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Kim HS, Lee SH. Expression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Subunit Genes in Mouse Testis. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:327-333. [PMID: 29082348 PMCID: PMC5651699 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins are heterodimers consisting an alpha chain (Cgα) and a beta chain.
Interestingly, presence of complicated LH-β transcripts in rat testis was
accidently found; testicular LH-β transcripts were confined in seminiferous
tubules to spermatids, and the translated products were localized in the
elongated spermatids. We hypothesized that mouse testis has potential to produce
the tissue specific LH-β with similar structure to the rat testicular forms. To
verify our hypothesis, we examined the adult mouse (ICR) testis using RT-PCR and
immunohistochemistry. The PCR revealed the presence of the identical products in
the reactions for three LH subunit types. The expected product sizes for mouse
Cgα and LH-β known as pituitary type were 224 bp and 503 bp, respectively. The
testicular type LH-β products were produced by a primer set based on the rat
sequences, with unexpected size of 800 bp. Sequencing revealed that the proximal
and distal parts (2-82 and 661- 773 bp, respectively) were homologous to rat
testicular LH-β cDNA, and middle part (83-660 bp) was a unique mouse-specific
region. Both Cgα and LH-β positive signals were in the round and elongated
spermatids and mature sperms, and the LH-β signals were more intense. In
conclusion, our study demonstrated that the presence and localization of the LH
subunits in mouse testis. Further studies will be needed to understand the
precise structure and function of mouse testicular LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016,
Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016,
Korea
- Corresponding Author : Sung-Ho Lee, Ph.D.,
Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Hongjmoon-2 gil 20,
Jongrho-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-2287-5139, Fax:
+82-2-2287-0070, E-mail:
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Yu N, Yan W, Yin T, Wang Y, Guo Y, Zhou D, Xu M, Ding J, Yang J. HCG-Activated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Promote Trophoblast Cell Invasion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125589. [PMID: 26087261 PMCID: PMC4472760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation and placentation depend on appropriate trophoblast invasion into the maternal endometrial stroma. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is one of the earliest embryo-derived secreted signals in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that abundantly expresses hCG receptors. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of human embryo-secreted hCG on PBMC function and investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of activated PBMC in trophoblast invasion. Blood samples were collected from women undergoing benign gynecological surgery during the mid-secretory phase. PBMC were isolated and stimulated with or without hCG for 0 or 24 h. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressions in PBMC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The JAR cell line served as a model for trophoblast cells and was divided into four groups: control, hCG only, PBMC only, and PBMC with hCG. JAR cell invasive and proliferative abilities were detected by trans-well and CCK8 assays and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 expressions in JAR cells were detected by western blotting and real-time PCR analysis. We found that hCG can remarkably promote IL-1β and LIF promotion in PBMC after 24-h culture. PBMC activated by hCG significantly increased the number of invasive JAR cells in an invasion assay without affecting proliferation, and hCG-activated PBMC significantly increased MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF and decreased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions in JAR cells in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that hCG stimulates cytokine secretion in human PBMC and could stimulate trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Basciani S, Watanabe M, Mariani S, Passeri M, Persichetti A, Fiore D, Scotto d'Abusco A, Caprio M, Lenzi A, Fabbri A, Gnessi L. Hypogonadism in a patient with two novel mutations of the luteinizing hormone β-subunit gene expressed in a compound heterozygous form. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:3031-8. [PMID: 22723313 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT LH gene mutations are rare; only four mutations have been described. The affected individuals are hypogonadal. PATIENT We describe the clinical features of a 31-yr-old man who presented with delayed puberty and azoospermia and was found to have hypogonadism associated with an absence of circulating LH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS The patient had a 12-bp deletion in exon 2 in the LH β-subunit gene and a mutation of the 5' splice site IVS2+1G→T in the same gene present in a compound heterozygous state. The first mutation predicts a deletion of four leucines of the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide. The second mutation disrupts the splicing of mRNA, generating a gross abnormality in the processing. The patient's heterozygous parents were clinically normal. The phenotype of a 16-yr-old sister of the proband, carrying the same mutations, was characterized by normal pubertal development and oligomenorrhea. CONCLUSION This report unravels two novel mutations of the LH gene critical for synthesis and activity of the LH molecule. The insight gained from the study is that normal pubertal maturation in women can occur in a state of LH deficiency, whereas LH is essential for maturation of Leydig cells and thus steroidogenesis, puberty, and spermatogenesis in man. These mutations should be considered in girls and boys with selective deficiency of LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Harvey S, Arámburo C, Sanders EJ. Extrapituitary production of anterior pituitary hormones: an overview. Endocrine 2012; 41:19-30. [PMID: 22169962 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein hormones from the anterior pituitary gland have well-established endocrine roles in their peripheral target glands. It is, however, now known that these proteins are also produced within many of their target tissues, in which they act as local autocrine or paracrine factors, with physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. This emerging concept is the focus of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada,
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Lofrano-Porto A, Barra GB, Giacomini LA, Nascimento PP, Latronico AC, Casulari LA, da Rocha Neves FDA. Luteinizing hormone beta mutation and hypogonadism in men and women. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:897-904. [PMID: 17761593 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa071999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective luteinizing hormone deficiency due to mutations in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene (LHB) is a rare cause of hypogonadism. We describe the clinical features of a consanguineous family in which three siblings, two men and one woman, had hypogonadism related to isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency. These subjects have a newly discovered homozygous mutation of a 5' splice site in LHB: IVS2+1G-->C. This mutation disrupts the splicing of messenger RNA (mRNA), generating a gross abnormality in the processing of the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit mRNA, which abrogates the secretion of luteinizing hormone. We also determined that the female phenotype of this LHB mutation is characterized by normal pubertal development, secondary amenorrhea, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lofrano-Porto
- Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brasília, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is mainly used for detection and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders but it is also an extremely sensitive and specific marker for trophoblastic tumors of placental and germ cell origin. Thus treatment of relapsing choriocarcinomas and testicular germ cell tumors is often initiated on the basis of rising hCG levels even in the absence of clinical or histological evidence of a relapse. While these tumors mostly produce the intact heterodimeric hormone consisting of an alpha (hCGalpha), and a beta subunit (hCGbeta), many nontrophoblastic tumors produce only hCGbeta This is usually a sign of aggressive disease and elevated serum levels of hCGbeta are strongly associated with poor prognosis. Elevated serum levels are observed in 45-60% of patients with biliary and pancreatic cancer and in 10-30% of most other cancers. Methods that detect hCG and hCGbeta together are mainly used for measurement of hCG-like immunoreactivity in serum. However, the reference range for hCG is 5-8 fold higher than that for hCGbeta and thus moderately elevated levels can be identified only with a specific and sensitive hCGbeta assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University, Biomedicum, PB 63 FIN-00014, Finland.
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Costa JM, Benachi A, Olivi M, Dumez Y, Vidaud M, Gautier E. Fetal expressed gene analysis in maternal blood: a new tool for noninvasive study of the fetus. Clin Chem 2003; 49:981-3. [PMID: 12766004 DOI: 10.1373/49.6.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Costa
- Centre de Diagnostic Prénatal, American Hospital of Paris, 63 bd Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
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Bisacchi D, Noonan DM, Carlone S, Albini A, Pfeffer U. Kaposi's sarcoma and human chorionic gonadotropin: mechanisms, moieties and mysteries. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1315-20. [PMID: 12437123 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a highly angiogenic neoplasm associated with infection by the human gamma-herpesvirus, HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV). When in 1872 the Hungarian scientist Moritz Kaposi described the sarcoma, which was later named after him, he was dealing with a rare dermatologic disease. Today, KS is a more common pathology due to its high incidence in AIDS, in immuno-suppressed transplantation patients and, in its endemic form, in Africa. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a drastic reduction of KS incidence in HIV-infected patients, but in some cases KS resists the treatment. KS is more common in men than in women. The observation of spontaneous remissions during pregnancy stimulated investigations into the potential anti-KS activity of the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The variable effect in clinical trials using urinary preparations of the hormone (u-hCG) has led to the hypothesis that contaminating moieties present in these preparations may account for the anti-KS effect observed in vitro. While the discrepancy between laboratory tests and clinical trials remains a mystery, little is known about potential anti-KS mechanisms of the hormone itself and/or other active moieties present in u-hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bisacchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova, Italy
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Abstract
Immune-neuroendocrine interactions in fish, as in mammals, have become a focus of considerable interest, with the modulation of immune responses by hormones receiving particular attention. Cortisol, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), reproductive hormones, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides have all been shown to influence immune functions in a number of fish species. This review summarises the known effects of these hormones on the fish immune system, as well as the often complex interactions between different hormones. The possible implications for fish health, with respect to aquaculture and the changes in immunocompetence that take place during different stages in the fish life cycle are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harris
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, Bristol, UK.
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