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Teng YN, Huang BH, Huang SY, Wu IT, Wu TS, Lee TE, Hung CC. Cinnamophilin overcomes cancer multi-drug resistance via allosterically modulating human P-glycoprotein on both drug binding sites and ATPase binding sites. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112379. [PMID: 34794239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux is a critical unresolved clinical concern. The present study analyzed the effect of cinnamophilin on P-gp inhibition and MDR reversion. The effect of cinnamophilin on P-gp was investigated through drug efflux assay, ATPase assay, MDR1 shift assay, and molecular docking. The cancer MDR-reversing ability and mechanisms were analyzed through cytotoxicity and combination index (CI), cell cycle, and apoptosis experiments. P-gp efflux function was significantly inhibited by cinnamophilin without influencing the drug's expression or conformation. Cinnamophilin uncompetitively inhibited the efflux of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 and exhibited a distinct binding behavior compared with verapamil, the P-gp standard inhibitor. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of cinnamophilin for doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 efflux was 12.47 and 11.59 μM, respectively. In regard to P-gp energy consumption, verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity was further enhanced by cinnamophilin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 μM. In terms of MDR reversion, cinnamophilin demonstrated synergistic cytotoxic effects when combined with docetaxel, vincristine, or paclitaxel. The CI was < 0.7 in all experimental combination treatments. The present study showed that cinnamophilin possesses P-gp-modulating effects and cancer MDR resensitizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Teng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, 8 Yida Road, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Bo-Hau Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, No. 199, Section1, Xinglong Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu Country 302056, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsui-Er Lee
- Office of Physical Education, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100, Section 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406040, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC.
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Molecular Targets of Natural Products for Chondroprotection in Destructive Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144931. [PMID: 32668590 PMCID: PMC7404046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis that occurs in an aged population. It affects any joints in the body and degenerates the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. Despite the pathophysiology of OA being different, cartilage resorption is still a symbol of osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important proteolytic enzymes that degrade extra-cellular matrix proteins (ECM) in the body. MMPs contribute to the turnover of cartilage and its break down; their levels have increased in the joint tissues of OA patients. Application of chondroprotective drugs neutralize the activities of MMPs. Natural products derived from herbs and plants developed as traditional medicine have been paid attention to, due to their potential biological effects. The therapeutic value of natural products in OA has increased in reputation due to their clinical impact and insignificant side effects. Several MMPs inhibitor have been used as therapeutic drugs, for a long time. Recently, different types of compounds were reviewed for their biological activities. In this review, we summarize numerous natural products for the development of MMPs inhibitors in arthritic diseases and describe the major signaling targets that were involved for the treatments of these destructive joint diseases.
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Tai SH, Kuo PC, Lam SH, Huang SC, Kuo YZ, Hung HY, Liou MJ, Shieh PC, Lee EJ, Wu TS. Chemical constituents from the stems of Machilus philippinensis Merr. and the neuroprotective activity of cinnamophilin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21616-21625. [PMID: 35518857 PMCID: PMC9066449 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Machilus genus (Lauraceae) had been extensively utilized in folk medicine due to its broad range of bioactivities. In the present study, a series of chromatographic separations of the methanol extract of stems of M. philippinensis led to the identification of thirty eight compounds totally. Among these, biscinnamophilin (1), machilupins A-C (2-4), machilutone A (5), and machilusoxide A (6) were new compounds reported for the first time. In addition, 5 was characterized with a unprecedented carbon skeleton. Other known compounds, including the major compounds cinnamophilin (7) and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (8), are identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with reported values. One of the reported compounds, cinnamophilin A (10), should be revised as dehydroguaiaretic acid (9) after careful comparison of all the 1H and 13C NMR data. Moreover, the neuroprotective activity of cinnamophilin (7) was examined in a primary cortical neuron culture and the results indicated that 7 was effective against glutamate induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Sio Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Chyn Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan 717 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhuan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Meei-Jen Liou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 433 Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University Pingtung 907 Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University Pingtung 907 Taiwan
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Lu YC, Hsiao G, Lin KH, Hsieh MS, Jayakumar T, Wu TS, Sheu JR. Cinnamophilin Isolated from Cinnamomum philippinense
Protects against Collagen Degradation in Human Chondrocytes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:892-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei
- Department of Leisure Sports and Health Management, College of Humanities and Sciences; St. John's University; Tamsui Taipei Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shium Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; En Chu Kong Hospital; Sanshia Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Sameri MJ, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Mansouri SMT. Motor disorders and impaired electrical power of pallidal EEG improved by gallic acid in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:1109-1116. [PMID: 22335050 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.1109.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of Gallic acid on movement disorders and pallidal electrical power in animal model of Parkinson's Disease (PD). PD is clinically characterized by development of motor disturbances, such as bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity and a later loss ofpostural reflexes. Oxidative stress is a hallmark factor where the oxidation of dopamine generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and an unbalanced production ROS induces neuronal damage, therefor leading the neuronal death. Gallic Acid (GA) and its derivatives are present in the plant kingdom and acts as a potent antioxidant. Wistar male rats divided into seven groups randomly with 8 in each. Animals in all groups except control received 8 microg/2 microL 6-hydroxydopamine dissolved in normal saline contains 0.01% ascorbate or vehicle in right Medial Forbrain Bundle (MFB) and a bipolar wire electrode was implanted in the left globus pallidus nucleus of all animals under stereotaxic surgery. Two weeks later PD was approved by contralateral rotation signs induced by apomorphine and then movements and electrical power of pallidal were evaluated. Motor functions and pallidal electrical power were impaired and GA could improve motor dysfunctions and gamma wave power in parkinsonian rats' significantly with higher dose of GA (200 mg kg(-1)). Present result showed that GA may act as a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger to reverse motor disorders and pallidal gamma wave power after 6-OHDA neurotoxicity in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jafar Sameri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cinnamophilin offers prolonged neuroprotection against gray and white matter damage and improves functional and electrophysiological outcomes after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1130-7. [PMID: 21283002 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31820a9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that cinnamophilin ([8R, 8'S]-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7-oxo-8, 8'-neolignan) exhibited potent antioxidant, radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory actions and reduced acute ischemic brain damage, even when it was given up to 6 hrs postinsult. Here, we characterized the long-lasting neuroprotection of cinnamophilin against gray and white matter damage and its beneficial effects on electrophysiological and functional outcomes in a model of stroke. DESIGN Prospective laboratory animal study. SETTING Research laboratory in a university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (240-290 g). INTERVENTIONS Under controlled conditions of normoxia, normocarbia, and normothermia, spontaneously breathing, halothane-anesthetized (1.0-1.5%) rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 mins. Cinnamophilin (80 mg/kg) or vehicle was given intravenously at reperfusion onset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Physiological parameters, including arterial blood gases and cortical blood perfusion, somatosensory-evoked potentials, and neurobehavioral outcomes, were serially examined. Animals were euthanized at 7 days or 21 days postinsult. Gray matter and white matter (axonal and myelin) damage were then evaluated by quantitative histopathology and immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated component-H neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, respectively. After the follow-up period of 7 and 21 days, our results showed that cinnamophilin significantly decreased gray matter damage by 31.6% and 34.9% (p < .05, respectively) without notable adverse effects. Additionally, cinnamophilin effectively reduced axonal and myelin damage by 46.3-68.6% (p < .05) and 25.2-28.1% (p < .05), respectively. Furthermore, cinnamophilin not only improved the ipsilateral field potentials (p < .05, respectively), but also reduced the severity of contralateral electrophysiological diaschisis (p < .05). Consequently, cinnamophilin improved sensorimotor outcomes up to 21 days postinsult (p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Administration with cinnamophilin provides long-lasting neuroprotection against gray and white matter damage and improves functional and electrophysiological outcomes after ischemic stroke. The results suggest a need for further studies to characterize the potential of cinnamophilin in the field of ischemic stroke.
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Experimental studies on ischemic neuroprotection: Criteria for translational significance*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1230-1. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318211f91d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee EJ, Chen HY, Hung YC, Chen TY, Lee MY, Yu SC, Chen YH, Chuang IC, Wu TS. Therapeutic window for cinnamophilin following oxygen-glucose deprivation and transient focal cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2009; 217:74-83. [PMID: 19416670 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamophilin (CINN, (8R, 8'S)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7-oxo-8, 8'-neolignan) protects against ischemic stroke in mice. While some anti-oxidative effects of CINN have been characterized, its therapeutic window and molecular basis for neuroprotection remain unclear. We evaluated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and therapeutic window of CINN against brain ischemia using a panel of in vitro and in vivo assays. Data from lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging assays showed that CINN was a robust antioxidant and radical scavenger. CINN effectively inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nitrite/nitrate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells (P<0.05, respectively). Relative to controls, CINN, administrated at 80 mg/kg, 2, 4, or 6 h postinsult, but not 12 h, significantly reduced brain infarction by 34-43% (P<0.05) and improved neurobehavioral outcome (P<0.05) following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. CINN (10-30 microM) also significantly reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal damage (P<0.05) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices, even when it was administrated 2, 4, or 6 h postinsult. Together, CINN protects against ischemic brain damage with a therapeutic window up to 6 h in vivo and in vitro, which may, at least in part, be attributed by its direct antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Jian Lee
- Department of Surgery, Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chang Y, Hsieh CY, Peng ZA, Yen TL, Hsiao G, Chou DS, Chen CM, Sheu JR. Neuroprotective mechanisms of puerarin in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain infarction in rats. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:9. [PMID: 19272172 PMCID: PMC2653511 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a major isoflavonoid derived from the Chinese medical herb Radix puerariae (kudzu root), has been reported to be useful in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we examined the detailed mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of puerarin on inflammatory and apoptotic responses induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Treatment of puerarin (25 and 50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) 10 min before MCAO dose-dependently attenuated focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Administration of puerarin at 50 mg/kg, showed marked reduction in infarct size compared with that of control rats. MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia was associated with increases in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and active caspase-3 protein expressions as well as the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in ischemic regions. These expressions were markedly inhibited by the treatment of puerarin (50 mg/kg). In addition, puerarin (10~50 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited respiratory bursts in human neutrophils stimulated by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. On the other hand, puerarin (20~500 μM) did not significantly inhibit the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance reaction in rat brain homogenates. An electron spin resonance (ESR) method was conducted on the scavenging activity of puerarin on the free radicals formed. Puerarin (200 and 500 μM) did not reduce the ESR signal intensity of hydroxyl radical formation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that puerarin is a potent neuroprotective agent on MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. This effect may be mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of both HIF-1α and TNF-α activation, followed by the inhibition of inflammatory responses (i.e., iNOS expression), apoptosis formation (active caspase-3), and neutrophil activation, resulting in a reduction in the infarct volume in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Thus, puerarin treatment may represent a novel approach to lowering the risk of or improving function in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Electromechanical characterization of cinnamophilin, a natural thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist with anti-arrhythmic activity, in guinea-pig heart. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:110-23. [PMID: 17965733 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cinnamophilin, a thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonist, has been identified as a prominent anti-arrhythmic agent in rat heart. This study aimed to determine its electromechanical and anti-arrhythmic effects in guinea-pig hearts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Microelectrodes were used to study action potentials in ventricular papillary muscles. Fluo-3 fluorimetric ratio and whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were used to record calcium transients and membrane currents in single ventricular myocytes, respectively. Intracardiac electrocardiograms were obtained and the anti-arrhythmic efficacy was determined from isolated perfused hearts. KEY RESULTS In papillary muscles, cinnamophilin decreased the maximal rate of upstroke (V(max)) and duration of action potential, and reduced the contractile force. In single ventricular myocytes, cinnamophilin reduced Ca(2+) transient amplitude. Cinnamophilin decreased the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L))(IC(50)=7.5 microM) with use-dependency, induced a negative shift of the voltage-dependent inactivation and retarded recovery from inactivation. Cinnamophilin also decreased the Na(+) current (I(Na)) (IC(50)=2.7 microM) and to a lesser extent, the delayed outward (I(K)), inward rectifier (I(K1)), and ATP-sensitive (I(K,ATP)) K(+) currents. In isolated perfused hearts, cinnamophilin prolonged the AV nodal conduction interval and Wenckebach cycle length and the refractory periods of the AV node, His-Purkinje system and ventricle, while shortening the ventricular repolarization time. Additionally, cinnamophilin reduced the occurrence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the promising anti-arrhythmic effect and the changes in the electromechanical function induced by cinnamophilin in guinea-pig heart can be chiefly accounted for by inhibition of I(Ca,L) and I(Na).
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Shen KP, Liou SF, Hsieh SL, Chen IJ, Wu BN. Eugenosedin-A amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of p38 MAPK, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59:879-89. [PMID: 17637181 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the protective effects of eugenosedin-A on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inflammatory nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways in a rat model of endotoxin shock. Rats were pretreated with eugenosedin-A, trazodone, yohimbine (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.), aminoguanidine or ascorbic acid (15 mg kg(-1), i.v.) 30 min before endotoxin challenge. Endotoxaemia was induced by a single i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg kg(-1)). In rats not treated with eugenosedin-A, LPS increased plasma concentrations of NO and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and levels of p38 MAPK, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 proteins in the liver, lung, aorta and lymphocytes. In the pre-treated rats, eugenosedin-A not only inhibited the LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) levels but also attenuated the LPS-induced increase in p38 MAPK and iNOS levels in the liver, aorta and lymphocytes. Eugenosedin-A also reduced LPS-induced COX-2 proteins in the aorta and lymphocytes. Likewise, aminoguanidine, ascorbic acid, yohimbine and trazodone were also found to decrease NO and PGE(2) concentrations after endotoxin challenge. While aminoguanidine and ascorbic acid also attenuated the LPS-induced increase in p38 MAPK, iNOS and COX-2 proteins in the aorta and lymphocytes, trazodone and yohimbine inhibited only the increase in p38 MAPK, iNOS and COX-2 proteins in lymphocytes. Finally, eugenosedin-A (10(-10)-10(-8) M) significantly inhibited the biphasic response induced by hydrogen peroxide (10(-6)-3 x 10(-5) M) in rat denudated aorta. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that eugenosedin-A, as well as ascorbic acid, can attenuate free-radical-mediated aortic contraction and relaxation. It may therefore be able to reduce the damage caused by septic shock by inhibiting formation of p38 MAPK, iNOS, COX-2 and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Hsiao G, Lee JJ, Chen YC, Lin JH, Shen MY, Lin KH, Chou DS, Sheu JR. Neuroprotective effects of PMC, a potent α-tocopherol derivative, in brain ischemia-reperfusion: Reduced neutrophil activation and anti-oxidant actions. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:682-93. [PMID: 17157267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethyl-6-hydroxychromane (PMC) is the most potent analogue of alpha-tocopherol for anti-oxidation. It is more hydrophilic than other alpha-tocopherol derivatives and has potent free radical-scavenging activity. In the present study, PMC significantly attenuated middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Administration of PMC at 20mg/kg, showed marked reductions in infarct size compared with that of control rats. MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia was associated with increases in HIF-1alpha, active caspase-3, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine expressions in ischemic regions. These expressions were markedly inhibited by treatment with PMC (20mg/kg). In addition, PMC (4-12 microM) inhibited respiratory bursts in human neutrophils stimulated by fMLP (800 nM) and PMA (320 nM). Furthermore, PMC (6, 12, and 60 microM) also significantly inhibited neutrophil migration stimulated by leukotriene B(4) (160 nM). An electron spin resonance (ESR) method was conducted on the scavenging activity of PMC on the free radicals formed. PMC (12 microM) greatly reduced the ESR signal intensities of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and methyl radical formation. In conclusion, we demonstrate a potent neuroprotective effect of PMC on MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. This effect may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of free radical formation, followed by inhibition of HIF-1alpha activation, apoptosis formation (active caspase-3), neutrophil activation, and inflammatory responses (i.e., iNOS and nitrotyrosine expressions), resulting in a reduction in the infarct volume in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Thus, PMC treatment may represent a novel approach to lowering the risk or improving function in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen SY, Hsiao G, Hwang HR, Cheng PY, Lee YM. Tetramethylpyrazine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:731-40. [PMID: 16847723 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-006-9098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxygen free radicals and activation of neutrophils are strongly implicated as pathophysiological mechanisms mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been reported to play a protective role in oxidative tissue injuries. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an active ingredient of Chinese medicinal herb Ligusticum wallichii Franchat, was evaluated in an open-chest anesthetized rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pretreatment with TMP (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) before left coronary artery occlusion significantly suppressed the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation. After 45 min of ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion, TMP (5 and 10 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in infarct size and induced HO-1 expression in ischemic myocardium. The HO inhibitor ZnPP (50 microg/rat) markedly reversed the anti-infarct action of TMP. Superoxide anion production in ischemic myocardium after 10 min reperfusion was inhibited by TMP. Furthermore, TMP (200 and 500 microM) significantly suppressed fMLP (800 nM)-activated human neutrophil migration and respiratory burst. In conclusion, TMP suppresses ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and reduces the infarct size resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. This cardioprotective activity of TMP may be associated with its antioxidant activity via induction of HO-1 and with its capacity for neutrophil inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Chen
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhou JF, Xiao WQ, Zheng YC, Dong J, Zhang SM. Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Asian J Androl 2006; 8:317-23. [PMID: 16625281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether chronic bacterial prostatitis might increase oxidative stress and oxidative damage in chronic bacterial prostatitis patients (CBPP), and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Enrolled in a case-control study were 70 randomly sampled CBPP and 70 randomly sampled healthy adult volunteers (HAV), on whom plasma nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) level, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Compared with the HAV group, values of plasma NO and erythrocyte MDA in the CBPP group were significantly increased (P < 0.001); those of plasma VC, VE and beta-CAR as well as erythrocyte SOD, CAT and GPX activities in the CBPP group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Findings from partial correlation for the 70 CBPP showed that with prolonged course of disease, values of NO and MDA were gradually increased (P < 0.001), and those of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were gradually decreased (P < 0.05-0.001). The findings from stepwise regression for the 70 CBPP suggested that the model was Y = -13.2077 + 0.1894MDA + 0.0415NO - 0.1999GPX, F = 18.2047, P < 0.001, r = 0.6729, P < 0.001. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that there exist increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage induced by chronic bacterial prostatitis in the patients, and such phenomenon was closely related to the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory for Free Radical Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Abstract
Recent in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies suggest that dietary lignans may be chemopreventive, potentially through anti-estrogenic, anti-angiogenic, pro- apoptotic, and anti-oxidant mechanisms. In this article, we review lignan food sources and metabolism, proposed anti-carcinogenic mechanisms, and the evidence for a role of lignans in breast, colon, and prostate cancer prevention from animal and epidemiologic literature. Although a number of in vitro and animal studies support a role for lignan-rich foods and purified lignans in the modulation of cancer events of the breast, prostate, and colon, epidemiological studies, sparse and often retrospective in nature, offer inconsistent findings. The most support for a role of lignans in cancer is observed for premenopausal breast cancer. Additional epidemiological studies that use a prospective design and well-developed food databases and questionnaires are needed to adequately evaluate the role of lignans in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Webb
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lee EJ, Chen HY, Lee MY, Chen TY, Hsu YS, Hu YL, Chang GL, Wu TS. Cinnamophilin reduces oxidative damage and protects against transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:495-510. [PMID: 16043021 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2005] [Revised: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute neuroprotective effects of cinnamophilin (CINN; (8R, 8'S)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7-oxo-8, 8'-neolignan), a novel antioxidant and free radical scavenger, were studied in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. CINN was administered intraperitoneally either 15 min before (pretreatment) or 2 h after the onset of MCA occlusion (postischemic treatment). Relative to vehicle-treated controls, animals pretreated with CINN, at 20-80 mg/kg, had significant reductions in brain infarction by 33-46% and improvements in neurobehavioral outcome. Postischemic administration with CINN (80 mg/kg) also significantly reduced brain infarction by 43% and ameliorated neurobehavioral deficits. Additionally, CINN administration significantly attenuated in situ accumulation of superoxide anions (O2-) in the boundary zones of infarct at 4 h after reperfusion. Consequently, CINN-treated animals exhibited significantly decreased levels of oxidative damage, as assessed by immunopositive reactions for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and the resultant inflammatory reactions at 24 h post-insult. It is concluded that CINN effectively reduced brain infarction and improved neurobehavioral outcome following a short-term recovery period after severe transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. The finding of a decreased extent of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage observed with CINN treatment highlights that its antioxidant and radical scavenging ability is contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kim MJ, Shin KS, Chung YB, Jung KW, Cha CI, Shin DH. Immunohistochemical study of p47Phox and gp91Phox distributions in rat brain. Brain Res 2005; 1040:178-86. [PMID: 15804439 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is multi-component enzyme, which comprises the cytosolic proteins p40Phox, p47Phox, and p67Phox and the two membrane proteins, gp91Phox and p22Phox, and which is well characterized in phagocytic cells. NADPH oxidase is a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and recent studies indicate that free radicals and ROS might be causative factors of several brain degenerative diseases and dysfunctions. However, though previous studies have shown the presence of NADPH oxidase subunits in cell culture and mouse brain, they have not provided detailed high power resolution data. Therefore, we investigated the distributions of the p47Phox and gp91Phox subunits in rat brain using immunohistochemical approach. Cortex, hippocampus, and Purkinje cells of cerebellum were prominently stained by p47Phox and gp91Phox antibodies. As compared with the distributions of p47Phox, gp91Phox in mouse, some differences in the rat brain were observed in the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, reticular nucleus, and basal ganglia. Additionally, at the cellular level, most p47Phox immunoreactivity was largely confined to cell bodies and proximal portions of the dendritic tree. Taken together, the widespread observed distributions of p47Phox and gp91Phox subunits indicate that they are probably needed to maintain normal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cheju National University College of Medicine, Ara 1 Dong, Jeju, Jeju-do 690-756, South Korea
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Çoban T, Konuklugil B. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Linum arboreum. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2005; 43:370-372. [PMID: 28925844 DOI: 10.1080/13880200590951847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The methanol and water extracts of Linum arboreum.. aerial parts were screened for free radical scavenging activity. The free radical scavenging activity was determined spectrophotometrically on the basis of inhibition of cytochrome c reduction and the ability to bleach the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The methanol extracts of Linum arboreum. were shown to have potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belma Konuklugil
- b Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey
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Hsiao G, Shen MY, Chang WC, Cheng YW, Pan SL, Kuo YH, Chen TF, Sheu JR. A novel antioxidant, octyl caffeate, suppression of LPS/IFN-gamma-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1383-92. [PMID: 12694879 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of a novel potent antioxidant, octyl caffeate, on the induction of iNOS expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cultured primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) in vitro and LPS-induced hypotension in vivo. Octyl caffeate (0.1-1.0 microM) exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, octyl caffeate (20, 50, and 100 microM) concentration-dependently diminished the initial rate of superoxide-induced NBT reduction and the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase. It also concentration-dependently (1-50 microM) inhibited the NO production, iNOS protein and messenger RNA expressions upon stimulation by LPS (100 microg/mL)/IFN-gamma (100U/mL) in RASMCs. In addition, we found that octyl caffeate did not significantly affect IkappaBalpha degradation stimulated by LPS/IFN-gamma in RASMCs. On the other hand, octyl caffeate (10 and 50 microM) significantly suppressed activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Moreover, octyl caffeate (10mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited the fall in mean arterial pressure stimulated by LPS (7.5mg/kg) in rats. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a novel potent antioxidant, octyl caffeate, significantly ameliorates circulatory failure of endotoxemia in vivo by a mechanism involving suppression of iNOS expression through inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in RASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing Street, Taiwan, ROC
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