1
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Seki S, Yoshida K, Sugisaki M, Yamano N, Fujii R. Characterization of the Ultraviolet-B Absorption Band of Carotenoids Using Solvent-dependent Shifts in Steady-State and Transient Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5623-5629. [PMID: 38833602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The versatile functions of carotenoids in biological systems are associated with the extended π-electron conjugation system. Strong visible absorption resulting from the optically allowed S2 (1Bu+) state and the low-lying optically forbidden S1 (2Ag-) state examined. Carotenoids also exhibit an absorption band in the ultraviolet-B region; however, the origin of this band (hereafter referred to as Suv state) is not well characterized. The Suv state is a candidate for the destination level of the well-known S1 → Sn transient absorption; however, an obvious energy mismatch has been observed. In this study, we examined the steady-state and picosecond transient absorption spectra of lycopene in various solvents. The Suv absorption of carotenoids with diverse conjugation lengths was also examined. The dependence of the energies on solvent polarizability and conjugation length revealed that both Suv and Sn are the "second" Bu+ state. The absorption spectrum for lycopene at 200 K revealed an additional vibrational band, which may be the vibrational origin of the S0 → Suv band. Considering the slow vibrational relaxation of the 2Ag- state, the S1 → Sn transition may represent the 2Ag- (v = 1) → 2Bu+ (v = 0) transition, and the energetic contradiction can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Seki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugisaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nami Yamano
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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2
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Yakovlev AG, Taisova AS, Fetisova ZG. Dynamic Stark effect in β and γ carotenes induced by photoexcitation of bacteriochlorophyll c in chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:291-302. [PMID: 36115930 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosomes of green bacteria can be considered as a prototype of future artificial light-harvesting devices due to their unique property of self-assembly of a large number of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c/d/e molecules into compact aggregates. The presence of carotenoids (Cars) in chlorosomes is very important for photoprotection, light harvesting and structure stabilization. In this work, we studied for the first time the electrochromic band shift (Stark effect) in Cars of the phototrophic filamentous green bacterium Chloroflexus (Cfx.) aurantiacus induced by fs light excitation of the main pigment, BChl c. The high accuracy of the spectral measurements permitted us to extract a small wavy spectral feature, which, obviously, can be associated with the dynamic shift of the Car absorption band. A global analysis of spectroscopy data and theoretical modeling of absorption spectra showed that near 60% of Cars exhibited a red Stark shift of ~ 25 cm-1 and the remaining 40% exhibited a blue shift. We interpreted this finding as evidence of various orientations of Car in chlorosomes. We estimated the average value of the light-induced electric field strength in the place of Car molecules as ~ 106 V/cm and the average distance between Car and the neighboring BChl c as ~ 10 Å. We concluded that the dynamics of the Car electrochromic band shift mainly reflected the dynamics of exciton migration through the chlorosome toward the baseplate within ~ 1 ps. Our work has unambiguously shown that Cars are sensitive indicators of light-induced internal electric fields in chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Yakovlev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexandra S Taisova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zoya G Fetisova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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3
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Fiedor L, Dudkowiak A, Pilch M. The origin of the dark S 1 state in carotenoids: a comprehensive model. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190191. [PMID: 31480924 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In carotenoids, by analogy to polyenes, the symmetry of the π-electron system is often invoked to explain their peculiar electronic features, in particular the inactivity of the S0 → S1 transition in one-photon excitation. In this review, we verify whether the molecular symmetry of carotenoids and symmetry of their π-electron system are supported in experimental and computational studies. We focus on spectroscopic techniques which are sensitive to the electron density distribution, including the X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption, two-photon techniques, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Stark and vibrational spectroscopies, and on this basis we seek for the origin of inactivity of the S1 state. We come across no experimental and computational evidence for the symmetry effects and the existence of symmetry restrictions on the electronic states of carotenoids. They do not possess an inversion centre and the C2h symmetry approximation of carotenoid structure is by no means justified. In effect, the application of symmetry rules (and notification) to the electronic states of carotenoids in this symmetry group may lead to a wrong interpretation of experimental data. This conclusion together with the results summarized in the review allows us to advance a consistent model that explains the inactivity of the S0 → S1 transition. Within this model, S1 is never accessible from S0 due to the negative synergy of (i) the contributions of double excitations of very low probability, which elevate S1 energy, and (ii) a non-verticality of the S0 → S1 transition, due to the breaking of Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Certainly, our simple model requires a further experimental and theoretical verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Dudkowiak
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pilch
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387 Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Swainsbury DJK, Martin EC, Hunter CN, Blankenship RE. Origin of the S* Excited State Feature of Carotenoids in Light-Harvesting Complex 1 from Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7571-7585. [PMID: 28719215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This spectroscopic study investigates the origin of the transient feature of the S* excited state of carotenoids bound in LH1 complexes from purple bacteria. The studies were performed on two RC-LH1 complexes from Rba. sphaeroides strains that bound carotenoids with different carbon-carbon double bond conjugation N, neurosporene (N = 9) and spirilloxanthin (N = 13). The S* transient spectral feature, originally associated with an elusive and optically silent excited state of spirilloxanthin in the LH1 complex, may be successfully explained and mimicked without involving any unknown electronic state. The spectral and temporal characteristics of the S* feature suggest that it is associated with triplet-triplet annihilation of carotenoid triplets formed after direct excitation of the molecule via a singlet fission mechanism. Depending on pigment homogeneity and carotenoid assembly in the LH1 complex, the spectro-temporal component associated with triplet-triplet annihilation may simply resolve a pure T-S spectrum of a carotenoid. In some cases (like spirilloxanthin), the T-S feature will also be accompanied by a carotenoid Stark spectrum and/or residual transient absorption of minor carotenoid species bound into LH1 antenna complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J K Swainsbury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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5
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Hunter CN, Blankenship RE. Evaluating the Nature of So-Called S*-State Feature in Transient Absorption of Carotenoids in Light-Harvesting Complex 2 (LH2) from Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11123-11131. [PMID: 27726397 PMCID: PMC5098231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Carotenoids
are a class of natural pigments present in all phototrophic
organisms, mainly in their light-harvesting proteins in which they
play roles of accessory light absorbers and photoprotectors. Extensive
time-resolved spectroscopic studies of these pigments have revealed
unexpectedly complex photophysical properties, particularly for carotenoids
in light-harvesting LH2 complexes from purple bacteria. An ambiguous,
optically forbidden electronic excited state designated as S* has
been postulated to be involved in carotenoid excitation relaxation
and in an alternative carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer
pathway, as well as being a precursor of the carotenoid triplet state.
However, no definitive and satisfactory origin of the carotenoid S*
state in these complexes has been established, despite a wide-ranging
series of studies. Here, we resolve the ambiguous origin of the carotenoid
S* state in LH2 complex from Rba. sphaeroides by
showing that the S* feature can be seen as a combination of ground
state absorption bleaching of the carotenoid pool converted to cations
and the Stark spectrum of neighbor neutral carotenoids, induced by
temporal electric field brought by the carotenoid cation–bacteriochlorophyll
anion pair. These findings remove the need to assign an S* state,
and thereby significantly simplify the photochemistry of carotenoids
in these photosynthetic antenna complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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6
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Tronina T, Liu H, Staleva H, Komenda J, Sobotka R, Blankenship RE, Polívka T. Carotenoid-induced non-photochemical quenching in the cyanobacterial chlorophyll synthase-HliC/D complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1430-1439. [PMID: 27133505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chl synthase (ChlG) is an important enzyme of the Chl biosynthetic pathway catalyzing attachment of phytol/geranylgeraniol tail to the chlorophyllide molecule. Here we have investigated the Flag-tagged ChlG (f.ChlG) in a complex with two different high-light inducible proteins (Hlips) HliD and HliC. The f.ChlG-Hlips complex binds a Chl a and three different carotenoids, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. Application of ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy performed at room and cryogenic temperatures revealed excited-state dynamics of complex-bound pigments. After excitation of Chl a in the complex, excited Chl a is efficiently quenched by a nearby carotenoid molecule via energy transfer from the Chl a Qy state to the carotenoid S1 state. The kinetic analysis of the spectroscopic data revealed that quenching occurs with a time constant of ~2ps and its efficiency is temperature independent. Even though due to its long conjugation myxoxanthophyll appears to be energetically best suited for role of Chl a quencher, based on comparative analysis and spectroscopic data we propose that β-carotene bound to Hlips acts as the quencher rather than myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin, which are bound at the f.ChlG and Hlips interface. The S1 state lifetime of the quencher has been determined to be 13ps at room temperature and 21ps at 77K. These results demonstrate that Hlips act as a conserved functional module that prevents photodamage of protein complexes during photosystem assembly or Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Haijun Liu
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hristina Staleva
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings, Drive. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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7
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Greco JA, LaFountain AM, Kinashi N, Shinada T, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Magdaong NCM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Birge RR, Frank HA. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Carotenoid Deoxyperidinin: Direct Observation of the Forbidden S0 → S1 Transition. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2731-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Greco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Naoto Kinashi
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nikki Cecil M. Magdaong
- Department
of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings
Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Robert R. Birge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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8
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Pavlovich VS. Gas-phase energy of the S2←S0 transition and electrostatic properties of the S2 state of carotenoid peridinin via a solvatochromic shift and orientation broadening of the absorption spectrum. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1444-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effect on the position and the shape of the absorption spectrum of peridinin for 12 protic and aprotic solvents as well as the temperature effect for methanol were studied using a solvatochromic theory based on the Onsager sphere cavity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Pavlovich
- Division of Higher Mathematics and Physics
- Military Academy of Belarus
- Minsk 220057, Belarus
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Catalán
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
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10
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Christensson N, Žídek K, Magdaong NCM, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Zigmantas D. Origin of the Bathochromic Shift of Astaxanthin in Lobster Protein: 2D Electronic Spectroscopy Investigation of β-Crustacyanin. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11209-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Christensson
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Karel Žídek
- Department of Chemical
Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 21000,
Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikki Cecil M. Magdaong
- Department of
Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
Connecticut 06269-3060,
United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department of
Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
Connecticut 06269-3060,
United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of
Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
Connecticut 06269-3060,
United States
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical
Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 21000,
Lund, Sweden
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11
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Krawczyk S, Luchowski R. Vibronic structure and coupling of higher excited electronic states in carotenoids. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Renge I, Mauring K. Spectral shift mechanisms of chlorophylls in liquids and proteins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 102:301-313. [PMID: 23220672 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Origins of non-excitonic spectral shifts of chlorophylls that can reach -1,000 cm(-1) in pigment-protein complexes are actively debated in literature. We investigate possible shift mechanisms, basing on absorption and fluorescence measurements in large number of liquids. Transition wavelength in solvent-free state was estimated (±2 nm) for chlorophyll a (Chl a, 647 nm), Chl b (624 nm), bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a, 752 nm), and pheophytines. The dispersive-repulsive shift is a predominating mechanism. It depends on polarizability difference between the ground and the excited state Δα and the Lorenz-Lorentz function of refractive index of solvent (n). The approximate (± 2Å(3)) increase of polarizability Δα is close to 15Å(3) for S(1) bands of Chl a, BChl a, and BPheo a, slightly larger for Chl b (18Å(3)), and less for Pheo a (11Å(3)). The effect of solvent polarity, expressed in terms of static dielectric permittivity (ε) is relatively minor, but characteristic for different pigments and transitions. Remarkably, maximum influence of ε on S(1) band of BChl a is less (-20 ± 10 cm(-1)) than that for Chl a (-50 ± 10 cm(-1)), and not correlated with dipole moment changes on excitation Δμ (∼2D and 0.1 ± 0.1D, respectively). Hydrogen bonding in protic solvents produces red shifts in Chl a (-60 cm(-1)) and BChl a (-100 cm(-1)), but not in Chl b. Second axial ligand of BChl a has no influence on the S(1) band, whereas the S(2) transition suffers a -400 to -600 cm(-1) down shift. Aromatic character of solvent is responsible for a ∼-100 cm(-1) red shift of both Q transitions in BChl a. The S(1) bands in chlorophylls are relatively insensitive with respect to dielectric properties and specific solvation. Therefore, nontrivial mechanisms, yielding large site-energy shifts are expected in photosynthetic chlorophyll-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Renge
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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13
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Renge I. Solvatochromic shift mechanisms of centrosymmetric chromophores in polar liquids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Slouf V, Balashov SP, Lanyi JK, Pullerits T, Polívka T. Carotenoid response to retinal excitation and photoisomerization dynamics in xanthorhodopsin. Chem Phys Lett 2011; 516:96-101. [PMID: 22102759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of xanthorhodopsin, a proton pump with the carotenoid salinixanthin serving as an antenna, and the closely related bacteriorhodopsin. Upon excitation of retinal, xanthorhodopsin exhibits a wavy transient absorption pattern in the region between 470 and 540 nm. We interpret this signal as due to electrochromic effect of the transient electric field of excited retinal on salinixanthin. The spectral shift decreases during the retinal dynamics through the ultrafast part of the photocycle. Differences in dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin and xanthorhodopsin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Slouf
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
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15
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Renge I, Sild E. Absorption shifts in carotenoids—influence of index of refraction and submolecular electric fields. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Pang Y, Jones GA, Prantil MA, Fleming GR. Unusual Relaxation Pathway from the Two-Photon Excited First Singlet State of Carotenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2264-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908472y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Garth A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Matthew A. Prantil
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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17
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Pang Y, Prantil MA, Van Tassle AJ, Jones GA, Fleming GR. Excited-State Dynamics of 8′-Apo-β-caroten-8′-al and 7′,7′-Dicyano-7′-apo-β-carotene Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13086-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Matthew A. Prantil
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Aaron J. Van Tassle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Garth A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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18
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Krawczyk S, Jazurek B, Luchowski R, Wiącek D. Electroabsorption spectra of carotenoid isomers: Conformational modulation of polarizability vs. induced dipole moments. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Fujii R, Kusumoto T, Sashima T, Cogdell RJ, Gardiner AT, Hashimoto H. Sub-μ-second Time-Resolved Absorption Spectroscopy of a Polar Carotenoid Analogue, 2-(All-trans-retinylidene)indan-1,3-dione; Formation of the Dication by Direct Triplet-Excited Sensitization. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11117-22. [PMID: 16331894 DOI: 10.1021/jp054436i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sub-micro-second time-resolved difference absorption spectra of a polar carotenoid analogue, 2-(all-trans-retinylidene)indan-1,3-dione (hereafter, we will call RetInd), were recorded in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature upon anthracene-sensitized triplet excitation. In addition to the typical Tn <-- T1 absorption spectrum of anthracene followed by that of RetInd, a novel transient species, which peaked at 670 nm, was detected. The lifetime and the population of the 670 nm species was not affected by the presence of oxygen but was quenched by the cation scavenger, triethylamine. Therefore, we have identified this species as a "cation". The transient 670 nm species was not generated by direct photoexcitation of RetInd in the absence of a triplet sensitizer. Therefore, this species was not generated via the T1 species of RetInd but rather via an "invisible state" of RetInd, which is generated by direct energy or electron transfer from T1 anthracene. This proposed pathway was confirmed by a singular-value decomposition followed by a global fitting analysis. The "cation" of RetInd shows vibrational structure in its absorption spectrum, and its lifetime was determined to be 15 micros. Chemical oxidation of RetInd in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (dichloromethane) produced a broad absorption band around 880 (1013) nm, which could be transformed into a shoulder around 640 (675) nm upon addition of increasing amounts of the oxidant, FeCl3. The former absorption band can be assigned to a radical cation, while the latter to a dication. Because of the spectral similarity, the 670 nm species can be assigned to the dication, and the "invisible state" is ascribed to the radical cation of RetInd. This is the first direct evidence for the production of a dication of a biological polyene moiety generated in non-halogenated solution following anthracene-sensitized excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Fujii
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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20
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Premvardhan L, Papagiannakis E, Hiller RG, van Grondelle R. The Charge-Transfer Character of the S0 → S2 Transition in the Carotenoid Peridinin Is Revealed by Stark Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15589-97. [PMID: 16852977 DOI: 10.1021/jp052027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin, the carotenoid in the peridinin chlorophyll a protein (PCP), was studied by Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopy to determine the change in electrostatic properties produced on excitation within the absorption band, in methyl tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) versus ethylene glycol (EG), at 77 K. Strikingly, a large change in the permanent dipole moment (|Deltamu|) was found between the ground state, S(0) (1(1)A(g)(-)), and the Franck-Condon region of the S(2) (1(1)B(u)(+)) excited state, in both MeTHF (22 D) and EG (approximately 27 D), thus revealing the previously unknown charge transfer (CT) character of this pi-pi transition in peridinin. Such a large |Deltamu| produced on excitation, we suggest, facilitates the bending of the lactone moiety, toward which charge transfer occurs, and the subsequent formation of the previously identified intramolecular CT (ICT) state at lower energy. This unexpectedly large S(2) dipole moment, which has not been predicted even from high-level electronic structure calculations, is supported by calculating the shift of the peridinin absorption band as a function of solvent polarity, using the experimentally derived result. Overall, the photoinduced charge transfer uncovered here is expected to affect the excited-state reactivity of peridinin and, within the protein, be important for efficient energy transfer from the carotenoid S(2) and S(1)/ICT states to the chlorophylls in PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Premvardhan
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Sujak A, Gabrielska J, Milanowska J, Mazurek P, Strzałka K, Gruszecki WI. Studies on canthaxanthin in lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1712:17-28. [PMID: 15950595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polar carotenoid pigment - canthaxanthin - has been found to interfere with the organization of biological membranes, in particular of the retina membranes of an eye of primates. The organization of lipid membranes formed with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine containing canthaxanthin was studied by means of several techniques including: electronic absorption spectroscopy, linear dichroism, X-ray diffractometry, (1)H-NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. It appears that canthaxanthin present in the lipid membranes at relatively low concentration (below 1 mol% with respect to lipid) modifies significantly physical properties of the membranes. In particular, canthaxanthin (i) exerts restrictions to the segmental molecular motion of lipid molecules both in the headgroup region and in the hydrophobic core of the bilayer, (ii) promotes extended conformation of alkyl lipid chains, (iii) modifies the surface of the lipid membranes (in particular in the gel state, L(beta )) and promotes the aggregation of lipid vesicles. It is concluded that canthaxanthin incorporated into lipid membranes is distributed among two pools: one spanning the lipid bilayer roughly perpendicularly to the surface of the membrane and one parallel to the membrane, localized in the headgroup region. The population of the horizontal fraction increases with the increase in the concentration of the pigment in the lipid phase. Such a conclusion is supported by the linear dichroism analysis of the oriented lipid multibilayers containing canthaxanthin: The mean angle between the dipole transition moment and the axis normal to the plane of the membrane was determined as 20+/-3 degrees at 0.5 mol% and 47+/-3 degrees at 2 mol% canthaxanthin. The analysis of the absorption spectra of canthaxanthin in the lipid phase and (1)H-NMR spectra of lipids point to the exceptionally low aggregation threshold of the pigment in the membrane environment (approximately 1 mol%). All results demonstrate a very strong modifying effect of canthaxanthin with respect to the dynamic and structural properties of lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sujak
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Yanagi K, Shimizu M, Hashimoto H, Gardiner AT, Roszak AW, Cogdell RJ. Local Electrostatic Field Induced by the Carotenoid Bound to the Reaction Center of the Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter Sphaeroides. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:992-8. [PMID: 16866471 DOI: 10.1021/jp046929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electroabsorption (EA) spectra were recorded in the region of the reaction center (RC) Qy absorption bands of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) and bacteriopheophytin, to investigate the effect of carotenoid (Car) on the electrostatic environment of the RCs of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides. Two different RCs were prepared from Rb. sphaeroides strain R26.1 (R26.1-RC); R26.1 RC lacking Car and a reconstituted RC (R26.1-RC+ Car) prepared by incorporating a synthetic Car (3,4-dihydrospheroidene). Although there were no detectable differences between these two RCs in their near infrared (NIR) absorption spectra at 79 and 293 K, or in their EA spectra at 79 K, significant differences were detected in their EA spectra at 293 K. Three nonlinear optical parameters of each RC were determined in order to evaluate quantitatively these differences; transition dipole-moment polarizability and hyperpolarizability (D factor), the change in polarizability upon photoexcitation (Deltaalpha), and the change in dipole-moment upon photoexcitation (Deltamu). The value of D or Deltaalpha determined for each absorption band of the two RC samples showed similar values at 77 or 293 K. However, the Deltamu values of the special pair Bchls (P) and the monomer Bchls absorption bands showed significant differences between the two RCs at 293 K. X-ray crystallography of the two RCs has revealed that a single molecule of the solubilizing detergent LDAO occupies part of the carotenoid binding site in the absence of a carotenoid. The difference in the value of Deltamu therefore represents the differential effect of the detergent LDAO and the carotenoid on P. The change of electrostatic field around P induced by the presence of Car was determined to be 1.7 x 10(5) [V/cm], corresponding to a approximately 10% change in the electrostatic field around P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Light and Control, PRESTO/JST and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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23
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Herek JL, Wendling M, He Z, Polívka T, Garcia-Asua G, Cogdell RJ, Hunter CN, van Grondelle R, Sundström V, Pullerits T. Ultrafast Carotenoid Band Shifts: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Herek
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - M. Wendling
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - Z. He
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - T. Polívka
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - G. Garcia-Asua
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - R. J. Cogdell
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - C. N. Hunter
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - V. Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
| | - T. Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden, Krebs Institute and Robert Hill Institute for Photosynthesis, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U. K., Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U. K., and FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan
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24
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Palacios MA, Caffarri S, Bassi R, van Grondelle R, Amerongen Hv HV. Stark effect measurements on monomers and trimers of reconstituted light-harvesting complex II of plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1656:177-88. [PMID: 15178479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electric-field induced absorption changes (Stark effect) of reconstituted light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in different oligomerisation states-monomers and trimers-with different xanthophyll content have been probed at 77 K. The Stark spectra of the reconstituted control samples, containing the xanthophylls lutein and neoxanthin, are very similar to previously reported spectra of native LHCII. Reconstituted LHCII, containing lutein but no neoxanthin, shows a similar electrooptical response in the Chl a region, but the Stark signal of Chl b around 650 nm amounts to at most approximately 25% of that of the control samples. We conclude that neoxanthin strongly modifies the electronic states of the nearby Chl b molecules causing a large electrooptical response at 650 nm stemming from one or more Chls b in the control samples. Ambiguities about the assignment of several bands in the Soret region [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1605 (2003) 83] are resolved and the striking difference in electric field response between the two lutein molecules is confirmed. The Stark effect in the carotenoid spectral region in both control and neoxanthin-deficient samples is almost identical, showing that the neoxanthin Stark signal is small and much less intense than the lutein Stark signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Palacios
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Olszówka D, Krawczyk S, Maksymiec W. A study of molecular interactions in light-harvesting complexes LHCIIb, CP29, CP26 and CP24 by Stark effect spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1657:61-70. [PMID: 15238212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electric field-induced absorption changes (electrochromism or Stark effect) of the light-harvesting PSII pigment-protein complexes LHCIIb, CP29, CP26 and CP24 were investigated. The results indicate the lack of strong intermolecular interactions in the chlorophyll a (Chl a) pools of all complexes. Characteristic features occur in the electronic spectrum of Chl b, which reflect the increased values of dipole moment and polarizability differences between the ground and excited states of interacting pigment systems. The strong Stark signal recorded for LHCIIb at 650-655 nm is much weaker in CP29, where it is replaced by a unique Stark band at 639 nm. Electrochromism of Chl b in CP26 and CP24 is significantly weaker but increased electrochromic parameters were also noticed for the Chl b transition at 650 nm. The spectra in the blue region are dominated by xanthophylls. The differences in Stark spectra of Chl b are linked to differences in pigment content and organization in individual complexes and point to the possibility of electron exchange interactions between energetically similar and closely spaced Chl b molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olszówka
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, P1. M. Curie-Skl?odowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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26
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Palacios MA, Frese RN, Gradinaru CC, van Stokkum IHM, Premvardhan LL, Horton P, Ruban AV, van Grondelle R, van Amerongen H. Stark spectroscopy of the light-harvesting complex II in different oligomerisation states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1605:83-95. [PMID: 12907303 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(03)00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The electric field-induced absorption changes (Stark effect) of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in different oligomerisation states-monomeric, trimeric and aggregated-have been probed at 77 K. All the chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules exhibit electro-optic properties in the Q(y) absorption region characterized by a change in dipole moment /Deltamu-->/ =0.6+/-0.06D/f and polarizability, Tr(Deltaalpha;) approximately 55+/-5 A(3)/f(2) upon electronic excitation, which are similar to those of unbound monomeric Chl a, indicating the absence of strong delocalization of the excitations which would be expected in the presence of strong excitonic interactions. The Stark effect in the Chl b absorption region is significantly bigger with /Deltamu-->/ values of the order of 2.0+/-0.2 D/f and it is attributed to strong interactions with neoxanthin molecules. Clear oligomerisation-dependent differences are observed in the carotenoid region, mainly due to the appearance of a new xanthophyll absorption band at 509 in the spectra of trimers and oligomers. It is ascribed to some lutein molecules, in agreement with previous experimental observations. The electro-optic properties of these lutein molecules are significantly different from those of the other xanthophylls in LHCII, which do not exhibit such a big change in dipole moment upon electronic excitation (/Deltamu-->/ =14.6+/-2.0 D/f). Upon aggregation of LHCII some extra absorption appears on the red side of the main Chl a Q(y) absorption band. In contrast to an earlier suggestion [J. Phys. Chem., A 103 (1999) 2422], no indications are found for the charge-transfer character of the corresponding band. The assignments of the S(2) electronic transitions of neoxanthin and lutein in LHCII and possible origins of the Stark effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Palacios
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Wachsmann-Hogiu S, Peteanu LA, Liu LA, Yaron DJ, Wildeman J. The Effects of Structural and Microenvironmental Disorder on the Electronic Properties of Poly[2-methoxy,5-(2‘-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH−PPV) and Related Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0272769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Limin Angela Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - David J. Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Olszówka D, Maksymiec W, Krupa Z, Krawczyk S. Spectral analysis of pigment photobleaching in photosynthetic antenna complex LHCIIb. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2003; 70:21-30. [PMID: 12745243 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(03)00037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced photooxidation of chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and xanthophylls was investigated in LHCIIb, the antenna pigment-protein complex of photosystem II. Absorption difference spectra at normal and low temperatures show initially (at less than 25% Chl a decay) a selective bleaching of a red-shifted Chl b with absorption bands at 487 and 655 nm, Chl b (460/650 nm) and Chl a (433/670 nm), which changes to a less selective photooxidation pattern at deeper bleaching stages. Difference absorption spectra and HPLC analyses indicate different photooxidation rates of pigments in the order neoxanthin>Chl a>lutein approximately Chl b. Despite significant pigment loss as monitored with absorption spectra, CD spectra indicate an essentially complete persistence of the protein secondary structure. Fluorescence excitation spectra suggest the conversion of a small fraction of Chl a into pheophytin a which acts as a fluorescence quencher, possibly through temporary charge separation process. The strong features in the electroabsorption (Stark effect) spectra due to chlorophyll b at 655 nm and a xanthophyll at 510 nm, and the spectral changes mentioned above are assigned to Chl molecules located at several binding sites in LHCIIb protein and are discussed in the context of spatial configuration and interactions of pigment molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olszówka
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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29
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Frese RN, Palacios MA, Azzizi A, van Stokkum IHM, Kruip J, Rögner M, Karapetyan NV, Schlodder E, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. Electric field effects on red chlorophylls, beta-carotenes and P700 in cyanobacterial Photosystem I complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1554:180-91. [PMID: 12160991 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have probed the absorption changes due to an externally applied electric field (Stark effect) of Photosystem I (PSI) core complexes from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus elongatus and Spirulina platensis. The results reveal that the so-called C719 chlorophylls in S. elongatus and S. platensis are characterized by very large polarizability differences between the ground and electronically excited states (with Tr(Deltaalpha) values up to about 1000 A(3) f(-2)) and by moderately high change in permanent dipole moments (with average Deltamu values between 2 and 3 D f(-1)). The C740 chlorophylls in S. platensis and, in particular, the C708 chlorophylls in all three species give rise to smaller Stark shifts, which are, however, still significantly larger than those found before for monomeric chlorophyll. The results confirm the hypothesis that these states originate from strongly coupled chlorophyll a molecules. The absorption and Stark spectra of the beta-carotene molecules are almost identical in all complexes and suggest similar or slightly higher values for Tr(Deltaalpha) and Deltamu than for those of beta-carotene in solution. Oxidation of P700 did not significantly change the Stark response of the carotenes and the red antenna states C719 and C740, but revealed in all PSI complexes changes around 700-705 and 690-693 nm, which we attribute to the change in permanent dipole moments of reduced P700 and the chlorophylls responsible for the strong absorption band at 690 nm with oxidized P700, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul N Frese
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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