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Gutiérrez JC, Merino S, de la Calle P, Perrino C, Represa M, Moral P. Correlation of preoperative findings in computed axial tomography with the presence of difficult airway in patients undergoing head and neck otorhinolaryngological surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 65:252-257. [PMID: 29502798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a correlation between 4 measurements made on preoperative computed axial tomography and the presence of difficult airway, as well as its clinical prediction in patients undergoing otorhinolaryngological surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective, observational study was carried out using the information gathered from the clinical notes of 104 patients undergoing general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation for oncological otorhinolaryngological surgery over a period of 36 months. Based on the findings in the preoperative imaging tests, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, where the dependent variable was the presence of extreme grades of visualization of the glottis visualisation (Cormack III-IV) or the presence of predictors of difficult intubation (Mallampati III-IV). This resulted in a total of 4 tomographic and clinical factors of difficult airway being introduced in this model. RESULTS In the Cormack III-IV group, the results were not statistically significant in the multivariate model when compared to the tomography predictors, distance from epiglottis to posterior pharyngeal wall (95% CI; 0.030 - 2.31, P<.05), and the distance from the base of the tongue to the posterior pharyngeal wall (95% CI; 0.018-1.37, P<.05). In the Mallampati III-IV group, in the multivariate model only the distance from the vocal cords to the posterior pharyngeal wall showed clinically significant results (95% CI; 0.104 - 8.53, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS In the approach to the airway, reliance on predictors is based on physical examination to anticipate situations that put oxygenation and ventilation of the patients at risk. There are still insufficient data to recommend imaging tests in this area, however it seems that in the future they may be added to the diagnostic performance of physical examination as predictors of difficult airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.
| | - S Merino
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - P de la Calle
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - C Perrino
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - M Represa
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - P Moral
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Gibert M, Theves C, Ricaut FX, Dambueva I, Bazarov B, Moral P, Crubezy E, Perrucho M, Felix-Sanchez M, Sevin A. mtDNA variation in the Buryat population of the Barguzin Valley: New insights into the micro-evolutionary history of the Baikal area. Ann Hum Biol 2010; 37:501-23. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460903433828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Bahri R, Esteban E, Moral P, Chaabani H. New insights into the genetic history of Tunisians: Data from Alu insertion and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 35:22-33. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460701753729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Resano M, Esteban E, González-Pérez E, Vía M, Athanasiadis G, Avena S, Goicoechea A, Bartomioli M, Fernández V, Cabrera A, Dejean C, Carnese F, Moral P. How many populations set foot through the Patagonian door? Genetic composition of the current population of Bahía Blanca (Argentina) based on data from 19 Alu polymorphisms. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 19:827-35. [PMID: 17876811 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The city of Bahía Blanca occupies a strategic place in Argentina south of the Pampean region in the north-east corner of the Patagonia. Since 1828, this city has been the historical and political border between Amerindian lands in the south, and the lands of European colonists. Nowadays, Bahía Blanca is an urban population mainly composed by descendents of immigrants from Spain and other European countries with apparently low admixture with Amerindians. In view of the unexpectedly high Amerindian admixture levels (about 46.7%) suggested by mtDNA data, and protein markers (19.5%), we analyzed a set of 19 Alu polymorphisms (18 autosomal, 1 of Chromosome Y) in a well-documented genealogical sample from Bahía Blanca. The genotyped sample was made up of 119 unrelated healthy individuals whose birth place and grandparent origins were fully documented. According to available genealogical records, the total sample has been subdivided into two groups: Bahía Blanca Original (64 individuals with all 4 gandparents born in Argentina) and Bahía Blanca Mix (55 individuals with one to three grandparents born out of Argentina). Allele frequencies and gene diversity values in Bahía Blanca fit well into the European ranges. Population relationships have been tested for 8 Alu markers, whose variation has been described in several Amerindian and European samples. Reynolds genetic distances underline the significant genetic similarity of Bahía Blanca to Europeans (mean distance 0.044) and their differentiation from Amerindians (0.146). Interestingly enough, when the general sample is divided, Bahía Blanca Original appears slightly closer to Amerindians (0.127) in contrast to Bahía Blanca Mix (0.161). Furthermore, the genetic relationships depicted through a principal components analysis emphasize the relative similarity of Bahía Blanca Original to Amerindians. A thorough knowledge of the sample origins has allowed us to make a subtle distinction of the genetic composition of Bahía Blanca.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Resano
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Luna F, Moral P, Alonso V, Fernandez-Santander A. Factors Influencing Prereproductive Mortality in the Isolated and Preindustrial Western Mediterranean Population of La Alpujarra, 1900–1950. Hum Biol 2007; 79:381-94. [DOI: 10.1353/hub.2007.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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González-Pérez E, Esteban E, Via M, García-Moro C, Hernández M, Moral P. Genetic change in the polynesian population of Easter Island: evidence from Alu insertion polymorphisms. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:829-40. [PMID: 17044858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The origin of Pacific islanders is still an open issue in human population genetics. To address this topic we analyzed a set of 18 Alu insertion polymorphisms in a total of 176 chromosomes from native Easter Island inhabitants (Rapanui). Available genealogical records allowed us to subdivide the total island sample into two groups, representative of the native population living in the island around 1900, and another formed by individuals with some ancestors of non-Rapanui origin. Significant genetic differentiation was found between these groups, allowing us to make some biodemographic and historical inferences about the origin and evolution of this geographically isolated island population. Our data are consistent with equivalent and recent contributions from Amerindian and European migrants to the 1900s Rapanui population, with an accelerated increase in the European gene flow during the 20(th) century, especially since the 1960s. Comparative analysis of our results with other available Alu variation data on neighbouring populations supports the "Voyaging Corridor" model of Polynesian human settlement, which indicates that pre-Polynesians are mainly derived from Southeast Asian and Wallacean populations rather than from Taiwan or the Philippines. This study underlines the importance of sampling and taking into account historical information in genetic studies to unravel the recent evolution of human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Pérez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ariza M, Pueyo R, Matarín MDM, Junqué C, Mataró M, Clemente I, Moral P, Poca MA, Garnacho A, Sahuquillo J. Influence of APOE polymorphism on cognitive and behavioural outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:1191-3. [PMID: 16614010 PMCID: PMC2077553 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.085167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the influence of apolipoprotein (APOE) epsilon4 status on the cognitive and behavioural functions usually impaired after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS In all, 77 patients with TBI selected from 140 consecutive admissions were genotyped for APOE. Each patient was subjected to neuropsychological and neurobehavioural assessment at least 6 months after injury. RESULTS Performance of participants carrying the epsilon4 allele was notably worse on verbal memory (Auditory Verbal Learning Test), motor speed, fine motor coordination, visual scanning, attention and mental flexibility (Grooved Pegboard, Symbol Digit Modalities Test and part B of the Trail Making Test) and showed considerably more neurobehavioural disturbances (Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised) than the group without the epsilon4 allele. CONCLUSIONS In particular, performance on neuropsychological tasks that are presumed to be related to temporal lobe, frontal lobe and white matter integrity is worse in patients with the APOE epsilon4 allele than in those without it. More neurobehavioural disturbances are observed in APOE epsilon4 carriers than in APOE epsilon2 and epsilon3 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Falchi A, Giovannoni L, Piras IS, Calo CM, Moral P, Vona G, Varesi L. Prevalence of genetic risk factors for coronary artery disease in Corsica island (France). Exp Mol Pathol 2005; 79:210-3. [PMID: 16248996 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frequencies of seven markers among 100 unrelated individuals with angiographically documented CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) and among 100 unrelated healthy blood donors in the central region of Corsica island (France). The seven polymorphisms analyzed were chosen from six candidate genes involved in (1) Renin-Angiotensin system: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I/D), (2) Lipid metabolism: Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein gene (CETP TAQ1B), (3) Platelet aggregation: alpha and beta subunits of the platelet GpIIb/GpIIIa integrin complex (GpIIb HPA3 and GpIIIa Pl(A1/A2)), (4) Coagulation fibrinolysis: Plasminogen Activator Tissue (PLAT TPA25 I/D) and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C). The samples were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme analysis for the RFLPs. No significant difference in allele frequencies between patient and control groups was observed. The occurrence of the MTHFR T677T genotype and of the T677T/A1298A compound genotype is higher in cases (20%) than in the controls (4%). Odds ratio seems to indicate that individuals with the MTHFR T677T genotype and the T677T/A1298A compound genotype had a 6-fold increased risk for developing CAD (ORs = 6; 95% CIs = 1.96-18.28) suggesting a possible association of MTHFR C677T with the risk of CAD in Corsican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Falchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Corsica, BP52 20250 Corte Corsica, France
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Coudray C, Guitard E, Kandil M, Harich N, Melhaoui M, Baali A, Sevin A, Moral P, Dugoujon JM. Study of GM immunoglobulin allotypic system in Berbers and Arabs from Morocco. Am J Hum Biol 2005; 18:23-34. [PMID: 16378347 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GM immunoglobulin allotype polymorphism was investigated in four Moroccan populations: three Berber groups from Khenifra (Middle Atlas), Amizmiz (High Atlas), and Bouhria (Beni Snassen) and one Arabic-speaking sample from the Doukkala area (Abda, Chaouia, Doukkali, and Tadla districts in south-central Morocco). In order to characterize the genetic relationships between the populations, our results were compared with those obtained for other North African groups (from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Niger) and for Middle-East Africans, sub-Saharans, and Southwest Europeans. Based on GM haplotype frequencies, Factorial Correspondence Analyses, F(ST) significance testing, and hierarchical analyses of variance were performed. Our results reveal that Moroccan populations have heterogeneous GM profiles with high frequencies of GM haplotypes in Europeans (from 76% for Doukkala to 88% for Bouhria) and relatively high frequencies of GM haplotypes in sub-Saharans (from 11% for Bouhria to 23% for Amizmiz). The genetic diversity observed among Moroccans is not significantly correlated with either geographic or linguistic differentiation. In spite of their cultural and historical differentiation, we did not discover any significant genetic differences between Berbers and Arabic-speakers from Morocco. However, when large geographical areas are considered, our population samples are integrated in the North African GM variation, significantly distant from sub-Saharan groups but with a close relationship with Southwest European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coudray
- Centre d'Anthropologie, UMR 8555, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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10
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Esteban E, Via M, González-Pérez E, Santamaría J, Dugoujon JM, Vona G, Harich N, Luna F, Saetta AA, Bissar N, Moral P. An unexpected wide population variation of the G1733A polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene: Data on the Mediterranean region. Am J Hum Biol 2005; 17:690-5. [PMID: 16254899 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several cancers (breast, prostate, uterine endometrium, colon, and esophagus). Ethnicity is considered an associated risk factor for some of these cancers. Several case-control genetic studies have been focused in samples of the main ethnic groups, but little is known about the distribution of risk polymorphisms in current populations with accurate ethnic and/or geographic origins. The A allele of the G1733A polymorphism of the AR gene has been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. We provide data from this marker in 12 samples from 7 Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Italy (Sardinia), Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt. A sample from Ivory Coast has also been analyzed. The A allele distribution shows a frequency in the Ivory Coast population (65.17%) that contrasts with the low values found in Northern Mediterraneans (mean average value of 13.98%). North African populations present two-times higher frequencies (average value of 27.19%) than Europeans. The wide population variation range found for the A allele strengthens the potential interest of further screening as a baseline to the design of future preventive and population health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esteban
- Department of Animal Biology-Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Esteban E, González-Pérez E, Harich N, López-Alomar A, Via M, Luna F, Moral P. Genetic relationships among Berbers and South Spaniards based on CD4 microsatellite/Alu haplotypes. Ann Hum Biol 2004; 31:202-12. [PMID: 15204363 DOI: 10.1080/03014460310001652275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4 STR/Alu haplotype diversity, both for its qualitative and quantitative properties, has been widely used in molecular anthropology to clarify the degree of genetic relationships among human populations. AIM CD4 STR/Alu variation was studied in two West Mediterranean samples, Andalusians from La Alpujarra region on the north side of the Gibraltar Strait and Berbers from the south, to ascertain the pattern of affinities between them. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Alu and microsatellite alleles were tested in 99 Andalusians from La Alpujarra region (Southeast Spain) and 124 Middle Atlas Berbers (Morocco). RESULTS Two new combinations of Alu and STR alleles (75(+) and 80(-)) were found in Berbers. The CD4 STR/Alu haplotype distribution in South Spaniards is similar to that of other Europeans, the only special feature is the slight presence of the 90(+) and 130(+) typical Sub-Saharan haplotypes. The Berber sample is characterized by a high number of different haplotypes (18) with intermediate heterozygosity values (0.846) in comparison with other North African groups, and by a high frequency of the 110(-) combination that has been proposed as representative of an ancient Northwest African population. CONCLUSION A geographical gradient of Sub-Saharan gene contribution has been detected in North Africa. The Middle Atlas Berbers showed an intermediate value in comparison with the high and low values found in Mauritanians and Moroccan Berbers, respectively. The analysis of the CD4 STR/Alu haplotype variation failed to indicate any particular relationship between South Spaniards and North Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esteban
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Department de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Serra-Grabulosa JM, Salgado-Pineda P, Junqué C, Solé-Padullés C, Moral P, López-Alomar A, López T, López-Guillén A, Bargalló N, Mercader JM, Clemente IC, Bartrés-Faz D. Apolipoproteins E and C1 and brain morphology in memory impaired elders. Neurogenetics 2003; 4:141-6. [PMID: 12736801 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-002-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of the apolipoproteins E ( APOE) and APOC1 represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The brain mechanisms by which these genetic variations affect behavior or clinical severity are poorly understood. We studied the effect of APOE and APOC1 genes on magnetic resonance imaging measures in a sample of 50 subjects with age-associated memory impairment. The APOE E4 allele was associated with reduced left hippocampal volumes and APOE*E3 status was associated with greater frontal lobe white matter volumes. However, no APOE effects were observed when analyses accounted for other potential confounding variables. The effects of APOC1 on hippocampal volumes appeared to be more robust than those of the APOE polymorphism. However, no modulatory effects on brain morphology outside the medial temporal lobe region were observed when demographic variables, clinical status, and other anatomical brain measurements were taken into consideration. Our results suggest that the role of the APOC1 polymorphism in brain morphology of the cognitively impaired elderly should be examined in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Serra-Grabulosa
- Departement de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Vona G, Moral P, Memmì M, Ghiani ME, Varesi L. Genetic structure and affinities of the Corsican population (France): classical genetic markers analysis. Am J Hum Biol 2003; 15:151-63. [PMID: 12621603 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequencies of 19 classical genetic markers for a total of 54 alleles were studied in a sample of 1,164 individuals born and residing in five different regions of Corsica. The results, which are also discussed in the context of the Mediterranean populations, show the existence within Corsica of a certain genetic differentiation between north and south which follows the linguistic subdivision differentiation. Compared to the other Mediterranean populations, Corsica also appears to be greatly differentiated from the populations of regions such as France and Tuscany, regions which have had great political and cultural influence. The Mediterranean population most comparable to Corsica is Sardinia. Despite their common origin, however, they do not prove to be absolutely identical. The genetic characteristics of Corsica and their relationship with the Mediterranean populations are interpreted in terms of demographic and matrimonial structure, isolation, and genetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vona
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
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Fernández-Santander A, Kandil M, Luna F, Moral P. Twenty nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a Moroccan population: a comparison with seven other human populations. Hum Biol 2002; 74:695-706. [PMID: 12495083 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2002.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A south central Moroccan sample was analyzed for 20 nuclear DNA polymorphisms (restriction fragment length polymorphisms). The population was chosen on the basis of available information on its history, making it suitable for comparisons with data from other European populations. The markers analyzed have been studied previously in several human groups from different continents, and data on African and European samples have been compared to evaluate the genetic affinity of the studied sample with other populations, especially with two Spanish groups: Basques and Andalusians. Heterozygosity levels showed intermediate values between the African and European groups and higher than those found so far in an African group for the studied markers. Genetic distances closely matched geographical relationships through neighbor-joining tree and correspondence analysis, the Moroccans being closer to the European groups than the sub-Saharan Africans included in the analysis. Allele distributions revealed specific population associations with large weight of several alleles in the differentiation of some groups. Gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa appears to be relevant in understanding the differentiation of present Moroccan populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Santander
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Europea CEES, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Harich N, Esteban E, Chafik A, López-Alomar A, Vona G, Moral P. Classical polymorphisms in Berbers from Moyen Atlas (Morocco): genetics, geography, and historical evidence in the Mediterranean peoples. Ann Hum Biol 2002; 29:473-87. [PMID: 12396367 DOI: 10.1080/03014460110104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean population relationships have recently been reviewed through the analysis of classical and DNA markers. The differentiation between Berbers and Arabic-speakers to the south, and the genetic impact of the seven centuries of Muslim domination in the Iberian Peninsula have been among the most interesting questions posed in these studies. AIM The present study seeks to assess the degree of genetic affinity between the two main population groups of Morocco: Berbers and Arabic-speakers. Data from the Berber study population were also compared with published information on 20 circum-Mediterranean groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A Berber sample of 140 individuals from Moyen Atlas (Morocco) has been characterized using 15 classical markers (ABO, Duffy, MNSs, Rh, ACPl, AKl, ESD, GLOI, 6-PGD, PGMl, GC, HP, PI, PLG and TF). RESULTS Allele frequencies in the Berbers fit well into the general southern Mediterranean ranges, albeit with some peculiarities, such as the high FY*A, ACPl*C, and PI*S values. The general pattern of relationships among Mediterranean peoples tested by genetic variance analysis was compatible with a north-south geographical differentiation. Spatial auto-correlation analysis in the different geographical regions of the Mediterranean reveals that the highest degree of association between allele frequencies and geographical distances corresponds to the western (41% of significant correlograms) and northern Mediterranean populations (33%). When only southern Mediterranean groups were considered, the degree of geographical structure considerably decreases (11% of significant correlograms). CONCLUSIONS The different loci studied revealed close similarity between the Berbers and other north African groups, mainly with Moroccan Arabic-speakers, which is in accord with the hypothesis that the current Moroccan population has a strong Berber background. Differences in the spatial pattern of allele frequencies also are compatible with specific population histories in distinct Mediterranean areas, rather than general population movements across the whole region.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Harich
- Départément de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences. Université Chouaïb-Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
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González-Pérez E, Via M, López-Alomar A, Esteban E, Valveny N, Bao M, Domingo E, Moral P. Lack of association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and ischaemic heart disease (IHD): family-based association study in a Spanish population. Clin Genet 2002; 62:235-9. [PMID: 12220440 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, traditionally associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), was assessed in a Spanish population. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to determine a possible association in a sample of 101 trios of IHD patients. The distribution of MTHFR genotypes was similar in the IHD subjects and the parental group; the TT genotype was present in 14.9% of IHD patients, as compared to 15.2% in the parents. The frequency of the T allele was also similar in IHD cases and parents (39.6% vs. 42.4%; p = 0.649). The TDT confirmed that the observed transmission of the T allele did not deviate significantly from the expected one (chi2 = 0.743; p > 0.4). Our TDT analysis clearly demonstrates a lack of association between the T allele of the C677T mutation in MTHFR and cardiovascular artery disease, both for the general group and for different risk subgroups (smokers, hypertension, male sex, overweight and type A behaviour pattern) in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Pérez
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Unitat d'Hemodinàmica, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebron, Spain
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Harich N, Esteban E, López-Alomar A, Chafik A, Moral P. Apolipoprotein molecular variation in Moroccan Berbers: pentanucleotide (TTTTA)n repeat in the LPA gene and APOE-C1-C2 gene cluster. Clin Genet 2002; 62:240-4. [PMID: 12220441 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein LPA, APOE, APOC1, and APOC2 genotype frequencies have been determined for the first time in a North African population. A sample of 140 Berber individuals from the Moroccan Moyen Atlas region has been analyzed. Allelic and haplotypic data have been used to compare our sample with other world populations and the results clearly differentiate Berbers from Europeans and Sub-Saharans, suggesting several distinctive features of Moroccan Berbers as the extreme high values of LPA PNR*11 pentanucleotide allele (10.5%) and the relatively high and low values of APOE*E4 (15.7%) and *E2 (4.5%) in comparison to other Mediterraneans. Another remarkable result is the frequency distribution of the two APOC2 alleles (70% vs 30%) in comparison with the European pattern (50% of each allele). The high values of APOE*E4 and LPA PNR*7 together with the intermediate linkage disequilibrium values between APOE and APOC1 alleles in comparison with Europeans and Africans suggest a certain degree of Sub-Saharan influence in the current Moroccan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Harich
- Départément de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco, Spain
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18
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Harich N, Esteban E, Chafik A, Moral P. Dermatoglyphic characterization of Berbers from Morocco: qualitative and quantitative digital and palm data. Ann Hum Biol 2002; 29:442-56. [PMID: 12160477 DOI: 10.1080/03014460110102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demographic impact of the Arabization in the Berber genetic background has been extensively studied by means of different classical and DNA genetic markers. Information from other biological traits as dermatoglyphics could be of interest in order to gain an insight into the relationship between these two North African groups. AIM The Moroccan Berber population is characterized by means of digital and palm dermatoglyphics to determine the degree of genetic affinities among Berber and other Mediterraneans, especially the Moroccan Arab-speakers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Finger patterns, pattern intensity, finger total ridge counts, pattern frequencies in the five configuration areas of the palm, mainline D terminations, and a-b ridge count were analysed in a sample of 120 males and 103 females of Moyen Atlas (Morocco). RESULTS Bilateral asymmetry was more pronounced than sexual differences in the overall distribution of the analysed traits. Our two series (males and females) exhibit high values of total ridge count (TRC) and mainline D terminations in comparison with other Mediterranean series. Several pattern frequencies in fingers and palm areas also differentiate the Berbers of Moyen Atlas from North Africans. CONCLUSION The picture obtained by principal components based on qualitative digital and palm data revealed that Berber males were within the variation range of North African groups while Berber females clustered with some Iberian samples. The population pattern obtained in a bivariate plot of quantitative finger data showed the Berbers (males and females) as the most differentiated population in the Mediterranean context. Dermatoglyphic data failed to indicate any particular proximity between Berbers and Arab-speakers from Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Harich
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
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19
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Bartrés-Faz D, Clemente IC, Monràs M, Muñoz M, López-Alomar A, Valveny N, Moral P, Gual A, Sánchez-Turet M, Guardia J, Junqué C. Relation of Apo E and ACE genes to cognitive performance in chronic alcoholic patients. Addict Biol 2002; 7:227-33. [PMID: 12006218 DOI: 10.1080/135562102200120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and ACE genes have been related to several conditions involving cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease, normal ageing and cerebrovascular disease. However, it has not been established whether their genotypes are associated with alcoholism or its cognitive functioning. Genotypic distributions of 140 chronic alcoholic patients were compared with a non-alcoholic sample, and the cognitive performance of a subsample of the alcoholic subjects was assessed with standard neuropsychological tests. No differences in allele or genotype distributions of Apo E or ACE genes were found when comparing controls and alcoholics (Apo E epsilon2/2; patients 1.4%, controls 0% p < 0.06; epsilon2/epsilon3; patients 9.3%, controls 6.6% p < 0.29; epsilon2/epsilon4; patients 0%, controls 1% p < 0.31; epsilon3/epsilon3 patients 71.4%, controls 72% p < 0.89; epsilon3/epsilon4; patients 15.7%, controls 19.2%, p < 0.36; epsilon4/epsilon4; patients 2.1%, controls 1.2% p < 0.44; ACE D/D; patients 35%, controls 28.5% p < 0.14; I/D; patients 47.5%, controls 51.1% p < 0.51; I/I; patients 14.5%, controls 20.4% p < 0.19). In terms of cognitive performance, epsilon4/epsilon3 patients did better on visuoconstructive (p < 0.001) and visual memory (p < 0.04) functions compared with epsilon2/epsilon3 bearers. Furthermore, ACE D/D patients performed better on a test of abstract reasoning (p < 0.03) compared with the ACE I/I homozygous group. The cognitive results suggest that Apo E or ACE genotypes may modify the effects of ethanol on cognitive deterioration in alcoholic patients. However, the data do not support an association between the Apo E epsilon4 allele and reduced cognitive performance in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer, Spain.
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20
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Giraldo MP, Esteban E, Aluja MP, Nogués RM, Backés-Duró C, Dugoujon JM, Moral P. Gm and Km alleles in two Spanish Pyrenean populations (Andorra and Pallars Sobirà): a review of Gm variation in the Western Mediterranean basin. Ann Hum Genet 2001; 65:537-48. [PMID: 11851984 DOI: 10.1017/s0003480001008880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two Spanish eastern Pyrenean populations, Andorra and Pallars Sobirà, have been tested for G1m(1,2,3,17), G2m(23), G3m(5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,28) and Km(1) immunoglobulin allotypes. Km allele and Gm haplotype frequencies in both samples fit well into the Western Mediterranean and, more strictly, Pyrenean ranges with some peculiarities: Andorra showed an elevated frequency (14.7%) of the typical Asian and European Gm21,28;1,2,17;. haplotype, while Pallars Sobirà was characterized by high values (3.7%) of Gm5*;1,17;., a typical sub-Saharan Gm haplotype. Gm diversity assessed through genetic distance and variance analyses revealed a significant geographic partition (4.3%) of Mediterraneans among south, north-east, and north-west groups. It is interesting to note the relatively low genetic variance (2.1%) found between south and north-western Mediterraneans that could reflect ancient population relationships. More locally, genetic boundaries and diversity analyses failed to indicate any geographic pattern and/or genetic differentiation related with the political border in the Pyrenees. The present pattern of variation in this area is probably the result of genetic isolation processes, in addition to some specific demographic phenomena, in the Pyrenean valleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Giraldo
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Bartrés-Faz D, Clemente IC, Junqué C, Valveny N, López-Alomar A, Sánchez-Aldeguer J, López-Guillén A, Moral P. APOE and APOC1 genetic polymorphisms in age-associated memory impairment. Neurogenetics 2001; 3:215-9. [PMID: 11714102 DOI: 10.1007/s100480100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of two genetic polymorphisms (APOE and APOC1) in a sample of 100 subjects fulfilling the NIMH criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) and 124 controls. We found significant associations both for APOE and APOC1 loci and their combinations with the AAMI condition. The findings in our sample suggest that memory-impaired subjects as described by the NIMH may be genetically differentiated from normally aging subjects in relation to these two polymorphisms and indicate the interest of considering variations in the APOC1 gene for further studies in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Pangrazio A, Santolamazza P, Vona G, Moral P, Latini V, Varesi L, Memmi MM, Romano V, De Leo G, Gennarelli M, Jaruzelska J, Villems R, Parik J, Macaulay V, Torroni A. Human Y-chromosome variation in the western Mediterranean area: implications for the peopling of the region. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:871-84. [PMID: 11543889 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Y-chromosome variation was analyzed in a sample of 1127 males from the Western Mediterranean area by surveying 16 biallelic and 4 multiallelic sites. Some populations from Northeastern Europe and the Middle East were also studied for comparison. All Y-chromosome haplotypes were included in a parsimonious genealogic tree consisting of 17 haplogroups, several of which displayed distinct geographic specificities. One of the haplogroups, HG9.2, has some features that are compatible with a spread into Europe from the Near East during the Neolithic period. However, the current distribution of this haplogroup would suggest that the Neolithic gene pool had a major impact in the eastern and central part of the Mediterranean basin, but very limited consequences in Iberia and Northwestern Europe. Two other haplogroups, HG25.2 and HG2.2, were found to have much more restricted geographic distributions. The first most likely originated in the Berbers within the last few thousand years, and allows the detection of gene flow to Iberia and Southern Europe. The latter haplogroup is common only in Sardinia, which confirms the genetic peculiarity and isolation of the Sardinians. Overall, this study demonstrates that the dissection of Y-chromosome variation into haplogroups with a more restricted geographic distribution can reveal important differences even between populations that live at short distances, and provides new clues to their past interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scozzari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza,", Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
This study attempted to analyze the effect of several factors on the stillbirth pattern in a relatively isolated rural population, La Alpujarra (Spain), during the first half of the 20th century. The study was a retrospective analysis from a total sample of 2199 births to 525 mothers, allowing for birth year of mother, maternal age, parental inbreeding, family size, birth order, sex, single/twin delivery, and birth interval. Binomial probability distribution of stillbirths provided no evidence for any significantly increased risk in relation to family size. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of stillbirth risk in affected families indicated a significant effect for sex of the child, parental consanguinity, and birth year of mother. Logistic regression showed increased risk in twin delivery and pregnancy order one, but not for birth order other than one. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) testing for differences between affected and unaffected families supported a temporal decrease of stillbirths during the period studied. Although the birth interval average was significantly shorter in affected families (p < 0.0001), this association did not hold, in a more detailed analysis, for individual intervals in these families (p = 0.20). There was no significant effect of maternal age on stillbirths in the whole sample or limited to first pregnancies. These results suggest that birth order one and twin delivery were the main determinants of the stillbirth pattern in La Alpujarra. Furthermore, our data indicate that the decline in stillbirth rate began before medical facilities for perinatal care became available, which was not until after 1950. The temporal decrease in stillbirth rates may therefore be related to an increasing social attention to deliveries rather than to prenatal care medical facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luna
- Departamento Biología Animal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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24
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Bartrés-Faz D, Junqué C, Clemente IC, Serra-Grabulosa JM, Guardia J, López-Alomar A, Sánchez-Aldeguer J, Mercader JM, Bargalló N, Olondo M, Moral P. MRI and genetic correlates of cognitive function in elders with memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22:449-59. [PMID: 11378252 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between genetic variation, MRI measurements and neuropsychological function in a sample of 58 elders exhibiting memory decline. In agreement with previous reports, we found that the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) and the D allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms negatively modulated the cognitive performance. Further, we found an association between the A allele of the apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) polymorphism and poorer memory and frontal lobe function. No clear associations emerged between MRI measures of white matter lesions (WML) or hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSC) and the cognitive performance after controlling for age effects. Further, the degree of WML or HSC lesions was in general not predisposed genetically except for the presence of the A allele of the APOC1 polymorphism that was related to a higher severity of HSC scores. Our results suggest that WML or HSC do not represent important brain correlates of genetic influences on cognitive performance in memory impaired subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Bartrés-Faz D, Junqué C, López-Alomar A, Valveny N, Moral P, Casamayor R, Salido A, Bel C, Clemente IC. Neuropsychological and genetic differences between age-associated memory impairment and mild cognitive impairment entities. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49:985-90. [PMID: 11527492 DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To neuropsychologically and genetically compare age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) entities and to determine what proportion of AAMI diagnosed individuals could also receive a MCI diagnosis. To compare the distribution of a previously known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (apolipoprotein E common polymorphism) associated with these two conditions with a sample of the normal aging. DESIGN Neuropsychological and genetic assessments in AAMI and MCI individuals. Genetic assessment in AAMI, MCI, and control subjects. SETTING General health centers and geriatric homes from northeastern Spain (Catalunya). PARTICIPANTS One hundred and four subjects presenting subjective memory complaints were selected and the AAMI and MCI criteria were applied. One hundred and twenty-four healthy Spanish subjects age 50 and older were defined as controls. MEASUREMENTS Memory, language, and frontal lobe functions were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests. The apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism was obtained by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HhaI restriction endonuclease. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of previously diagnosed AAMI individuals could also be identified as MCI subjects. These MCI cases differed from those only-AAMI individuals both in neuropsychological and genetic analyses, performing worse not only on memory but also on language and frontal lobe tests and presenting high and low prevalences of the apo E epsilon 3/epsilon 4 and epsilon 3/epsilon 3 genotypes, respectively. The general AAMI sample of 93 individuals also differed from controls in the apo E genotype and allele distributions but these differences were no longer present after subtracting the MCI cases (63 subjects). These findings reflect that the differences between the memory impaired sample and the control sample regarding the apo E polymorphism were mainly attributable to MCI individuals and not to those who received only a diagnosis of AAMI alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that among AAMI subjects, those who also fulfill the MCI criteria present a neuropsychological and genetic profile closer to that previously related to Alzheimer's disease than those individuals only eligible for a diagnosis of AAMI. However, our findings also suggest that using only the AAMI criteria still appears to select a population that differs genetically from the normal older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Unitat de Psicobiologia, Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Abstract
An anthropologically well-defined Spanish sample from La Alpujarra (SE Spain) was analyzed for 73 nuclear DNA polymorphisms. The population was chosen on the basis of available information on its history and demographic characteristics making it suitable for comparisons with data from North African populations. The Moslem invasion in this area was longer than anywhere in the Iberian Peninsula (more than nine centuries). The markers analyzed have been studied previously in 10 human populations from different continents. The Alpujarrenian population was checked for these markers and it is the one with the highest number of chromosomes analyzed. Two new alleles were sized and heterozygosity levels were very similar to other European populations. Genetic distances closely matched geographical relationships both with neighbor joining tree and principal component analysis. Allele distributions revealed specific associations with some populations. This work reveals the importance of these markers for evolutionary studies of human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Santander
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Bartrés-Faz D, Junqué C, Clemente IC, López-Alomar A, Valveny N, López-Guillén A, López T, Cubells MJ, Moral P. Angiotensin I converting enzyme polymorphism in humans with age-associated memory impairment: relationship with cognitive performance. Neurosci Lett 2000; 290:177-80. [PMID: 10963892 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared the distribution of an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism coding for the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene in 100 subjects fulfilling NIMH criteria for Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) and 124 controls. We found significantly reduced prevalences of the ACE I/I genotype together with increases of the ACE D allele in the AAMI group. We further compared the neuropsychological performance of the AAMI group according to their ACE genotype. Those AAMI subjects presenting the ACE I/I genotype exhibited better performance on a measure of frontal lobe function. Our results suggest that the lack of the ACE I/I genotype and the presence of the ACE D allele are associated with memory impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Psychobiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
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28
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Abstract
This study describes the mortality patterns during the present century (1914-1996) and investigates the epidemiological transition in a single community, Easter Island (Rapanui), the geographically most isolated inhabited island. Mortality patterns were reconstructed from civil records and included deaths of all island residents. The mean annual number of deaths is 9.3. A steady decline in the mortality rate linked to rapid modernization is the most relevant general trait. Although a small mortality crisis was detected in 9 years of the period studied, there was no significant seasonality in the deaths, possibly due to little climatic variation. The most serious sanitary problem was leprosy, endemic on the island from the end of the 19(th) century. Sanitary improvements, on one hand, and the effective breakdown of isolation, on the other, brought about the eradication of leprosy and the beginning of an epidemiological transition. In the latter years of the study, there was an increasing prevalence of degenerative diseases, connected, in part, with changes in the age structure of the population caused by the decline of mortality. A correspondence analysis shows the relationships between causes of death and age, and makes clear the different incidence of disease by age. The infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chilean population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:371-381, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. García-Moro
- Secció Antropologia, Facultat Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Hernández M, García-Moro C, Moral P, González-Martín A. Population evolution in 20th-century Easter Island: endogamy and admixture. Hum Biol 2000; 72:359-77. [PMID: 10803666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We studied the 20th-century evolution of the Rapanui population of Easter Island, the most geographically isolated in the world, to analyze the current process of admixture. Using parochial birth records, we determined origin of the birth parents based on their surnames. The origin of parents reveals two stages of population evolution: endogamy, due to the isolation of the island, but with a strong rejection of isonymous marriages; and admixture, beginning in 1965 with the opening of the island to the rest of the world. We used Lasker's coefficient (Lasker's Ri) and the Shannon-Weaver coefficient of diversity (H) to characterize both stages. The gene flow evaluated from admixture has increased significantly since 1965. Births from exogamous unions represented 3.5% of total births from 1937 to 1965. increased to 43.2% between 1966 and 1980, and constituted 50.8% of all births between 1981 and 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hernández
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Fernández-Santander A, Kandil M, Luna F, Esteban E, Giménez F, Zaoui D, Moral P. Genetic relationships between southeastern Spain and Morocco: New data on ABO, RH, MNSs, and DUFFY polymorphisms. Am J Hum Biol 1999; 11:745-752. [PMID: 11533990 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(199911/12)11:6<745::aid-ajhb4>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic polymorphism of four blood group systems (ABO, RH, MNSs, and DUFFY) was analyzed in two well-defined population samples coming from south-central Morocco and southeastern Spain. Both a controversial ancient common substrate and the long period of coexistence between North Africa and southern Spain during the eight centuries of the Islamic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula suggest a particular genetic relationship between northwestern Africa and southern Spain. Allele distributions in each sample are in general agreement with that expected according to the geographical and historical characteristics in the Mediterranean region. However, the differences between the Moroccan sample and other north African groups illustrate considerable genetic variability in this geographical region. In comparison with other samples from different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, the markers examined fail to demonstrate any particular affinity between the southern Spanish sample of La Alpujarra and Moroccan populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:745-752, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fernández-Santander
- Departamento de Biología Animal I (Antropología), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Kandil M, Moral P, Esteban E, Autori L, Mameli GE, Zaoui D, Calo C, Luna F, Vacca L, Vona G. Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Moroccans and southern Spaniards: new data for the genetic history of the western Mediterranean. Hum Biol 1999; 71:791-802. [PMID: 10510571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Population samples from Morocco (El Jadida, south Atlantic coast) and La Alpujarra (Granada mountains, Spain), located on both shores of the western Mediterranean, were typed for 8 erythrocyte genetic markers: ACP1, ESD, PGD, AK1, GLO1, PGM1, SODA, and DIA. Genetic heterogeneity within western Mediterranean groups was investigated on the basis of allele frequencies of these 8 polymorphisms plus ABO and Rh (CDE). Only slight peculiarities for the ACP1, GLO1, and AK1 systems were observed in the 2 samples compared with other Mediterranean data. The new data are consistent with a main north to south genetic differentiation in the Mediterranean region. However, with regard to other European groups, the La Alpujarra population shows a particular affinity with North Africans that may be compatible with both an ancient common substratum and/or a special historical influence during the Muslim domination of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kandil
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
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32
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Bartrés-Faz D, Junqué C, López A, Valveny N, Moral P, Gálvez E, López T, Moya A, Navarro JL, Clemente I. Apo E influences declarative and procedural learning in age-associated memory impairment. Neuroreport 1999; 10:2923-7. [PMID: 10549798 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199909290-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) is a clinical entity which was originally described to define memory problems linked to normal aging. Apolipoprotein E and ACE genes have both been associated with cognitive impairment in aging and dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate memory and executive functions in AAMI according to the genetic background. We found that subjects carrying the Apo E epsilon4 allele exhibit lower memory performance on tests of both declarative and procedural memory. We did not find differences on frontal lobe tests. These findings give further support to the hypothesis concerning a genetic susceptibility for cognitive impairment in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Malaspina P, Torroni A, Sellitto D, Arredi B, Destro-Bisol G, De Stefano G, Rickards O, Martinez-Labarga C, Modiano D, Biondi G, Moral P, Olckers A, Wallace DC, Novelletto A. Combined use of biallelic and microsatellite Y-chromosome polymorphisms to infer affinities among African populations. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:829-46. [PMID: 10441590 PMCID: PMC1377990 DOI: 10.1086/302538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To define Y-chromosome haplotypes, we studied seven biallelic polymorphic sites. We combined data with those from four dinucleotide-repeat polymorphisms, to establish Y-chromosome compound superhaplotypes. Eight biallelic haplotypes that matched the dendrogram proposed by other investigators were identified in 762 Y chromosomes from 25 African populations. For each biallelic site, coalescence time of lineages carrying the derived allele was estimated and compared with previous estimates. The "ancestral" haplotype (haplotype 1A) was observed among Ethiopians, "Khoisan" (!Kung and Khwe), and populations from northern Cameroon. Microsatellite distributions within this haplotype showed that the Khoisan haplotypes 1A are widely divergent from those of the other two groups. Populations from northern Africa and northern Cameroon share a haplotype (i.e., 1C), which is not observed in other African populations but represents a major Eurasian cluster. Haplotypes 1C of northern Cameroon are clearly distinct from those of Europe, whereas haplotypes 1C of northern African are well intermingled with those of the other two groups. Apportionment of diversity for the Y-chromosomal biallelic haplotypes was calculated after populations were clustered into different configurations. Despite some correspondence between language affiliation and genetic similarity, geographic proximity seems to be a better predictor of genetic affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scozzari
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy.
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34
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Fernández-Santander A, Luna F, Moral P. Variation of 17 RFLP markers on chromosome 13 in southeastern Spain. Anthropol Anz 1999; 57:97-103. [PMID: 10483480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The allele frequency distribution of 17 nuclear DNA restriction polymorphisms at 15 loci on chromosome 13 was examined in a sample of 70 unrelated autochthonous individuals from La Alpujarra rural mountainous region in Southeastern Spain. The markers typed, 14 associated with anonymous segments and three located on coding regions, constitute a subset from the battery of the nuclear RFLPs previously proposed for population studies (Bowcock et al. 1991). In our sample no Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations were present and the average heterozygosity over all loci was 0.367 +/- 0.031. The significant differences for five markers observed between our sample and a Spanish Basque group underline the usefulness of this kind of DNA markers for the analysis of populations relationships even at the continental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Santander
- Departamento de Biologia, Unidad de Antropologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Malaspina P, Cruciani F, Ciminelli BM, Terrenato L, Santolamazza P, Alonso A, Banyko J, Brdicka R, García O, Gaudiano C, Guanti G, Kidd KK, Lavinha J, Avila M, Mandich P, Moral P, Qamar R, Mehdi SQ, Ragusa A, Stefanescu G, Caraghin M, Tyler-Smith C, Scozzari R, Novelletto A. Network analyses of Y-chromosomal types in Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia reveal specific patterns of geographic distribution. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:847-60. [PMID: 9718330 PMCID: PMC1377388 DOI: 10.1086/301999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a study of 908 males from Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, the variation of four Y-linked dinucleotide microsatellites was analyzed within three "frames" that are defined by mutations that are nonrecurrent, or nearly so. The rapid generation and extinction of new dinucleotide length variants causes the haplotypes within each lineage to diverge from one another. We constructed networks of "adjacent" haplotypes within each frame, by assuming changes of a single dinucleotide unit. Two small and six large networks were obtained, the latter including 94.9% of the sampled Y chromosomes. We show that the phenetic relationships among haplotypes, represented as a network, result largely from common descent and subsequent molecular radiation. The grouping of haplotypes of the same network thus fits an evolutionarily relevant criterion. Notably, this method allows the total diversity within a sample to be partitioned. Networks can be considered optimal markers for population studies, because reliable frequency estimates can be obtained in small samples. We present synthetic maps describing the incidence of different Y-chromosomal lineages in the extant human populations of the surveyed areas. Dinucleotide diversity also was used to infer time intervals for the coalescence of each network.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malaspina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Carnevale, Rome, Italy
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36
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Abstract
Dermatoglyphic finger patterns and pattern intensity were examined in a sample of 204 (105 males and 99 females) adults from the authochthonous Arab population of south central Morocco. No significant sex differences were found for the overall finger pattern incidence or for the pattern intensity index. A high incidence of arches is the most remarkable characteristic of this population as compared to other Mediterranean groups. The significant differences from two previous sets of Moroccan data indicate a remarkable heterogeneity within the present day Moroccan population. Also important is the differentiation of this sample from other north African ethnic groups such as Berbers and Tuaregs. An analysis of the dermatoglyphic relationships using R-matrix analysis, shows a relative proximity between this Moroccan series and other southwest European groups as compared to north African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kandil
- Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
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37
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Esteban E, Dugoujon JM, Guitard E, Sénégas MT, Manzano C, de la Rúa C, Valveny N, Moral P. Genetic diversity in northern Spain (Basque Country and Cantabria): GM and KM variation related to demographic histories. Eur J Hum Genet 1998; 6:315-24. [PMID: 9781037 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity in Northern Spain (SW Europe) was assessed through the analysis of the GM and KM immunoglobulin markers in 505 individuals using a set of 17 allotypes, including the G2M(23) allotype which has been infrequently used before now. The individuals were representative of three anthropologically well-defined populations belonging to two geographically and archaeologically distinct areas in the Basque Country (Guipúzcoa and Alava provinces) and to the mountainous region of Montes de Pas in the province of Cantabria. Gene frequency distributions indicated a high genetic divergence between Montes de Pas and the Basque Country, and a relative degree of heterogeneity between the two Basque regions. The genetic differentiation of Montes de Pas, which is consistent with previous classical polymorphism analyses, suggests a considerable genetic variation range within the Iberian Peninsula, possibly higher than that often polarised around the Basque versus non-Basque variation. Analyses of genetic structure show that the major differentiation of Montes de Pas could be related to the historically documented mixed origin of this population. The moderate genetic distances between regions in the Spanish Basque Country could be explained by differential systematic pressures acting through a stronger gene flow in the South than in the more isolated Northern areas. The comparisons with neighbouring populations from the French Pyrenees suggest that the present genetic variation revealed by lg polymorphisms in SW Europe can be related to historical demographic processes including gene flow and/or low population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esteban
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Torroni A, Bandelt HJ, D'Urbano L, Lahermo P, Moral P, Sellitto D, Rengo C, Forster P, Savontaus ML, Bonné-Tamir B, Scozzari R. mtDNA analysis reveals a major late Paleolithic population expansion from southwestern to northeastern Europe. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:1137-52. [PMID: 9545392 PMCID: PMC1377079 DOI: 10.1086/301822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA sequence variation was studied in 419 individuals from nine Eurasian populations, by high-resolution RFLP analysis, and it was followed by sequencing of the control region of a subset of these mtDNAs and a detailed survey of previously published data from numerous other European populations. This analysis revealed that a major Paleolithic population expansion from the "Atlantic zone" (southwestern Europe) occurred 10,000-15,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum. As an mtDNA marker for this expansion we identified haplogroup V, an autochthonous European haplogroup, which most likely originated in the northern Iberian peninsula or southwestern France at about the time of the Younger Dryas. Its sister haplogroup, H, which is distributed throughout the entire range of Caucasoid populations and which originated in the Near East approximately 25,000-30,000 years ago, also took part in this expansion, thus rendering it by far the most frequent (40%-60%) haplogroup in western Europe. Subsequent migrations after the Younger Dryas eventually carried those "Atlantic" mtDNAs into central and northern Europe. This scenario, already implied by archaeological records, is given overwhelming support from both the distribution of the autochthonous European Y chromosome type 15, as detected by the probes 49a/f, and the synthetic maps of nuclear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torroni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy.
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39
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Esteban E, Dugoujon JM, Valveny N, Gonzalez-Reimers E, Moral P. Spanish and African contribution to the genetic pool of the Canary islanders: data from GM and KM haplotypes and RFLPs in the immunoglobulin IGHG loci. Ann Hum Genet 1998; 62:33-45. [PMID: 9659976 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1998.6210033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Data on the GM and KM haplotypes and RFLPs in the immunoglobulin IGHG loci are reported intending to evaluate the genetic contribution of the different populations (Europeans and Africans) who settled Tenerife Island. The GM and KM allotypic systems reveal an estimated European genetic admixture of 88%. The only possible African contribution is the presence of the GM*1,17;...;5* haplotype (2.5%), but no other traces of Black African characteristic haplotypes are found. Although new RFLP haplotypes are described, DNA variation is similar to that reported in Caucasoids with a marked absence of restriction fragments characteristic of Black Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esteban
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Memmi M, Moral P, Calò C, Autuori L, Mameli G, Succa V, Varesi L, Vona G. Genetic structure of southwestern Corsica (France). Am J Hum Biol 1998; 10:567-577. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1998)10:5<567::aid-ajhb3>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/1997] [Accepted: 06/28/1997] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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41
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Cabrero F, Ortiz M, Mesa M, Fuster V, Moral P. Red-Green Colour Blindness in the Tormes-Alberche Valley (Ávila-Central Spain). anthranz 1997. [DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/55/1997/295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Cabrero FJ, Ortiz MA, Mesa MS, Fuster V, Moral P. Red-green colour blindness in the Tormes-Alberche Valley (Avila-Central Spain). Anthropol Anz 1997; 55:295-301. [PMID: 9468757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A population from a Central Spanish region (Tormes-Alberche Valley) has been investigated for the presence of red-green colour vision defects. A sample of 998 subjects (469 male and 529 female) was analyzed. To identify colour vision defects, Ishihara test plates were used. The red-green colour blindness percentage obtained was 4.69 +/- 0.976% for males (2.13% protan and 2.56% deutan types) and none of the females tested were found to be colour blind. These results are within the variation range of Mediterranean populations and lower than the usual frequencies among non-Mediterranean European samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cabrero
- Departamento de Biología Animal I., Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Malaspina P, Santolamazza P, Ciminelli BM, Torroni A, Modiano D, Wallace DC, Kidd KK, Olckers A, Moral P, Terrenato L, Akar N, Qamar R, Mansoor A, Mehdi SQ, Meloni G, Vona G, Cole DE, Cai W, Novelletto A. Differential structuring of human populations for homologous X and Y microsatellite loci. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:719-33. [PMID: 9326337 PMCID: PMC1715969 DOI: 10.1086/515500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pattern of variation at the homologous microsatellite loci DYS413 (Yq11) and DXS8174 and DXS8175 (Xp22) was analyzed by examination of 30 world populations from four continents, accounting for more than 1,100 chromosomes per locus. The data showed discordant patterns of among- and within-population gene diversity for the Y-linked and the X-linked microsatellites. For the Y-linked polymorphism, all groups of populations displayed high FST values (the correlation between random haplotypes within subpopulations, relative to haplotypes of the total population) and showed a general trend for the haplotypes to cluster in a population-specific way. This was especially true for sub-Saharan African populations. The data also indicated that a large fraction of the variation among populations was due to the accumulation of new variants associated with the radiation process. Europeans exhibited the highest level of within-population haplotype diversity, whereas sub-Saharan Africans showed the lowest. In contrast, data for the two X-linked polymorphisms were concordant in showing lower FST values, as compared with those for DYS413, but higher within-population variances, for African versus non-African populations. Whereas the results for the X-linked loci agreed with a model of greater antiquity for the African populations, those for DYS413 showed a confounding pattern that is apparently at odds with such a model. Possible factors involved in this differential structuring for homologous X and Y microsatellite polymorphisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scozzari
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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44
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Luna F, Polo V, Fernandez-Santander A, Moral P. Spontaneous abortion pattern in an isolated Mediterranean population: La Alta Alpujarra Oriental (southeast Spain). Hum Biol 1997; 69:345-56. [PMID: 9164045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of several family and embryonic factors on the abortion pattern in a rural Mediterranean population (La Alta Alpujarra Oriental, Southeast Spain) were analyzed from interview data on 3163 pregnancies from the first half of the twentieth century. No significant differences in spontaneous abortion rates were detected between endogamous and exogamous couples. The abortion pattern of this population is characterized mainly by family and embryonic factors. High rates of early abortions were significantly associated with maternal age and pregnancy order, and parental consanguinity was linked with a notable decrease of abortion frequency during the earlier stages of pregnancy. A tendency toward a higher risk for abortion was also confirmed for twinship of the fetus. The interactions identified between abortion risk and maternal age, pregnancy order, and inbreeding emphasize the important contribution of sociodemographic factors to prereproductive mortality in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luna
- Departmento Biología Animal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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45
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Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in one Moroccan and six Spanish populations, a total of 660 individuals. No significant differences were observed between samples, and the mean relative frequencies (with 95% confidence intervals) found were 0.104 (0.069-0.139) for the epsilon4 allele, 0.855 (0.813-0.897) for epsilon3 and 0.041 (0.015-0.067) for epsilon2. Frequencies of the epsilon4 allele were low in comparison to Northern European populations, but similar to those reported for other South-European populations. The presence of a rare mutation, E2 Christchurch, in one Basque individual was confirmed by sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valveny
- Laboratori d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Fañanás L, Sala J, Vives S, Moral P. Pairwise associations between classical polymorphism in a human population from the Central Pyrenees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02447896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Moral P, Esteban E, Vives S, Valveny N, Toja DI, Gonzalez-Reimers E. Genetic study of the population of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain): protein markers and review of classical polymorphisms. Am J Phys Anthropol 1997; 102:337-49. [PMID: 9098503 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199703)102:3<337::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Data on six protein polymorphisms (19 alleles) from the human population of Tenerife are presented and discussed along with other classical markers in relation to the origin of the Canarians. Genetic influences from three population groups were considered: the Iberians, and the Berbers and non-Berbers (Arabs) from north Africa. The systems examined show the Tenerife population lies within the limits of variation described for various Iberian groups, with a slight tendency towards the characteristics of north African populations. When blood groups, red cell enzymes and serum protein data were considered, the similarity of the Canary population to Iberians seems strengthened (70% estimated contribution of Iberian peninsula genes to the present-day Canarian pool), while some relation with north African groups is shown. Genetic distances between Canarians and Arabs and Canarians and Berbers are lower than those between the two north African groups, indicating a relative and comparable contribution of each to the present-day gene pool of the Canarian population. The Arab contribution could be attributable to the slaves who were introduced to these islands after the conquest in the 15th century, while the Berber contribution could be the remnants of the extinct aboriginal peoples of the islands (Guanches) or a more recent immigration due to slavery. Genetic data do not allow us to distinguish between these two possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moral
- Departamento d Biología Animal, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Fãnanás L, Moral P, Gutiérrez B, Guillamat R, Vallés V, Campillo M, Gutiérrez-Pacheco B, Lütken N, Bertranpetit J. Haptoglobin phenotypes and gene frequencies in bipolar disorder: an association study in family-history subgroups. Hum Hered 1997; 47:27-32. [PMID: 9017976 DOI: 10.1159/000154385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that major depression is accompanied by significantly increased plasma levels of positive acute-phase proteins such as haptoglobin (Hp). A significant higher frequency of the HP*1 allele has recently been detected in patients with unipolar major depression. Pursuing the hypothesis that certain unipolar and bipolar disorders may be genetically related, this study analyzed Hp genotype and allele frequencies in bipolar patients, taking into account their family history of major affective disorders. An increase of HP*1 allele frequency was found in the subgroup of patients with family history of exclusively unipolar disorder (70% in patients vs. 38% in controls, chi2 = 8.34, p = 0.004). The relative risk for the HP*1 carriers in this subgroup was 3.8 (chi2 = 7.29, p = 0.007). These results suggest a genetic and etiological heterogeneity in the bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fãnanás
- Laboratori d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Abstract
An interesting aspect of the island of Sardinia (Italy) is the wide range of genetic variability within the island itself. The variability is widened by the presence of some populations of different ethnic origin who speak a language other than Sardinian. This work deals with the study of the genetic structure of the Carloforte population which inhabits the tiny island of S. Pietro 4 km off the southwest coast of Sardinia. S. Pietro was first populated in 1738 by emigrants coming from the island of Tabarka (Tunisia) who spoke an archaic form of the Ligurian dialect. Data on genetic polymorphisms in the Carloforte population are presented and discussed in relation to some Sardinian and Italian populations. Data on demographic and matrimonial structure are also presented. The genetic analyses show the Carloforte population as being clearly separated from both Sardinians and continental Italians. The isolation of Carloforte, highlighted by language diversity, endogamy, and consanguinity levels and marriage area, supports the idea of genetic diversity linked to cultural peculiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vona
- Department of Experimental Biology, Cagliari University, Italy
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50
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Vidal R, Miravitlles M, Jardí R, Torrella M, Rodríguez-Frías F, Moral P, Vaqué J. [Study of the frequency of different phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin in a population of Barcelona]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 107:211-4. [PMID: 8755448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is caused by homozygous inheritance of gene Z, and is associated with a high risk of developing pulmonary emphysema. Determination of frequencies of different genes associated with the deficiency (especially S and Z) gives a clue to estimate the number of individuals homozygous PiZZ, carrying a high risk for pulmonary disease, in any given population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pi phenotypes of 440 healthy individuals were determined by means of isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel. Seric values of AAT were determined by immunonephelometry. Mean age of participants was 30 years (range 18-49 yrs.). Results are compared with other published series. RESULTS Distribution of phenotypes was: PiMM 333 individuals (75%), PiMS 84 (19%), PiMZ 14 (3%), PiSS 4 (0.9%), PiM 3 (0.6%), PiMF 1 (0.2%), PiMP 1 (0.2%). The corresponding gene frequencies were Pi*M 87%, Pi*S 10.4%, and Pi*Z 1.5%. Normal values of AAT (phenotype PiMM) established in our laboratory were 116-232 mg/dl (21-41 micromol/I) (mean +/- 2 SD). According to Hardy-Weinberger equation, expected frequency of PiZZ individuals in our area would be 225 per million. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of Z gen individuals observed in our study is one of the highest in the Iberian Peninsula, but lower than the frequency in northern Europe. According to these results, AAT deficiency (PiZZ) is not a rare condition in contrast with the small number of patients diagnosed. The gen frequency of the S variant is higher than that of the rest of Europe, and similar to others found in some Spanish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vidal
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital General Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona
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