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Karasavvas N, Billings E, Rao M, Williams C, Zolla-Pazner S, Bailer RT, Koup RA, Madnote S, Arworn D, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Currier JR, Jiang M, Magaret C, Andrews C, Gottardo R, Gilbert P, Cardozo TJ, Rerks-Ngarm S, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Kaewkungwal J, Paris R, Greene K, Gao H, Gurunathan S, Tartaglia J, Sinangil F, Korber BT, Montefiori DC, Mascola JR, Robb ML, Haynes BF, Ngauy V, Michael NL, Kim JH, de Souza, for the MOPH TAVEG Collab MS. The Thai Phase III HIV Type 1 Vaccine trial (RV144) regimen induces antibodies that target conserved regions within the V2 loop of gp120. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1444-57. [PMID: 23035746 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thai Phase III clinical trial (RV144) showed modest efficacy in preventing HIV-1 acquisition. Plasma collected from HIV-1-uninfected trial participants completing all injections with ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) prime and AIDSVAX B/E boost were tested for antibody responses against HIV-1 gp120 envelope (Env). Peptide microarray analysis from six HIV-1 subtypes and group M consensus showed that vaccination induced antibody responses to the second variable (V2) loop of gp120 of multiple subtypes. We further evaluated V2 responses by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance using cyclic (Cyc) and linear V2 loop peptides. Thirty-one of 32 vaccine recipients tested (97%) had antibody responses against Cyc V2 at 2 weeks postimmunization with a reciprocal geometric mean titer (GMT) of 1100 (range: 200-3200). The frequency of detecting plasma V2 antibodies declined to 19% at 28 weeks post-last injection (GMT: 110, range: 100-200). Antibody responses targeted the mid-region of the V2 loop that contains conserved epitopes and has the amino acid sequence KQKVHALFYKLDIVPI (HXB2 Numbering sequence 169-184). Valine at position 172 was critical for antibody binding. The frequency of V3 responses at 2 weeks postimmunization was modest (18/32, 56%) with a GMT of 185 (range: 100-800). In contrast, naturally infected HIV-1 individuals had a lower frequency of antibody responses to V2 (10/20, 50%; p=0.003) and a higher frequency of responses to V3 (19/20, 95%), with GMTs of 400 (range: 100-3200) and 3570 (range: 200-12,800), respectively. RV144 vaccination induced antibodies that targeted a region of the V2 loop that contains conserved epitopes. Early HIV-1 transmission events involve V2 loop interactions, raising the possibility that anti-V2 antibodies in RV144 may have contributed to viral inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Karasavvas
- Department of Retrovirology, U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Erik Billings
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mangala Rao
- USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Constance Williams
- Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Veterans Affairs Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sirinan Madnote
- Department of Retrovirology, U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangnapa Arworn
- Department of Retrovirology, U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mike Jiang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Craig Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charla Andrews
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy J. Cardozo
- Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok Thailand
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Center and Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaranit Kaewkungwal
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert Paris
- USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli Greene
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California
| | - Bette T. Korber
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John R. Mascola
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- Department of Retrovirology, U.S. Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Gender-dependent HLA-DR-restricted epitopes identified from herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1436-49. [PMID: 18667634 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00123-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent clinical trials, a herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) vaccine was more efficacious in woman than in men. Here we report six HLA-DR-restricted T-cell gD epitope peptides that bind to multiple HLA-DR (DR1, DR4, DR7, DR13, DR15, and DRB5) molecules that represent a large proportion of the human population. Four of these peptides recalled naturally primed CD4(+) T cells in up to 45% of the 46 HSV-seropositive, asymptomatic individuals studied. For the gD(49-82), gD(77-104), and gD(121-152) peptides, the CD4(+) T-cell responses detected in HSV-seropositive, asymptomatic women were higher and more frequent than the responses detected in men. Immunization of susceptible DRB1*0101 transgenic mice with a mixture of three newly identified, gender-dependent, immunodominant epitope peptides (gD(49-82), gD(77-104), and gD(121-152)) induced a gender- and CD4(+) T-cell-dependent immunity against ocular HSV type 1 challenge. These results revealed a gender-dependent T-cell response to a discrete set of gD epitopes and suggest that while a T-cell epitope-based HSV vaccine that targets a large percentage of the human population may be feasible with a limited number of immunodominant promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted epitopes, gender should be taken into account during evaluations of such vaccines.
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Tugyi R, Mezõ G, Gitta S, Fellinger E, Andreu D, Hudecz F. Effect of Conjugation with Polypeptide Carrier on the Enzymatic Degradation of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Derived Epitope Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1652-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700469r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Tugyi
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gábor Mezõ
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Schlosser Gitta
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erzsébet Fellinger
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary, Department of General Zoology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Tugyi R, Mezö G, Fellinger E, Andreu D, Hudecz F. The effect of cyclization on the enzymatic degradation of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D derived epitope peptide. J Pept Sci 2005; 11:642-9. [PMID: 15864815 DOI: 10.1002/psc.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One linear and three cyclic peptides corresponding to the 278-287 ((278)LLEDPVGTVA(287)) sequence of glycoprotein D (gD-1) of herpes simplex virus were synthesized for the analysis of the effect of cyclization on protection against enzymatic degradation. In this design, the turn-forming motif ((281)DPVG(284)) was positioned in the central part of the peptide and elongated by three amino acids at both termini. Cyclopeptide formation was achieved by the introduction of a peptide bond, a disulfide bridge or a thioether link. The stability of these peptides was compared in human serum and also in rat lysosomal preparations. The data obtained in 10% and 50% human serum show that all three types of cyclization enhanced the stability, but at different levels. Complete stability was only achieved by the introduction of a thioether link, while the presence of a disulfide or peptide bond resulted in improved, but partial resistance against hydrolytic decomposition. In lysosomal preparations the presence of cyclic primary structure provided full protection against enzymatic hydrolysis. Taken together, these findings indicate that by appropriate structural modification it is feasible to construct a synthetic antigen with high stability against enzymatic degradation in complex biological fluids. Further studies are in progress to identify enzymes responsible for degradation in diluted human sera as well as in the lysosomal preparations and to gain more detailed information on the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Tugyi
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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BenMohamed L, Bertrand G, McNamara CD, Gras-Masse H, Hammer J, Wechsler SL, Nesburn AB. Identification of novel immunodominant CD4+ Th1-type T-cell peptide epitopes from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D that confer protective immunity. J Virol 2003; 77:9463-73. [PMID: 12915561 PMCID: PMC187395 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9463-9473.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterization of the epitope repertoire on herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens would greatly expand our knowledge of HSV immunity and improve immune interventions against herpesvirus infections. HSV glycoprotein D (gD) is an immunodominant viral coat protein and is considered an excellent vaccine candidate antigen. By using the TEPITOPE prediction algorithm, we have identified and characterized a total of 12 regions within the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) gD bearing potential CD4(+) T-cell epitopes, each 27 to 34 amino acids in length. Immunogenicity studies of the corresponding medium-sized peptides confirmed all previously known gD epitopes and additionally revealed four new immunodominant regions (gD(49-82), gD(146-179), gD(228-257), and gD(332-358)), each containing naturally processed epitopes. These epitopes elicited potent T-cell responses in mice of diverse major histocompatibility complex backgrounds. Each of the four new immunodominant peptide epitopes generated strong CD4(+) Th1 T cells that were biologically active against HSV-1-infected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Importantly, immunization of H-2(d) mice with the four newly identified CD4(+) Th1 peptide epitopes but not with four CD4(+) Th2 peptide epitopes induced a robust protective immunity against lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge. These peptide epitopes may prove to be important components of an effective immunoprophylactic strategy against herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lbachir BenMohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, College of Medicine, Orange, California 92868, USA.
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