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Yelamanchi SD, Kumar M, Madugundu AK, Gopalakrishnan L, Dey G, Chavan S, Sathe G, Mathur PP, Gowda H, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK, Prasad TSK. Characterization of human pineal gland proteome. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:3622-3632. [PMID: 27714013 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland located at the center of the brain. It is known to regulate various physiological functions in the body through secretion of the neurohormone melatonin. Comprehensive characterization of the human pineal gland proteome has not been undertaken to date. We employed a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the proteome of the human pineal gland. A total of 5874 proteins were identified from the human pineal gland in this study. Of these, 5820 proteins were identified from the human pineal gland for the first time. Interestingly, 1136 proteins from the human pineal gland were found to contain a signal peptide domain, which indicates the secretory nature of these proteins. An unbiased global proteomic profile of this biomedically important organ should benefit molecular research to unravel the role of the pineal gland in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya D Yelamanchi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | | | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Sandip Chavan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India. and Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India. and YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India. and Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Susarla K Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India. and Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India and Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India. and YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575 018, India and Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 029, India
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Kim MH, Uehara S, Muroyama A, Hille B, Moriyama Y, Koh DS. Glutamate transporter-mediated glutamate secretion in the mammalian pineal gland. J Neurosci 2008; 28:10852-63. [PMID: 18945893 PMCID: PMC2596195 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0894-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate transporters are expressed throughout the CNS where their major role is to clear released glutamate from presynaptic terminals. Here, we report a novel function of the transporter in rat pinealocytes. This electrogenic transporter conducted inward current in response to L-glutamate and L- or D-aspartate and depolarized the membrane in patch-clamp experiments. Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that the transporter-mediated depolarization induced a significant Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The Ca2+ rise finally evoked glutamate exocytosis as detected by carbon-fiber amperometry and by HPLC. In pineal slices with densely packed pinealocytes, glutamate released from the cells effectively activated glutamate transporters in neighboring cells. The Ca2+ signal generated by KCl depolarization or acetylcholine propagated through several cell layers by virtue of the regenerative "glutamate-induced glutamate release." Therefore, we suggest that glutamate transporters mediate synchronized elevation of L-glutamate and thereby efficiently downregulate melatonin secretion via previously identified inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptors in the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mean-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, and
| | - Akiko Muroyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, and
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, and
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7290
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Simonneaux V, Ribelayga C. Generation of the melatonin endocrine message in mammals: a review of the complex regulation of melatonin synthesis by norepinephrine, peptides, and other pineal transmitters. Pharmacol Rev 2003; 55:325-95. [PMID: 12773631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.55.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, displays characteristic daily and seasonal patterns of secretion. These robust and predictable rhythms in circulating melatonin are strong synchronizers for the expression of numerous physiological processes in photoperiodic species. In mammals, the nighttime production of melatonin is mainly driven by the circadian clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which controls the release of norepinephrine from the dense pineal sympathetic afferents. The pivotal role of norepinephrine in the nocturnal stimulation of melatonin synthesis has been extensively dissected at the cellular and molecular levels. Besides the noradrenergic input, the presence of numerous other transmitters originating from various sources has been reported in the pineal gland. Many of these are neuropeptides and appear to contribute to the regulation of melatonin synthesis by modulating the effects of norepinephrine on pineal biochemistry. The aim of this review is firstly to update our knowledge of the cellular and molecular events underlying the noradrenergic control of melatonin synthesis; and secondly to gather together early and recent data on the effects of the nonadrenergic transmitters on modulation of melatonin synthesis. This information reveals the variety of inputs that can be integrated by the pineal gland; what elements are crucial to deliver the very precise timing information to the organism. This also clarifies the role of these various inputs in the seasonal variation of melatonin synthesis and their subsequent physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Simonneaux
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Rythmes, UMR 7518 CNRS/ULP, 12, rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Redecker P. Synaptic-like microvesicles in mammalian pinealocytes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1999; 191:201-55. [PMID: 10343394 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent deciphering of the protein composition of the synaptic vesicle membrane has led to the unexpected identification of a compartment of electron-lucent microvesicles in neuroendocrine cells which resemble neuronal synaptic vesicles in terms of molecular structure and function. These vesicles are generally referred to as synaptic-like microvesicles (SLMVs) and have been most intensively studied in pancreatic beta-cells, chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and pinealocytes of the pineal gland. This chapter focuses on the present knowledge of SLMVs as now well-established constituents of mammalian pinealocytes. I review the results of morphological, immunocytochemical, and biochemical studies that were important for the characterization of this novel population of secretory vesicles in the pineal organ. The emerging concept that SLMVs serve as a device for intercellular communication within the pineal gland is outlined, and unanswered questions such as those pertaining to the physiological function and regulation of pineal SLMVs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Redecker
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Takigawa Y, Homma H, Lee JA, Fukushima T, Santa T, Iwatsubo T, Imai K. D-aspartate uptake into cultured rat pinealocytes and the concomitant effect on L-aspartate levels and melatonin secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:641-7. [PMID: 9703979 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant amounts of D-aspartate (Asp) are found in mammalian tissues and D-Asp is presumed to play some significant, but as yet undefined physiological role. However, it is not known whether D-Asp is synthesized in mammals. In this study, we addressed this issue in cultured rat pinealocytes, parenchymal cells of the pineal gland, which contain significant amounts of D-Asp. Biosynthesis of D-Asp was found to be minimal to non-existent in cultured rat pinealocytes. We then investigated the mechanism of uptake of D-Asp into these cells and its consequent effect on cell function. D-Asp was efficiently taken up into cells, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the L-Asp levels in the cells and media decreased concomitantly with the uptake of D-Asp. This decrease was not due to D-Asp cytotoxicity, since the cellular levels of othernted. D-Serine and D-alanine were not taken up efficiently into the cells and the cellular levels of L-serine and L-alanine were unchanged. Also, immunocytochemical staining with anti-D-Asp antibody showed that D-Asp, which had been taken up into the cells, was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. In response to norepinephrine stimulation, pinealocytes, which had been pretreated with D-Asp released D-Asp as well as L-Asp. In these cells, norepinephrine-induced secretion of melatonin, a pineal hormone, was suppressed. The mechanism of this suppression is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takigawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Moriyama Y, Yamada H, Hayashi M, Oda T, Yamaguchi A. Identification of D-aspartate in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 1998; 248:57-60. [PMID: 9665663 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartate is now known to be present in mammalian neuronal and endocrine cells in vivo, and may play some role(s) in neurocrine and endocrine functions. However, origin of D-aspartate is unknown. Here, we report that free D-aspartate (108 pmoles/3 x 10(7) cells) is present in the cultured PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, as determined with immunohistochemical techniques as well as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a Pirkle-type chiral column. The amount of D-aspartate does not change with the passage. The culture medium does not contain D-aspartate. These results strongly suggest the presence of a de novo biosynthetic pathway for D-aspartate in the endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Moriyama
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan.
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