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Huo Y, Feng X, Niu M, Wang L, Xie Y, Wang L, Ha J, Cheng X, Gao Z, Sun Y. Therapeutic time windows of compounds against NMDA receptors signaling pathways for ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:3204-3221. [PMID: 34676594 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Much evidence has proved that excitotoxicity induced by excessive release of glutamate contributes largely to damage caused by ischemia. In view of the key role played by NMDA receptors in mediating excitotoxicity, compounds against NMDA receptors signaling pathways have become the most promising type of anti-stroke candidate compounds. However, the limited therapeutic time window for neuroprotection is a key factor preventing NMDA receptor-related compounds from showing efficacy in all clinical trials for ischemic stroke. In this perspective, the determination of therapeutic time windows of these kinds of compounds is useful in ensuring a therapeutic effect and accelerating clinical application. This mini-review discussed the therapeutic time windows of compounds against NMDA receptors signaling pathways, described related influence factors and the status of clinical studies. The purpose of this review is to look for compounds with wide therapeutic time windows and better clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiang Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Menghan Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jing Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang PF, Zhou Y, Fang H, Lin S, Wang YC, Liu Y, Xia J, Eslick GD, Yang QW. Treatment of acute cerebral ischemia using animal models: a meta-analysis. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:47-58. [PMID: 28123790 PMCID: PMC4936615 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous potential treatments assessed for acute cerebral ischemia using animal models. This study aimed to assess the effect of these treatments in terms of infarct size and neurobehavioral change. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine if any of these treatments provide a superior benefit so that they might be used on humans. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using several electronic databases for controlled animal studies using only nonsurgical interventions for acute cerebral ischemia. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS After an extensive literature search, 145 studies were included in the analysis. These studies included 1408 treated animals and 1362 control animals. Treatments that had the most significant effect on neurobehavioral scales included insulin, various antagonists, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ACEA1021, calmodulin antagonist DY-9760e, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist YM872, and antiviral agents. Treatments providing the greatest effect on infarct size included statins, sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist (fingolimod), alcohol, angiotensin, and leukotrienes. Treatments offering the greatest reduction in brain water content included various agonists, including sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist fingolimod, statins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Treatment groups with more than one study all had high heterogeneity (I2 > 80%), however, using meta-regression we determined several sources of heterogeneity including sample size of the treatment and control groups, the occlusion time, but not the year when the study was conducted. CONCLUSIONS Some treatments stand out when compared to others for acute cerebral ischemia in animals. Greater replication of treatment studies is required before any treatments are selected for future human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Histoembryology and Neurobiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Systematic Review Solutions, China
| | - Guy D Eslick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Habibi D, Nematollahi D, Asgari Z, Varmaghani F. Efficient synthesis of diethyltetrahydroquinoxalinediones. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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An unexpected oxidative decarboxylation reaction of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the synthesis of new dibenzyltetrahydroquinoxalinediones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Farr TD, Carswell HVO, Gallagher L, Condon B, Fagan AJ, Mullin J, Macrae IM. 17β-Estradiol treatment following permanent focal ischemia does not influence recovery of sensorimotor function. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:552-62. [PMID: 16759876 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapy to aid poststroke recovery is essential. The female hormone 17beta-estradiol has been shown to promote synaptogenesis; the purpose of this study was to attempt to harness these mechanisms to promote repair and recovery in the peri-infarct zone. Rats were ovariectomized, tested for sensorimotor function, and the middle cerebral artery permanently occluded (MCAO). Infarct volumes were calculated using MRI, and damage was equivalent in all animals prior to implantation of either 17beta-estradiol or placebo pellets. Animals were tested for functional recovery for 28 days and tissue processed for synaptic marker syntaxin immunohistochemistry. The stroke induced a significant behavioral deficit, which persisted out to 28 days, and was not significantly different between 17beta-estradiol and placebo treatment groups. There was no difference in syntaxin immunostaining between groups in either the peri-infarct cortex or in the dendritic CA1 reference region. In conclusion, 17beta-estradiol treatment, delivered poststroke, did not influence recovery of function or synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy D Farr
- 7TMRI Facility and Wellcome Surgical Institute, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, UK.
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Yamashita D, Jiang HY, Le Prell CG, Schacht J, Miller JM. Post-exposure treatment attenuates noise-induced hearing loss. Neuroscience 2005; 134:633-42. [PMID: 15961244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in sensory cell and neural death in the peripheral nervous system, including damage induced by noise trauma. Antioxidant administration prior to or concomitant with noise exposure can prevent auditory deficits, but the efficacy of a delayed treatment is not known. We have recently found continued reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species formation in the ear for 7-10 days following noise exposure and reasoned that antioxidant intervention during this period should also reduce noise-induced hearing loss. Guinea-pigs were subjected to 4 kHz octave band noise at 120 decibels sound- pressure-level (dB SPL) for 5 hours and received treatment with ROS and RNS scavengers (salicylate and trolox) beginning 3 days prior, 1 hour, 1, 3, or 5 days after noise exposure. Auditory thresholds were assessed by sound-evoked auditory brainstem response at 4, 8, and 16 kHz, before and 10 days after noise exposure. Hair cell damage was analyzed by quantitative histology, and free radical activity was determined immunohistochemically via 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine as markers of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species action. Delivered up to 3 days after noise exposure, salicylate and trolox significantly reduced auditory brainstem response deficits, reduced hair cell damage, and decreased reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species formation. Earlier drug treatment was more effective than later treatment. Our results detail a window of opportunity for rescue from noise trauma, and provide evidence for both morphological and functional protection by delayed pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yamashita
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA
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Abstract
Inasmuch as glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, strategies aimed at counteracting glutamate excitotoxicity, which is at least partially involved in many acute neurologic, chronic neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, are challenging. Blockade of the NMDA receptor was identified as one way of achieving selective antagonism and overcoming glutamate neurotoxicity, yet not without liabilities. Glycine site antagonism of the NMDA receptor in 1987 offered a significant advance in blocking this receptor because such drugs were shown to lack most of the side effects, such as memory impairment, ataxia, lack of motor coordination and psychotomimetic effects, which accompanied competitive and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. To date, much has been done to improve the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of compounds resulting in the synthesis of ACEA 1021. It is unclear, however, whether further chemical substitutions will lead to an improved compound. Many studies have been performed with ACEA 1021 and although there are much in vitro and in vivo data to support its neuroprotective effects and improved safety profile, there is very little published information regarding its clinical pharmacology. In order to properly evaluate the true potential for ACEA 1021 in acute and chronic CNS disorders additional longer term safety and efficacy data in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Petty
- CNS Pharmacology, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., JR2-303A, Bridgewater, NJ 08807-0800, USA.
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Macleod MR, O'Collins T, Howells DW, Donnan GA. Pooling of animal experimental data reveals influence of study design and publication bias. Stroke 2004; 35:1203-8. [PMID: 15060322 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000125719.25853.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extensive neuroprotective literature describing the efficacy of candidate drugs in focal ischemia has yet to lead to the development of effective stroke treatments. Ideally, the choice of drugs taken forward to clinical trial should be based on an unbiased assessment of all available data. Such an assessment might include not only the efficacy of a drug but also the in vivo characteristics and limits--in terms of time window, dose, species, and model of ischemia used--to that efficacy. To our knowledge, such assessments have not been made. Nicotinamide is a candidate neuroprotective drug with efficacy in experimental stroke, but the limits to and characteristics of that efficacy have not been fully described. METHODS Systematic review and modified meta-analysis of studies of experimental stroke describing the efficacy of nicotinamide. The search strategy ensured ascertainment of studies published in full and those published in abstract only. DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta-analysis was used to account for heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Nicotinamide improved outcome by 0.287 (95% confidence interval 0.227 to 0.347); it was more effective in temporary ischemia models, after intravenous administration, in animals without comorbidities, and in studies published in full rather than in abstract. Studies scoring highly on a quality measure gave more precise estimates of the global effect. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis provides an effective technique for the aggregation of data from experimental stroke studies. We propose new standards for reporting such studies and a systematic approach to aggregating data from the neuroprotective literature.
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