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Elblehi SS, El Euony OI, El-Sayed YS. Apoptosis and astrogliosis perturbations and expression of regulatory inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity under ω3 fatty acids protection in rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 76:44-57. [PMID: 31647937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8) as follows: control, ω3 fatty acids (1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally), ACR-treated (50 mg/kg bwt/day IP) and ACR plus ω3 fatty acids group. Treatments were performed every other day for 21 consecutive days. ACR induced abnormal gait and elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), brain and spinal cord MDA levels and decreased brain and spinal cord GSH levels. Moreover, it reduced neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline levels) and increased AChE activity in brain tissues. Histopathologically, ACR caused various degenerative changes, necrosis and glial cell activation in the cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Likewise, the histomorphometric analysis was constant with ACR-induced neurotoxicity. The ACR induced axonal atrophy and myelin disruption and decreased g-ratio of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemically, strong positive expressions of apoptotic marker caspase-3 and astroglial GFAP in the examined tissues were detected. Contrariwise, concurrent administration of ω3 fatty acids partially attenuated ACR impacts, as it improved the gait performance, reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulate the levels of the neurotransmitters. It also ameliorated the intensity of ACR-induced histopathological and histomorphometric alterations within the examined nervous tissues. It could be concluded that ω3 fatty acids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials against ACR neurotoxicity via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of AChE activity and downregulation of caspase-3 and GFAP expressions in the nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Omnia I El Euony
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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Vasilev DS, Dubrovskaya NM, Nalivaeva NN, Zhuravin IA. Regulation of caspase-3 content and activity in rat cortex in norm and after prenatal hypoxia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lee B, Sur B, Cho SG, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effect of Beta-Asarone on Impairment of Spatial Working Memory and Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Rats Exposed to Chronic Corticosterone Administration. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:571-81. [PMID: 26535083 PMCID: PMC4624074 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
β-asarone (BAS) is an active component of Acori graminei rhizoma, a traditional medicine used clinically in treating dementia and chronic stress in Korea. However, the cognitive effects of BAS and its mechanism of action have remained elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BAS improved spatial cognitive impairment induced in rats following chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration. CORT administration (40 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) resulted in cognitive impairment in the avoidance conditioning test (AAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test that was reversed by BAS (200 mg/kg, i.p). Additionally, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis, the administration of BAS significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampus. Also, BAS administration significantly restored the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs in the hippocampus. Thus, BAS may be an effective therapeutic for learning and memory disturbances, and its neuroprotective effect was mediated, in part, by normalizing the CORT response, resulting in regulation of BDNF and CREB functions and anti-apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Sur
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Guk Cho
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
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Impact of Several Types of Stresses on Short-term Memory and Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Rats. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:114-20. [PMID: 24143289 PMCID: PMC3797890 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.3.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress has a deteriorating effect on hippocampal function. It also contributes to symptom exacerbation in many disease states, including overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. We investigated the effects of various types of stresses (restraint, noise, and cold) on short-term memory and apoptosis in relation with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression. METHODS Rats in the restraint stress group were restrained in a transparent Plexiglas cylinder for 60 minutes twice daily. Rats in the noise stress group were exposed to the 120 dB supersonic machine sound for 60 minutes twice daily. Rats in the cold stress group were placed in a cold chamber at 4℃ for 60 minutes twice daily. Each stress was applied for 10 days. A step-down avoidance test for short-term memory, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 expression, and western blot analysis for Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were conducted. RESULTS Latency time was decreased and CRF expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus were increased in all of the stress groups. The number of caspase-3-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased and the expressions of Bax and Bcl2 in the hippocampus were decreased in all of the stress groups. CONCLUSIONS All of the stress groups experienced short-term memory impairment induced by apoptosis in the hippocampus. The present results suggest the possibility that these stresses affecting the impairment of short-term memory may also induce functional lower urinary tract disorders.
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Yakovlev AA, Gulyaeva NV. Pleiotropic functions of brain proteinases: Methodological considerations and search for caspase substrates. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vasil’ev DS, Tumanova NL, Zhuravin IA. Study of distribution of the spine apparatus protein synaptopodin in cortical brain parts of rats exposed to hypoxia at different periods of embryogenesis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093010050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yakovlev AA, Lyzhin AA, Khaspekov LG, Gulyaeva NV. Use of crosslinkers for the identification of intracellular partners of caspase-3. NEUROCHEM J+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712410030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kudryashova IV, Stepanichev MY, Gulyaeva NV. Natural activation of caspase-3 is required for the development of operant behavior in postnatal ontogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 39:65-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-008-9097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kudryashova IV, Onufriev MV, Kudryashov IE, Gulyaeva NV. Caspase-3 activation in the hippocampus of rat pups is modulated by the effectiveness of escape behavior in response to footshock. NEUROCHEM J+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712408040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bravarenko NI, Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Ierusalimsky VN, Balaban PM, Gulyaeva NV. Caspase-like activity is essential for long-term synaptic plasticity in the terrestrial snail Helix. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:129-40. [PMID: 16420423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although caspase activity in the nervous system of mollusks has not been described before, we suggested that these cysteine proteases might be involved in the phenomena of neuroplasticity in mollusks. We directly measured caspase-3 (DEVDase) activity in the Helix lucorum central nervous system (CNS) using a fluorometrical approach and showed that the caspase-3-like immunoreactivity is present in the central neurons of Helix. Western blots revealed the presence of caspase-3-immunoreactive proteins with a molecular mass of 29 kDa. Staurosporin application, routinely used to induce apoptosis in mammalian neurons through the activating cleavage of caspase-3, did not result in the appearance of a smaller subunit corresponding to the active caspase in the snail. However, it did increase the enzyme activity in the snail CNS. This suggests differences in the regulation of caspase-3 activity in mammals and snails. In the snail CNS, the caspase homolog seems to possess an active center without activating cleavage typical for mammals. In electrophysiological experiments with identified snail neurons, selective blockade of the caspase-3 with the irreversible and cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-3 N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-Asp-(OMe)-fluoro-methylketone prevented development of the long-term stage of synaptic input sensitization, suggesting that caspase is necessary for normal synaptic plasticity in snails. The results of our study give the first direct evidence that the caspase-3-like activity is essential for long-term plasticity in the invertebrate neurons. This activity is presumably involved in removing inhibitory constraints on the storage of long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Bravarenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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Zarubenko II, Yakovlev AA, Stepanichev MY, Gulyaeva NV. Electroconvulsive Shock Induces Neuron Death in the Mouse Hippocampus: Correlation of Neurodegeneration with Convulsive Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 35:715-21. [PMID: 16433067 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-005-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between convulsive activity evoked by repeated electric shocks and structural changes in the hippocampus of Balb/C mice was studied. Brains were fixed two and seven days after the completion of electric shocks, and sections were stained by the Nissl method and immunohistochemically for apoptotic nuclei (the TUNEL method). In addition, the activity of caspase-3, the key enzyme of apoptosis, was measured in brain areas immediately after completion of electric shocks. The number of neurons decreased significantly in field CA1 and the dentate fascia, but not in hippocampal field CA3. The numbers of cells in CA1 and CA3 were inversely correlated with the intensity of convulsions. Signs of apoptotic neuron death were not seen, while caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus after electric shocks. These data support the notion that functional changes affect neurons after electric shock and deepen our understanding of this view, providing direct evidence that there are moderate (up to 10%) but significant levels of neuron death in defined areas of the hippocampus. Inverse correlations of the numbers of cells with the extent of convulsive activity suggest that the main cause of neuron death is convulsions evoked by electric shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Zarubenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Street, 117485 Moscow, Russia
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Stepanichev MY, Kudryashova IV, Yakovlev AA, Onufriev MV, Khaspekov LG, Lyzhin AA, Lazareva NA, Gulyaeva NV. Central administration of a caspase inhibitor impairs shuttle-box performance in rats. Neuroscience 2005; 136:579-91. [PMID: 16198488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that caspase-3-mediated mechanisms are essential for neuronal plasticity. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val- Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (z-DEVD-fmk), a caspase inhibitor with predominant specificity toward caspase-3, has been shown to block long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. Intrahippocampal infusion of a caspase-3 inhibitor to rats has been shown to significantly impair spatial memory in the water maze. The present work was designed to study whether i.c.v. administration of a caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk impairs learning in other tasks related to specific forms of memory in rats. The rats received bilateral injections of z-DEVD-fmk or N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-fluoromethyl ketone (z-FA-fmk) ("control" peptide) at a dose of 3 nmol. Administration of z-DEVD-fmk significantly decreased the number of avoidance reactions in some blocks of trials in the active avoidance (shuttle box) learning, while z-FA-fmk had no effect as compared with intact rats. However, only a slight effect of the caspase inhibitor across the session was found. z-DEVD-fmk impaired development of some essential components of the two-way active avoidance performance, such as escape reaction, conditioned fear reaction, and inter-trial crossings. Measurement of caspase-3 activity in rat brain regions involved in active avoidance learning revealed most expressed z-DEVD-fmk-related inhibition of the enzyme activity (about 30%) in the fronto-parietal cortex. A similar effect was close to significant in the hippocampus, but not in the other cerebral structures studied. In primary cultures of cerebellar neurons z-DEVD-fmk (2-50 microM) inhibited caspase-3 activity by 60-87%. We suggest that moderate inhibition of caspase-3 resulting from the central administration of z-DEVD-fmk to rats may impair active avoidance learning. Taking into account previous data on the involvement of neuronal caspase-3 in neuroplasticity phenomena we assume that the enzyme may be important for selected forms of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu Stepanichev
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerov Street 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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Gulyaeva NV, Kudryashov IE, Kudryashova IV. Caspase activity is essential for long-term potentiation. J Neurosci Res 2003; 73:853-64. [PMID: 12949912 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Slices from rat hippocampus were incubated with the caspase-3 inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp fluoromethylketone (Z-DEVD-FMK) or with the inactive peptide N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala fluoromethylketone (Z-Phe-Ala-FMK) for 30 min. The peptides changed neither input-output curves nor paired-pulse effects at 70-msec interpulse intervals, nor amplitudes of pop spikes in the CA1 region 1.0-6.9 hr after the incubation. Slices taken 1.0-1.4 hr after Z-DEVD-FMK or inactive peptide treatment demonstrated similar long-term potentiation (LTP) curves; however, LTP was suppressed significantly (P<0.001) 1.5-3.4 hr after Z-DEVD-FMK treatment when compared to the corresponding inactive peptide group. LTP magnitude correlated with time after Z-DEVD-FMK (r= -0.74; P<0.02) but did not depend on time after the inactive peptide treatment. After 3.5 hr, LTP was blocked completely. Z-DEVD-FMK did not have a significant effect on presynaptic function. The results are the first evidence that inhibition of caspase-3 significantly decreases or fully blocks LTP in the CA1 region and suggest that caspase-3 is essential for LTP. Candidate caspase-3 substrates that may be cleaved for LTP induction and maintenance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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