1
|
Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Herbal Plants Application in Organic Poultry Nutrition and Production. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants and natural feed additives are the most important alternatives in animal production, especially broiler production, due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics, their cost-effectiveness and harmful residual effects.
Objective:
In this mini-review article, some important medicinal herbs and plants with positive effects on organic broiler production have been highlighted.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, Springer, Medline and PubMed.
Results:
Medicinal plants such as ginger, ginkgo, thyme, ponderosa pine, soybean, forsythia, peppermint, Chinese star anise, astragalus, mistletoe, schisandra, cumin, capsicum, garlic, hooker chives, artichoke, Borreria latifolia, zataria, pomegranate, turmeric, lingzhi, Lippia javanica, neem, oriental chaff flower, mulberry leaf, goji berry, Aloe vera, pumpkin, grape, common nettle, marigold, coriandrum, Citrus sinensis, Alisma canaliculatum, Persian hogweed, Eucommiaulmoides, bamboo leaf extract, rosemary, Morina citrifolia, chestnut, green tea, wild mint, clove, sumac, satureja, ashwagandha, Lonicera japonica, Acacia, liquorice, Artemisia annua, milk thistle, cinnamon, black cumin and etc. have positive effects on organic broiler production.
Conclusion:
Herbal medicines lead to increased body weight due to a higher feed intake and a higher feed conversion ratio, and improve antioxidant activity of broiler chickens based on their phenolic compound contents. The combination of medicinal herbal additives also has a positive impact on broiler production. In organic broiler production with the usage of herbal plants, reducing hormones, growth promoters and antibiotics should be organized as well as considering appropriate organic feed management and higher production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nielsen CL, Kongsted H, Sørensen JT, Krogh MA. Antibiotic and medical zinc oxide usage in Danish conventional and welfare-label pig herds in 2016-2018. Prev Vet Med 2021; 189:105283. [PMID: 33556801 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This register-based study compared the usage of antibiotics and medical zinc oxide (ZnOmed) in three different pig production systems: organic, conventional free-range and conventional indoor in 2016-2018. ZnOmed is used to prevent weaning diarrhoea with a dosage of max 2500 mg zinc/kg feed for 14 days post weaning. The treatment incidence (TI) of antibiotics (injectable and oral) and ZnOmed was calculated as the total number of animal daily doses (ADD) per 100 animals per day at herd level over a calendar year. Zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to compare the antibiotic and ZnOmed usage across the three production systems. The correlation between antibiotic and ZnOmed usage was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. In all age groups, the antibiotic TI was highest in the conventional indoor system, lower in the conventional free-range system and lowest in the organic system. In weaners, which is the age group with the highest antibiotic usage, conventional indoor, conventional free-range and organic herds had an average TI of 7.20, 3.37 and 0,48 ADD/100 animals/day, respectively. Another important finding in the study was that non-use of antibiotics is more common (>30% of herds) in welfare-label production systems (organic and conventional free-range) than in conventional indoor production (16% of herds). The overall differences in usage of ZnOmed between the three production systems were not statistically significant, but the probability of not using ZnOmed, was significantly higher for organic (36%) and conventional free-range herds (61%) compared to conventional indoor herds (19%). There was a weak to moderate positive correlation between antibiotic and ZnOmed usage at herd level with the weakest correlation in conventional indoor herds (0.31). The results indicate that ZnOmed does not appear to replace or prevent the use of antibiotics and suggest that ZnOmed is used differently in different systems. A weak correlation between the usage of antibiotics and ZnOmed in conventional indoor herds could reflect a frequent use of routine treatments within this system. The lower level of antibiotic usage in welfare-label systems indicates that a significant reduction in antibiotic use in pig production would require housing and management changes or regulatory changes in the conventional indoor system. The large variation in both antibiotic and ZnOmed usage between herds in similar production systems indicates that a further reduction in use of antibiotics and ZnOmed is achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Kongsted
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Jan Tind Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mekki I, Camin F, Perini M, Smeti S, Hajji H, Mahouachi M, Piasentier E, Atti N. Differentiating the geographical origin of Tunisian indigenous lamb using stable isotope ratio and fatty acid content. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
4
|
Schiavone A, Cavallero C, Girotto L, Pozzo L, Antoniazzi S, Cavallarin L. A survey on the occurrence of ochratoxin A in feeds and sera collected in conventional and organic poultry farms in Northern Italy. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2008.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Fatty acid and triglycerides profiling of retail organic, conventional and pasture milk: Implications for health and authenticity. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
7
|
Boutsini S, Papatsiros V, Stougiou D, Marucci G, Liandris E, Athanasiou L, Papadoudis A, Karagiozopoulos E, Bisias A, Pozio E. Emerging Trichinella britovi infections in free ranging pigs of Greece. Vet Parasitol 2014; 199:278-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Critical Overview on Organic Legislation for Animal Production: Towards Conventionalization of the System? SUSTAINABILITY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/su5073077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Cherdthong A, Wanapat M. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Palupi E, Jayanegara A, Ploeger A, Kahl J. Comparison of nutritional quality between conventional and organic dairy products: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2774-2781. [PMID: 22430502 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a contribution to the debate on the comparison of nutritional quality between conventional versus organic products, the present study would like to provide new results on this issue specifically on dairy products by integrating the last 3 years' studies using a meta-analysis approach with Hedges' d effect size method. The current meta-analysis shows that organic dairy products contain significantly higher protein, ALA, total omega-3 fatty acid, cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid, trans-11 vaccenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, and docosapentanoic acid than those of conventional types, with cumulative effect size ( ± 95% confidence interval) of 0.56 ± 0.24, 1.74 ± 0.16, 0.84 ± 0.14, 0.68 ± 0.13, 0.51 ± 0.16, 0.42 ± 0.23, and 0.71 ± 0.3, respectively. It is also observed that organic dairy products have significantly (P < 0.001) higher omega-3 to -6 ratio (0.42 vs. 0.23) and Δ9-desaturase index (0.28 vs. 0.27) than the conventional types. The current regulation on organic farming indeed drives organic farms to production of organic dairy products with different nutritional qualities from conventional ones. The differences in feeding regime between conventional and organic dairy production is suspected as the reason behind this evidence. Further identical meta-analysis may be best applicable for summarizing a comparison between conventional and organic foodstuffs for other aspects and food categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eny Palupi
- Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papatsiros V, Boutsini S, Ntousi D, Stougiou D, Mintza D, Bisias A. Detection and Zoonotic Potential ofTrichinellaspp. from Free-Range Pig Farming in Greece. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:536-40. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V.G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - S. Boutsini
- National Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Center of Athens Veterinary Institutions, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - D. Ntousi
- National Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Center of Athens Veterinary Institutions, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - D. Stougiou
- Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - D. Mintza
- Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Bisias
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Küçükyılmaz K, Bozkurt M, Yamaner Ç, Çınar M, Çatlı A, Konak R. Effect of an organic and conventional rearing system on the mineral content of hen eggs. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
13
|
Thompson PB, Appleby M, Busch L, Kalof L, Miele M, Norwood BF, Pajor E. Values and public acceptability dimensions of sustainable egg production. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2097-109. [PMID: 21844278 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The attributes of egg production that elicit values-based responses include the price and availability of eggs, environmental impacts, food safety or health concerns, and animal welfare. Different social groups have distinct interests regarding the sustainability of egg production that reflect these diverse values. Current scientifically based knowledge about how values and attitudes in these groups can be characterized is uneven and must be derived from studies conducted at varying times and using incomplete study methods. In general, some producer and consumer interests are translated through markets and are mediated by market mechanisms, whereas others are poorly reflected by economic behavior. An array of survey and focus group research has been performed to elicit consumer and activist beliefs about performance goals they would expect from an egg production system. These studies provide evidence that consumers' market behavior may be at odds with their ethical and political beliefs about performance goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Thompson
- Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cherdthong A, Wanapat M, Wachirapakorn C. Effects of urea–calcium mixture in concentrate containing high cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and performance of lactating dairy cows fed on rice straw. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Nalubwama SM, Mugisha A, Vaarst M. Organic livestock production in Uganda: potentials, challenges and prospects. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:749-57. [PMID: 21222224 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Development in organic farming has been stimulated by farmers and consumers becoming interested in healthy food products and sustainable environment. Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which is based on the principles of health, ecology, care, and fairness. Organic development in Uganda has focused more on the crop sector than livestock sector and has primarily involved the private sector, like organic products export companies and non-governmental organizations. Agriculture in Uganda and many African countries is predominantly traditional, less mechanized, and is usually associated with minimum use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and drugs. This low external input agriculture also referred to as "organic by default" can create basis for organic farming where agroecological methods are introduced and present an alternative in terms of intensification to the current low-input/low-output systems. Traditional farming should not be confused with organic farming because in some cases, the existing traditional practices have consequences like overstocking and less attention to soil improvement as well as to animal health and welfare, which is contrary to organic principles of ecology, fairness, health, and care. Challenges of implementing sustainable organic practices in the Ugandan livestock sector threaten its future development, such as vectors and vector-borne diseases, organic feed insufficiency, limited education, research, and support to organic livestock production. The prospects of organic livestock development in Uganda can be enhanced with more scientific research in organic livestock production under local conditions and strengthening institutional support.
Collapse
|
16
|
Comparison of conventional and organic management conditions on growth performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in Karacabey Merino and Kivircik breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 43:817-23. [PMID: 21161595 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, post-slaughtering and haematological parameters of Kivircik and Karacabey Merino male lambs in conventional and organic management systems were compared. The animals which were weaned at 7 weeks of age were divided into Kivircik conventional, Kivircik organic (KO), Karacabey Merino conventional and Karacabey Merino organic (MO) groups containing 12 lambs each. Fattening was ended when lambs attained 35 kg of live weight. The time to attain the determined fattening weight was significantly different among the groups, and Merino lambs having higher live weight gain were earlier than Kivircik lambs (p < 0.05). Overall conventional (CG) and organic group lambs were also compared. Live weight gain, intra-abdominal fat amount, external fat thickness and visceral organ weight were significantly higher in CG lambs (p < 0.05). Higher haematocrit and erythrocyte counts were obtained with the CG group (p < 0.05), whilst triglyceride, total plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein (HDL, LDL, VLDL) levels between groups were not significant. Pneumonia was the unique infection, with an incidence of 50% (six lambs) and 16.6% (two lambs) for MO and KO animals, respectively. The mortality rate was 16.6% (two lambs) for MO group, whilst no mortality was recorded for KO group animals. The present study has shown that although Karacabey merino lambs had higher growth performance compared to Kivircik lambs, organically fattened lambs in whole exhibited inferior growth performance. Lower infection and mortality observed with Kivircik lambs suggested that they could be more resistant to infections and outdoor environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kijlstra A, Meerburg BG, Bos AP. Food safety in free-range and organic livestock systems: risk management and responsibility. J Food Prot 2009; 72:2629-37. [PMID: 20003752 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.12.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal production systems that offer outdoor access to the animals have become increasingly popular in the Western world due to the growing general discontent of consumers with conventional bioindustrial farming practices. These open production systems offer improved animal welfare but may create new problems for animal health, resulting in increased food safety risks from bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections or environmental contaminants. Examples of these new problems include increased Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs and high dioxin levels in eggs from free-range hens. In this review, the relation between positive and negative points of free-range and organic livestock production systems is discussed with reference to production in The Netherlands. We investigated how proponents of more animal welfare friendly systems deal with potential negative issues in public and whether any risk communication is used. Generally, we found that the existence of a dilemma is disputed or avoided in communication with the consumer. This avoidance could be detrimental for public trust in alternative animal production systems, should problems occur. To prevent future problems, it will be necessary to communicate about the relevant types and sources of the food safety risks to the consumers. The responsibility for protecting food safety should be properly divided among the various parties involved: producers, processors, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kijlstra
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Is intensification of reproduction rhythm sustainable in an organic sheep production system? A 4-year interdisciplinary study. Animal 2009; 3:753-63. [PMID: 22444455 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109004133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year interdisciplinary study was performed to compare two organically managed sheep production systems, using 118 ewes and 24 ha each. The systems differed in the ewes' reproduction rhythm: one lambing per ewe per year (1L/1Y), with the aim of balancing feed self-sufficiency and lamb marketing periods v. three lambings over 2 years (3L/2Y), with the aim of maximising ewes' productivity. The sustainability was evaluated through ewes' reproductive performance, lamb growth rate, carcass characteristics and quality, animal health, forage and feed self-sufficiency, soil mineral balance and gross margin. General animal health was assessed by recording ewe and lamb mortality and putative cause of death. Nematode digestive-tract strongyles parasitism was studied using faecal egg counts and necropsies. Carcass quality was assessed by recording carcass weight, conformation and fatness, and colour and firmness of subcutaneous fat. Thirty-three percent of 3L/2Y ewes lambed twice a year against 4% of 1L/1Y. Mean ewe productivity was 161.3% and 151.0% in 3L/2Y and 1L/1Y, respectively, and it was more variable between years in 3L/2Y. Average concentrate feed consumption and the corresponding cost per ewe were higher in 3L/2Y than in 1L/1Y (156 v. 121 kg, and €49.5 v. €39.3, respectively). Finally, average gross margin was lower in 3L/2Y than in 1L/1Y (€59 v. €65 per ewe, respectively). Even in year 2002, when ewe productivity was highest in 3L/2Y (193%), gross margin was not different between systems (€90 v. €86 per ewe in 3L/2Y and 1L/1Y, respectively), because of higher concentrate costs in 3L/2Y. The 3L/2Y animals presented a lower health status, with a higher lamb mortality (P < 0.05) and a higher digestive-tract strongyles and coccidia parasitism level (P < 0.05). Lamb carcass conformation, fatness and fat colour were not different between systems, but carcass weight and subcutaneous dorsal fat firmness were lower in 3L/2Y lambs than in 1L/1Y lambs (P < 0.05 and < 0.001, respectively). Intensification in an organically managed sheep system, through an increased reproduction rhythm, thus did not lead to better economic results and proved riskier, more variable and more difficult to manage, and so less sustainable. The less intensive system (1L/1Y) was both highly efficient from the animal standpoint and highly feed self-sufficient. The technical and economic results of this system were better than those of organic private farms in the same area and matched those of non-organic farms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dias L, Correia D, Sá-Morais J, Sousa F, Pires J, Peres A. Raw bovine meat fatty acids profile as an origin discriminator. Food Chem 2008; 109:840-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M. Cadmium and lead in organically produced foodstuffs from the Greek market. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Valle P, Lien G, Flaten O, Koesling M, Ebbesvik M. Herd health and health management in organic versus conventional dairy herds in Norway. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
A Review of Emerging Trends and Critical Aspects in Organic Livestock Product Consumption. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2007.49.2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Investigation of Nitrate Contamination Sources Under the Conventional and Organic Agricultural Systems Using Nitrogen Isotope Ratios. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2005.47.3.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Organic livestock production in Europe: aims, rules and trends with special emphasis on animal health and welfare. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|