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Marie A, Loos PF. Reference Energies for Valence Ionizations and Satellite Transitions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4751-4777. [PMID: 38776293 PMCID: PMC11171335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Upon ionization of an atom or a molecule, another electron (or more) can be simultaneously excited. These concurrently generated states are called "satellites" (or shakeup transitions) as they appear in ionization spectra as higher-energy peaks with weaker intensity and larger width than the main peaks associated with single-particle ionizations. Satellites, which correspond to electronically excited states of the cationic species, are notoriously challenging to model using conventional single-reference methods due to their high excitation degree compared to the neutral reference state. This work reports 42 satellite transition energies and 58 valence ionization potentials (IPs) of full configuration interaction quality computed in small molecular systems. Following the protocol developed for the quest database [Véril, M.; Scemama, A.; Caffarel, M.; Lipparini, F.; Boggio-Pasqua, M.; Jacquemin, D.; and Loos, P.-F. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput. Mol. Sci. 2021, 11, e1517], these reference energies are computed using the configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI) method. In addition, the accuracy of the well-known coupled-cluster (CC) hierarchy (CC2, CCSD, CC3, CCSDT, CC4, and CCSDTQ) is gauged against these new accurate references. The performances of various approximations based on many-body Green's functions (GW, GF2, and T-matrix) for IPs are also analyzed. Their limitations in correctly modeling satellite transitions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Marie
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
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2
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Lowe B, Cardona AL, Bodi A, Mayer PM, Burgos Paci MA. The Unimolecular Chemistry of Methyl Chloroformate Ions and Neutrals: A Story of Near-Threshold Decomposition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2831-2839. [PMID: 38008918 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The near-threshold dissociation of ionized and neutral methyl chloroformate (CH3COOCl, MCF) was explored with imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. The threshold photoelectron spectrum (TPES) for MCF was acquired for the first time; the large geometry changes upon ionization of MCF result in a broad, poorly defined TPES. Franck-Condon simulations are consistent with an adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of 10.90 ± 0.05 eV. Ionized MCF dissociates by chlorine atom loss at a measured 0 K appearance energy (AE) of 11.30 ± 0.01 eV. Together with the above IE, this AE suggests a reaction barrier of 0.40 ± 0.05 eV, consistent with the SVECV-f12 computational result of 0.41 eV. At higher internal energies, the loss of CH3O• becomes competitive due to its lower entropy of activation. Pyrolysis of neutral MCF formed the anticipated major products CH3Cl + CO2 (R1) and the minor products HCl + CO + CH2O (R2). The thermal decomposition products were identified by their photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectrum (ms-TPES). Possible reaction pathways were explored computationally to confirm the dominant ones: R1 proceeds by a concerted Cl atom migration via a four-membered transition state in agreement with the mechanism proposed in the literature. R2 is a two-step reaction first yielding 2-oxiranone by HCl loss, which then decomposes to CH2O and CO. Kinetic modeling of the neutral decomposition could simulate the observed reactions only if the vibrational temperature of the MCF was assumed not to cool in the expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Alejandro L Cardona
- INFIQC - CONICET, Departamento fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina X5000HUA
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Maxi A Burgos Paci
- INFIQC - CONICET, Departamento fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina X5000HUA
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3
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Taatjes CA, Caravan RL, Winiberg FAF, Zuraski K, Au K, Sheps L, Osborn DL, Vereecken L, Percival CJ. Insertion products in the reaction of carbonyl oxide Criegee intermediates with acids: Chloro(hydroperoxy)methane formation from reaction of CH2OO with HCl and DCl. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1975199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Caravan
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Frank A. F. Winiberg
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Zuraski
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kendrew Au
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Leonid Sheps
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luc Vereecken
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carl J. Percival
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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4
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Majer K, Signorell R, Heringa MF, Goldmann M, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Valence Photoionization of Thymine: Ionization Energies, Vibrational Structure, and Fragmentation Pathways from the Slow to the Ultrafast. Chemistry 2019; 25:14192-14204. [PMID: 31469456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The photoionization of thymine has been studied by using vacuum ultraviolet radiation and imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy after aerosol flash vaporization and bulk evaporation. The two evaporation techniques have been evaluated by comparison of the photoelectron spectra and breakdown diagrams. The adiabatic ionization energies for the first four electronic states were determined to be 8.922±0.008, 9.851±0.008, 10.30±0.02, and 10.82±0.01 eV. Vibrational features have been assigned for the first three electronic states with the help of Franck-Condon factor calculations based on density functional theory and wave function theory vibrational analysis within the harmonic approximation. The breakdown diagram of thymine, as supported by composite method ab initio calculations, suggests that the main fragment ions are formed in sequential HNCO-, CO-, and H-loss dissociation steps from the thymine parent ion, with the first step corresponding to a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The dissociation rate constants were extracted from the photoion time-of-flight distributions and used together with the breakdown curves to construct a statistical model to determine 0 K appearance energies of 11.15±0.16 and 11.95±0.09 eV for the m/z 83 and 55 fragment ions, respectively. These results have allowed us to revise previously proposed fragmentation mechanisms and to propose a model for the final, nonstatistical H-loss step in the breakdown diagram, yielding the m/z 54 fragment ion at an appearance energy of 13.24 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Majer
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maarten F Heringa
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Present address: Givaudan Schweiz AG, 8310, Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Goldmann
- Gymnasium Lerbermatt, 3098, Köniz, Switzerland.,Hochschule Luzern - Technik & Architektur, 6048, Horw, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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5
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Wu X, Zhou X, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Dissociative Photoionization of Dimethyl Carbonate: The More It Is Cut, the Bigger the Fragment Ion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2748-2759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Cheng H, Cheng J, Song X. Ab initio study: the potential energy curves and ro-vibrational spectrum of low-lying excited states of HCl + cation. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinlu Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huajun Cheng
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Junxia Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshu Song
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Patanen M, Nicolas C, Linguerri R, Simões G, Travnikova O, Liu XJ, Hochlaf M, Bozek JD, Miron C. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy with angular selectivity - a tool to probe valence-Rydberg states and couplings in HCl(+). J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:4975-81. [PMID: 25007894 DOI: 10.1021/jp504505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to strong electron correlation effects and electron coupling with nuclear motion, the molecular inner-valence photoionization is still a challenge in electron spectroscopy, resulting in several interesting phenomena such as drastic changes of angular dependencies, spin-orbit induced predissociation, and complex interplay between adiabatic and nonadiabatic transitions. We investigated the excited electronic states of HCl(+) in the binding energy range 27.5-30.5 eV using synchrotron radiation based high-resolution inner-valence photoelectron spectroscopy with angular resolution and interpreted the observations with the help of ab initio calculations. Overlapping electronic states in this region were disentangled through the analysis of photoelectron emission anisotropies. For instance, a puzzling transition, which does not seem to obey either an adiabatic or a nonadiabatic picture, has been identified at ∼28.6 eV binding energy. By this study, we show that ultrahigh-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy with angular selectivity represents a powerful tool to probe the highly excited ionic molecular electronic states and their intricate couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patanen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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8
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Osswald P, Hemberger P, Bierkandt T, Akyildiz E, Köhler M, Bodi A, Gerber T, Kasper T. In situ flame chemistry tracing by imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:025101. [PMID: 24593390 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of a low-pressure flat flame burner with a flame-sampling interface to the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrometer (iPEPICO) of the VUV beamline at the Swiss Light Source is presented. The combination of molecular-beam mass spectrometry and iPEPICO provides a new powerful analytical tool for the detailed investigation of reaction networks in flames. First results demonstrate the applicability of the new instrument to comprehensive flame diagnostics and the potentially high impact for reaction mechanism development for conventional and alternative fuels. Isomer specific identification of stable and radical flame species is demonstrated with unrivaled precision. Radical detection and identification is achieved for the initial H-abstraction products of fuel molecules as well as for the reaction controlling H, O, and OH radicals. Furthermore, quantitative evaluation of changing species concentrations during the combustion process and the applicability of respective results for kinetic model validation are demonstrated. Utilization of mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra is shown to ensure precise signal assignment and highly reliable spatial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Osswald
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Institute of Combustion Technology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - P Hemberger
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Bierkandt
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - E Akyildiz
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Köhler
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Institute of Combustion Technology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - A Bodi
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Gerber
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Kasper
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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9
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Bodi A, Hemberger P. Imaging breakdown diagrams for bromobutyne isomers with photoelectron–photoion coincidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:505-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Chen LL, Xu YF, Feng Q, Tian SX, Liu FY, Shan XB, Sheng LS. Vacuum ultraviolet negative photoion spectroscopy of chloroform. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4248-54. [PMID: 21456568 DOI: 10.1021/jp2000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Negative ions Cl(-), Cl(2)(-), CCl(-), CHCl(-), and CCl(2)(-) are observed in vacuum-ultraviolet ion-pair photodissociations of chloroform (CCl(3)H) using the Hefei synchrotron radiation facility, and their ion production efficiency curves are recorded in the photon energy range of 10.00-21.50 eV. Two similar spectra of the isotope anions (35)Cl(-) and (37)Cl(-) indicate the following: Besides the strong bands corresponding to the electron transitions from valence to Rydberg orbitals converging to the ionic states, some additional peaks can be assigned with the energetically accessible multibody fragmentations; a distinct peak at photon energy 14.55 eV may be due to a cascade process (namely, the Cl(2) neutral fragment at the highly excited state D'2(3)Π(g) may be produced in the photodissociation of CCl(3)H, and then the Cl(-) anions are produced in the pulsed-field induced ion-pair dissociations of Cl(2) (D'2(3)Π(g))); two vibrational excitation progressions, nν(2)(+) and nν(2)(+) + ν(3)(+), and nν(4)(+) and nν(4)(+) + ν(2)(+), are observed around C̃ (2)E and D̃ (2)E ionic states, respectively. The enthalpies of the multibody fragmentations to Cl(2)(-), CCl(-), CHCl(-), and CCl(2)(-) are calculated with the thermochemistry data available in the literature, and these multibody ion-pair dissociation pathways are tentatively assigned in the respective anion production spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Li Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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11
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Hemberger P, Noller B, Steinbauer M, Fischer I, Alcaraz C, Cunha de Miranda BK, Garcia GA, Soldi-Lose H. Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cyclopropenylidene, Chlorocyclopropenylidene, and Their Deuterated Isotopomeres. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11269-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Bastian Noller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Michael Steinbauer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Bárbara K. Cunha de Miranda
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Gustavo A. Garcia
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Héloïse Soldi-Lose
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS & Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210- 340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, and Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin - BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
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12
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PENNO MARTIN, HOLZWARTH ANDREA, WEITZEL KARLMICHAEL. State selective predissociation spectroscopy of hydrogen chloride ions (HCl+) via the A2Σ+ ← X2Π3/2 transition. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979909482808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MARTIN PENNO
- a Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3, 14195 , Berlin , Germany
| | - ANDREA HOLZWARTH
- a Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3, 14195 , Berlin , Germany
| | - KARL-MICHAEL WEITZEL
- a Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3, 14195 , Berlin , Germany
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13
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Song D, Liu K, Kong FA, Li J, Mo Y. Ion-pair dissociation dynamics of HCl: fast predissociation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4919-22. [PMID: 19385674 DOI: 10.1021/jp900383z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the ion-pair dissociation dynamics of HCl --> Cl(-) ((1)S(0)) + H(+) in the 14.41-14.60 eV using tunable XUV laser and the velocity map imaging method. The measured ion-pair yield spectrum has P- and R-branch resolved vibrational structure, which indicates a predissociation mechanism for the ion-pair dissociation. All of the anisotropy parameters for the angular distribution of the fragments have the limiting values of beta = 2, which suggests that the predissociation occurs via (1)Sigma(+) Rydberg states, and is fast in comparison with the rotational period of HCl. To understand the predissociation dynamics, the diabatic potential energy curve of the ion-pair state has been calculated at the MRCI/CAS/vtz level. The experimental and theoretical results obtained in this work have provided a solid foundation for the previously proposed mechanism that the ion-pair dissociation occurs via predissociation of Rydberg states converging to HCl(+) (A(2)Sigma(+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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14
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Truong S, Yencha A, Juarez A, Cavanagh S, Bolognesi P, King G. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of H2O and D2O over the photon energy range 12–40eV. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Kvaran Á, Wang H, Matthiasson K, Bodi A, Jónsson E. Two-dimensional (2+n) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of HCl: Photorupture channels via the FΔ21 Rydberg state and ab initio spectra. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2996294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Romanescu C, Loock HP. Proton formation in 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton excitation of HCl and HBr via (Ω=0) Rydberg and ion-pair states. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:124304. [PMID: 17902900 DOI: 10.1063/1.2767259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular beam cooled HCl was state selected by two-photon excitation of the V (1) summation operator(0(+)) [v=9,11-13,15], E (1) summation operator(0(+)) [v=0], and g (3) summation operator(-)(0(+)) [v=0] states through either the Q(0) or Q(1) lines of the respective (1,3) summation operator(0(+))<--<--X (1) summation operator(0(+)) transition. Similarly, HBr was excited to the V (1) summation operator(0(+)) [v=m+3, m+5-m+8], E (1) summation operator(0(+)) [v=0], and H (1) summation operator(0(+)) [v=0] states through the Q(0) or Q(1) lines. Following absorption of a third photon, protons were formed by three different mechanisms and detected using velocity map imaging. (1) H(*)(n=2) was formed in coincidence with (2)P(i) halogen atoms and subsequently ionized. For HCl, photodissociation into H(*)(n=2)+Cl((2)P(12)) was dominant over the formation of Cl((2)P(32)) and was attributed to parallel excitation of the repulsive [(2) (2)Pi4llambda] superexcited (Omega=0) states. For HBr, the Br((2)P(32))Br((2)P(12)) ratio decreases with increasing excitation energy. This indicates that both the [(3) (2)Pi(12)5llambda] and the [B (2) summation operator5llambda] superexcited (Omega=0) states contribute to the formation of H(*)(n=2). (2) For selected intermediate states HCl was found to dissociate into the H(+)+Cl(-) ion pair with over 20% relative yield. A mechanism is proposed by which a bound [A (2) summation operatornlsigma] (1) summation operator(0(+)) superexcited state acts as a gateway state to dissociation into the ion pair. (3) For all intermediate states, protons were formed by dissociation of HX(+)[v(+)] following a parallel, DeltaOmega=0, excitation. The quantum yield for the dissociation process was obtained using previously reported photoionization efficiency data and was found to peak at v(+)=6-7 for HCl and v(+)=12 for HBr. This is consistent with excitation of the repulsive A(2) summation operator(12) and (2) (2)Pi states of HCl(+), and the (3) (2)Pi state of HBr(+). Rotational alignment of the Omega=0(+) intermediate states is evident from the angular distribution of the excited H(*)(n=2) photofragments. This effect has been observed previously and was used here to verify the reliability of the measured spatial anisotropy parameters.
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Gurin VS, Korolkov MV, Matulis VE, Rakhmanov SK. Symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration interaction study of the doublet states of HCl+: Potential energy curves, dipole moments, and transition dipole moments. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124321. [PMID: 17411137 DOI: 10.1063/1.2710260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of the HCl(+) molecular ion has been calculated using the general-R symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration interaction (SAC-CI) method. The authors present the potential energy curves, dipole moments, and transition dipole moments for a series of doublet states. The data are compared with the previous CASSCF and MCSCF calculations. The SAC-CI results reproduce quite well the data available in literature and extend the knowledge on the HCl(+) electronic structure for several higher states. The calculated R-dependent behavior of both dipole moments and transition dipole moments for a series of bound and unbound states reveals an intricate dissociation process at intermediate distances (R>R(e)). The pronounced maxima in transition dipole moment (TDM) describing transitions into high electronic states (X (2)Pi-->3 (2)Pi, X (2)Pi-->3 (2)Sigma, 2 (2)Pi-->3 (2)Pi, 3 (2)Pi-->4 (2)Pi) occur at different interatomic separations. Such TDM features are promising for selection of excitation pathways and, consequently, for an optimal control of the dissociation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerij S Gurin
- Physico-Chemical Research Institute, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Street 14, 220050 Minsk, Belarus
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18
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Hirata S, Yanai T, Harrison RJ, Kamiya M, Fan PD. High-order electron-correlation methods with scalar relativistic and spin-orbit corrections. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:024104. [PMID: 17228940 DOI: 10.1063/1.2423005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An assortment of computer-generated, parallel-executable programs of ab initio electron-correlation methods has been fitted with the ability to use relativistic reference wave functions. This has been done on the basis of scalar relativistic and spin-orbit effective potentials and by allowing the computer-generated programs to handle complex-valued, spinless orbitals determined by these potentials. The electron-correlation methods that benefit from this extension are high-order coupled-cluster methods (up to quadruple excitation operators) for closed- and open-shell species, coupled-cluster methods for excited and ionized states (up to quadruples), second-order perturbation corrections to coupled-cluster methods (up to triples), high-order perturbation corrections to configuration-interaction singles, and active-space (multireference) coupled-cluster methods for the ground, excited, and ionized states (up to active-space quadruples). A subset of these methods is used jointly such that the dynamical correlation energies and scalar relativistic effects are computed by a lower-order electron-correlation method with more extensive basis sets and all-electron relativistic treatment, whereas the nondynamical correlation energies and spin-orbit effects are treated by a higher-order electron-correlation method with smaller basis sets and relativistic effective potentials. The authors demonstrate the utility and efficiency of this composite scheme in chemical simulation wherein the consideration of spin-orbit effects is essential: ionization energies of rare gases, spectroscopic constants of protonated rare gases, and photoelectron spectra of hydrogen halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hirata
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8435, USA.
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Webb AD, Nahler NH, Dixon RN, Ashfold MNR. A velocity map imaging study of the one and two photon dissociations of state-selected DCl+ cations. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:204312. [PMID: 17144705 DOI: 10.1063/1.2390714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DCl(+)(X (2)Pi(32),v(+")=0) cations have been prepared by 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, and their subsequent fragmentation following excitation at numerous wavelengths in the range of 240-350 nm studied by velocity map imaging of the resulting Cl(+) products. This range of excitation wavelengths allows selective population of A (2)Sigma(+) state levels with all vibrational (v(+')) quantum numbers in the range 0< or =v(+')< or =15. Image analysis yields wavelength dependent branching ratios and recoil anisotropies of the various D+Cl(+) ((3)P(J), (1)D, and (1)S) product channels. Levels with 10< or =v(+')< or =15 have sufficient energy to predissociate, forming D+Cl(+)((3)P(J)) products with perpendicular recoil anisotropies-consistent with the A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi parent excitation and subsequent fragmentation on a time scale that is fast compared with the parent rotational period. Branching into the various spin-orbit states of the Cl(+)((3)P(J)) product is found to depend sensitively upon v(+') and, in the case of the v(+')=13 level, to vary with the precise choice of excitation wavelength within the A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi(13,0) band. Such variations have been rationalized qualitatively in terms of the differing contributions made to the overall predissociation rate of DCl(+)(A,v(+')) molecules by coupling to repulsive states of (4)Pi, (4)Sigma(-), and (2)Sigma(-) symmetries, all of which are calculated to cross the outer limb of the A (2)Sigma(+) state potential at energies close to that of the v(+')=10 level. Cl(+)((3)P(J)) fragments are detected weakly following excitation to A (2)Sigma(+) state levels with v(+')=0 or 1, Cl(+)((1)D) fragments dominate the ion yield when exciting via 2< or =v(+')< or =6 and via v(+')=9, while Cl(+)((1)S) fragments dominate the Cl(+) images obtained when exciting via levels with v(+')=7 and 8. Analysis of wavelength resolved action spectra for forming these Cl(+) ions and of the resulting Cl(+) ion images shows that (i) these ions all arise via two photon absorption processes, resonance enhanced at the one photon energy by the various A(v(+')<10) levels, (ii) the first A (2)Sigma(+)<--X (2)Pi absorption step is saturated under the conditions required to observe significant two photon dissociation, and (iii) the final absorption step from the resonance enhancing A(v(+')) level involves a parallel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Chichinin AI, Shternin PS, Gödecke N, Kauczok S, Maul C, Vasyutinskii OS, Gericke KH. Intermediate state polarization in multiphoton ionization of HCl. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:34310. [PMID: 16863353 DOI: 10.1063/1.2218336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the detailed theoretical description of the intermediate state polarization and photofragment angular distribution in resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of molecules and the experimental investigation of these effects in the E(1)Sigma(+) and V(1)Sigma(+) states of HCl populated by two-photon transitions. It is shown that the intermediate state polarization can be characterized by the universal parameter b which is in general a complex number containing information about the symmetry of the two-photon excitation and possible phase shifts. The photofragment angular distribution produced by one- or multiphoton excitation of the polarized intermediate state is presented as a product of the intermediate state axis spatial distribution and the angular distribution of the photofragments from an unpolarized intermediate state. Experiments have been carried out by two complementary methods: REMPI absorption spectroscopy of rotationally resolved (E,v'=0<--X,v"=0) and (V,v'=12<--X,v"=0) transitions and REMPI via the Q(0) and Q(1) rotational transitions followed by three-dimensional ion imaging detection. The values of the parameter b determined from experiment manifest the mostly perpendicular nature of the initial two-photon transition. The experimentally obtained H(+) -ion fragment angular distributions produced via the Q(1) rotational transition show good agreement with theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Chichinin
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Chichinin AI, Maul C, Gericke KH. Photoionization and photodissociation of HCl(BΣ+1,J=0) near 236 and 239nm using three-dimensional ion imaging. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:224324. [PMID: 16784291 DOI: 10.1063/1.2198831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronically excited states HCl(*)(E,upsilon(')=0,J(')=0) and HCl(*)(V,upsilon(')=12,J(')=0) have been prepared by two-photon resonant absorption of ground state HCl via Q(0) transitions at 238.719 and at 236.000 nm, respectively. The consequent one-or two-photon excitation at the same wavelength results in the production of H(+), Cl(+), and HCl(+) ions. The speed distributions and anisotropy parameters beta for these ions have been determined by three-dimensional photo-fragment ion imaging based on a position-sensitive delay-line anode assembly. Several results are presented: first, we measured velocity (speed and angle) distributions for HCl(+) due to the electron recoil in the photoionization of HCl(*). Such distributions give information on the photoionization process and on the vibrational distribution of HCl(+) after the laser pulse. Second, the measured beta parameters for Cl(+) and H(+) distributions give information on the symmetries of the upper states in the one-photon photoexcitation of HCl(*). Third, the measured speed distributions for H(+) help to understand the mechanism of the photodissociation of HCl(+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Chichinin
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Bruna PJ, Grein F. The X2Π and A2Σ+states of FH+, ClH+and BrH+: theoretical study of theirg-factors and fine/hyperfine structures. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970500404380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Korolkov MV, Weitzel KM. On the control of product yields in the photofragmentation of deuteriumchlorid ions (DCl+). J Chem Phys 2005; 123:164308. [PMID: 16268698 DOI: 10.1063/1.2076687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of controlling the photofragmentation of deuterium chloride ions (DCl+) via strong ultrashort IR laser pulses has been investigated by a numerical solution of coupled Schrodinger equations. The calculations provide evidence that the ratio of product ion yields Cl+ versus D+ can be manipulated by an appropriate choice of laser pulse parameters, in particular, central laser frequency, pulse duration, intensity, and chirp. The analysis of time-dependent populations reveals competition between intra- and interelectronic state excitations, enabling the understanding of quantum control at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Korolkov
- Stephanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Science, Republic of Belarus and Philipps Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Solomon EI, Basumallick L, Chen P, Kennepohl P. Variable energy photoelectron spectroscopy: electronic structure and electronic relaxation. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Michel M, Weitzel KM. Two-photon dissociation spectroscopy of state-selected HCl+ and DCl+ ions. Chemphyschem 2004; 5:1507-12. [PMID: 15535549 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HCl+ and DCl+ ions were formed via the R(1) pump line of the f3delta2(v'=0)<--sigma+(v''=0) REMPI process. For these ions, the two-photon dissociation spectroscopy, resonance-enhanced via the A2sigma+(v')<--pi3/2(v''=0) transition, was investigated for various intermediate states of HCl+ (v'=4,5,6) and DCl+ (v'=6,7,8,9). From the analysis of the data, spectroscopic parameters of the X and the A states were derived (including the lambda-doubling in the X state and the spin-rotation coupling in the A state). Some of the parameters deviate considerably from literature data. The spectra provide clear evidence that the REMPI process employed for forming the ions has a very high rotational selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Michel
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie Institut for Physikalische Chemie Hans Meerwein Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Michel M, Korolkov MV, Weitzel KM. State-Selective Predissociation Spectroscopy of HCl+ and DCl+ Ions. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048042n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Michel
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Academy of Science, Stephanov Institute of Physics, Minsk, Belarus, and Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail V. Korolkov
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Academy of Science, Stephanov Institute of Physics, Minsk, Belarus, and Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Michael Weitzel
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Academy of Science, Stephanov Institute of Physics, Minsk, Belarus, and Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Romanescu C, Manzhos S, Boldovsky D, Clarke J, Loock HP. Superexcited state reconstruction of HCl using photoelectron and photoion imaging. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:767-77. [PMID: 15267912 DOI: 10.1063/1.1630571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The velocity-map imaging technique was used to record photoelectron and photofragment ion images of HCl following two-photon excitation of the E Sigma(+)(0+), V 1Sigma(+)(0+) (nu=9,10,11) states and subsequent ionization. The images allowed us to determine the branching ratios between autoionization and dissociation channels for the different intermediate states. These branching ratios can be explained on the basis of intermediate state electron configurations, since the configuration largely prohibits direct ionization in a one-electron process, and competition between autoionization and dissociation into H* (n=2)+Cl and H+Cl*(4s,4p,3d) is observed. From a fit to the vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum of HCl+ it is apparent that a single superexcited state acts as a gateway to autoionization and dissociation into H+Cl*(4s). Potential reconstruction of the superexcited state to autoionization was undertaken and from a comparison of different autoionization models it appears most likely that the gateway state is a purely repulsive and low-n Rydberg state with a (4Pi) ion core.
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Zobeley J, Cederbaum LS, Tarantelli F. Intermolecular Coulombic Decay of Molecular Clusters: Identification of the Decay Mechanism Using a New Hole-Population Analysis. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992677i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yencha A, King G, Lopes M, Bozek J, Berrah N. Photo-double ionization of deuterium chloride studied by threshold photoelectrons coincidence spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Yencha A, Lopes M, MacDonald M, King G. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of HF in the inner valence ionization region. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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