1
|
Ploypetch S, Wongbandue G, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Prapaiwan N. Comparative Serum Proteome Profiling of Canine Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Castration. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3853. [PMID: 38136890 PMCID: PMC10740436 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BPH is the most prevalent prostatic condition in aging dogs. Nevertheless, clinical diagnosis and management remain inconsistent. This study employed in-solution digestion coupled with nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to assess serum proteome profiling of dogs with BPH and those dogs after castration. Male dogs were divided into two groups; control and BPH groups. In the BPH group, each dog was evaluated at two time points: Day 0 (BF subgroup) and Day 30 after castration (AT subgroup). In the BF subgroup, three proteins were significantly upregulated and associated with dihydrotestosterone: solute carrier family 5 member 5, tyrosine-protein kinase, and FRAT regulator of WNT signaling pathway 1. Additionally, the overexpression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptors in the BF subgroup hints at its potential as a novel protein linked to the BPH development process. Conversely, alpha-1-B glycoprotein (A1BG) displayed significant downregulation in the BF subgroup, suggesting A1BG's potential as a predictive protein for canine BPH. Finasteride was associated with increased proteins in the AT subgroup, including apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-II, TAO kinase 1, DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 16, PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1, neuregulin 1, and pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1. In conclusion, this pilot study highlighted alterations in various serum proteins in canine BPH, reflecting different pathological changes occurring in this condition. These proteins could be a source of potential non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sekkarin Ploypetch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Grisnarong Wongbandue
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Nawarus Prapaiwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piehl N, van Olst L, Ramakrishnan A, Teregulova V, Simonton B, Zhang Z, Tapp E, Channappa D, Oh H, Losada PM, Rutledge J, Trelle AN, Mormino EC, Elahi F, Galasko DR, Henderson VW, Wagner AD, Wyss-Coray T, Gate D. Cerebrospinal fluid immune dysregulation during healthy brain aging and cognitive impairment. Cell 2022; 185:5028-5039.e13. [PMID: 36516855 PMCID: PMC9815831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains a tightly regulated immune system. However, knowledge is lacking about how CSF immunity is altered with aging or neurodegenerative disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on CSF from 45 cognitively normal subjects ranging from 54 to 82 years old. We uncovered an upregulation of lipid transport genes in monocytes with age. We then compared this cohort with 14 cognitively impaired subjects. In cognitively impaired subjects, downregulation of lipid transport genes in monocytes occurred concomitantly with altered cytokine signaling to CD8 T cells. Clonal CD8 T effector memory cells upregulated C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) in cognitively impaired subjects. The CXCR6 ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), was elevated in the CSF of cognitively impaired subjects, suggesting CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling as a mechanism for antigen-specific T cell entry into the brain. Cumulatively, these results reveal cerebrospinal fluid immune dysregulation during healthy brain aging and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Piehl
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn van Olst
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhirami Ramakrishnan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Teregulova
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke Simonton
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma Tapp
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamilton Oh
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia M Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; The Phil and Penny Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Gate
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen B, Hernandez DG, Chitrala KN, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Noren Hooten N, Pacheco NL, Mode NA, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Evans MK. APOE gene region methylation is associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged urban adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:41-48. [PMID: 35561457 PMCID: PMC10878469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm) play a central role in cognition. This study sought to identify DNAm sites in the APOE genomic region associated with cognitive performance in a racially diverse middle-aged cohort (n = 411). Cognitive performance was measured by 11 standard neuropsychological tests. Two CpG sites were associated with the Card Rotation and Benton Visual Retention cognitive tests. The methylation level of the CpG site cg00397545 was associated with Card Rotation Test score (p = 0.000177) and a novel CpG site cg10178308 was associated with Benton Visual Retention Test score (p = 0.000084). Significant associations were observed among the dietary inflammatory index, which reflects the inflammatory potential of the diet, cognitive performance and the methylation level of several CpG sites. Our results indicate that DNAm in the APOE genomic area is correlated with cognitive performance and may presage cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie T Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
G N S HS, Marise VLP, Satish KS, Yergolkar AV, Krishnamurthy M, Ganesan Rajalekshmi S, Radhika K, Burri RR. Untangling huge literature to disinter genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101421. [PMID: 34371203 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is channeled towards unravelling key disease specific drug targets/genes to predict promising therapeutic candidates. Though enormous literature on AD genetics is available, there exists dearth in data pertinent to drug targets and crucial pathological pathways intertwined in disease progression. Further, the research findings revealing genetic associations failed to demonstrate consistency across different studies. This scenario prompted us to initiate a systematic review and meta-analysis with an aim of unearthing significant genetic hallmarks of AD. Initially, a Boolean search strategy was developed to retrieve case-control studies from PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Europe PMC, grey literature and HuGE navigator. Subsequently, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed to shortlist the relevant studies. These studies were later critically appraised using New Castle Ottawa Scale and Q-Genie followed by data extraction. Later, meta-analysis was performed only for those Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) which were evaluated in at least two different ethnicities from two different reports. Among, 204,351 studies retrieved, 820 met our eligibility criteria and 117 were processed for systematic review after critical appraisal. Ultimately, meta-analysis was performed for 23 SNPs associated with 15 genes which revealed significant associations of rs3865444 (CD33), rs7561528 (BIN1) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) with AD risk.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Meuret C, Martinez A, Yassine HN, Nedelkov D. Distinct patterns of apolipoprotein C-I, C-II, and C-III isoforms are associated with markers of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100014. [PMID: 33518512 PMCID: PMC7859854 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III interact with ApoE to regulate lipoprotein metabolism and contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In plasma, apoC-I and C-II exist as truncated isoforms, while apoC-III exhibits multiple glycoforms. This study aimed to 1) delineate apoC-I, C-II, and C-III isoform profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in a cohort of nondemented older individuals (n = 61), and 2) examine the effect of APOE4 on these isoforms and their correlation with CSF Aβ42, a surrogate of brain amyloid accumulation. The isoforms of the apoCs were immunoaffinity enriched and measured with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a significantly higher percentage of truncated apoC-I and apoC-II in CSF compared with matched plasma, with positive correlation between CSF and plasma. A greater percentage of monosialylated and disialylated apoC-III isoforms was detected in CSF, accompanied by a lower percentage of the two nonsialylated apoC-III isoforms, with significant linear correlations between CSF and plasma. Furthermore, a greater percentage of truncated apoC-I in CSF and apoC-II in plasma and CSF was observed in individuals carrying at least one APOE Ɛ4 allele. Increased apoC-I and apoC-II truncations were associated with lower CSF Aβ42. Finally, monosialylated apoC-III was lower, and disialylated apoC-III greater in the CSF of Ɛ4 carriers. Together, these results reveal distinct patterns of the apoCs isoforms in CSF, implying CSF-specific apoCs processing. These patterns were accentuated in APOE Ɛ4 allele carriers, suggesting an association between APOE4 genotype and Alzheimer's disease pathology with apoCs processing and function in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Martinez
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui Y, Miao C, Hou C, Wang Z, Liu B. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1): A Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1436. [PMID: 32974161 PMCID: PMC7468425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been proved to play a critical role in gastric, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship between APOC1 and urinary tumors remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of APOC1 in urinary tumors. Methods: We performed a pan analysis of APOC1 mRNA expression in urinary cancer using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. To further investigate the prognostic value of APOC1 expression in urinary cancers, the Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used. Furthermore, we collected the tumor and adjacent normal samples of 32 ccRCC patients to perform qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. A total of 72 cases with ccRCC were analyzed using tissue microarrays (TMAs). Results: Our results based on Kaplan-Meier plotter database indicated that a high expression of APOC1 may lead to poor overall survival (OS, p = 0.0019) in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, the cancer stages and tumor grade of ccRCC appeared to be strongly linked with APOC1 expression according to UALCAN database. Hence, we reached a preliminary conclusion that APOC1 may play a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of ccRCC. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses of 72 clinical patients indicated that high expression of APOC1 was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.022). In addition, univariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the significant relationship between APOC1 expression and survival (p = 0.038). The TMAs analysis in combination with the patients' clinicopathological features was also performed. The expression of APOC1 was found to be significantly correlated with the tumor size (p = 0.018) and histological grade (p = 0.016). Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of our study suggest that APOC1 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. Further evidence on the mechanism of APOC1 promoting tumor progression may transform it to a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fuior EV, Gafencu AV. Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235939. [PMID: 31779116 PMCID: PMC6928722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and-not last-to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Fuior
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca V. Gafencu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yi J, Ren L, Wu J, Li W, Zheng X, Du G, Wang J. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:380. [PMID: 31555694 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.07.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant cancer in the worldwide, especially in China. Patients with GC have poor prognosis, which is mainly due to lack of early diagnosis. Up to now, there is no good biomarker to detect GC at early stage. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), a component of both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins, is reported to be involved in numerous biological processes. Methods Expression of APOC1 mRNA was analyzed by in silicon assay. Concentration of APOC1 in serum was measured by ELISA assay. Expression of APOC1 protein in GC tissue array was checked by immunohistochemistry. Results It was firstly found that concentration of APOC1 in serum was significantly higher in GC than that in control. Expression of APOC1 protein was also higher in GC than that in adjacent issues of GC and normal tissues using tissues array by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of APOC1 is significantly associated with clinical stage (P=0.011), tumor classification (P=0.010), as well as with the lymph node metastasis (P=0.048). Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of APOC1 was 0.803. Furthermore, elevated APOC1 expression in GC was found to be correlated with decreased overall survival (P=0.00214). Conclusions All these results suggested that APOC1 might be a potential serum biomarker to diagnose GC and a potential prognostic marker for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Wan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukherjee S, Perumal TM, Daily K, Sieberts SK, Omberg L, Preuss C, Carter GW, Mangravite LM, Logsdon BA. Identifying and ranking potential driver genes of Alzheimer's disease using multiview evidence aggregation. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:i568-i576. [PMID: 31510680 PMCID: PMC6612835 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Late onset Alzheimer's disease is currently a disease with no known effective treatment options. To better understand disease, new multi-omic data-sets have recently been generated with the goal of identifying molecular causes of disease. However, most analytic studies using these datasets focus on uni-modal analysis of the data. Here, we propose a data driven approach to integrate multiple data types and analytic outcomes to aggregate evidences to support the hypothesis that a gene is a genetic driver of the disease. The main algorithmic contributions of our article are: (i) a general machine learning framework to learn the key characteristics of a few known driver genes from multiple feature sets and identifying other potential driver genes which have similar feature representations, and (ii) A flexible ranking scheme with the ability to integrate external validation in the form of Genome Wide Association Study summary statistics. While we currently focus on demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach using different analytic outcomes from RNA-Seq studies, this method is easily generalizable to other data modalities and analysis types. RESULTS We demonstrate the utility of our machine learning algorithm on two benchmark multiview datasets by significantly outperforming the baseline approaches in predicting missing labels. We then use the algorithm to predict and rank potential drivers of Alzheimer's. We show that our ranked genes show a significant enrichment for single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Alzheimer's and are enriched in pathways that have been previously associated with the disease. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code and link to all feature sets is available at https://github.com/Sage-Bionetworks/EvidenceAggregatedDriverRanking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Preuss
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Gregory W Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A Logsdon
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Association between selected cholesterol-related gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in a Turkish cohort. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1701-1707. [PMID: 30684189 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic evidence has pointed out that variations in cholesterol-related genes may be associated with an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in several cholesterol-related genes [APOA5 (rs662799), APOC1 (rs11568822), APOD (rs1568565), CH25H (rs13500), LDLR (rs5930), SORL1 (rs2282649)] and AD in a cohort of Turkish patients. The study group consisted of 257 AD patients (mean age: 75.9 years ± 10.4) and 414 controls (mean age: 62.2 years ± 13.1). Genotyping was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using hydrolysis probes. Our results showed that the 'TT' genotype of CH25H rs13500 polymorphism was significantly more frequent in the AD group (p < 0.001) and individuals carrying the CH25H 'T' allele had an increased risk for AD (OR 3.07, 95% CI 2.13-4.44, p = 2.20e-09) independently from age, gender and APOE ε4 allele. Moreover, this risk was excessively increased (OR 14.04, 95% CI 6.99-28.23, p = 9.78e-14) in the presence of APOE ε4 allele. The 'ins/ins' genotype of APOC1 rs11568822 was significantly more frequent in the AD group compared to controls (p = 1.95e-08). However, this increased AD risk in 'ins/ins' carriers was found to be dependent on their APOE ε4 carrier status. No significant associations were found in allele and genotype distributions of APOA5, APOD, LDLR and SORL1 gene polymorphisms. Our results suggest that the association between APOC1 'ins/ins' genotype and AD risk can be explained by linkage disequilibrium with the APOE locus. CH25H rs13500 polymorphism is associated with an AD risk in the Turkish population and CH25H might have a role in the pathogenesis of AD together with, and independently from APOE.
Collapse
|
11
|
Stepler KE, Robinson RAS. The Potential of ‘Omics to Link Lipid Metabolism and Genetic and Comorbidity Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease in African Americans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:1-28. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Su W, Sun L, Yang S, Zhao H, Zeng T, Wu W, Wang D. Apolipoprotein C1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22158. [PMID: 29719090 PMCID: PMC6099310 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to investigate the carcinogenic effects of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in prostate cancer (PCa). APOC1 expression was evaluated in PCa and normal prostate specimens, and lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was used to knockdown APOC1 in DU145 cells. The effects of APOC1 silencing on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis were assessed. APOC1 expression was much higher in PCa tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, APOC1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cell cycle progression, and enhanced apoptosis in DU145 cells. Additionally, APOC1 silencing decreased survivin, phospho-Rb, and p21 levels and increased cleaved caspase-3 expression. These data supported the procarcinogenic effects of APOC1 in the pathogenesis of PCa and suggested that targeting APOC1 may have applications in the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐peng Su
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐na Sun
- Department of Presbyatrics, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| | - Shun‐liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou Dongfang HospitalXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361005People's Republic of China
| | - Teng‐yue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐zhen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350025People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sridharan J, Haremaki T, Weinstein DC. Cloning and spatiotemporal expression of Xenopus laevis Apolipoprotein CI. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191470. [PMID: 29346450 PMCID: PMC5773212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CI (ApoCI) belongs to the Apolipoprotein superfamily, members of which are involved in lipid transport, uptake and homeostasis. Excessive ApoCI has been implicated in atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease in humans. In this study we report the isolation of Xenopus laevis apoCI and describe the expression pattern of this gene during early development, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and whole mount in situ hybridization. Xenopus apoCI is enriched in the dorsal ectoderm during gastrulation, and is subsequently expressed in sensory placodes, neural tube and cranial neural crest. These data suggest as yet uncharacterized roles for ApoCI during early vertebrate embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Sridharan
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomomi Haremaki
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Weinstein
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) discovered a number of SNPs and genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how these SNPs and genes influence the liability to AD is not fully understood. We deployed computational approaches to explore the function and action mechanisms of AD -related SNPs and genes identified by GWASs, including the effects of 195 GWAS lead SNPs and 338 proxy SNPs on miRNAs binding and protein phosphorylation, their RegulomeDB and 3DSNP scores, and gene ontology, pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction network of 126 AD-associated genes. Our computational analysis identified 6 lead SNPs (rs10119, rs1048699, rs148763909, rs610932, rs6857 and rs714948) and 2 proxy SNPs (rs12539172 and rs2847655) that potentially impacted the miRNA binding. Lead SNP rs2296160 and proxy SNPs rs679620 and rs2228145 were identified as PhosSNPs potentially influencing protein phosphorylation. AD-associated genes showed enrichment of “regulation of beta-amyloid formation”, “regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly”, “leukocyte mediated immunity” and “protein-lipid complex assembly” signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network and functional module analyses identified highly-interconnected “hub” genes (APOE, PICALM, BIN1, ABCA7, CD2AP, CLU, CR1, MS4A4E and MS4A6A) and bottleneck genes (APOE, TOMM40, NME8, PICALM, CD2AP, ZCWPW1, FAM180B, GAB2 and PTK2B) that created three tight subnetworks. Our results provided the targets for further experimental assessment and further insight on AD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pohlkamp T, Wasser CR, Herz J. Functional Roles of the Interaction of APP and Lipoprotein Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 28298885 PMCID: PMC5331069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fates of the key initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and a family of lipoprotein receptors, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRPs) and their molecular roles in the neurodegenerative disease process are inseparably interwoven. Not only does APP bind tightly to the extracellular domains (ECDs) of several members of the LRP group, their intracellular portions are also connected through scaffolds like the one established by FE65 proteins and through interactions with adaptor proteins such as X11/Mint and Dab1. Moreover, the ECDs of APP and LRPs share common ligands, most notably Reelin, a regulator of neuronal migration during embryonic development and modulator of synaptic transmission in the adult brain, and Agrin, another signaling protein which is essential for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and which likely also has critical, though at this time less well defined, roles for the regulation of central synapses. Furthermore, the major independent risk factors for AD, Apolipoprotein (Apo) E and ApoJ/Clusterin, are lipoprotein ligands for LRPs. Receptors and ligands mutually influence their intracellular trafficking and thereby the functions and abilities of neurons and the blood-brain-barrier to turn over and remove the pathological product of APP, the amyloid-β peptide. This article will review and summarize the molecular mechanisms that are shared by APP and LRPs and discuss their relative contributions to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Souza MBR, Araújo GS, Costa IG, Oliveira JRM. Combined Genome-Wide CSF Aβ-42’s Associations and Simple Network Properties Highlight New Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:120-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Barbisin M, Vanni S, Schmädicke AC, Montag J, Motzkus D, Opitz L, Salinas-Riester G, Legname G. Gene expression profiling of brains from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected cynomolgus macaques. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:434. [PMID: 24898206 PMCID: PMC4061447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders whose pathogenesis mechanisms are not fully understood. In this context, the analysis of gene expression alterations occurring in prion-infected animals represents a powerful tool that may contribute to unravel the molecular basis of prion diseases and therefore discover novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutics. Here we present the first large-scale transcriptional profiling of brains from BSE-infected cynomolgus macaques, which are an excellent model for human prion disorders. RESULTS The study was conducted using the GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array and revealed 300 transcripts with expression changes greater than twofold. Among these, the bioinformatics analysis identified 86 genes with known functions, most of which are involved in cellular development, cell death and survival, lipid homeostasis, and acute phase response signaling. RT-qPCR was performed on selected gene transcripts in order to validate the differential expression in infected animals versus controls. The results obtained with the microarray technology were confirmed and a gene signature was identified. In brief, HBB and HBA2 were down-regulated in infected macaques, whereas TTR, APOC1 and SERPINA3 were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Some genes involved in oxygen or lipid transport and in innate immunity were found to be dysregulated in prion infected macaques. These genes are known to be involved in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Our results may facilitate the identification of potential disease biomarkers for many neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Association between APOC1 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87017. [PMID: 24498013 PMCID: PMC3909044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous association studies examining the relationship between the APOC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have shown conflicting results, and it is not clear if an APOC1 variant acts as a genetic risk factor in AD etiology across multiple populations. Methods To confirm the risk association between APOC1 and AD, we designed a case-control study and also performed a meta-analysis of previously published studies. Results Seventy-nine patients with AD and one hundred fifty-six unrelated controls were included in case-control study. No association was found between the variation of APOC1 and AD in stage 1 of our study. However, our meta-analysis pooled a total of 2092 AD patients and 2685 controls. The APOC1 rs11568822 polymorphism was associated with increased AD risk in Caucasians, Asians and Caribbean Hispanics, but not in African Americans. APOE ε4 carriers harboring the APOC1 insertion allele, were more prevalent in AD patients than controls (χ2 = 119.46, OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 2.31–3.36, P<0.01). Conclusions The APOC1 insertion allele, in combination with APOE ε4, likely serves as a potential risk factor for developing AD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Logue MW, Schu M, Vardarajan BN, Buros J, Green RC, Go RCP, Griffith P, Obisesan TO, Shatz R, Borenstein A, Cupples LA, Lunetta KL, Fallin MD, Baldwin CT, Farrer LA. A comprehensive genetic association study of Alzheimer disease in African Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 68:1569-79. [PMID: 22159054 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of genetic variation with late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) in African Americans, including genes implicated in recent genome-wide association studies of whites. DESIGN We analyzed a genome-wide set of 2.5 million imputed markers to evaluate the genetic basis of AD in an African American population. SUBJECTS Five hundred thirteen well-characterized African American AD cases and 496 cognitively normal African American control subjects. SETTING Data were collected from multiple sites as part of the Multi-Institutional Research on Alzheimer Genetic Epidemiology (MIRAGE) Study and the Henry Ford Health System as part of the Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease Among African Americans (GenerAAtions) Study. RESULTS Several significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the region of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). After adjusting for the confounding effects of APOE genotype, one of these SNPs, rs6859 in PVRL2, remained significantly associated with AD (P = .0087). Association was also observed with SNPs in CLU, PICALM, BIN1, EPHA1, MS4A, ABCA7, and CD33, although the effect direction for some SNPs and the most significant SNPs differed from findings in data sets consisting of whites. Finally, using the African American genome-wide association study data set as a discovery sample, we obtained suggestive evidence of association with SNPs for several novel candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS Some genes contribute to AD pathogenesis in both white and African American cohorts, although it is unclear whether the causal variants are the same. A larger African American sample will be needed to confirm novel gene associations, which may be population specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Logue
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lucatelli JF, Barros AC, Silva VKD, Machado FDS, Constantin PC, Dias AAC, Hutz MH, de Andrade FM. Genetic influences on Alzheimer's disease: evidence of interactions between the genes APOE, APOC1 and ACE in a sample population from the South of Brazil. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1533-9. [PMID: 21533863 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Several genes have been suggested as Alzheimer's susceptibility factors, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene being an established susceptibility gene and the genes coding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) being considered possible candidate genes for the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of ACE and APOC1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and dementia in general, both alone and combined with the APOE gene. Forty-seven patients with dementia in general (35 of them with Alzheimer's disease) and 85 controls were investigated. The haplotypes E*3/-317*ins and E*4/-317*ins of APOE/APOC1 genes were significantly more frequent in the groups with Alzheimer's disease and dementia in general (P < 0.001). The frequency of the ACE*ins allele was also greater in the groups with Alzheimer's disease and dementia in general (P = 0.022; P = 0.045), but genotype frequencies were only different in groups without the E*4/-317*ins haplotype (P = 0.012 for Alzheimer's disease; P = 0.04 for dementia). Our data point to important genetic interactions involved in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fagion Lucatelli
- Health Science Institute, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Inovação, PROPI Sala 201 F, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, No. 2755, B. Vila Nova, Novo Hamburgo, RS, 93352-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chuang WL, Hsieh YC, Wang CY, Kuo HC, Huang CC. Association of apolipoproteins e4 and c1 with onset age and memory: a study of sporadic Alzheimer disease in Taiwan. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2010; 23:42-8. [PMID: 20145290 DOI: 10.1177/0891988709351804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinical manifestations and neuropsychological effects of Alzheimer disease (AD) in apolipoprotein (ApoE) e4 carriers and to investigate the relationships between ApoE HhaI polymorphism and apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) HpaI polymorphism in Taiwanese patients with AD. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 127 patients with AD and 191 elderly individuals were screened for ApoE and APOC1 polymorphism. All patients underwent neuropsychological testing, including a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and/or the Visual Association Memory Test (VAMT) with Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. RESULTS The frequencies of the e4 and A alleles were significantly higher in the AD group. In the patients with AD, the e4 and A allele effects on those with an age-of-onset of 60 to 79 years were stronger than those with an age-of-onset of 80 years or higher. Visual Association Memory Test performance was significantly worse in e4-allele carriers but not in A-allele carriers, in the early AD, particularly in those affected with AD for less than 2 years. Although there was no statistically significant difference in genotypic frequency between patients and controls, the 2 genes were linked. In addition, the presence of the AA genotype concomitant with the e4 allele may be better associated with AD diagnosis than either factor alone. CONCLUSION We conclude that the e4 allele affects neuropsychological performance and illness morbidity. Concomitantly, ApoE e4 and APOC1 A alleles have a better association with AD than ApoE e4 alone. In addition, APOC1 may partially contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, but the nature of its relationship with e4 requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martins IJ, Berger T, Sharman MJ, Verdile G, Fuller SJ, Martins RN. Cholesterol metabolism and transport in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2010; 111:1275-308. [PMID: 20050287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. Apart from age, the major risk factor identified so far for the sporadic form of AD is possession of the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), which is also a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Other apolipoproteins known to play an important role in CAD such as apolipoprotein B are now gaining attention for their role in AD as well. AD and CAD share other risk factors, such as altered cholesterol levels, particularly high levels of low density lipoproteins together with low levels of high density lipoproteins. Statins--drugs that have been used to lower cholesterol levels in CAD, have been shown to protect against AD, although the protective mechanism(s) involved are still under debate. Enzymatic production of the beta amyloid peptide, the peptide thought to play a major role in AD pathogenesis, is affected by membrane cholesterol levels. In addition, polymorphisms in several proteins and enzymes involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein transport and metabolism have been linked to risk of AD. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that changes in cholesterol metabolism are intimately involved in AD pathogenic processes. This paper reviews cholesterol metabolism and transport, as well as those aspects of cholesterol metabolism that have been linked with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Seripa D, Panza F, Franceschi M, D'Onofrio G, Solfrizzi V, Dallapiccola B, Pilotto A. Non-apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein E genetics of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:214-36. [PMID: 19496238 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The genetic epidemiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) remains a very active area of research,making it one of the most prolifically published areas in medicine and biology. Numerous putative candidate genes have been proposed. However, with the exception of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the only confirmed genetic risk factor for SAD, all the other data appear to be not consistent. Nevertheless, the genetic risk for SAD attributable to the APOE gene in the general population is 20-0%, providing a strong evidence for the existence of additional genetic risk factors. The first part of the present article was dedicated to non-APOE genetics of SAD, reviewing chromosomes-by-chromosomes the available data concerning the major candidate genes. The second part of this article focused on some recently discovered aspects of the APOE polymorphism and their implications for SAD. An attempt to identify the future directions for non-APOE genetic research in SAD was also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abildayeva K, Berbée JF, Blokland A, Jansen PJ, Hoek FJ, Meijer O, Lütjohann D, Gautier T, Pillot T, De Vente J, Havekes LM, Ramaekers FC, Kuipers F, Rensen PC, Mulder M. Human apolipoprotein C-I expression in mice impairs learning and memory functions. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:856-69. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700518-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
25
|
Mathews CA, Reus VI, Bejarano J, Escamilla MA, Fournier E, Herrera LD, Lowe TL, McInnes LA, Molina J, Ophoff RA, Raventos H, Sandkuijl LA, Service SK, Spesny M, León PE, Freimer NB. Genetic studies of neuropsychiatric disorders in Costa Rica: a model for the use of isolated populations. Psychiatr Genet 2004; 14:13-23. [PMID: 15091311 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200403000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of genetics in understanding the etiology of mental illness has become increasingly clear in recent years, as more evidence has mounted that almost all neuropsychiatric disorders have a genetic component. It has also become clear, however, that these disorders are etiologically complex, and multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to their makeup. So far, traditional linkage mapping studies have not definitively identified specific disease genes for neuropsychiatric disorders, although some potential candidates have been identified via these methods (e.g. the dysbindin gene in schizophrenia; Straub et al., 2002; Schwab et al., 2003). For this reason, alternative approaches are being attempted, including studies in genetically isolated populations. Because isolated populations have a high degree of genetic homogeneity, their use may simplify the process of identifying disease genes in disorders where multiple genes may play a role. Several areas of Latin America contain genetically isolated populations that are well suited for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. Genetic studies of several major psychiatric illnesses, including bipolar disorder, major depression, schizophrenia, Tourette Syndrome, alcohol dependence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are currently underway in these regions. In this paper we highlight the studies currently being conducted by our groups in the Central Valley of Costa Rica to illustrate the potential advantages of this population for genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0810, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi J, Zhang S, Ma C, Liu X, Li T, Tang M, Han H, Guo Y, Zhao J, Zheng K, Kong X, Zhang K, Su Z, Zhao Z. Association between apolipoprotein CI HpaI polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 109:140-5. [PMID: 14705977 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate into the relationship of apolipoprotein CI (ApoCI) polymorphism with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 257 AD patients and 242 age-matched elderly individuals were genotyped for the ApoCI HpaI and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) HhaI polymorphisms. RESULTS The ApoCI A allele was associated with AD of moderate to severe dementia when patients were divided into two subgroups according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and the AA genotype was strongly associated with moderate to severe AD in ApoE epsilon4 allele carriers [odds ratio (OR) = 8.19, 95% confidential interval: 1.28-52.30, after adjusting for age and gender by logistic regression analysis], although in total no significant differences of allele or genotype frequency between patients and controls were found. CONCLUSION The present study partially confirmed the previous findings, suggesting that the ApoCI A allele might contribute to the susceptibility to moderate to severe sporadic AD in Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Serra-Grabulosa JM, Salgado-Pineda P, Junqué C, Solé-Padullés C, Moral P, López-Alomar A, López T, López-Guillén A, Bargalló N, Mercader JM, Clemente IC, Bartrés-Faz D. Apolipoproteins E and C1 and brain morphology in memory impaired elders. Neurogenetics 2003; 4:141-6. [PMID: 12736801 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-002-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of the apolipoproteins E ( APOE) and APOC1 represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The brain mechanisms by which these genetic variations affect behavior or clinical severity are poorly understood. We studied the effect of APOE and APOC1 genes on magnetic resonance imaging measures in a sample of 50 subjects with age-associated memory impairment. The APOE E4 allele was associated with reduced left hippocampal volumes and APOE*E3 status was associated with greater frontal lobe white matter volumes. However, no APOE effects were observed when analyses accounted for other potential confounding variables. The effects of APOC1 on hippocampal volumes appeared to be more robust than those of the APOE polymorphism. However, no modulatory effects on brain morphology outside the medial temporal lobe region were observed when demographic variables, clinical status, and other anatomical brain measurements were taken into consideration. Our results suggest that the role of the APOC1 polymorphism in brain morphology of the cognitively impaired elderly should be examined in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Serra-Grabulosa
- Departement de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao L, Gabriel C, Lavoie T, Ye SQ. An improved RSP method to detect HpaI polymorphism in the apolipoprotein C-1 gene promoter. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 3:13. [PMID: 12429068 PMCID: PMC137584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2002] [Accepted: 11/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An apolipoprotein C1 gene promoter polymorphism (CGTT insertion at position -317) is associated with familial dysbetalipoprotemia, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. Restriction site polymorphism (RSP) assays were previously established to detect this polymorphism. In this study, we introduce an improved RSP assay to detect this polymorphism. METHODS This method included newly designed primers and only one round of PCR amplification which yields one short and specific APOC1 fragment followed by HpaI digestion. Briefly, It consists of three steps: 1) one round of PCR amplification of DNA sample, 2) HpaI enzyme digestion of PCR products, and 3) electrophoresis on an agarose gel to visualize the genotypes. This improved RSP method was applied to genotype 92 human samples collected from The Johns Hopkins Hospital. RESULTS The observed allele frequencies for H1 and H2 from 92 genotyped human subjects were 0.707 and 0.293 respectively. The H2 allele frequency in the black subjects (0.350) was significantly (p = 0.024) higher than that in the white subjects (0.177). This method was more economical and convenient than the methods previously reported to detect this mutation in the APOC1 gene. CONCLUSIONS This assay will be readily applied to screen large sample sizes for population studies in a simple and cost effective way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Curt Gabriel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Tera Lavoie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:593-600. [PMID: 12112187 DOI: 10.1002/gps.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|