1
|
Karaboga S, Severac F, Collins EMS, Stab A, Davis A, Souchet M, Hervé G. Organophosphate toxicity patterns: A new approach for assessing organophosphate neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134236. [PMID: 38613959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds or organophosphates (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants and pesticides. This contributes to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and to the risk of human exposure. The persistence of OPs and their bioaccumulative characteristics raise serious concerns regarding environmental and human health impacts. To address the need for safer OPs, this study uses a New Approach Method (NAM) to analyze the neurotoxicity pattern of 42 OPs. The NAM consists of a 4-step process that combines computational modeling with in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Using spherical harmonic-based cluster analysis, the OPs were grouped into four main clusters. Experimental data and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) analysis were used in conjunction to provide information on the neurotoxicity profile of each group. Results showed that one of the identified clusters had a favorable safety profile, which may help identify safer OPs for industrial applications. In addition, the 3D-computational analysis of each cluster was used to identify meta-molecules with specific 3D features. Toxicity was found to correspond to the level of phosphate surface accessibility. Substances with conformations that minimize phosphate surface accessibility caused less neurotoxic effect. This multi-assay NAM could be used as a guide for the classification of OP toxicity, helping to minimize the health and environmental impacts of OPs, and providing rapid support to the chemical regulators, whilst reducing reliance on animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Karaboga
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Florence Severac
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélien Stab
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Davis
- UniCaen, Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Souchet
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Hervé
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The alteration of the expression level of neuropathy target esterase in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells disrupts cellular phospholipids homeostasis. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105509. [PMID: 36336212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) has been proven to act as a lysophospholipase (LysoPLA) and phospholipase B (PLB) in mammalian cells. In this study, we took human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells as the research object and explored the effect of NTE on phospholipid homeostasis. The results showed that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels significantly increased (> 40%), while glycerophosphocholine (GPC) decreased (below 60%) after NTE gene was knockdown in the cells (NTE < 30% of control), which were prepared by gene silencing with dsRNA-NTE. However, in the NTE-overexpressed cells (NTE > 50% of control), which were prepared by expressing recombinant catalytic domain of NTE, LPC remarkably decreased (below 80%) and GPC enhanced (> 40%). Mipafox, a neuropathic organophosphorus compound (OP), significantly inhibited NTE-LysoPLA and NTE-PLB activities (> 95-99% inhibition at 50 μM), which was accompanied with a decreased GPC level (below 40%) although no change of the PC and LPC levels was observed; while paraoxon, a non-neuropathic OP, suppresses neither the activities of NTE-phospholipases nor the levels of PC, LPC, and GPC. Thus, we concluded that both the stable up- or down-regulated expression of NTE gene and the loss of NTE-LysoPLA/PLB activities disrupts phospholipid homeostasis in the cells although the inhibition of NTE activity only decreased GPC content without altering PC and LPC levels.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mrinalini R, Tamilanban T, Naveen Kumar V, Manasa K. Zebrafish - The Neurobehavioural Model in Trend. Neuroscience 2022; 520:95-118. [PMID: 36549602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is currently in vogue as a prevalently used experimental model for studies concerning neurobehavioural disorders and associated fields. Since the 1960s, this model has succeeded in breaking most barriers faced in the hunt for an experimental model. From its appearance to its high parity with human beings genetically, this model renders itself as an advantageous experimental lab animal. Neurobehavioural disorders have always posed an arduous task in terms of their detection as well as in determining their exact etiology. They are still, in most cases, diseases of interest for inventing or discovering novel pharmacological interventions. Thus, the need for a harbinger experimental model for studying neurobehaviours is escalating. Ensuring the same model is used for studying several neuro-studies conserves the results from inter-species variations. For this, we need a model that satisfies all the pre-requisite conditions to be made the final choice of model for neurobehavioural studies. This review recapitulates the progress of zebrafish as an experimental model with its most up-to-the-minute advances in the area. Various tests, assays, and responses employed using zebrafish in screening neuroactive drugs have been tabulated effectively. The tools, techniques, protocols, and apparatuses that bolster zebrafish studies are discussed. The probable research that can be done using zebrafish has also been briefly outlined. The various breeding and maintenance methods employed, along with the information on various strains available and most commonly used, are also elaborated upon, supplementing Zebrafish's use in neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mrinalini
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - V Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203.
| | - K Manasa
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Knoll-Gellida A, Dubrana LE, Bourcier LM, Mercé T, Gruel G, Soares M, Babin PJ. Hyperactivity and Seizure Induced by Tricresyl Phosphate Are Isomer Specific and Not Linked to Phenyl Valerate-Neuropathy Target Esterase Activity Inhibition in Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:160-174. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental exposure to tricresyl phosphate (TCP) may lead to severe neurotoxic effects, including organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neuropathy. TCP has three symmetric isomers, distinguished by the methyl group position on the aromatic ring system. One of these isomers, tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (ToCP), has been reported for years as a neuropathic OP, targeting neuropathic target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6), but its mode of toxic action had not been fully elucidated. Zebrafish eleuthero-embryo and larva were used to characterize the differential action of the TCP isomers. The symmetric isomers inhibited phenyl valerate (PV)-NTE enzymatic activity in vivo with different IC50, while no effect was observed on acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, the locomotor behavior was also affected by tri-para-cresyl phosphate and tri-meta-cresyl phosphate, only ToCP exposure led to locomotor hyperactivity lasting several hours, associated with defects in the postural control system and an impaired phototactic response, as revealed by the visual motor response test. The electric field pulse motor response test demonstrated that a seizure-like, multiple C-bend-spaghetti phenotype may be significantly induced by ToCP only, independently of any inhibition of PV-NTE activity. Eleuthero-embryos exposed to picrotoxin, a known gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor inhibitor, exhibited similar adverse outcomes to ToCP exposure. Thus, our results demonstrated that the TCP mode of toxic action was isomer specific and not initially related to modulation of PV-NTE activity. Furthermore, it was suggested that the molecular events involved were linked to an impairment of the balance between excitation and inhibition in neuronal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knoll-Gellida
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Leslie E Dubrana
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Laure M Bourcier
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Théo Mercé
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Gaëlle Gruel
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Magalie Soares
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, INSERM, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leow SS, Lee WK, Khoo JS, Teoh S, Hoh CC, Fairus S, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC. Identification of reference genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression studies in Nile rats fed Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9409-9427. [PMID: 33222119 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is a novel diurnal carbohydrate-sensitive rodent useful for studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic responses to T2DM and any interventions thereof can be evaluated via transcriptomic gene expression analysis. However, the study of gene expression via real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) requires identification of stably expressed reference genes for accurate normalisation. This study describes the evaluation and identification of stable reference genes in the livers from Control Nile rats as well as those supplemented with Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract, which has been previously shown to attenuate T2DM in this animal model. Seven genes identified as having stable expression in RNA-Sequencing transcriptome analysis were chosen for verification using real-time RT-qPCR. Six commonly used reference genes from previous literature and two genes from a previous microarray gene expression study in Nile rats were also evaluated. The expression data of these 15 candidate reference genes were analysed using the RefFinder software which incorporated analyses performed by various algorithms. The Hpd, Pnpla6 and Vpp2 genes were identified as the most stable across the 36 samples tested. Their applicability was demonstrated through the normalisation of the gene expression profiles of two target genes, Cela1 and Lepr. In conclusion, three novel reference genes which can be used for robust normalisation of real-time RT-qPCR data were identified, thereby facilitating future hepatic gene expression studies in the Nile rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sen Leow
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wei-Kang Lee
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seddon Teoh
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Choong Hoh
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Fairus
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K C Hayes
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almami IS, Aldubayan MA, Felemban SG, Alyamani N, Howden R, Robinson AJ, Pearson TDZ, Boocock D, Algarni AS, Garner AC, Griffin M, Bonner PLR, Hargreaves AJ. Neurite outgrowth inhibitory levels of organophosphates induce tissue transglutaminase activity in differentiating N2a cells: evidence for covalent adduct formation. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3861-3875. [PMID: 32749514 PMCID: PMC7603472 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate compounds (OPs) induce both acute and delayed neurotoxic effects, the latter of which is believed to involve their interaction with proteins other than acetylcholinesterase. However, few OP-binding proteins have been identified that may have a direct role in OP-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Given their ability to disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, a key aim of the current work was to investigate the effects of sub-lethal neurite outgrowth inhibitory levels of OPs on the Ca2+-dependent enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2). At 1-10 µM, the OPs phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) had no effect cell viability but induced concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth in differentiating N2a neuroblastoma cells. The activity of TG2 increased in cell lysates of differentiating cells exposed for 24 h to PSP and chlorpyrifos oxon CPO (10 µM), as determined by biotin-cadaverine incorporation assays. Exposure to both OPs (3 and/or 10 µM) also enhanced in situ incorporation of the membrane permeable substrate biotin-X-cadaverine, as indicated by Western blot analysis of treated cell lysates probed with ExtrAvidin peroxidase and fluorescence microscopy of cell monolayers incubated with FITC-streptavidin. Both OPs (10 µM) stimulated the activity of human and mouse recombinant TG2 and covalent labelling of TG2 with dansylamine-labelled PSP was demonstrated by fluorescence imaging following SDS-PAGE. A number of TG2 substrates were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry, including cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones and proteins involved protein synthesis and gene regulation. We propose that the elevated TG2 activity observed is due to the formation of a novel covalent adduct between TG2 and OPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam S Almami
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Aldubayan
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najiah Alyamani
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Howden
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alexander J Robinson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Edgbaston, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Tom D Z Pearson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David Boocock
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Christopher Garner
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Martin Griffin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Philip L R Bonner
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alan J Hargreaves
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richardson RJ, Fink JK, Glynn P, Hufnagel RB, Makhaeva GF, Wijeyesakere SJ. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6) and organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2020; 4:1-78. [PMID: 32518884 PMCID: PMC7271139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) with certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds produces OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), a distal degeneration of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), thereby providing a powerful model for studying a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Axonopathies are important medical entities in their own right, but in addition, illnesses once considered primary neuronopathies are now thought to begin with axonal degeneration. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, conditional knockout of NTE in the mouse CNS produces vacuolation and other degenerative changes in large neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum, along with degeneration and swelling of axons in ascending and descending spinal cord tracts. In humans, NTE mutations cause a variety of neurodegenerative conditions resulting in a range of deficits including spastic paraplegia and blindness. Mutations in the Drosophila NTE orthologue SwissCheese (SWS) produce neurodegeneration characterized by vacuolization that can be partially rescued by expression of wild-type human NTE, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for certain human neurological disorders. This chapter defines NTE and OPIDN, presents an overview of OP compounds, provides a rationale for NTE research, and traces the history of discovery of NTE and its relationship to OPIDN. It then briefly describes subsequent studies of NTE, including practical applications of the assay; aspects of its domain structure, subcellular localization, and tissue expression; abnormalities associated with NTE mutations, knockdown, and conventional or conditional knockout; and hypothetical models to help guide future research on elucidating the role of NTE in OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J. Richardson
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Corresponding author:
| | - John K. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Glynn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sanjeeva J. Wijeyesakere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang P, Yang M, Jiang L, Wu YJ. A fungicide miconazole ameliorates tri-o-cresyl phosphate-induced demyelination through inhibition of ErbB/Akt pathway. Neuropharmacology 2018; 148:31-39. [PMID: 30553827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compound (OP)-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is characterized by distal axonal degeneration and demyelination of the central and peripheral axons, which leads to progressive muscle weakness, ataxia and paralysis in several days after OP intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the possible use of an imidazole fungicide miconazole as a novel therapy for OPIDN. Adult hens, the most commonly used animal models in OPIDN studies, were orally given tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). We showed that miconazole, which was administered daily to hens beginning on the 7th day after TOCP exposure, drastically ameliorated the neurotoxic symptoms and histopathological damages in spinal cord and sciatic nerves. Mechanistically, miconazole inhibited the TOCP-induced activation of ErbB/Akt signaling, and enhanced the myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. In a glial cell model sNF96.2 cells, miconazole restored the TOCP-inhibited MBP expression, and promoted cell differentiation as well as cell migration by inhibiting the activation of ErbB/Akt signaling pathway. In sum, miconazole, a synthetic imidazole fungicide, could ameliorate the symptoms and histopathological changes of OPIDN, probably by promoting glial cell differentiation and migration to enhance myelination via inhibiting the activation of ErbB/Akt. Thus, miconazole is a promising candidate therapy for the clinical treatment of OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faria M, Fuertes I, Prats E, Abad JL, Padrós F, Gomez-Canela C, Casas J, Estevez J, Vilanova E, Piña B, Raldúa D. Analysis of the neurotoxic effects of neuropathic organophosphorus compounds in adult zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4844. [PMID: 29555973 PMCID: PMC5859099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) by exposure to neuropathic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can result in OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). In the present study we aimed to build a model of OPIDN in adult zebrafish. First, inhibition and aging of zebrafish NTE activity were characterized in the brain by using the prototypic neuropathic compounds cresyl saligenin phosphate (CBDP) and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). Our results show that, as in other animal models, zebrafish NTE is inhibited and aged by both neuropathic OPs. Then, a neuropathic concentration inhibiting NTE activity by at least 70% for at least 24 h was selected for each compound to analyze changes in phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and glycerolphosphocholine (GPC) profiles. In spite to the strong inhibition of the NTE activity found for both compounds, only a mild increase in the LPCs level was found after 48 h of the exposure to DFP, and no effect were observed by CBDP. Moreover, histopathological evaluation and motor function outcome analyses failed to find any neurological abnormalities in the exposed fish. Thus, our results strongly suggest that zebrafish is not a suitable species for the development of an experimental model of human OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Abad
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Fish Diseases Diagnostic Service, Facultat de Veterinaria Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08190, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Estevez
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
TRPA1 channel mediates organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17024. [PMID: 28894590 PMCID: PMC5537602 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), often leads to paresthesias, ataxia and paralysis, occurs in the late-stage of acute poisoning or after repeated exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides or nerve agents, and may contribute to the Gulf War Syndrome. The acute phase of OP poisoning is often attributed to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. However, the underlying mechanism for the delayed neuropathy remains unknown and no treatment is available. Here we demonstrate that TRPA1 channel (Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) mediates OPIDN. A variety of OPs, exemplified by malathion, activates TRPA1 but not other neuronal TRP channels. Malathion increases the intracellular calcium levels and upregulates the excitability of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Mice with repeated exposures to malathion also develop local tissue nerve injuries and pain-related behaviors, which resembles OPIDN. Both the neuropathological changes and the nocifensive behaviors can be attenuated by treatment of TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 or abolished by knockout of Trpa1 gene. In the classic hens OPIDN model, malathion causes nerve injuries and ataxia to a similar level as the positive inducer tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which also activates TRPA1 channel. Treatment with HC030031 reduces the damages caused by malathion or tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. Duloxetine and Ketotifen, two commercially available drugs exhibiting TRPA1 inhibitory activity, show neuroprotective effects against OPIDN and might be used in emergency situations. The current study suggests TRPA1 is the major mediator of OPIDN and targeting TRPA1 is an effective way for the treatment of OPIDN.
Collapse
|
11
|
High concentration of trichlorfon (1 mM) disrupts axonal cytoskeleton and decreases the expression of plasticity-related proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 39:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT, Herrero Hernández E. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration. Cortex 2016; 74:417-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang L, Ou J, Xu X, Peng Y, Guo H, Pan Y, Chen J, Wang T, Peng H, Liu Q, Tian D, Pan Q, Zou X, Zhao J, Hu Z, Xia K. AMPD1 functional variants associated with autism in Han Chinese population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:511-7. [PMID: 25155876 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with high heterogeneity. Following our genome-wide associated loci with autism, we performed sequencing analysis of the coding regions, UTR and flanking splice junctions of AMPD1 in 830 Chinese autism individuals as well as 514 unrelated normal controls. Fourteen novel variants in the coding sequence were identified, including 11 missense variants and 3 synonymous mutations. Among these missense variants, 10 variants were absent in 514 control subjects, and conservative and functional prediction was carried out. Mitochondria activity and lactate dehydrogenase assay were performed in 5 patients' lymphoblast cell lines; p.P572S and p.S626C showed decreased mitochondrial complex I activity, and p.S626C increased lactate dehydrogenase release in medium. Conclusively, our data suggested that mutational variants in AMPD1 contribute to autism risk in Han Chinese population, uncovering the contribution of mutant protein to disease development that operates via mitochondria dysfunction and cell necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Emerick GL, Fernandes LS, de Paula ES, Barbosa F, dos Santos NAG, dos Santos AC. In vitro study of the neuropathic potential of the organophosphorus compounds fenamiphos and profenofos: Comparison with mipafox and paraoxon. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1079-87. [PMID: 25910916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a central-peripheral distal axonopathy that develops 8-14 days after poisoning by a neuropathic organophosphorus compound (OP). Several OPs that caused OPIDN were withdrawn from the agricultural market due to induction of serious delayed effects. Therefore, the development of in vitro screenings able to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic OPs is of crucial importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the neurotoxic effects of mipafox (neuropathic OP) and paraoxon (non-neuropathic OP) in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, using the inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), activation of calpain, neurite outgrowth, cytotoxicity and intracellular calcium as indicators. Additionally, the potential of fenamiphos and profenofos to cause acute and/or delayed effects was also evaluated. Mipafox had the lowest IC50 and induced the highest percentage of aging of NTE among the OPs evaluated. Only mipafox was able to cause calpain activation after 24 h of incubation. Concentrations of mipafox and fenamiphos which inhibited at least 70% of NTE were also able to reduce neurite outgrowth. Cytotoxicity was higher in non-neuropathic than in neuropathic OPs while the intracellular calcium levels were higher in neuropathic than in non-neuropathic OPs. In conclusion, the SH-SY5Y cellular model was selective to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic OPs; fenamiphos, but not profenofos presented results compatible with the induction of OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Emerick
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - ICS/UFMT/CUS, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Laís S Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Silva de Paula
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida Guinaim dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernandes LS, Emerick GL, Santos NAGD, de Paula ES, Barbosa F, Santos ACD. In vitro study of the neuropathic potential of the organophosphorus compounds trichlorfon and acephate. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:522-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
In vitro inhibition of lysine decarboxylase activity by organophosphate esters. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:506-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Matsuzaka Y, Ohkubo T, Kikuti YY, Mizutani A, Tsuda M, Aoyama Y, Kakuta K, Oka A, Inoko H, Sakabe K, Ishikawa S, Kulski JK, Kimura M. Association of sick building syndrome with neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity in Japanese. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1217-1226. [PMID: 23418070 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a set of several clinically recognizable symptoms reported by occupants of a building without a clear cause. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is a membrane bound serine esterase and its reaction with organophosphates (OPs) can lead to OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and nerve axon degeneration. The aim of our study was to determine whether there was a difference in NTE activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Japanese patients with SBS and healthy controls and whether PNPLA6 (alias NTE) gene polymorphisms were associated with SBS. We found that the enzymatic activity of NTE was significantly higher (P < 0.0005) in SBS patients compared with controls. Moreover, population with an AA genotype of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs480208, in intron 21 of the PNPLA6 gene strongly reduced the activity of NTE. Fifty-eight SNP markers within the PNPLA6 gene were tested for association in a case-control study of 188 affected individuals and 401 age-matched controls. Only one SNP, rs480208, was statistically different in genotype distribution (P = 0.005) and allele frequency (P = 0.006) between the cases and controls (uncorrected for testing multiple SNP sites), but these were not significant by multiple corrections. The findings of the association between the enzymatic activity of NTE and SBS in Japanese show for the first time that NTE activity might be involved with SBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases—A mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:85-103. [PMID: 24503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
20
|
Ayuk-Takem L, Amissah F, Aguilar BJ, Lamango NS. Inhibition of polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase by synthetic musks induces cell degeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:466-77. [PMID: 22489002 PMCID: PMC3654042 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic fragrances are persistent environmental pollutants that tend to bioaccumulate in animal tissues. They are widely used in personal care products and cleaning agents. Worldwide production of Galaxolide and Tonalide are in excess of 4500 tons annually. Because of their widespread production and use, they have been detected in surface waters and fish in the US and Europe. Consumption of contaminated water and fish from such sources leads to bioaccumulation and eventual toxicity. Since fragrances and flavors bear structural similarities to polyisoprenes, it was of interest to determine whether toxicity by Galaxolide and Tonalide may be linked with polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) inhibition. A concentration-dependent study of PMPMEase inhibition by Galaxolide and Tonalide as well as their effects on the degeneration of cultured cells were conducted. Galaxolide and Tonalide inhibited purified porcine liver PMPMEase with Ki values of 11 and 14 μM, respectively. Galaxolide and Tonalide also induced human cancer cell degeneration with EC50 values of 26 and 98 μM (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells) and 58 and 14 μM (lung cancer A549 cells), respectively. The effects on cell viability correlate well with the inhibition of PMPMEase activity in the cultured cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the binding interactions are most likely between the fragrance molecules and hydrophobic amino acids in the active site of the enzyme. These results appear to suggest that the reported neurotoxicity of these compounds may be associated with their inhibition of PMPMEase. Exposure to fragrances may pose a significant risk to individuals predisposed to developing degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Ayuk-Takem
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| | - Felix Amissah
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| | - Byron J. Aguilar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| | - Nazarius S. Lamango
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Benabent M, Estévez J. Separating esterase targets of organophosphorus compounds in the brain by preparative chromatography. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Kinetic interactions of a neuropathy potentiator (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) with the neuropathy target esterase and other membrane bound esterases. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:355-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Marrs TC, Maynard RL. Neurotranmission systems as targets for toxicants: a review. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:381-96. [PMID: 24036955 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit impulses from one nerve to another or from nerves to effector organs. Numerous neurotransmitters have been described in mammals, amongst them acetylcholine, amino acids, amines, peptides and gases. Toxicants may interact with various parts of neurotransmission systems, including synthetic and degradative enzymes, presynaptic vesicles and the specialized receptors that characterize neurotransmission systems. Important toxicants acting on the cholinergic system include the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) and substances that act on receptors such as nicotine and the neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid. An important substance acting on the glutamatergic system is domoic acid, responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters and their antagonists, fipronil (an insecticide) and strychnine respectively, are excitatory. Abnormalities of dopamine neurotransmission occur in Parkinson's disease, and a number of substances that interfere with this system produce Parkinsonian symptoms and clinical signs, including notably 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which is the precursor of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Fewer substances are known that interfere with adrenergic, histaminergic or seroninergic neurotransmission, but there are some examples. Among peptide neurotransmission systems, agonists of opioids are the only well-known toxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Marrs
- Edentox Associates, Pinehurst, Four Elms Road Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6AQ, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinico-pathologic features and emerging molecular mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:307-28. [PMID: 23897027 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a syndrome designation describing inherited disorders in which lower extremity weakness and spasticity are the predominant symptoms. There are more than 50 genetic types of HSP. HSP affects individuals of diverse ethnic groups with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.2 to 9.6 per 100,000. Symptoms may begin at any age. Gait impairment that begins after childhood usually worsens very slowly over many years. Gait impairment that begins in infancy and early childhood may not worsen significantly. Postmortem studies consistently identify degeneration of corticospinal tract axons (maximal in the thoracic spinal cord) and degeneration of fasciculus gracilis fibers (maximal in the cervico-medullary region). HSP syndromes thus appear to involve motor-sensory axon degeneration affecting predominantly (but not exclusively) the distal ends of long central nervous system (CNS) axons. In general, proteins encoded by HSP genes have diverse functions including (1) axon transport (e.g. SPG30/KIF1A, SPG10/KIF5A and possibly SPG4/Spastin); (2) endoplasmic reticulum morphology (e.g. SPG3A/Atlastin, SPG4/Spastin, SPG12/reticulon 2, and SPG31/REEP1, all of which interact); (3) mitochondrial function (e.g. SPG13/chaperonin 60/heat-shock protein 60, SPG7/paraplegin; and mitochondrial ATP6); (4) myelin formation (e.g. SPG2/Proteolipid protein and SPG42/Connexin 47); (5) protein folding and ER-stress response (SPG6/NIPA1, SPG8/K1AA0196 (Strumpellin), SGP17/BSCL2 (Seipin), "mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia" owing to CcT5 mutation and presumably SPG18/ERLIN2); (6) corticospinal tract and other neurodevelopment (e.g. SPG1/L1 cell adhesion molecule and SPG22/thyroid transporter MCT8); (7) fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism (e.g. SPG28/DDHD1, SPG35/FA2H, SPG39/NTE, SPG54/DDHD2, and SPG56/CYP2U1); and (8) endosome membrane trafficking and vesicle formation (e.g. SPG47/AP4B1, SPG48/KIAA0415, SPG50/AP4M1, SPG51/AP4E, SPG52/AP4S1, and VSPG53/VPS37A). The availability of animal models (including bovine, murine, zebrafish, Drosophila, and C. elegans) for many types of HSP permits exploration of disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review highlights emerging concepts of this large group of clinically similar disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J. Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride, a Potentiator of Neuropathy, Alters the Interaction of Organophosphorus Compounds with Soluble Brain Esterases. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2393-401. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300257p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mangas
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emerick GL, Ehrich M, Jortner BS, Oliveira RV, Deoliveira GH. Biochemical, histopathological and clinical evaluation of delayed effects caused by methamidophos isoforms and TOCP in hens: ameliorative effects using control of calcium homeostasis. Toxicology 2012; 302:88-95. [PMID: 22974967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the potential of the isoforms of methamidophos to cause organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in hens. In addition to inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calpain activation, spinal cord lesions and clinical signs were assessed. The isoforms (+)-, (±)- and (-)-methamidophos were administered at 50mg/kg orally; tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) was administered (500mg/kg, po) as positive control for delayed neuropathy. The TOCP hens showed greater than 80% and approximately 20% inhibition of NTE and AChE in hen brain, respectively. Among the isoforms of methamidophos, only the (+)-methamidophos was capable of inhibiting NTE activity (approximately 60%) with statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Calpain activity in brain increased by 40% in TOCP hens compared to the control group when measured 24h after dosing and remained high (18% over control) 21 days after dosing. Hens that received (+)-methamidophos had calpain activity 12% greater than controls. The histopathological findings and clinical signs corroborated the biochemical results that indicated the potential of the (+)-methamidophos to be the isoform responsible for OPIDN induction. Protection against OPIDN was examined using a treatment of 2 doses of nimodipine (1mg/kg, i.m.) and one dose of calcium gluconate (5mg/kg, i.v.). The treatment decreased the effect of OPIDN-inducing TOCP and (+)-methamidophos on calpain activity, spinal cord lesions and clinical signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Emerick
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glynn P. Neuronal phospholipid deacylation is essential for axonal and synaptic integrity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:633-41. [PMID: 22903185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recessively-inherited deficiency in the catalytic activity of calcium-independent phospholipase A2-beta (iPLA2β) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) causes infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively. Thus, these two related phospholipases have non-redundant functions that are essential for structural integrity of synapses and axons. Both enzymes are expressed in essentially all neurons and also have independent roles in glia. iPLA2β liberates sn-2 fatty acid and lysophospholipids from diacyl-phospholipids. Ca(2+)-calmodulin tonically-inhibits iPLA2β, but this can be alleviated by oleoyl-CoA. Together with fatty acyl-CoA-mediated conversion of lysophospholipid to diacyl-phospholipid this may regulate sn-2 fatty acyl composition of phospholipids. In the nervous system, iPLA2β is especially important for the turnover of polyunsaturated fatty acid-associated phospholipid at synapses. More information is required on the interplay between iPLA2β and iPLA2-gamma in deacylation of neuronal mitochondrial phospholipids. NTE reduces levels of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) by degrading it to glycerophosphocholine and two free fatty acids. The substrate for NTE may be nascent PtdCho complexed with a phospholipid-binding protein. Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation enhances PtdCho synthesis and may allow PtdCho accumulation by coordinate inhibition of NTE activity. NTE operates primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum in neuronal soma but is also present in axons. NTE-mediated PtdCho homeostasis facilitates membrane trafficking and this appears most critical for the integrity of axon terminals in the spinal cord and hippocampus. For maintenance of peripheral nerve axons, iPLA2β activity may be able to compensate for NTE-deficiency but not vice-versa. Whether agonists acting at neuronal receptors modulate the activity of either enzyme remains to be determined. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phospholipids and Phospholipid Metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glynn
- Department of Cell Physiology & Pharmacology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emerick GL, DeOliveira GH, dos Santos AC, Ehrich M. Mechanisms for consideration for intervention in the development of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 199:177-84. [PMID: 22819951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by ataxia progressing to paralysis with concomitant central and peripheral distal axonopathy. Symptoms of OPIDN in people include tingling of the hands and feet. This tingling is followed by sensory loss, progressive muscle weakness and flaccidity of the distal skeletal muscles of the lower and upper extremities and ataxia, which appear about 8-14 days after exposure. Some organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that are still used in worldwide agriculture have potential to induce OPIDN, including methamidophos, trichlorfon, dichlorvos and chorpyrifos. This review summarizes experimental attempts to prevent and/or treat OPIDN and the different mechanisms involved in each approach. The initial mechanism associated with development of OPIDN is phosphorylation and inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE). The phosphorylated enzyme undergoes a second reaction known as "aging" that results in the loss of one of the "R" groups bound to the phosphorus of the OP. A second mechanism involved in OPIDN is an imbalance in calcium homeostasis. This can lead to the activation of calcium-activated neutral protease and increases in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. These events contribute to aberrant phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins and protein digestion in the terminal axon that can proceed similarly to Wallerian-type degeneration. Several experimental studies demonstrated alleviation of the signs and symptoms of OPIDN by restoring calcium balance. Other studies have used preadministration of NTE inhibitors, such as carbamates, thiocarbamates, sulfonyl fluorides and phosphinate to prevent OPIDN. Progress is being made, but there is yet no single specific treatment available for use in clinical practice to prevent or alleviate the severe effects of OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Emerick
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Identification of two novel splicing variants of murine NTE-related esterase. Gene 2012; 497:164-71. [PMID: 22326266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NTE-related esterase (NRE) is an insulin-regulated lysophospholipase with homology to neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which plays a role in energy metabolism. Here, we reported two alternative splicing variants of the murine NRE (mNRE) gene, termed mNREV1 and mNREV2. Genomic organization analysis indicated that 5' splice site of mNRE intron 33 was changed in both mNREV1 and mNREV2, and mNRE exon 21 was deleted in mNREV2. mNREV1 had the same protein domains with mNRE, while mNREV2 lacked the patatin domain in the C-terminal catalytic region. Green fluorescent protein-mNREV1 or mNREV2 fusion proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. mNREV1 and mNRE exhibited equal hydrolytic activity to the substrate phenyl valerate, whereas mNREV2 did not have any catalytic activity. The expression profiles of mNRE and its splicing isoforms in white adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and testis tissues were further analyzed by real time quantitative-PCR in fed and fasted states, which indicated that the major isoform of mNRE mRNA generated switched from mNREV2 to mNREV1 during fasting. Thus there was a nutritional regulation of mNRE expression at the mRNA levels via alternative splicing.
Collapse
|
30
|
Comparative in vitro study of the inhibition of human and hen esterases by methamidophos enantiomers. Toxicology 2012; 292:145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Neurodegenerations Induced by Organophosphorous Compounds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 724:189-204. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
32
|
Aguilar B, Amissah F, Duverna R, Lamango NS. Polyisoprenylation potentiates the inhibition of polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase and the cell degenerative effects of sulfonyl fluorides. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:752-62. [PMID: 21599633 DOI: 10.2174/156800911796191015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The polyisoprenylation pathway incorporates a reversible step that metabolizes polyisoprenylated methylated proteins from the ester to the carboxylate form. Polyisoprenylated protein methyl transferase (PPMTase) catalyses the esterification whereas polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) hydrolyzes them. Significant changes in the balance between the two enzymes may alter polyisoprenylated protein function possibly resulting in disease. Previous studies show that PMPMEase is the serine hydrolase, Sus scrofa carboxylesterase. Its susceptibility to the nonspecific serine hydrolase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) paved the way for its use as a prototypical compound to design and synthesize a series of putative high affinity specific inhibitors of PMPMEase. Pseudo first-order kinetics revealed an over 680-fold increase in k(obs)/[I] values from PMSF (6 M(-1)-1s(-1)), S-phenyl (L-50, 180 M(-1)s(-1)), S-benzyl (L-51, 350 M(-1)s(-1)), S-trans, trans-farnesyl (L-28, 2000 M(-1)s(-1)), to S-trans-geranylated (L-23, 4100 M(-1)s(-1)) 2-thioethanesulfonyl fluorides. C10 S-alkyl substitution revealed a k(obs)/[I] value (1800 M(-1)s(-1)) that was 298 times greater than that for PMSF. The compounds induced the degeneration of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with EC(50) values of 49, 130 and >1000 µM for L-28, L-23 and PMSF, respectively. The increased affinity with the polyisoprenyl derivatization is consistent with the observed substrate specificity and the reported hydrophobic nature of the active site. These results suggest that (1) PMPMEase is a key enzyme for polyisoprenylated protein metabolism, (2) regulation of its activity is essential for maintaining normal cell viability, (3) abnormal activities may be involved in degenerative diseases and cancers and (4) its specific inhibitors may be useful in combating cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron Aguilar
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rainier S, Albers JW, Dyck PJ, Eldevik OP, Wilcock S, Richardson RJ, Fink JK. Motor neuron disease due to neuropathy target esterase gene mutation: clinical features of the index families. Muscle Nerve 2011; 43:19-25. [PMID: 21171093 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that mutations in the neuropathy target esterase (NTE) gene cause autosomal recessive motor neuron disease (NTE-MND). We describe clinical, neurophysiologic, and neuroimaging features of affected subjects in the index families. NTE-MND subjects exhibited progressive lower extremity spastic weakness that began in childhood and was later associated with atrophy of distal leg and intrinsic hand muscles. NTE-MND resembles Troyer syndrome, except that short stature, cognitive impairment, and dysmorphic features, which often accompany Troyer syndrome, are not features of NTE-MND. Early onset, symmetry, and slow progression distinguish NTE-MND from typical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NTE is implicated in organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). NTE-MND patients have upper and lower motor neuron deficits that are similar to OPIDN. Motor neuron degeneration in subjects with NTE mutations supports the role of NTE and its biochemical cascade in the molecular pathogenesis of OPIDN and possibly other degenerative neurologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Rainier
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 5013 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gubert P, Ávila DS, Bridi JC, Saurin S, Lugokenski TH, Villarinho JG, Fachinetto R, Pereira ME, Ferreira J, da Rocha JBT, Soares FAA. Low concentrations of methamidophos do not alter AChE activity but modulate neurotransmitters uptake in hippocampus and striatum in vitro. Life Sci 2011; 88:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Jokanović M, Kosanović M, Brkić D, Vukomanović P. Organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy in man: An overview. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113:7-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Xin X, Zeng T, Dou DD, Zhao S, Du JY, Pei JJ, Xie KQ, Zhao XL. Changes of mitochondrial ultrastructures and function in central nervous tissue of hens treated with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1062-72. [PMID: 20965953 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110386815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), an organophosphorus ester, is capable of producing organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in humans and sensitive animals. The mechanism of OPIDN has not been fully understood. The present study has been designed to evaluate the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions in the development of OPIDN. Adult hens were treated with 750 mg/kg·bw TOCP by gavage and control hens were given an equivalent volume of corn oil. On day 1, 5, 15, 21 post-dosing, respectively, hens were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The cerebral cortex cinerea and the ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord were dissected for electron microscopy. Another batch of hens were randomly divided into three experimental groups and control group. Hens in experimental groups were, respectively, given 185, 375, 750 mg/kg·bw TOCP orally and control group received solvent. After 1, 5, 15, 21 days of administration, they were sacrificed and the cerebrum and spinal cord dissected for the determination of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), membrane potential (Δψ(m)) and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Structural changes of mitochondria were observed in hens' nervous tissues, including vacuolation and fission, which increased with time post-dosing. MPT was increased in both the cerebrum and spinal cord, with the most noticeable increase in the spinal cord. Δψ(m) was decreased in both the cerebrum and spinal cord, although there was no significant difference in the three treated groups and control group. The activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase assayed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) reduction also confirmed mitochondrial dysfunctions following development of OPIDN. The results suggested mitochondrial dysfunction might partly account for the development of OPIDN induced by TOCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Institute of Toxicology, Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu SH, Yang CN, Pan HC, Sung YJ, Liao KK, Chen WB, Lin WZ, Sheu ML. IL-13 downregulates PPAR-gamma/heme oxygenase-1 via ER stress-stimulated calpain activation: aggravation of activated microglia death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1465-76. [PMID: 20221786 PMCID: PMC11115918 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 (IL-13) has been shown to induce the death of activated microglia. We observed that IL-13, but not IL-4 or IL-10, significantly enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, apoptosis and death in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-13 enhanced ER stress-regulated calpain activation and calpain-II expression in LPS-activated microglia. Calpain-II siRNA effectively reversed the IL-13 + LPS-activated caspase-12 activation. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) was also increased in activated microglia, and this was effectively blocked by IL-13 and recombinant calpain. Both HO-1 inhibitor and PPAR-gamma antagonist augmented, but calpain inhibitor and PPAR-gamma agonists reversed, apoptosis induction in activated microglia. Transfection of PPAR-gamma siRNA effectively inhibited HO-1 protein expression in activated microglia. LPS stimulated transcriptional activation of HO-1 via an increase in PPAR-gamma DNA binding activity, which was reversed by IL-13. These results indicate that an ER stress-related calpain-down-regulated PPAR-gamma/HO-1 pathway is involved in the IL-13-enhanced activated death of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Influence of lysophospholipid hydrolysis by the catalytic domain of neuropathy target esterase on the fluidity of bilayer lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1533-9. [PMID: 20346913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an integral membrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in neurons. Irreversible inhibition of NTE by certain organophosphorus compounds produces a paralysis known as organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neuropathy. In vitro, NTE has phospholipase/lysophospholipase activity that hydrolyses exogenously added single-chain lysophospholipids in preference to dual-chain phospholipids, and NTE mutations have been associated with motor neuron disease. NTE's physiological role is not well understood, although recent studies suggest that it may control the cytotoxic accumulation of lysophospholipids in membranes. We used the NTE catalytic domain (NEST) to hydrolyze palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (p-lysoPC) to palmitic acid in bilayer membranes comprising 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and the fluorophore 1-oleoyl-2-[12-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]dodecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-PC). Translational diffusion coefficients (D(L)) in supported bilayer membranes were measured by fluorescence recovery after pattern photobleaching (FRAPP). The average D(L) for DOPC/p-lysoPC membranes without NEST was 2.44 microm(2)s(-1)+/-0.09; the D(L) for DOPC/p-lysoPC membranes containing NEST and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, an inhibitor, was nearly identical at 2.45+/-0.08. By contrast, the D(L) for membranes comprising NEST, DOPC, and p-lysoPC was 2.28+/-0.07, significantly different from the system with inhibited NEST, due to NEST hydrolysis. Likewise, a system without NEST containing the amount of palmitic acid that would have been produced by NEST hydrolysis of p-lysoPC was identical at 2.26+/-0.06. These results indicate that NTE's catalytic activity can alter membrane fluidity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Emerick GL, Peccinini RG, de Oliveira GH. Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy: A simple and efficient therapeutic strategy. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
40
|
Gambalunga A, Pasqualato F, Lotti M. Soluble phenyl valerate esterases of hen sciatic nerve and the potentiation of organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 187:340-3. [PMID: 20097189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to some organophosphorus esters (OPs), certain esterase inhibitors including sulfonyl halides, carbamates and phosphinates do not cause axonal neuropathy, but they may exacerbate traumatic and some chemical insults to axons. This phenomenon is referred to as the promotion/potentiation of axonopathies. We report here promotion studies of the organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP). This neuropathy correlates with inhibition/aging of neuropathy target esterase, but this enzyme is not the target of promotion. Soluble phenyl valerate (PV) esterases in peak I (V(0)) of hen sciatic nerve were analysed. When these activities were inhibited in vitro by a mixture containing mipafox - an OP that causes OPIDP - paraoxon and p-toluene sulfonyl fluoride - two esterase inhibitors that do not cause either neuropathy or promotion-, then the remaining activity was sensitive to classical promoters such as phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and phenylmethyl benzyl carbamate. This PV-activity was not inhibited in sciatic nerves of hens treated with di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate, at a dose that causes OPIDP. When these birds were further dosed with PMSF a dose-response relationship was observed between inhibition of PV-esterases, as above defined, and the severity of clinical responses. These data suggest that the target of promotion is embraced in peak I (V(0)) of soluble proteins of hen sciatic nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gambalunga
- Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Medicina Ambientale e Sanita' Pubblica, Via Giustiniani 2, 30128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thirteen-year follow-up of patients with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate poisoning in northern suburbs of Xi’an in China. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30:1084-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
The enzyme neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is present in neurons and deacylates the major membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Mutation of the NTE gene or poisoning by neuropathic organophosphates--chemical inhibitors of NTE--causes distal degeneration of long spinal axons in humans. However, analogous neuropathological changes have not been reported in nestin-cre:NTEfl/fl mice with NTE-deficient neural tissue. Furthermore, altered PtdCho homeostasis has not been detected in NTE-deficient vertebrates. Here, we describe distal degeneration of the longest spinal axons in approximately 3-week-old nestin-cre:NTEfl/fl mice and in adult C57BL/6J mice after acute dosing with a neuropathic organophosphate: in both groups early degenerative lesions were followed by swellings comprising accumulated axoplasmic material. In mice dosed acutely with organophosphate, maximal numbers of lesions, in the longest spinal sensory axon tract, were attained within days and were preceded by a transient rise in neural PtdCho. In nestin-cre:NTEfl/fl mice, sustained elevation of PtdCho over many months was accompanied by progressive degeneration and massive swelling of axons in sensory and motor spinal tracts and by increasing hindlimb dysfunction. Axonal lesion distribution closely resembled that in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). The importance of defective membrane trafficking in HSP and the association of NTE with the endoplasmic reticulum--the starting point for the constitutive secretory pathway and transport of neuronal materials into axons--prompted investigation for a role of NTE in secretion. Cultured NTE-deficient neurons displayed modestly impaired secretion, consistent with neuronal viability and damage in vivo initially restricted to distal parts of the longest axons.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hou WY, Long DX, Wu YJ. Effect of inhibition of neuropathy target esterase in mouse nervous tissues in vitro on phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine homeostasis. Int J Toxicol 2009; 28:417-24. [PMID: 19620706 DOI: 10.1177/1091581809340704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase has been shown to be a lysophospholipase in mouse. The authors investigate the effect of neuropathy target esterase inhibition in mouse nervous tissues in vitro on the homeostasis of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine by treating the homogenates with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate, paraoxon, paraoxon plus mipafox, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The activity of neuropathy target esterase is significantly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and paraoxon plus mipafox but not by paraoxon alone. Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate slightly but significantly inhibits neuropathy target esterase activity in brain. The levels of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in all 3 nervous tissues are not obviously altered after treatment with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate, paraoxon, or paraoxon plus mipafox. However, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine levels are clearly enhanced by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. It is concluded that inhibition of neuropathy target esterase in mouse nervous tissues is not enough to disrupt the homeostasis of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine and that the upregulation by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride may be the consequence of combined inhibition of neuropathy target esterase and other phospholipases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Hou
- Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chang PA, Wu YJ. Motor neuron diseases and neurotoxic substances: A possible link? Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:127-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
45
|
Rosenbluth J, Schiff R, Lam P, Nuriel T, Chao MV. Spongiform pathology in mouse CNS lacking 'neuropathy target esterase' and cellular prion protein. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35:433-7. [PMID: 19524041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional inactivation of the 'neuropathy target esterase' (NTE) gene in mouse nerve cells was previously shown to result in CNS pathology comparable to the spongiform encephalopathy characteristic of prion diseases. To determine whether cellular prion protein (PrPc) is essential for development of this pathology we examined hippocampi of mice lacking NTE alone, PrPc alone or both NTE and PrPc. Light microscopic survey showed clear-cut spongiform changes in a majority of NTE-/- and NTE/PrP-/- double knockout mice but in only one PrP-/- mouse. EM analysis of spongiform lesions from NTE-/- and NTE/PrP-/- mice, and from the one affected PrP-/- mouse, revealed patches of branching tubular inclusions, comparable to the 'tubulovesicular inclusions' described previously in prion diseases. We conclude that spongiform pathology in conditional NTE knockout mice is not mediated by PrPc, and that tubulovesicular inclusions can be seen in spongiform encephalopathy of other etiologies and are not pathognomonic of prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rosenbluth
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, PHB 833, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hou WY, Long DX, Wu YJ. The homeostasis of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in nervous tissues of mice was not disrupted after administration of tri-o-cresyl phosphate. Toxicol Sci 2009; 109:276-85. [PMID: 19349639 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is proven to act as a lysophospholipase (LysoPLA) in mice and phospholipase B (PLB) in cultured mammalian cells. In sensitive species, organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neurotoxicity is initiated when NTE is inhibited by > 70% and then aged. It is hypothesized that homeostasis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in mice might be disrupted by the OPs since NTE and other phospholipases could be inhibited. To test this hypothesis, we treated mice using tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which can inhibit and age NTE. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), which inhibits NTE but cannot age, was used as a negative control. Effects on activity of NTE, LysoPLA, and PLB, the levels of PC, LPC, and glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and the aging of NTE in the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve were examined. The results showed that the activities of NTE, NTE-LysoPLA, LysoPLA, NTE-PLB, and PLB were significantly inhibited in both TOCP- and PMSF-treated mice, and the inhibition of NTE and NTE-LysoPLA or NTE-PLB showed a high correlation coefficient. The NTE inhibited by TOCP was of the aged type, while nearly all NTE inhibited by PMSF was of the unaged type. Although the GPC level was remarkedly decreased, no significant change of PC and LPC levels was observed. However, the inhibition of these enzymes in mice by TOCP exhibited different characteristics from the TOCP-treated hens that we previously reported, which indicates that these enzymes were inhibited and then recovered more rapidly in mice than in hens. All results suggest that PC and LPC homeostasis was not disrupted in mice after exposure to TOCP. Differences in inhibition of NTE, LysoPLA, and PLB activities by TOCP between mice and hens may elucidate why these two species display different signs after exposure to the same neuropathic OPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chang PA, Long DX, Wu YJ, Sun Q, Song FZ. Identification and characterization of chicken neuropathy target esterase. Gene 2009; 435:45-52. [PMID: 19393187 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) was proposed as the initial target during the process of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and adult hens are the animal model of OPIDN. However, little has been known about the sequence and characteristics of chicken NTE. Here, we firstly identified the full length cDNA of chicken NTE (cNTE), which contained an open reading frame of 3966 nucleotides encoding 1321 amino acids. Chicken NTE had two distinct regions, one was the regulatory domain (cNTER) and the other was the catalytic domain (cNEST). Over-expression of cNTER in mammalian cells did not show any NTE activity, whereas cNEST had NTE activity. Cells expressing cNTER tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed accumulation of cNTER-GFP in an endoplasmic reticulum-like localization pattern. In addition, macroautophagy and the proteasome pathways were found to be involved in the degradation of cNTER, but not cNEST. These results first showed that cNTE was an ER-anchored protein and degraded by macroautophagy as well as the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-An Chang
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nan'an District, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kretzschmar D. Swiss cheese et allii, some of the first neurodegenerative mutants isolated in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2009; 23:34-41. [PMID: 19132601 DOI: 10.1080/01677060802471635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila has only recently become a model organism to study progressive neurodegeneration, mainly using transgenic flies expressing human disease genes. However, classical forward genetics isolating and characterizing fly mutants that show characteristic features of progressive neurodegeneration can also provide a useful tool to get insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, the first such mutants have been already isolated in the 1970s, and this review focuses on the description of four such mutants originally isolated by Martin Heisenberg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kretzschmar
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Swiss Cheese, a protein involved in progressive neurodegeneration, acts as a noncanonical regulatory subunit for PKA-C3. J Neurosci 2008; 28:10885-92. [PMID: 18945896 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3015-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Swiss Cheese (SWS) protein and its vertebrate ortholog Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE) are required for neuronal survival and glial integrity. In humans, NTE is the target of organophosphorous compounds which cause a paralyzing axonal degeneration and recently mutations in NTE have been shown to cause a Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia called NTE-related Motor-Neuron Disorder. SWS and NTE are concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum and both have been shown to have an esterase function against an artificial substrate. However, the functional mechanisms and the pathways in which SWS/NTE are involved in are still widely unknown. Here, we show that SWS interacts specifically with the C3 catalytic subunit of cAMP activated protein kinase (PKA-C3), which together with orthologs in mouse (Pkare) and human (PrKX) forms a novel class of catalytic subunits of unknown function. This interaction requires a domain of SWS which shows homology to regulatory subunits of PKA and, like conventional regulatory subunits, the binding of SWS to the PKA-C3 inhibits its function. Consistent with this result, expression of additional PKA-C3 induces degeneration and enhances the neurodegenerative phenotype in sws mutants. We also show that the complex formation with the membrane-bound SWS tethers PKA-C3 to membranes. We therefore propose a model in which SWS acts as a noncanonical subunit for PKA-C3, whereby the complex formation regulates the localization and kinase activity of PKA-C3, and that disruption of this regulation can induce neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kerr JR, Petty R, Burke B, Gough J, Fear D, Sinclair LI, Mattey DL, Richards SCM, Montgomery J, Baldwin DA, Kellam P, Harrison TJ, Griffin GE, Main J, Enlander D, Nutt DJ, Holgate ST. Gene expression subtypes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1171-84. [PMID: 18462164 DOI: 10.1086/533453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a multisystem disease, the pathogenesis of which remains undetermined. We set out to determine the precise abnormalities of gene expression in the blood of patients with CFS/ME. We analyzed gene expression in peripheral blood from 25 patients with CFS/ME diagnosed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria and 50 healthy blood donors, using a microarray with a cutoff fold difference of expression of >or=2.5. Genes showing differential expression were further analyzed in 55 patients with CFS/ME and 75 healthy blood donors, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Differential expression was confirmed for 88 genes; 85 were upregulated, and 3 were downregulated. Highly represented functions were hematological disease and function, immunological disease and function, cancer, cell death, immune response, and infection. Clustering of quantitative polymerase chain reaction data from patients with CFS/ME revealed 7 subtypes with distinct differences in Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 scores, clinical phenotypes, and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Kerr
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, London.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|