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Wang J, Wang B, Jiang L, Zhou K, Yang GY, Jin K. The Effect of IDO on Neural Progenitor Cell Survival Under Oxygen Glucose Deprivation. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:581861. [PMID: 33192328 PMCID: PMC7662097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity plays an important role in many neurological disorders in the central nervous system, which may be associated with immunomodulation or anti-inflammatory activity. However, the action of IDO in the ischemic condition is still poorly understood. The purpose of the present study is to explore the expression and action of IDO in stem cell culture under oxygen and glucose deprivation. Methods: Neural progenitor cells were obtained from the human embryonic stem cell line BG01. These cells underwent oxygen and glucose deprivation. We examined the IDO expression at 3 and 8 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation and then examined neuronal progenitor cell viability in the normal and oxygen and glucose deprivation condition using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. In addition, we studied the effect of IDO inhibition and the expression of TNF-α, IGF-1, VEGF, IL-6, FGFβ, TGFβ, EGF, and Leptin to explore the mechanism of IDO under the oxygen and glucose deprivation. Results: IDO expression in neural progenitor cells increased under oxygen and glucose deprivation, which is closely associated with cell death (p < 0.05). Inhibiting IDO did not affect cell survival in normal neural progenitor cells. However, inhibiting IDO could attenuate cell viability under oxygen and glucose deprivation (p < 0.05). Further study demonstrated that IDO expression was closely associated to the growth factor’s leptin expression. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that an increase of IDO under oxygen and glucose deprivation was associated with cell death, suggesting that inhibiting IDO could be a target for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kaijing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Inamura J, Ikuta K, Toki Y, Hatayama M, Ito S, Shindo M, Sato K, Torimoto Y, Kohgo Y. [Case report; Two cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with preceding cytopenia]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2014; 103:1385-1387. [PMID: 25151804 DOI: 10.2169/naika.103.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Ikeda K, Shichishima T, Yasukawa M, Nakamura-Shichishima A, Noji H, Akutsu K, Osumi K, Maruyama Y. The role of Wilms' tumor gene peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in immunologic selection of a paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:618-26. [PMID: 17379072 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify an expansion mechanism of a paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone with the Wilms' tumor gene (WT1). MATERIALS AND METHODS In PNH patients with the HLA-A*2402 allele, frequencies of peripheral blood (PB) WT1 peptide-specific and HLA-A*2402-restricted CD8+ cells and WT1 peptide-stimulated interferon-gamma-producing mononuclear cells (MNCs), cytotoxicity of WT1 peptide-specific and HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone (TAK-1) cells on bone marrow (BM) MNCs, and after co-incubation with TAK-1 cells, changes in colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage colony formation of CD34+ cells and in CD59 expression in viable CD34+ cells were investigated. RESULTS The frequencies of PB WT1 peptide-specific and HLA-A*2402-restricted CD8+ cells (p < 0.005) and WT1 peptide-stimulated interferon-gamma-producing MNCs (p < 0.02) were significantly higher in 5 PNH patients than 8 healthy volunteers (HV). In 5 PNH patients or 3 HV, TAK-1 cells significantly killed BMMNCs and suppressed colony formations of CD34+CD59+ and/or CD34+CD59- cells in the absence and presence of a WT1 peptide or only in the presence of the peptide, respectively, in an HLA-restricted manner. After co-incubation with TAK-1 cells, reduction rates of colony formation of CD34+CD59- cells were significantly less than those of CD34+CD59+ cells in 5 PNH patients (p < 0.002) and proportions of viable CD34+CD59- cells from 5 PNH patients significantly increased in the absence (p < 0.01) and presence (p < 0.01) of a WT1 peptide in an HLA-restricted manner. CONCLUSION WT1 peptide-specific and HLA-restricted CTLs may play an important role in expansion of a PNH clone during immunologic selection and/or in the occurrence of BM failure via interferon-gamma in PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ikeda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Wanachiwanawin W, Siripanyaphinyo U, Piyawattanasakul N, Kinoshita T. A cohort study of the nature of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones and PIG-A mutations in patients with aplastic anemia. Eur J Haematol 2006; 76:502-9. [PMID: 16529603 DOI: 10.1111/j.0902-4441.2005.t01-1-ejh2467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by the clonal expansion of blood cells, which are deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs). As PNH frequently occurs during the clinical course of acquired aplastic anemia (AA), it is likely that a process inducing bone marrow failure in AA is responsible for the selection of GPI-AP deficient blood cells or PNH clone. OBJECTIVE To explore the nature and mutation of a PNH clone in AA. METHODS We performed regular repeated flow cytometric analyses of CD59 expression on peripheral blood cells from a cohort of 32 patients with AA. Mutation of phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) was also studied. RESULTS Fifty-one episodes of occurrences of CD59 negative granulocytes out of a total cohort 167 flow cytometric analyses (31%) were observed in 22 patients (69%). CD59 negative erythrocytes were less apparent than the granulocytes. Repeated occurrences of PNH clones were observed in 16 patients. Most of the emerging PNH clones were transient in nature. They were more frequently detected during episodes of lower white blood cell and platelet counts. Persistence and expansion of the GPI-AP deficient blood cell populations to the level of clinical PNH were seen in only four patients (12.5%). Analysis of PIG-A gene demonstrated eight mutations among the four patients, with two and four independent mutations in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that PIG-A mutations of hematopoietic stem cells with resultant PNH clones, are relatively common among AA patients. It also supports the hypothesis of selection of the PNH clone by a process or condition associated with or responsible for bone marrow failure in AA. However, there must be an additional factor favoring expansion or growth of the clone to the level of clinical or florid PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchai Wanachiwanawin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Chen G, Zeng W, Maciejewski JP, Kcyvanfar K, Billings EM, Young NS. Differential gene expression in hematopoietic progenitors from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients reveals an apoptosis/immune response in 'normal' phenotype cells. Leukemia 2005; 19:862-8. [PMID: 15759038 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired stem cell disorder characterized clinically by intravascular hemolysis, venous thrombosis, and bone marrow failure. Despite elucidation of the biochemical and molecular defects in PNH, the pathophysiology of clonal expansion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP)-deficient cells remains unexplained. In pursuit of evidence of differences between GPI-AP-normal and -deficient CD34 cells, we determined gene expression profiles of isolated marrow CD34 cells of each phenotype from PNH patients and healthy donors, using DNA microarrays. Pooled and individual patient samples revealed consistent gene expression patterns relative to normal controls. GPI-AP-normal cells from PNH patients showed upregulation of genes involved in apoptosis and the immune response. Conversely, genes associated with antiapoptotic function and hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation were downregulated in these cells. In contrast, the PNH clone of GPI-AP-deficient cells appeared more similar to CD34 cells of healthy individuals. Gene chip data were confirmed by other methods. Similar gene expression patterns were present in PNH that was predominantly hemolytic as in PNH associated with aplastic anemia. Our results implicate an environmental influence on hematopoietic cell proliferation, in which the PNH clone evades immune attack and destruction, while normal cells suffer a stress response followed by programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bahr MJ, Schubert J, Bleck JS, Tietge UJ, Boozari B, Schmidt RE, Klempnauer J, Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Recurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome after liver transplantation in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Transpl Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2003.tb00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inoue N, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T. Molecular genetics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Int J Hematol 2003; 77:107-12. [PMID: 12627844 DOI: 10.1007/bf02983208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the clonal expansion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-deficient cells that leads to complement-mediated hemolysis. A somatic mutation in the PIG-A gene involved in GPI biosynthesis causes a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins. However, it is evident that the clonal expansion of GPI-deficient cells is not caused by only the PIG-A mutation and that other changes should be involved in the development of PNH. Some patients with aplastic anemia (AA) develop PNH. Furthermore, it has been reported that most patients with AA and refractory anemia (RA) who carry HLA-DRB1*15 and show a good response to immunosuppressive therapies have an expanded population of GPI-deficient clones. This finding, together with recent data showing resistance of GPI-deficient cells to cytotoxic cells, suggests that GPI-deficient cells escape immunologic attack and are positively selected in the autoimmune environment. However, GPI-deficient clones found in AA and RA are generally small and do not increase to near-complete dominance. Therefore, 1 or more additional genetic abnormalities that confer the growth phenotype on GPI-deficient cells are probably required for fully developed PNH or so-called florid PNH. The next 10 years should witness the discovery of the molecular mechanisms of immunologic selection and the identification of abnormalities involved in the further clonal expansion of PNH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Hemolysis, a characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), is caused by the expansion of an affected stem cell with a mutation of the PIG-A gene. Increasing evidence has shown that the presence of the PIG-A mutation alone does not induce the expansion. Two theories have been proposed. One, the growth advantage hypothesis, is supported by current data indicating the presence of several intrinsic alterations that might confer a proliferative advantage to PNH clones over normal cells. Alternatively, the PIG-A mutation might confer a relative survival advantage to PNH clones. This theory is supported by clinical observation indicating that PIG-A mutant cells survive immune-mediated bone marrow injury in patients with aplastic anemia, PNH, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The latter theory is also supported by current experimental data indicating that PIG-A mutant cells are relatively resistant to cytotoxic attack by natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. The 2 theories appear complementary rather than mutually exclusive. Rapid progress in this field can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakakuma
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Pathways and functions of mammalian protein glycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(03)38026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Murakami Y, Kosaka H, Maeda Y, Nishimura JI, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Okabe M, Takeda J, Kinoshita T. Inefficient response of T lymphocytes to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor-negative cells: implications for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 2002; 100:4116-22. [PMID: 12393537 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder in which clonal cells defective in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis are expanded, leading to complement-mediated hemolysis. PNH is often associated with bone marrow suppressive conditions, such as aplastic anemia. One hypothetical mechanism for the clonal expansion of GPI(-) cells in PNH is that the mutant cells escape attack by autoreactive cytotoxic cells that are thought to be responsible for aplastic anemia. Here we studied 2 model systems. First, we made pairs of GPI(+) and GPI(-) EL4 cells that expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and various types of ovalbumin. When the GPI-anchored form of ovalbumin was expressed on GPI(+) and GPI(-) cells, only the GPI(+) cells presented ovalbumin to ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells, indicating that if a putative autoantigen recognized by cytotoxic cells is a GPI-anchored protein, GPI(-) cells are less sensitive to cytotoxic cells. Second, antigen-specific as well as alloreactive CD4(+) T cells responded less efficiently to GPI(-) than GPI(+) cells in proliferation assays. In vivo, when GPI(-) and GPI(+) fetal liver cells, and CD4(+) T cells alloreactive to them, were cotransplanted into irradiated hosts, the contribution of GPI(-) cells in peripheral blood cells was significantly higher than that of GPI(+) cells. The results obtained with the second model suggest that certain GPI-anchored protein on target cells is important for recognition by T cells. These results provide the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis that GPI(-) cells escape from immunologic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Kinoshita T, Inoue N. Relationship between aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:117-22. [PMID: 11939256 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since aplastic anemia-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria syndrome was reported in 1967, the overlap of idiopathic aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) has been well known. The link between the 2 diseases became even more evident when immunosuppressive therapy improved survival of patients with severe AA. More than 10% of patients with AA develop clinically evident PNH. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that the majority of patients with AA have a subclinical percentage of granulocytes with PNH phenotype. Some of them have clearly recognizable PNH clones. Granulocytes with a PNH phenotype are also often found in normal individuals, though at much smaller percentages of cells. This finding suggests that a PNH clone is expanded in AA. consistent with a hypothesis that blood cells from patients with PNH are more resistant to an autoimmune environment. Survival of PNH clones in pathologic bone marrow may account for limited expansion of PNH clones; however, additional genetic change(s) that confers cells with growth phenotype may be required for the full development of PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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