sputum Characteristics, DNA and Glycoprotein Content, and Solubilization Time. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Airway obstruction with chronic inflammation and infection are major contributors to the lung damage and mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF). A better understanding of the congested milieu of CF airways will aid in improving therapeutic strategies. This article retrospectively reports our observations, and discusses insights gained in the handling and analysis of CF sputa. CF and non-CF mucus samples were surveyed for morphological features by electron microscopy and analyzed for the macromolecular dry weight (MDW), total protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and DNA. Mucus character was investigated with chemical solubilization time as a comparative tool. CF mucus appeared distinctly thick, viscous, and heterogeneous, with neutrophils as the dominant immune cell. CF sputum DNA content varied markedly for and between individuals (~1–10% MDW), as did solubilization times (~1–20 h). CF Sputum DNA up to 7.1% MDW correlated positively with solubilization time, whereas DNA >7.1% MDW correlated negatively. 3D analysis of CF sputa DNA, GP, and solubilization times revealed a dynamic and predictive relationship. Reflecting on the heterogeneous content and character of CF mucus, and the possible interplay in space and time in the respiratory tract of polymeric DNA and mucous glycoproteins, we highlight it’s potential to affect infection-related airway pathologies and the success of therapeutic interventions.
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Groux-Degroote S, Cavdarli S, Uchimura K, Allain F, Delannoy P. Glycosylation changes in inflammatory diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:111-156. [PMID: 31997767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important modifications of proteins and lipids, and cell surface glycoconjugates are thought to play important roles in a variety of biological functions including cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, cell immunogenicity and cell signaling. Alterations of glycosylation are observed in a number of inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to modulate cell surface glycosylation by regulating the expression of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycan chains, inducing the expression of specific carbohydrate antigens at the cell surface that can be recognized by different types of lectins or by bacterial adhesins, contributing to the development of diseases. Glycosylation can also regulate biological functions of immune cells by recruiting leukocytes to inflammation sites with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Cell surface proteoglycans provide a large panel of binding sites for many mediators of inflammation, and regulate their bio-availability and functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the glycosylation changes occurring in mucin type O-linked glycans, glycosaminoglycans, as well as in glycosphingolipids, with a particular focus on cystic fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, and their consequences on cell interactions and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sumeyye Cavdarli
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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Li LF, Liu HB, Zhang QW, Li ZP, Wong TL, Fung HY, Zhang JX, Bai SP, Lu AP, Han QB. Comprehensive comparison of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and G. sinense: chemical, antitumor, immunomodulating and gut-microbiota modulatory properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6172. [PMID: 29670154 PMCID: PMC5906605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and G. sinense (GS) are used as Lingzhi in China. Their functions are assumed to mainly derive from triterpenes and polysaccharides; however, the two species have very different triterpenes profiles, if this was the case, then the bioactivity of these two species should differ. Instead, could the polysaccharides be similar, contributing to the shared therapeutic basis? In this study, two main polysaccharide fractions from different batches of GL and GS were systematically compared by a series of chemical and biological experiments. The results showed that the polysaccharides from two species shared the same structural features in terms of mono-/oligo-saccharide profiles, molecular size, sugar linkages, and IR/NMR spectra. In addition, these polysaccharides showed similar tumor-suppressive activity in mice. Further study on RAW264.7 cells indicated that these polysaccharides exhibited similar inducing effects to macrophages, as evaluated in the phagocytosis function, NO/cytokines production, inhibition against the viability and migration of cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed the identical activation via TLR-4 related MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut-microbiota modulatory effects. In summary, GL and GS polysaccharides presented similar chemical features, antitumor/immunomodulating activities and mechanism; this establishes polysaccharides as the active principles and supports the official use of both species as Lingzhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan-Wei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin-Long Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Yee Fung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Su-Ping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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McDonald AG, Tipton KF, Davey GP. A Knowledge-Based System for Display and Prediction of O-Glycosylation Network Behaviour in Response to Enzyme Knockouts. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004844. [PMID: 27054587 PMCID: PMC4824424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of mucin-type protein, changes to which are important biomarkers of cancer. For this study of the enzymes of O-glycosylation, we developed a shorthand notation for representing GalNAc-linked oligosaccharides, a method for their graphical interpretation, and a pattern-matching algorithm that generates networks of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Software for generating glycans from the enzyme activities is presented, and is also available online. The degree distributions of the resulting enzyme-reaction networks were found to be Poisson in nature. Simple graph-theoretic measures were used to characterise the resulting reaction networks. From a study of in-silico single-enzyme knockouts of each of 25 enzymes known to be involved in mucin O-glycan biosynthesis, six of them, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4Gal-T4), four glycosyltransferases and one sulfotransferase, play the dominant role in determining O-glycan heterogeneity. In the absence of β4Gal-T4, all Lewis X, sialyl-Lewis X, Lewis Y and Sda/Cad glycoforms were eliminated, in contrast to knockouts of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases, which did not affect the relative abundances of O-glycans expressing these epitopes. A set of 244 experimentally determined mucin-type O-glycans obtained from the literature was used to validate the method, which was able to predict up to 98% of the most common structures obtained from human and engineered CHO cell glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. McDonald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P. Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Venkatakrishnan V, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Host mucin glycosylation plays a role in bacterial adhesion in lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:553-76. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.837752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Lewis A, Jones K, Lewis K, Jones S, Lewis P. Detection of Lewis antigen structural change by FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Hussain MRM, Hassan M, Afzal I, Afzal A. Role of Gal and GalNAc containing glycans in various physiological processes. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Chen LM, Blixt O, Stevens J, Lipatov AS, Davis CT, Collins BE, Cox NJ, Paulson JC, Donis RO. In vitro evolution of H5N1 avian influenza virus toward human-type receptor specificity. Virology 2012; 422:105-13. [PMID: 22056389 PMCID: PMC5480292 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of α2-6 sialoside receptor specificity by α2-3 specific highly-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) is thought to be a prerequisite for efficient transmission in humans. By in vitro selection for binding α2-6 sialosides, we identified four variant viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (S227N, D187G, E190G, and Q196R) that revealed modestly increased α2-6 and minimally decreased α2-3 binding by glycan array analysis. However, a mutant virus combining Q196R with mutations from previous pandemic viruses (Q226L and G228S) revealed predominantly α2-6 binding. Unlike the wild type H5N1, this mutant virus was transmitted by direct contact in the ferret model although not by airborne respiratory droplets. However, a reassortant virus with the mutant hemagglutinin, a human N2 neuraminidase and internal genes from an H5N1 virus was partially transmitted via respiratory droplets. The complex changes required for airborne transmissibility in ferrets suggest that extensive evolution is needed for H5N1 transmissibility in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chickens
- Evolution, Molecular
- Ferrets
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza in Birds/transmission
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mutation
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Reassortant Viruses/genetics
- Reassortant Viruses/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Glycan Array Synthesis Core-D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Aleksandr S. Lipatov
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Charles T. Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Brian E. Collins
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Glycan Array Synthesis Core-D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Glycan Array Synthesis Core-D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
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Chen LM, Rivailler P, Hossain J, Carney P, Balish A, Perry I, Davis CT, Garten R, Shu B, Xu X, Klimov A, Paulson JC, Cox NJ, Swenson S, Stevens J, Vincent A, Gramer M, Donis RO. Receptor specificity of subtype H1 influenza A viruses isolated from swine and humans in the United States. Virology 2011; 412:401-10. [PMID: 21333316 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of classical swine influenza viruses receptor specificity preceding the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus was analyzed in glycan microarrays. Classical swine influenza viruses from the α, β, and γ antigenic clusters isolated between 1945 and 2009 revealed a binding profile very similar to that of 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses, with selectivity for α2-6-linked sialosides and very limited binding to α2-3 sialosides. Despite considerable genetic divergence, the 'human-like' H1N1 viruses circulating in swine retained strong binding preference for α2-6 sialylated glycans. Interspecies transmission of H1N1 influenza viruses from swine to humans or from humans to swine has not driven selection of viruses with distinct novel receptor binding specificities. Classical swine and human seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses have conserved specificity for similar α2-6-sialoside receptors in spite of long term circulation in separate hosts, suggesting that humans and swine impose analogous selection pressures on the evolution of receptor binding function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Stevens J, Chen LM, Carney PJ, Garten R, Foust A, Le J, Pokorny BA, Manojkumar R, Silverman J, Devis R, Rhea K, Xu X, Bucher DJ, Paulson J, Cox NJ, Klimov A, Donis RO. Receptor specificity of influenza A H3N2 viruses isolated in mammalian cells and embryonated chicken eggs. J Virol 2010; 84:8287-99. [PMID: 20519409 PMCID: PMC2916524 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00058-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of human subtype H3N2 influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs yields viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) that often affect binding to sialic acid receptors. We used a glycan array approach to analyze the repertoire of sialylated glycans recognized by viruses from the same clinical specimen isolated in eggs or cell cultures. The binding profiles of whole virions to 85 sialoglycans on the microarray allowed the categorization of cell isolates into two groups. Group 1 cell isolates displayed binding to a restricted set of alpha2-6 and alpha2-3 sialoglycans, whereas group 2 cell isolates revealed receptor specificity broader than that of their egg counterparts. Egg isolates from group 1 showed binding specificities similar to those of cell isolates, whereas group 2 egg isolates showed a significantly reduced binding to alpha2-6- and alpha2-3-type receptors but retained substantial binding to specific O- and N-linked alpha2-3 glycans, including alpha2-3GalNAc and fucosylated alpha2-3 glycans (including sialyl Lewis x), both of which may be important receptors for H3N2 virus replication in eggs. These results revealed an unexpected diversity in receptor binding specificities among recent H3N2 viruses, with distinct patterns of amino acid substitution in the HA occurring upon isolation and/or propagation in eggs. These findings also suggest that clinical specimens containing viruses with group 1-like receptor binding profiles would be less prone to undergoing receptor binding or antigenic changes upon isolation in eggs. Screening cell isolates for appropriate receptor binding properties might help focus efforts to isolate the most suitable viruses in eggs for production of antigenically well-matched influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul J. Carney
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Angie Foust
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jianhua Le
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Barbara A. Pokorny
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ramanunninair Manojkumar
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeanmarie Silverman
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Rene Devis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen Rhea
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Doris J. Bucher
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - James Paulson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander Klimov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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12
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Abstract
The O-glycosylation of Ser and Thr by N-acetylgalactosamine-linked (mucin-type) oligosaccharides is often overlooked in protein analysis. Three characteristics make O-linked glycosylation more difficult to analyse than N-linked glycosylation, namely: (a) no amino acid consensus sequence is known; (b) there is no universal enzyme for the release of O-glycans from the protein backbone; and (c) the density and number of occupied sites may be very high. For significant biological conclusions to be drawn, the complete picture of O-linked glycosylation on a protein needs to be determined. This review specifically addresses the analytical approaches that have been used, and the challenges remaining, in the characterization of both the composition and structure of mucin-type O-glycans, and the determination of the occupancy and heterogeneity at each amino acid attachment site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2003-2004. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:273-361. [PMID: 18825656 PMCID: PMC7168468 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the third update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings the topic to the end of 2004. Both fundamental studies and applications are covered. The main topics include methodological developments, matrices, fragmentation of carbohydrates and applications to large polymeric carbohydrates from plants, glycans from glycoproteins and those from various glycolipids. Other topics include the use of MALDI MS to study enzymes related to carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation, its use in industrial processes, particularly biopharmaceuticals and its use to monitor products of chemical synthesis where glycodendrimers and carbohydrate-protein complexes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Evans CM, Koo JS. Airway mucus: the good, the bad, the sticky. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:332-48. [PMID: 19059283 PMCID: PMC10079267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucus production is a primary defense mechanism for maintaining lung health. However, the overproduction of mucin (the chief glycoprotein component of mucus) is a common pathological feature in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and lung cancer. Although it is associated with disease progression, effective therapies that directly target mucin overproduction and hypersecretion are lacking. Recent advances in our understanding of the control of mucin gene expression in the lungs, the cells that produce airway mucins, and the mechanisms used for releasing them into the airways have provided new potentials for the development of efficacious interventions that will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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15
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A single step method for purification of sulfated oligosaccharides. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:903-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Tentacle type peptides as artificial lectins against sulfated Lewis X and A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4011-4. [PMID: 18565751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An effort has generated peptides from a phage-displayed library that selectively bind to the sulfated carbohydrates HSO3-LeA and HSO3-LeX. Even though more than six phaged peptides were identified by using the biopanning procedure, only one synthesized peptide displayed a consistently high binding affinity and specificity against the cognate HSO3-LeA. This dimeric, tentacle type peptide has a low micromolar affinity against the cognate sugar, which is even more specific than an antibody (Table 2(b)). Thus, it suggests that tentacle type peptides can be used as alternatives to antibodies to bind to aberrant cell-surface carbohydrates that are either the causes or results of carbohydrate-indicating disease states.
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Tsubokawa D, Goso Y, Sawaguchi A, Kurihara M, Ichikawa T, Sato N, Suganuma T, Hotta K, Ishihara K. A monoclonal antibody, PGM34, against 6-sulfated blood-group H type 2 antigen, on the carbohydrate moiety of mucin. FEBS J 2007; 274:1833-48. [PMID: 17381513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucin, a major component of mucus, is a highly O-glycosylated, high-molecular-mass glycoprotein extensively involved in the physiology of gastrointestinal mucosa. To detect and characterize mucins derived from site-specific mucous cells, we developed a monoclonal antibody, designated PGM34, by immunizing a mouse with purified pig gastric mucin. The reactivity of PGM34 with mucin was inhibited by periodate treatment of the mucin, but not by trypsin digestion. This suggests that PGM34 recognizes the carbohydrate portion of mucin. To determine the epitope, oligosaccharide-alditols obtained from pig gastric mucin were fractionated by successive gel-filtration, ion-exchange, and normal-phase HPLC, and tested for reactivity with PGM34. Two purified oligosaccharide-alditols that reacted with PGM34 were obtained. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy as Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(6SO(3)H)beta1-6(Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3)GalNAc-ol and Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(6SO(3)H)beta1-6(Galbeta1-3)GalNAc-ol. None of the defucosylated or desulfated forms of these oligosaccharides reacted with PGM34. Thus, the epitope of PGM34 was determined as the Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(6SO(3)H)beta- sequence. Immunohistochemical examination of rat gastrointestinal tract showed that PGM34 stained surface mucous cells close to the generative cell zone in the gastric fundus and goblet cells in the small intestine, but only slightly stained antral mucous cells in the stomach. These data, taken together, show that PGM34 is a very useful tool for elucidating the role of mucins with characteristic sulfated oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Tsubokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
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18
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Roussel P. Airway Glycoconjugates Secreted in Cystic Fibrosis and Severe Chronic Airway Inflammation Relationship with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/0-387-23250-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Yoshida T, Tuder RM. Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1047-82. [PMID: 17615396 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), comprised of pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and structural and inflammatory changes of small airways, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the developing of novel therapies, as the majority of patients with the disease have little therapeutic options at the present time. The pathobiology of COPD encompasses multiple injurious processes including inflammation (excessive or inappropriate innate and adaptive immunity), cellular apoptosis, altered cellular and molecular alveolar maintenance program, abnormal cell repair, extracellular matrix destruction (protease and anti-protease imbalance), and oxidative stress (oxidant and antioxidant imbalance). These processes are triggered by urban and rural air pollutants and active and/or passive cigarette smoke and modified by cellular senescence and infection. A series of receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways are activated by reactive oxygen species and tobacco components, resulting in impairment of a variety of cell signaling and cytokine networks, subsequently leading to chronic airway responses with mucus production, airway remodeling, and alveolar destruction. The authors provide an updated insight into the molecular and cellular pathobiology of COPD based on human and/or animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshida
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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20
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Williams OW, Sharafkhaneh A, Kim V, Dickey BF, Evans CM. Airway mucus: From production to secretion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 34:527-36. [PMID: 16415249 PMCID: PMC2644218 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0436sf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a phenotype associated with multiple obstructive lung diseases. However, in spite of its nefarious reputation under pathologic conditions, there are significant benefits to having low levels of mucus present in the airways at baseline, such as the ability to trap and eliminate inhaled particles and to prevent desiccation of airway surfaces. Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that are the chief components that render viscoelastic and gel-forming properties to mucus. Recent advances in animal models and in vitro systems have provided a wealth of information regarding the identification of the mucin genes that are expressed in the lungs, the signal transduction pathways that regulate the expression of these mucins, and the secretory pathways that mediate their release into the airways. In addition, the clinical and pathologic literature has corroborated many of the basic laboratory findings. As a result, mucin overproduction and hypersecretion are moving away from being markers of disease and toward being testable as functional components of lung disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji W Williams
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. Debakey Houston VA Medical Center, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Xia B, Royall JA, Damera G, Sachdev GP, Cummings RD. Altered O-glycosylation and sulfation of airway mucins associated with cystic fibrosis. Glycobiology 2005; 15:747-75. [PMID: 15994837 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most lethal genetic disorder in Caucasians and is characterized by the production of excessive amounts of viscous mucus secretions in the airways of patients, leading to airway obstruction, chronic bacterial infections, and respiratory failure. Previous studies indicate that CF-derived airway mucins are glycosylated and sulfated differently compared with mucins from nondiseased (ND) individuals. To address unresolved questions about mucin glycosylation and sulfation, we examined O-glycan structures in mucins purified from mucus secretions of two CF donors versus two ND donors. All mucins contained galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), fucose (Fuc), and sialic acid (Neu5Ac). However, CF mucins had higher sugar content and more O-glycans compared with ND mucins. Both ND and CF mucins contained GlcNAc-6-sulfate (GlcNAc-6-Sul), Gal-6-Sul, and Gal-3-Sul, but CF mucins had higher amounts of the 6-sulfated species. O-glycans were released from CF and ND mucins and derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB), separated by ion exchange chromatography, and quantified by fluorescence. There was nearly a two-fold increase in sulfation and sialylation in CF compared with ND mucin. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of glycans showed differences between the two CF samples compared with the two ND samples. Glycan compositions were defined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Unexpectedly, 260 compositional types of O-glycans were identified, and CF mucins contained a higher proportion of sialylated and sulfated O-glycans compared with ND mucins. These profound structural differences in mucin glycosylation in CF patients may contribute to inflammatory responses and increased pathogenesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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22
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Roussel P, Lamblin G. The Glycosylation of Airway Mucins in Cystic Fibrosis and its Relationship with Lung Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 535:17-32. [PMID: 14714886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Roussel
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine et Université de Lille 2, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
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