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Designing Formulation Strategies for Enhanced Stability of Therapeutic Peptides in Aqueous Solutions: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030935. [PMID: 36986796 PMCID: PMC10056213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the utilization of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides are usually administered via the parenteral route, requiring an aqueous formulation. Unfortunately, peptides are often unstable in aqueous solutions, affecting stability and bioactivity. Although a stable and dry formulation for reconstitution might be designed, from a pharmaco-economic and practical convenience point of view, a peptide formulation in an aqueous liquid form is preferred. Designing formulation strategies that optimize peptide stability may improve bioavailability and increase therapeutic efficacy. This literature review provides an overview of various degradation pathways and formulation strategies to stabilize therapeutic peptides in aqueous solutions. First, we introduce the major peptide stability issues in liquid formulations and the degradation mechanisms. Then, we present a variety of known strategies to inhibit or slow down peptide degradation. Overall, the most practical approaches to peptide stabilization are pH optimization and selecting the appropriate type of buffer. Other practical strategies to reduce peptide degradation rates in solution are the application of co-solvency, air exclusion, viscosity enhancement, PEGylation, and using polyol excipients.
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Kapourani A, Chatzitheodoridou M, Valkanioti V, Manioudaki AE, Bikiaris ND, Barmpalexis P. Evaluating the effect of kosmotropic inorganic salts in the in vitro dissolution behavior of tablets containing amorphous indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Jakaria SM, Budil DE, Murtagh J. Glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. AAPS OPEN 2022; 8:20. [PMCID: PMC9742044 DOI: 10.1186/s41120-022-00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antimicrobials are a class of naturally occurring or semi-synthetic glycosylated products that have shown antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms by inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. In most cases, these drugs are prepared in dry powder (lyophilized) form due to chemical and physical instability in aqueous solution; however, from an economic and practical point of view, liquid formulations are preferred. Researchers have recently found ways to formulate some glycopeptide antibiotic therapeutic drugs in aqueous solution at refrigerated or room temperature. Chemical degradation can be significantly slowed by formulating them at a defined pH with specific buffers, avoiding oxygen reactive species, and minimizing solvent exposure. Sugars, amino acids, polyols, and surfactants can reduce physical degradation by restricting glycopeptide mobility and reducing solvent interaction. This review focuses on recent studies on glycopeptide antibiotic drug stability in aqueous solution. It is organized into three sections: (i) glycopeptide antibiotic instability due to chemical and physical degradation, (ii) strategies to improve glycopeptide antibiotic stability in aqueous solution, and (iii) a survey of glycopeptide antibiotic drugs currently available in the market and their stability based on published literature and patents. Antimicrobial resistance deaths are expected to increase by 2050, making heat-stable glycopeptides in aqueous solution an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens. In conclusion, it should be possible to formulate heat stable glycopeptide drugs in aqueous solution by understanding the degradation mechanisms of this class of therapeutic drugs in greater detail, making them easily accessible to developing countries with a lack of cold chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar M. Jakaria
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Bedford, OH 44146 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
| | - David E. Budil
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, MA 02115 Boston, USA
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The Effectiveness of the Bacteria Derived Extremolyte Ectoine for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5562623. [PMID: 34159193 PMCID: PMC8187048 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5562623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonpharmacological therapies with a good tolerability and safety profile are of interest to many patients with allergic rhinitis, as a relevant proportion of them have reservations about guideline-concordant pharmacological therapies due to their local irritations and side effects. Ectoine is a bacterial-derived extremolyte with an ability to protect proteins and biological membranes against damage caused by extreme conditions of salinity, drought, irradiation, pH, and temperature. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies attests its effectiveness in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases, including allergic rhinitis. In this review, we analyzed 14 recent clinical trials investigating ectoine nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis, including sensitive patient groups like children or pregnant women. Some studies investigated monotherapy with ectoine; others investigated combination therapy of ectoine and an antihistamine or a corticosteroid. Analysis of the study results demonstrated that patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be successfully treated with ectoine-containing nasal spray. When applied as monotherapy, ectoine exerted noninferior effects compared to first-line therapies such as antihistamines and cromoglicic acid. Using ectoine as an add-on therapy to antihistamines or intranasal glucocorticosteroids accelerated symptom relief by days and improved the level of symptom relief. Importantly, concomitant treatment with ectoine was proven beneficial in a group of difficult-to-treat patients suffering from moderate-to-severe rhinitis symptoms. Taken together, the natural substance ectoine represents a viable alternative for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis patients who wish to avoid local reactions and side effects associated with pharmacological therapies.
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Bilstein A, Heinrich A, Rybachuk A, Mösges R. Ectoine in the Treatment of Irritations and Inflammations of the Eye Surface. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8885032. [PMID: 33628826 PMCID: PMC7889333 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8885032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ocular surface is facing various unspecific stress factors resulting in irritation and inflammation of the epithelia, causing discomfort to the patients. Ectoine is a bacteria-derived extremolyte with the ability to protect proteins and biological membranes from damage caused by extreme environmental conditions like heat, UV-light, high osmolarity, or dryness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies attest its effectiveness in treating several epithelium-associated inflammatory diseases, including the eye surface. In this review, we analysed 16 recent clinical trials investigating ectoine eye drops in patients with allergic conjunctivitis or with other unspecific ocular inflammations caused by e.g. ophthalmic surgery. Findings from these studies were reviewed in context with other published work on ectoine. In summary, patients with irritations and unspecific inflammations of the ocular surface have been treated successfully with ectoine-containing eye drops. In these patients, significant improvement was observed in ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, postoperative secondary dry eye syndrome, or ocular reepithelisation after surgery. Using ectoine as an add-on therapy to antihistamines, in allergy patients accelerated symptom relief by days, and its use as an add-on to antibiotics resulted in faster wound closure. Ectoine is a natural substance with an excellent tolerability and safety profile thus representing a helpful alternative for patients with inflammatory irritation of the ocular surface, who wish to avoid local reactions and side effects associated with pharmacological therapies or wish to increase the efficacy of standard treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Rybachuk
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tarasa Shevchenko Blvd, 13, Kiev, Ukraine 01601
- State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Zoolohichna St, 3, Kiev, Ukraine 03057
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CRI Ltd., Genter Str. 7, 50672 Cologne, Germany
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6
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Kreuzer LP, Lindenmeir C, Geiger C, Widmann T, Hildebrand V, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM, Müller-Buschbaum P. Poly(sulfobetaine) versus Poly( N-isopropylmethacrylamide): Co-Nonsolvency-Type Behavior of Thin Films in a Water/Methanol Atmosphere. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Lindenmeir
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christina Geiger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Widmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Viet Hildebrand
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Hobmeier K, Goëss MC, Sehr C, Schwaminger S, Berensmeier S, Kremling A, Kunte HJ, Pflüger-Grau K, Marin-Sanguino A. Anaplerotic Pathways in Halomonas elongata: The Role of the Sodium Gradient. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:561800. [PMID: 33101236 PMCID: PMC7545133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt tolerance in the γ-proteobacterium Halomonas elongata is linked to its ability to produce the compatible solute ectoine. The metabolism of ectoine production is of great interest since it can shed light on the biochemical basis of halotolerance as well as pave the way for the improvement of the biotechnological production of such compatible solute. Ectoine belongs to the biosynthetic family of aspartate-derived amino-acids. Aspartate is formed from oxaloacetate, thereby connecting ectoine production to the anaplerotic reactions that refill carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). This places a high demand on these reactions and creates the need to regulate them not only in response to growth but also in response to extracellular salt concentration. In this work, we combine modeling and experiments to analyze how these different needs shape the anaplerotic reactions in H. elongata. First, the stoichiometric and thermodynamic factors that condition the flux distributions are analyzed, then the optimal patterns of operation for oxaloacetate production are calculated. Finally, the phenotype of two deletion mutants lacking potentially relevant anaplerotic enzymes: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (Oad) are experimentally characterized. The results show that the anaplerotic reactions in H. elongata are indeed subject to evolutionary pressures that differ from those faced by other gram-negative bacteria. Ectoine producing halophiles must meet a higher metabolic demand for oxaloacetate and the reliance of many marine bacteria on the Entner-Doudoroff pathway compromises the anaplerotic efficiency of Ppc, which is usually one of the main enzymes fulfilling this role. The anaplerotic flux in H. elongata is contributed not only by Ppc but also by Oad, an enzyme that has not yet been shown to play this role in vivo. Ppc is necessary for H. elongata to grow normally at low salt concentrations but it is not required to achieve near maximal growth rates as long as there is a steep sodium gradient. On the other hand, the lack of Oad presents serious difficulties to grow at high salt concentrations. This points to a shared role of these two enzymes in guaranteeing the supply of oxaloacetate for biosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hobmeier
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie C. Goëss
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiana Sehr
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremling
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Jörg Kunte
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Pflüger-Grau
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Marin-Sanguino
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Joghee NN, Jayaraman G, Selladurai M. Nε-Acetyl L-α Lysine Improves Activity and Stability of α-Amylase at Acidic Conditions: A Comparative Study with other Osmolytes. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 27:551-556. [PMID: 31692420 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191105130041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nε-acetyl L-α lysine is an unusual acetylated di-amino acid synthesized and accumulated by certain halophiles under osmotic stress. Osmolytes are generally known to protect proteins and other cellular components under various stress conditions. OBJECTIVE The structural and functional stability imparted by Nε-acetyl L-lysine on proteins were unknown and hence was studied and compared to other commonly known bacterial osmolytes - ectoine, proline, glycine betaine, trehalose and sucrose. METHODS Effects of osmolytes on the temperature and pH profiles, pH stability and thermodynamic stability of the model enzyme, α-amylase were analyzed. RESULTS At physiological pH, all the osmolytes under study increased the optimal temperature for enzyme activity and improved the thermodynamic stability of the enzyme. At acidic conditions (pH 3.0), Nε-acetyl L-α lysine and ectoine improved both the catalytic and thermodynamic stability of the enzyme; it was reflected in the increase in residual enzyme activity after incubation of the enzyme at pH 3.0 for 15 min by 60% and 63.5% and the midpoint temperature of unfolding transition by 11°C and 10°C respectively. CONCLUSION Such significant protective effects on both activity and stability of α-amylase imparted by addition of Nε-acetyl L-α lysine and ectoine at acidic conditions make these osmolytes interesting candidates for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhya N Joghee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, RVS Educational Trust's Group of Institutions, Dindigul, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Geethu PM, Ranganathan VT, Satapathy DK. Inferences on hydrogen bond networks in water from isopermitive frequency investigations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:315103. [PMID: 29944119 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aacf2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in determining the unique characteristics of liquid water. We present low-frequency (1 Hz-40 MHz) dielectric spectroscopic investigations on water in the presence and absence of added solutes at different temperatures from 10 °C to 60 °C. The intersection points of temperature dependent permittivity contours at the vicinity of isopermitive frequency (IPF) in water are recorded and its properties are presumed to be related to the extent of hydrogen bond networks in water. IPF is defined as the frequency at which the relative permittivity of water is almost independent of temperature. The set of intersection points of temperature dependent permittivity contours at the vicinity of IPF are characterized by the mean [Formula: see text] and root-mean-square deviation/standard deviation [Formula: see text] associated with IPF. The tunability of M IPF by the addition of NaCl and MgCl2 salt emphasizes the strong correlation between the concentration of ions in water and the M IPF. The [Formula: see text] is surmised to be related to the orientational correlations of water dipoles as well as to the intermolecular hydrogen bond networks in water. Further, alterations in [Formula: see text] is observed with the addition of kosmotropic and chaotropic solutes into water and are thought to arise due to the restructuring of hydrogen bond networks in water in presence of added solutes. Notably, the solute induced reconfiguration of hydrogen bond networks in water or often-discussed structure making/breaking effects of the added solutes in water can be inferred, albeit qualitatively, by examining the M IPF and [Formula: see text]. Further, the Gaussian deconvoluted OH-stretching modes present in the Raman spectra of water and aqueous solutions of IPA and DMF strongly endorses the structural rearrangements occurring in water in presence of kosmotropes and chaotropes and are in line with the results derived from the root-mean-square deviation in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Geethu
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, India
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10
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Sokolov EP, Sokolova IM. Compatible osmolytes modulate mitochondrial function in a marine osmoconformer Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). Mitochondrion 2018; 45:29-37. [PMID: 29458112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor affecting physiology of marine organisms. Osmoconformers such as marine mollusks maintain metabolic function despite changes of the osmolarity and composition of the cytosol during salinity shifts. Currently, metabolic responses to the salinity-induced changes of the intracellular milieu are not well understood. We studied the effects of osmolarity (450 vs. 900 mOsm) and compatible osmolytes (70-590 mM of taurine or betaine) on isolated gill mitochondria of a marine osmoconformer, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Physiological concentrations of taurine enhanced mitochondrial ATP synthesis and electron transport system (ETS) capacity, increased mitochondrial coupling and stimulated the forward flux through the Complex I. Notably, the stimulatory effects of taurine were more pronounced at 900 mOsm compared to 450 mOsm. In contrast, betaine proportionally increased the rates of the mitochondrial proton leak, oxidative phosphorylation and ETS flux (with no net effect on the mitochondrial coupling) and suppressed the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in oyster mitochondria. However, the effective concentration of betaine (590 mM) was higher than typically found in bivalves, and thus betaine is not likely to affect oyster mitochondria under the physiological conditions in vivo. Our findings indicate that taurine may support the mitochondrial bioenergetics during hyperosmotic stress in oysters. Compatibility of taurine with the metabolic functions and its beneficial effects on mitochondria may have contributed to its broad distribution as an osmolyte in marine osmoconformers and might explain the earlier reports of the positive effects of taurine supplementation on energy metabolism of other organisms, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P Sokolov
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Hahn MB, Uhlig F, Solomun T, Smiatek J, Sturm H. Combined influence of ectoine and salt: spectroscopic and numerical evidence for compensating effects on aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28398-28402. [PMID: 27722327 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ectoine is an important osmolyte, which allows microorganisms to survive in extreme environmental salinity. The hygroscopic effects of ectoine in pure water can be explained by a strong water binding behavior whereas a study on the effects of ectoine in salty solution is yet missing. We provide Raman spectroscopic evidence that the influence of ectoine and NaCl are opposing and completely independent of each other. The effect can be explained by the formation of strongly hydrogen-bonded water molecules around ectoine which compensate the influence of the salt on the water dynamics. The mechanism is corroborated by first principles calculations and broadens our understanding of zwitterionic osmolytes in aqueous solution. Our findings allow us to provide a possible explanation for the relatively high osmolyte concentrations in halotolerant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Benjamin Hahn
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. and Free University Berlin, Department of Physics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tihomir Solomun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. and Technical University Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Meyer S, Schröter MA, Hahn MB, Solomun T, Sturm H, Kunte HJ. Ectoine can enhance structural changes in DNA in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7170. [PMID: 28775267 PMCID: PMC5543045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strand breaks and conformational changes of DNA have consequences for the physiological role of DNA. The natural protecting molecule ectoine is beneficial to entire bacterial cells and biomolecules such as proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of environmental stresses. It was postulated that ectoine-like molecules bind to negatively charged spheres that mimic DNA surfaces. We investigated the effect of ectoine on DNA and whether ectoine is able to protect DNA from damages caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV-A). In order to determine different isoforms of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy experiments were carried out with plasmid pUC19 DNA. Our quantitative results revealed that a prolonged incubation of DNA with ectoine leads to an increase in transitions from supercoiled (undamaged) to open circular (single-strand break) conformation at pH 6.6. The effect is pH dependent and no significant changes were observed at physiological pH of 7.5. After UV-A irradiation in ectoine solution, changes in DNA conformation were even more pronounced and this effect was pH dependent. We hypothesize that ectoine is attracted to the negatively charge surface of DNA at lower pH and therefore fails to act as a stabilizing agent for DNA in our in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - M-A Schröter
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - M B Hahn
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin, Department of Physics, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Solomun
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Sturm
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany.,Technical University Berlin, D-10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Kunte
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, D-12205, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Jena S, Aksan A. Effect of high DMSO concentration on albumin during freezing and vitrification. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a light microscopy image taken of the frozen solution at −20 °C during equilibrium freezing. The freeze concentrate surrounding the ice crystals, comprises unfrozen water and solutes (DMSO and albumin). The bright rectangle is the IR aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampreeti Jena
- Biostabilization Laboratory
- Mechanical Engineering Department
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Biostabilization Laboratory
- Mechanical Engineering Department
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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14
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Lara NC, Haider AA, Ho JC, Wilson LJ, Barron AR, Curley SA, Corr SJ. Water-structuring molecules and nanomaterials enhance radiofrequency heating in biologically relevant solutions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12630-12633. [PMID: 27722511 PMCID: PMC5079531 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For potential applications in nano-mediated radiofrequency cancer hyperthermia, the nanomaterial under investigation must increase the heating of any aqueous solution in which it is suspended when exposed to radiofrequency electric fields. This should also be true for a broad range of solution conductivities, especially those that artificially mimic the ionic environment of biological systems. Herein we demonstrate enhanced heating of biologically relevant aqueous solutions using kosmotropes and a hexamalonoserinolamide fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia C Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Asad A Haider
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jason C Ho
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lon J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrew R Barron
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA and Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA and Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK and Centre for NanoHealth (CNH), Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Steven A Curley
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Stuart J Corr
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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15
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Neutrons describe ectoine effects on water H-bonding and hydration around a soluble protein and a cell membrane. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31434. [PMID: 27527336 PMCID: PMC4985633 DOI: 10.1038/srep31434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding adaptation to extreme environments remains a challenge of high biotechnological potential for fundamental molecular biology. The cytosol of many microorganisms, isolated from saline environments, reversibly accumulates molar concentrations of the osmolyte ectoine to counterbalance fluctuating external salt concentrations. Although they have been studied extensively by thermodynamic and spectroscopic methods, direct experimental structural data have, so far, been lacking on ectoine-water-protein interactions. In this paper, in vivo deuterium labeling, small angle neutron scattering, neutron membrane diffraction and inelastic scattering are combined with neutron liquids diffraction to characterize the extreme ectoine-containing solvent and its effects on purple membrane of H. salinarum and E. coli maltose binding protein. The data reveal that ectoine is excluded from the hydration layer at the membrane surface and does not affect membrane molecular dynamics, and prove a previous hypothesis that ectoine is excluded from a monolayer of dense hydration water around the soluble protein. Neutron liquids diffraction to atomic resolution shows how ectoine enhances the remarkable properties of H-bonds in water—properties that are essential for the proper organization, stabilization and dynamics of biological structures.
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Kyriakos K, Philipp M, Silvi L, Lohstroh W, Petry W, Müller-Buschbaum P, Papadakis CM. Solvent Dynamics in Solutions of PNIPAM in Water/Methanol Mixtures—A Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering Study. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4679-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kyriakos
- Fachgebiet
weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martine Philipp
- Fachgebiet
weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luca Silvi
- Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Winfried Petry
- Fachgebiet
weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Fachgebiet
weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet
weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Kyriakos K, Philipp M, Lin CH, Dyakonova M, Vishnevetskaya N, Grillo I, Zaccone A, Miasnikova A, Laschewsky A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Papadakis CM. Quantifying the Interactions in the Aggregation of Thermoresponsive Polymers: The Effect of Cononsolvency. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:420-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kyriakos
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Martine Philipp
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Che-Hung Lin
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Margarita Dyakonova
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Natalya Vishnevetskaya
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Large Scale Structures Group; Institut Laue-Langevin; 71, Avenue des Martyrs 38042 Grenoble France
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Theorie weicher Materie; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anna Miasnikova
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP; PO Box 600 651 14406 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
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18
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A comprehensive evaluation of mixed mode interactions of HEA and PPA HyperCel™ chromatographic media. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 976-977:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bischofberger I, Calzolari DCE, Trappe V. Co-nonsolvency of PNiPAM at the transition between solvation mechanisms. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8288-8295. [PMID: 25192016 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the co-nonsolvency of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAM) in different water-alcohol mixtures and show that this phenomenon is due to two distinct solvation contributions governing the phase behavior of PNiPAM in the water-rich and alcohol-rich regime respectively. While hydrophobic hydration is the predominant contribution governing the phase behavior of PNiPAM in the water-rich regime, the mixing contributions governing the phase behavior of classical polymer solutions determine the phase behavior of PNiPAM in the alcohol-rich regime. This is evidenced by distinct scaling relations denoting the energetic state of the aqueous medium as a key parameter for the phase behavior of PNiPAM in the water-rich regime, while the volume fractions of respectively water, alcohol and PNiPAM become relevant parameters in the alcohol-rich regime. Adding alcohol to water decreases the energetics of the aqueous medium, which gradually suppresses hydrophobic hydration, while adding water to alcohol decreases the solvent quality. Consequently, PNiPAM is insoluble in the intermediate range of solvent composition, where neither hydrophobic hydration nor the mixing contributions prevail. This accounts for the co-nonsolvency phenomenon observed for PNiPAM in water-alcohol mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bischofberger
- University of Fribourg, Department of Physics, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Stępniewska Z, Goraj W, Kuźniar A, Pytlak A, Ciepielski J, Frączek P. Biosynthesis of ectoine by the methanotrophic bacterial consortium isolated from Bogdanka coalmine (Poland). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bischofberger I, Calzolari DCE, De Los Rios P, Jelezarov I, Trappe V. Hydrophobic hydration of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide: a matter of the mean energetic state of water. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4377. [PMID: 24625553 PMCID: PMC3953744 DOI: 10.1038/srep04377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The enthalpically favoured hydration of hydrophobic entities, termed hydrophobic hydration, impacts the phase behaviour of numerous amphiphiles in water. Here, we show experimental evidence that hydrophobic hydration is strongly determined by the mean energetics of the aqueous medium. We investigate the aggregation and collapse of an amphiphilic polymer, poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAM), in aqueous solutions containing small amounts of alcohol and find that the thermodynamic characteristics defining the phase transitions of PNiPAM evolve relative to the solvent composition at which the excess mixing enthalpy of the water/alcohol mixtures becomes minimal. Such correlation between solvent energetics and solution thermodynamics extends to other mixtures containing neutral organic solutes that are considered as kosmotropes to induce a strengthening of the hydrogen bonded water network. This denotes the energetics of water as a key parameter controlling the phase behaviour of PNiPAM and identifies the excess mixing enthalpy of water/kosmotrope mixtures as a gauge of the kosmotropic effect on hydrophobic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bischofberger
- 1] University of Fribourg, Department of Physics, CH-1700 Fribourg [2]
| | - D C E Calzolari
- University of Fribourg, Department of Physics, CH-1700 Fribourg
| | - P De Los Rios
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Statistical Biophysics, CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - I Jelezarov
- University of Zürich, Department of Biochemistry, CH-8057 Zürich
| | - V Trappe
- University of Fribourg, Department of Physics, CH-1700 Fribourg
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Stability of lysozyme in aqueous extremolyte solutions during heat shock and accelerated thermal conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86244. [PMID: 24465983 PMCID: PMC3900503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of lysozyme in aqueous solutions in the presence of various extremolytes (betaine, hydroxyectoine, trehalose, ectoine, and firoin) under different stress conditions. The stability of lysozyme was determined by Nile red Fluorescence Spectroscopy and a bioactivity assay. During heat shock (10 min at 70°C), betaine, trehalose, ectoin and firoin protected lysozyme against inactivation while hydroxyectoine, did not have a significant effect. During accelerated thermal conditions (4 weeks at 55°C), firoin also acted as a stabilizer. In contrast, betaine, hydroxyectoine, trehalose and ectoine destabilized lysozyme under this condition. These findings surprisingly indicate that some extremolytes can stabilize a protein under certain stress conditions but destabilize the same protein under other stress conditions. Therefore it is suggested that for the screening extremolytes to be used for protein stabilization, an appropriate storage conditions should also be taken into account.
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Laatikainen M, Sainio T. Sorption of Ampholytes in Weakly Acidic Ion Exchangers: Effect of Resin Ionic Form on Betaine Uptake. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2012.686867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Burakowski A, Gliński J. Hydration numbers of nonelectrolytes from acoustic methods. Chem Rev 2011; 112:2059-81. [PMID: 22148760 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Burakowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Fisicaro E, Compari C, Braibanti A. Hydrophobic hydration processes thermal and chemical denaturation of proteins. Biophys Chem 2011; 156:51-67. [PMID: 21482019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic hydration processes have been analysed under the light of a mixture model of water that is assumed to be composed by clusters (W(5))(I), clusters (W(4))(II) and free water molecules W(III). The hydrophobic hydration processes can be subdivided into two Classes A and B. In the processes of Class A, the transformation A(-ξ(w)W(I)→ξ(w)W(II)+ξ(w)W(III)+cavity) takes place, with expulsion from the bulk of ξ(w) water molecules W(III), whereas in the processes of Class B the opposite transformation B(-ξ(w)W(III)-ξ(w)W(II)→ξ(w)W(I)-cavity) takes place, with condensation into the bulk of ξ(w) water molecules W(III). The thermal equivalent dilution (TED) principle is exploited to determine the number ξ(w). The denaturation (unfolding) process belongs to Class A whereas folding (or renaturation) belongs to Class B. The enthalpy ΔH(den) and entropy ΔS(den) functions can be disaggregated in thermal and motive components, ΔH(den)=ΔH(therm)+ΔH(mot), and ΔS(den)=ΔS(therm)+ΔS(mot), respectively. The terms ΔH(therm) and ΔS(therm) are related to phase change of water molecules W(III), and give no contribution to free energy (ΔG(therm)=0). The motive functions refer to the process of cavity formation (Class A) or cavity reduction (Class B), respectively and are the only contributors to free energy ΔG(mot). The folded native protein is thermodynamically favoured (ΔG(fold)≡ΔG(mot)<0) because of the outstanding contribution of the positive entropy term for cavity reduction, ΔS(red)≫0. The native protein can be brought to a stable denatured state (ΔG(den)≡ΔG(mot)<0) by coupled reactions. Processes of protonation coupled to denaturation have been identified. In thermal denaturation by calorimetry, however, is the heat gradually supplied to the system that yields a change of phase of water W(III), with creation of cavity and negative entropy production, ΔS(for)≪0. The negative entropy change reduces and at last neutralises the positive entropy of folding. In molecular terms, this means the gradual disruption by cavity formation of the entropy-driven hydrophobic bonds that had been keeping the chains folded in the native protein. The action of the chemical denaturants is similar to that of heat, by modulating the equilibrium between W(I), W(II), and W(III) toward cavity formation and negative entropy production. The salting-in effect produced by denaturants has been recognised as a hydrophobic hydration process belonging to Class A with cavity formation, whereas the salting-out effect produced by stabilisers belongs to Class B with cavity reduction. Some algorithms of denaturation thermodynamics are presented in the Appendices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fisicaro
- Department of Pharmacological, Biological and Applied Chem. Sciences, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Parma, Italy.
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Min J, Kim JH, Lee Y, Namkoong K, Im HC, Kim HN, Kim HY, Huh N, Kim YR. Functional integration of DNA purification and concentration into a real time micro-PCR chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:259-265. [PMID: 20967380 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices for on-chip amplification of DNA from various biological and environmental samples have gained extensive attention over the past decades with many applications including molecular diagnostics of disease, food safety and biological warfare testing. But the integration of sample preparation functions into the chip remains a major hurdle for practical application of the chip-based diagnostic system. We present a PCR-based molecular diagnostic device comprised of a microfabricated chip and a centrifugal force assisted liquid handling tube (CLHT) that is designed to carry out concentration and purification of DNA and subsequent amplification of the target gene in a single chip. The reaction chamber of the chip contains an array of pillar structures to increase the surface area for capturing DNA from a raw sample of macro volume in the presence of kosmotropic agents. The CLHT was designed to provide an effective interface between sample preparation and the microfluidic PCR chip. We have characterized the effect of various fluidic parameters including DNA capture, amplification efficiency and centrifugal pressure generated upon varying sample volume. We also evaluated the performance of this system for quantitative detection of E. coli O157:H7. From the samples containing 10(1) to 10(4) cells per mL, the C(T) value linearly increased from 25.1 to 34.8 with an R(2) value greater than 0.98. With the effectiveness and simplicity of operation, this system will provide an effective interface between macro and micro systems and bridge chip-based molecular diagnosis with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Min
- College of Bionano Technology, Kyungwon University, Seongnam, 461-701, Korea
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28
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Burakowski A, Gliński J. Hydration of Amino Acids from Ultrasonic Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12157-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Burakowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Gliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Ectoines in cell stress protection: uses and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:782-801. [PMID: 20600783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce and accumulate compatible solutes aiming at protecting themselves from environmental stresses. Among them, the wide spread in nature ectoines are receiving increasing attention by the scientific community because of their multiple applications. In fact, increasing commercial demand has led to a multiplication of efforts in order to improve processes for their production. In this review, the importance of current and potential applications of ectoines as protecting agents for macromolecules, cells and tissues, together with their potential as therapeutic agents for certain diseases are analyzed and current theories for the understanding of the molecular basis of their biological activity are discussed. The genetic, biochemical and environmental determinants of ectoines biosynthesis by natural and engineered producers are described. The major limitations of current bioprocesses used for ectoines production are discussed, with emphasis on the different microorganisms, environments, molecular engineering and fermentation strategies used to optimize the production and recovery of ectoines. The combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering strategies, allowing a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process is also stated. Finally, this review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in ectoines uses and applications and industrial scale production using bacteria, emphasizing the importance of reactor design and operation strategies, together with the metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feedback between wet and in silico work to optimize bioproduction.
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McMeekin T, Hill C, Wagner M, Dahl A, Ross T. Ecophysiology of food-borne pathogens: Essential knowledge to improve food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 139 Suppl 1:S64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Environments that are hostile to life are characterized by reduced microbial activity which results in poor soil- and plant-health, low biomass and biodiversity, and feeble ecosystem development. Whereas the functional biosphere may primarily be constrained by water activity (aw) the mechanism(s) by which this occurs have not been fully elucidated. Remarkably we found that, for diverse species of xerophilic fungi at aw values of ≤ 0.72, water activity per se did not limit cellular function. We provide evidence that chaotropic activity determined their biotic window, and obtained mycelial growth at water activities as low as 0.647 (below that recorded for any microbial species) by addition of compounds that reduced the net chaotropicity. Unexpectedly we found that some fungi grew optimally under chaotropic conditions, providing evidence for a previously uncharacterized class of extremophilic microbes. Further studies to elucidate the way in which solute activities interact to determine the limits of life may lead to enhanced biotechnological processes, and increased productivity of agricultural and natural ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Panuszko A, Bruździak P, Zielkiewicz J, Wyrzykowski D, Stangret J. Effects of Urea and Trimethylamine-N-oxide on the Properties of Water and the Secondary Structure of Hen Egg White Lysozyme. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14797-809. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Panuszko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Bruździak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Zielkiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Stangret
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Vasudevamurthy MK, Weatherley LR, Lever M. Enzyme stabilization using synthetic compensatory solutes. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500190795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vasudevamurthy MK, Lever M, George PM, Morison KR. Betaine structure and the presence of hydroxyl groups alters the effects on DNA melting temperatures. Biopolymers 2009; 91:85-94. [PMID: 18781629 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Betaine lowers the melting temperature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and decreases its dependence on base composition. The effects of synthetic betaine analogs on the melting of DNA samples with different GC content were measured. Since many polyhydroxy compounds also lower DNA melting temperatures, hydroxyl-substituted betaine analogs were included. Some synthetic sulfonate analogs of betaine lowered the DNA melting temperatures by twice as much at the same molar concentration. They were up to twice as effective at decreasing the base pair dependence. Some carboxylate homologs of betaine, substituted with hydroxyl groups, increased the melting temperature. This effect was greater with low GC content DNA. Sulfonate analogs of betaine with hydroxyl groups usually destabilize the DNA, while their carboxylate analogs stabilize the DNA. Distances between the charges of these synthetic zwitterionic solutes influence the effect on DNA, with the optimum separation being two or three methylene groups. A betaine with two hydroxyl groups on one N-alkyl group had a greater effect than an isomer with two hydroxyl groups on separate N-alkyl substituents. We suggest that the effect of these solutes depends on structuring the hydration water of DNA, as well as interactions with the DNA structure itself.
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Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the current–voltage characteristics of planar lipid membranes. Biophys Chem 2009; 142:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sibambo SR, Pillay V, Choonara YE, Du Toit LC, Khan RA, Penny C. Kinetic and Structural Modeling Mechanisms of Melatonin Transport from an Electrolytically Regulated Salted-out PLGA Scaffold. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911508099404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on optimizing the mechanism of zero-order active pre-programmed release of melatonin from a salted-out PLGA scaffold. A Box—Behnken design, modeled the formulations, required for optimizing the melatonin entrapment efficiency (EE), mean dissolution time at 30 days (MDT30) and the release rate constant ( k). Response Surface Methodology depicted the influence of NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3 on the release kinetics. Qualitative structural kinetic modeling and quantitative mathematical modeling of release data supported the kinetic events, interaction parameters, and melatonin transport phenomena that resolved the constraints governing the rate and extent of melatonin release. A salted-out PLGA chain was evaluated by rheological studies and braided rope-coiling and nonbraided nonrope coiling with dynamic simulations capturing the coherent structural transitions in the turbulent release medium with the influence of salts on the swelling or erosion, energy dissipation, and subsequent melatonin release. The release was mainly governed by erosion and not affected by time-dependent diffusion resistance (Hopfenberg model; n = 0.95; R2 = 0.96; ke = 0.11—4.69×10-3mm/min; D = 0.110—0.893 × 10 -8 cm2/s; Debrelease = 0.016—1.312). Swelling parameters confirmed that polymer swelling did not significantly influence melatonin release (δ = 0.232.00 mm, v = 0.027—0.181 cm/s, S w = 0.010—0.542). EE values ranged between 46% and 90% and were dependant on the salt type and concentration. AlCl3 and NaCl blends increased the k values (0.0050) indicating their significance in melatonin release. The optimal scaffold (EE = 95%; MDT30 = 1; k = 0.0050) was predicted to comprise 1.1451 and 0.8264 w/v of NaCl and AlCl3, respectively, with the exclusion of CaCl2 in order to achieve zero-order kinetics over 30 days. The kinetic modeling approach enabled a qualitative and quantitative description of melatonin release patterns from the salted-out PLGA scaffolds thus facilitating the manipulation and prediction of drug release from PLGA modification by salting-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibongile R. Sibambo
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa,
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa C. Du Toit
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Integral University, Department of Industrial Chemistry Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Clement Penny
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Medical Oncology 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
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37
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Malsam J, Aksan A. Hydrogen Bonding and Kinetic/Thermodynamic Transitions of Aqueous Trehalose Solutions at Cryogenic Temperatures. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6792-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8099434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Malsam
- Biostabilization Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Biostabilization Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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38
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Collman JP, Decréau RA, Dey A, Yang Y. Water may inhibit oxygen binding in hemoprotein models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4101-5. [PMID: 19246375 PMCID: PMC2657390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900893106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three distal imidazole pickets in a cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) model form a pocket hosting a cluster of water molecules. The cluster makes the ferrous heme low spin, and consequently the O(2) binding slow. The nature of the rigid proximal imidazole tail favors a high spin/low spin cross-over. The O(2) binding rate is enhanced either by removing the water, increasing the hydrophobicity of the gas binding pocket, or inserting a metal ion that coordinates to the 3 distal imidazole pickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Collman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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39
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Mothes G, Schubert T, Harms H, Maskow T. Biotechnological Coproduction of Compatible Solutes and Polyhydroxyalkanoates using the Genus Halomonas. Eng Life Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Abstract
The protective properties of ectoine, formerly described for only extremophilic microorganisms, can be transferred to human skin. Our present data show that the compatible solute ectoine protects the cellular membrane from damage caused by surfactants. Transepidermal water loss measurements in vivo suggest that the barrier function of the skin is strengthened after the topical application of an oil in water emulsion containing ectoine. Ectoine functions as a superior moisturizer with long-term efficacy. These findings indicating that ectoine is a strong water structure-forming solute are explained in silico by means of molecular dynamic simulations. Spherical clusters containing (1) water, (2) water with ectoine, and (3) water with glycerol are created as model systems. The stronger the water-binding activity of the solute, the greater the quantity of water molecules remaining in the cluster at high temperatures. Water clusters around ectoine molecules remain stable for a long period of time, whereas mixtures of water and glycerol break down and water molecules diffuse out of the spheres. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the hydrogen bond properties of solutes are not solely responsible for maintaining the water structure form. Moreover, the particular electrostatic potential of ectoine as an amphoteric molecule with zwitterionic character is the major cause for its strong affinity to water. Because of its outstanding water-binding activity, ectoine might be especially useful in preventing water loss in dry atopic skin and in recovering skin viability and preventing skin aging.
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41
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Sibambo SR, Pillay V, Choonara YE, Penny C. A Novel Salted-out and Subsequently Crosslinked Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Polymeric Scaffold Applied to Monolithic Drug Delivery. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911507088274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study involved a statistical approach to develop a mechanistic understanding of the salting-out of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and to evaluate the capacity to modulate the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of PLGA by incorporating electrolytes that produce stochastic fluctuations. The correlation between the three types of salts used and the extent of PLGA chain transitions were established by structural-thermal analysis. Drug-loaded monolithic matrices are prepared by direct compressing salted-out PLGA and a model drug (melatonin). PLGA scaffolds possess fiber diameters and volumes ranging between 0.1—15 μm and 0.0075—14,000 μm3 , respectively. Texture profile analysis reveal a significant increase in the energy absorbed and matrix resilience with increased NaCl2 and AlCl3 concentrations. In vitro drug release studies were performed in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4; 37°C); the release media was sampled at pre-determined intervals and analyzed by UV spectroscopy. Ideal zero-order drug release profiles were observed with 20% melatonin over a 30-day period. Monolithic matrices prepared by crosslinking melatonin with PLGA reveal a superior capability to control drug release. The salting-out and subsequent crosslinking of PLGA significantly modified the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of native PLGA and demonstrated the ability to achieve controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibongile R. Sibambo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa,
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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42
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Lareu RR, Harve KS, Raghunath M. Emulating a crowded intracellular environment in vitro dramatically improves RT-PCR performance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:171-7. [PMID: 17854768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction's (PCR) phenomenal success in advancing fields as diverse as Medicine, Agriculture, Conservation, or Paleontology is based on the ability of using isolated prokaryotic thermostable DNA polymerases in vitro to copy DNA irrespective of origin. This process occurs intracellularly and has evolved to function efficiently under crowded conditions, namely in an environment packed with macromolecules. However, current in vitro practice ignores this important biophysical parameter of life. In order to more closely emulate conditions of intracellular biochemistry in vitro we added inert macromolecules into reverse transcription (RT) and PCR. We show dramatic improvements in all parameters of RT-PCR including 8- to 10-fold greater sensitivity, enhanced polymerase processivity, higher specific amplicon yield, greater primer annealing and specificity, and enhanced DNA polymerase thermal stability. The faster and more efficient reaction kinetics was a consequence of the cumulative molecular and thermodynamic effects of the excluded volume effect created by macromolecular crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky R Lareu
- Tissue Modulation Laboratory, Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Division Office Block E3A #04-15, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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43
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Lever M, Vasudevamurthy MK, Squire MA. Using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the effects of protein-stabilizing cosolvents on a model protein and fluorescent probes. Anal Biochem 2007; 367:122-33. [PMID: 17540334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cosolvents on the fluorescence of solutes was measured manually and in an automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system that eliminates fluorescent contaminants on-line. The HPLC system was used to show that the effect of cosolvents on the fluorescence spectrum of heated chymotrypsin (a measure of unfolding) correlates with the effect of the solutes on the heat stabilization of catalytic activity; r2=0.73 with 12 example cosolvents. Changes in the fluorescence of model probes showed that known counteracting solutes slightly decrease the polarity of the solvent. Different cosolvents affect the proton transfer indicator, 2-naphthol (a model for tyrosinyl residues) differently, polyhydric alcohols enhance the protonated naphthol emission whereas zwitterionic solutes enhance naphthoxide fluorescence. The results with the automated system are consistent with the known stabilizing effects of the cosolvents and validate it as a tool to explore the development of novel cosolvents and their effects on multiple biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lever
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Mosharraf M, Malmberg M, Fransson J. Formulation, lyophilization and solid-state properties of a pegylated protein. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:215-32. [PMID: 17207591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the importance of formulation and process parameters on the solid-state properties of a lyophilized, pegylated growth hormone antagonist (pegvisomant) was studied. The degree of solid-state disorder (amorphicity), protein/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/sucrose interactions, and dissolution characteristics of the resultant cakes were examined. Using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), it was shown that in co-lyophilized pegylated protein/sucrose systems there was an interaction between sucrose and pegylated protein molecules. This interaction was evidenced by a decrease in the melting temperature (Tm) and melting enthalpy of PEG as a function of sucrose concentration. It was also shown that the sum of the heat of interaction with water for the individual constituents, lyophilized pegylated protein and lyophilized sucrose, was higher than the heat of interaction for the co-lyophilized system. As the concentration of sucrose was increased, the degree of solid-state disorder increased and the solid dissolved faster. A correlation was found among heat of interaction with water, degree of solid-state disorder, and dissolution time. Pegylation caused a shorter dissolution time, lower moisture content, increased amorphicity, and a more rapid moisture-induced crystallization of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Mosharraf
- Product & Process Development, Pfizer Global Manufacturing, Pfizer, SE-112 87 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Arakawa T, Tsumoto K, Kita Y, Chang B, Ejima D. Biotechnology applications of amino acids in protein purification and formulations. Amino Acids 2007; 33:587-605. [PMID: 17357829 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are widely used in biotechnology applications. Since amino acids are natural compounds, they can be safely used in pharmaceutical applications, e.g., as a solvent additive for protein purification and as an excipient for protein formulations. At high concentrations, certain amino acids are found to raise intra-cellular osmotic pressure and adjust to the high salt concentrations of the surrounding medium. They are called "compatible solutes", since they do not affect macromolecular function. Not only are they needed to increase the osmotic pressure, they are known to increase the stability of the proteins. Sucrose, glycerol and certain amino acids were used to enhance the stability of unstable proteins after isolation from natural environments. The mechanism of the action of these protein-stabilizing amino acids is relatively well understood. On the contrary, arginine was accidentally discovered as a useful reagent for assisting in the refolding of recombinant proteins. This effect of arginine was ascribed to its ability to suppress aggregation of the proteins during refolding, thereby increasing refolding efficiency. By the same mechanism, arginine now finds much wider applications than previously anticipated in the research and development of proteins, in particular in pharmaceutical applications. For example, arginine solubilizes proteins from loose inclusion bodies, resulting in efficient production of active proteins. Arginine suppresses protein-protein interactions in solution and also non-specific adsorption to gel permeation chromatography columns. Arginine facilitates elution of bound proteins from various column resins, including Protein-A or dye affinity columns and hydrophobic interaction columns. This review covers various biotechnology applications of amino acids, in particular arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
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46
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Dashnau J, Vanderkooi J. Computational Approaches to Investigate How Biological Macromolecules Can Be Protected in Extreme Conditions. J Food Sci 2007; 72:R001-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Lentzen G, Schwarz T. Extremolytes: Natural compounds from extremophiles for versatile applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:623-34. [PMID: 16957893 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms have adopted a variety of ingenious strategies for survival under high or low temperature, extreme pressure, and drastic salt concentrations. A novel application area for extremophiles is the use of "extremolytes," organic osmolytes from extremophilic microorganisms, to protect biological macromolecules and cells from damage by external stresses. In extremophiles, these low molecular weight compounds are accumulated in response to increased extracellular salt concentrations, but also as a response to other environmental changes, e.g., increased temperature. Extremolytes minimize the denaturation of biopolymers that usually occurs under conditions of water stress and are compatible with the intracellular machinery at high (>1 M) concentrations. The ectoines, as the first extremolytes that are produced in a large scale, have already found application as cell protectants in skin care and as protein-free stabilizers of proteins and cells in life sciences. In addition to ectoines, a range of extremolytes with heterogenous chemical structures like the polyol phosphates di-myoinositol-1,1'-phosphate, cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and alpha-diglycerol phosphate and the mannose derivatives mannosylglycerate (firoin) and mannosylglyceramide (firoin-A) were characterized and were shown to have protective properties toward proteins and cells. A range of new applications, all based on the adaptation to stress conditions conferred by extremolytes, is in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lentzen
- bitop AG, Stockumer Strasse 28, 58453 Witten, Germany.
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48
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Stennett AK, Dempsey GL, Gainer JL. trans-Sodium Crocetinate and Diffusion Enhancement. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18078-80. [PMID: 16970413 DOI: 10.1021/jp064308+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
trans-Sodium crocetinate (TSC) increases the diffusion coefficient of glucose through water by about 25-30%. This is the same percentage increase that TSC causes in the diffusivity of oxygen through water. TSC is also found to induce order in the surrounding water structure through increased hydrogen bonding of the water molecules, and molecular simulations suggest that the increase in diffusivity occurs only in these ordered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Stennett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741, USA
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49
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Zhao H. Viscosity B-coefficients and standard partial molar volumes of amino acids, and their roles in interpreting the protein (enzyme) stabilization. Biophys Chem 2006; 122:157-83. [PMID: 16690201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review systematically surveys the viscosity B-coefficients and standard partial molar volumes of amino acids at various temperatures as these data are quite important for interpreting the hydration and other properties of peptides and proteins. The effect of organic solutes and various ions on the viscometric and volumetric properties of amino acids has also been discussed in terms of their kosmotropic ('structure-making') effects on the hydration of amino acids. The comparison of these effects on the amino acid hydration enables us to have a better understanding of the influence of organic solute and salt on the protein stabilization. In addition, the viscometric and volumetric behaviors of amino acid ions (cations and anions) are also summarized because these ions have recently been incorporated as part of novel ionic liquids, which have wide applications in biocatalysis and protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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50
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Enhancing protease enantioselectivity by ionic liquids based on chiral- or ω-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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