1
|
Kalník M, Gabko P, Kóňa J, Šesták S, Moncoľ J, Bella M. (5S)-5-Benzylswainsonines as potent and selective inhibitors of Golgi α-mannosidase II: synthesis, enzyme evaluation and molecular modelling. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107578. [PMID: 38955002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics based on Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII) inhibition is considerably impeded by an undesired co-inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase leading to severe side-effects. In this contribution, we describe a fully stereoselective synthesis of (5S)-5-[4-(halo)benzyl]swainsonines as highly potent and selective inhibitors of GMII. The synthesis starts from a previously reported aldehyde readily available from l-ribose, and the key features include an intramolecular reductive amination with substrate-controlled stereoselectivity and a late-stage derivatisation of the benzyl group via ipso-substitution. These novel swainsonine analogues were found to be nanomolar inhibitors of the Golgi-type α-mannosidase AMAN-2 (Ki = 23-75 nM) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index = 205-870) over the lysosomal-type Jack bean α-mannosidase. Finally, molecular docking and pKa calculations were performed to provide more insight into the structure of the inhibitor:enzyme complexes, and a pair interaction energy analysis (FMO-PIEDA) was carried out to rationalise the observed potency and selectivity of the inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kalník
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Gabko
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; Medical Vision, Civic Research Association, Záhradnícka 4837/55, SK-82108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dingare C, Cao D, Yang JJ, Sozen B, Steventon B. Mannose controls mesoderm specification and symmetry breaking in mouse gastruloids. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1523-1537.e6. [PMID: 38636516 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Patterning and growth are fundamental features of embryonic development that must be tightly coordinated. To understand how metabolism impacts early mesoderm development, we used mouse embryonic stem-cell-derived gastruloids, that co-expressed glucose transporters with the mesodermal marker T/Bra. We found that the glucose mimic, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), blocked T/Bra expression and abolished axial elongation in gastruloids. However, glucose removal did not phenocopy 2-DG treatment despite a decline in glycolytic intermediates. As 2-DG can also act as a competitive inhibitor of mannose in protein glycosylation, we added mannose together with 2-DG and found that it could rescue the mesoderm specification both in vivo and in vitro. We further showed that blocking production and intracellular recycling of mannose abrogated mesoderm specification. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that mannose reversed glycosylation of the Wnt pathway regulator, secreted frizzled receptor Frzb. Our study showed how mannose controls mesoderm specification in mouse gastruloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Dingare
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Dominica Cao
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenny Jingni Yang
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Berna Sozen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Steventon
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Tan P, Wang H, Wang J, Zhang C, Lu H, Zhao B. Swainsonine inhibits autophagic degradation and causes cytotoxicity by reducing CTSD O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110629. [PMID: 37442287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Swainsonine (SW) is the primary toxin in locoweed, a poisonous plant. SW can cause animal poisoning, affect the quality and safety of meat products and threaten human health, but the mechanism of its toxicity is little defined. Here, we identified 159 differentially expressed proteins, many of which are involved in autophagy and glycosylation modification processes, using proteomics sequencing analysis. O-linked-N-acetylglucosamylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a glycosylation modification widely involved in various biological processes. Our results show that SW toxicity is related to O-GlcNAcylation. In addition, increased O-GlcNAcylation with the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor TMG promoted autophagy, while decreased O-GlcNAcylation with the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI inhibited autophagy. Further analysis by Immunoprecipitation (IP) showed that SW could change the O-GlcNAcylation of Cathepsin D (CTSD), reducing the expression of mature CTSD (m-CTSD). In summary, these findings suggest that SW inhibits the O-GlcNAcylation of CTSD, affecting its maturation and leading to the impairment of lysosome function. Consequently, it inhibits autophagy degradation, and causes cytotoxicity, providing a new theoretical basis for SW toxicological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Ave, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Panpan Tan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Ave, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jicang Wang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Ave, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Ave, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramos-Martínez I, Ramos-Martínez E, Cerbón M, Pérez-Torres A, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Martínez-Cruz M, Pérez-Santiago AD, Sánchez-Medina MA, García-Montalvo IA, Zenteno E, Matias-Cervantes CA, Ojeda-Meixueiro V, Pérez-Campos E. The Role of B Cell and T Cell Glycosylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010863. [PMID: 36614306 PMCID: PMC9820943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes”—Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bieberich E. Synthesis, Processing, and Function of N-Glycans in N-Glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:65-93. [PMID: 36255672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Many membrane-resident and secreted proteins, including growth factors and their receptors are N-glycosylated. The initial N-glycan structure is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a branched structure on a lipid anchor (dolicholpyrophosphate) and then co-translationally, "en bloc" transferred and linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine within a specific N-glycosylation acceptor sequence of the nascent recipient protein. In the ER and then the Golgi apparatus, the N-linked glycan structure is modified by hydrolytic removal of sugar residues ("trimming") followed by re-glycosylation with additional sugar residues ("processing") such as galactose, fucose or sialic acid to form complex N-glycoproteins. While the sequence of the reactions leading to biosynthesis, "en bloc" transfer and processing of N-glycans is well investigated, it is still not completely understood how N-glycans affect the biological fate and function of N-glycoproteins. This review will discuss the biology of N-glycoprotein synthesis, processing and function with specific reference to the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune and nervous system, as well as infectious diseases such as Covid-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kóňa J, Šesták S, Wilson IBH, Poláková M. 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-D- and L-lyxitol-based inhibitors bind to Golgi α-mannosidase II in different protonation forms. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8932-8943. [PMID: 36322142 PMCID: PMC7614232 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective inhibitors of Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII, E.C.3.2.1.114) with minimal off-target effects on phylogenetically-related lysosomal α-mannosidase (LMan, E.C.3.2.1.24) is a complex task due to the complicated structural and chemical properties of their active sites. The pKa values (and also protonation forms in some cases) of several ionizable amino acids, such as Asp, Glu, His or Arg of enzymes, can be changed upon the binding of the inhibitor. Moreover, GMII and LMan work under different pH conditions. The pKa calculations on large enzyme-inhibitor complexes and FMO-PIEDA energy decomposition analysis were performed on the structures of selected inhibitors obtained from docking and hybrid QM/MM calculations. Based on the calculations, the roles of the amino group incorporated in the ring of the imino-D-lyxitol inhibitors and some ionizable amino acids of Golgi-type (Asp270-Asp340-Asp341 of Drosophila melanogaster α-mannosidase dGMII) and lysosomal-type enzymes (His209-Asp267-Asp268 of Canavalia ensiformis α-mannosidase, JBMan) were explained in connection with the observed inhibitory properties. The pyrrolidine ring of the imino-D-lyxitols prefers at the active site of dGMII the neutral form while in JBMan the protonated form, whereas that of imino-L-lyxitols prefers the protonation form in both enzymes. The calculations indicate that the binding mechanism of inhibitors to the active-site of α-mannosidases is dependent on the inhibitor structure and could be used to design new selective inhibitors of GMII. A series of novel synthetic N-substituted imino-D-lyxitols were evaluated with four enzymes from the glycoside hydrolase GH38 family (two of Golgi-type, Drosophila melanogaster GMIIb and Caenorhabditis elegans AMAN-2, and two of lysosomal-type, Drosophila melanogaster LManII and Canavalia ensiformis JBMan, enzymes). The most potent structures [N-9-amidinononyl and N-2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl derivatives] inhibited GMIIb (Ki = 40 nM) and AMAN-2 (Ki = 150 nM) with a weak selectivity index (SI) toward Golgi-type enzymes of IC50(LManII)/IC50(GMIIb) = 35 or IC50(JBMan)/IC50(AMAN-2) = 86. On the other hand, weaker micromolar inhibitors, such as N-2-naphthylmethyl or 4-iodobenzyl derivatives [IC50(GMIIb) = 2.4 μM and IC50 (AMAN-2) = 7.6 μM], showed a significant SI in the range from 111 to 812.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Medical Vision, Civic Research Association, Záhradnícka 4837/55, 82108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahman M, Ramirez‐Suarez NJ, Diaz‐Balzac CA, Bülow HE. Specific N-glycans regulate an extracellular adhesion complex during somatosensory dendrite patterning. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54163. [PMID: 35586945 PMCID: PMC9253746 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are molecularly diverse sugars borne by over 70% of proteins transiting the secretory pathway and have been implicated in protein folding, stability, and localization. Mutations in genes important for N-glycosylation result in congenital disorders of glycosylation that are often associated with intellectual disability. Here, we show that structurally distinct N-glycans regulate an extracellular protein complex involved in the patterning of somatosensory dendrites in Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, aman-2/Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, a conserved key enzyme in the biosynthesis of specific N-glycans, regulates the activity of the Menorin adhesion complex without obviously affecting the protein stability and localization of its components. AMAN-2 functions cell-autonomously to allow for decoration of the neuronal transmembrane receptor DMA-1/LRR-TM with the correct set of high-mannose/hybrid/paucimannose N-glycans. Moreover, distinct types of N-glycans on specific N-glycosylation sites regulate DMA-1/LRR-TM receptor function, which, together with three other extracellular proteins, forms the Menorin adhesion complex. In summary, specific N-glycan structures regulate dendrite patterning by coordinating the activity of an extracellular adhesion complex, suggesting that the molecular diversity of N-glycans can contribute to developmental specificity in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maisha Rahman
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Nelson J Ramirez‐Suarez
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Present address:
Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Carlos A Diaz‐Balzac
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Present address:
University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Hannes E Bülow
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sousa CEA, Salgueiro DAL, Alves MJ. Concise Synthesis of (S)-7-Hydroxy-5-aza-8a-epi-d-swainsonine from a d-Erythrose Derivative. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1768-2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA five-step synthesis of (S)-7-hydroxy-5-aza-8a-epi-d-swainsonine [(3S,4S,4aS,5S,6R)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3,4,5,6-tetraol] was accessed in good overall yield from readily available d-erythrosyl benzylidene acetal buta-1,3-diene. The key step of the reaction sequence is a full stereoselective Diels–Alder cycloaddition between the diene and dienophile: diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) or di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD). The cycloadducts were further transformed into the title 5-aza-indolizidine. Optimized procedures were obtained for the synthesis of intermediates and products.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang XH, Nichols JG, De Hoyos CL, Sun H, Zhang L, Crooke ST. Golgi-58K can re-localize to late endosomes upon cellular uptake of PS-ASOs and facilitates endosomal release of ASOs. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8277-8293. [PMID: 34244781 PMCID: PMC8373082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs can trigger RNase H1 cleavage of cellular target RNAs to modulate gene expression. Internalized PS-ASOs must be released from membraned endosomal organelles, a rate limiting step that is not well understood. Recently we found that M6PR transport between Golgi and late endosomes facilitates productive release of PS-ASOs, raising the possibility that Golgi-mediated transport may play important roles in PS-ASO activity. Here we further evaluated the involvement of Golgi in PS-ASO activity by examining additional Golgi proteins. Reduction of certain Golgi proteins, including Golgi-58K, GCC1 and TGN46, decreased PS-ASO activity, without substantial effects on Golgi integrity. Upon PS-ASO cellular uptake, Golgi-58K was recruited to late endosomes where it colocalized with PS-ASOs. Reduction of Golgi-58K caused slower PS-ASO release from late endosomes, decreased GCC2 late endosome relocalization, and led to slower retrograde transport of M6PR from late endosomes to trans-Golgi. Late endosome relocalization of Golgi-58K requires Hsc70, and is most likely mediated by PS-ASO-protein interactions. Together, these results suggest a novel function of Golgi-58K in mediating Golgi-endosome transport and indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in endosomal release of PS-ASO, ensuring antisense activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Sun
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Core Antisense Research, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mathew C, Weiß RG, Giese C, Lin CW, Losfeld ME, Glockshuber R, Riniker S, Aebi M. Glycan-protein interactions determine kinetics of N-glycan remodeling. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:917-931. [PMID: 34212152 PMCID: PMC8207518 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of N-linked glycosylation in the secretory compartments of eukaryotic cells is the sequential remodeling of an initially uniform oligosaccharide to a site-specific, heterogeneous ensemble of glycostructures on mature proteins. To understand site-specific processing, we used protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a model protein with five glycosylation sites, for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared the result to a biochemical in vitro analysis with four different glycan processing enzymes. As predicted by an analysis of the accessibility of the N-glycans for their processing enzymes derived from the MD simulations, N-glycans at different glycosylation sites showed different kinetic properties for the processing enzymes. In addition, altering the tertiary structure of the glycoprotein PDI affected its N-glycan remodeling in a site-specific way. We propose that the observed differential N-glycan reactivities depend on the surrounding protein tertiary structure and lead to different glycan structures in the same protein through kinetically controlled processing pathways. Atomistic glycoprotein simulations reveal a site-specific availability of glycan substrates in time-resolved mass spectrometry of maturating enzyme kinetics.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Mathew
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - R Gregor Weiß
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland .,Functional Genomics Center Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marie-Estelle Losfeld
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kellman BP, Lewis NE. Big-Data Glycomics: Tools to Connect Glycan Biosynthesis to Extracellular Communication. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:284-300. [PMID: 33349503 PMCID: PMC7954846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Characteristically, cells must sense and respond to environmental cues. Despite the importance of cell-cell communication, our understanding remains limited and often lacks glycans. Glycans decorate proteins and cell membranes at the cell-environment interface, and modulate intercellular communication, from development to pathogenesis. Providing further challenges, glycan biosynthesis and cellular behavior are co-regulating systems. Here, we discuss how glycosylation contributes to extracellular responses and signaling. We further organize approaches for disentangling the roles of glycans in multicellular interactions using newly available datasets and tools, including glycan biosynthesis models, omics datasets, and systems-level analyses. Thus, emerging tools in big data analytics and systems biology are facilitating novel insights on glycans and their relationship with multicellular behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Kellman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou C, He Q, Gan H, Zeng T, Liu Q, Moorhead JF, Varghese Z, Ouyang N, Ruan XZ. Hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease exacerbates atherosclerosis via a mannosidases-mediated complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1342-1353. [PMID: 33631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood phosphate levels are linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging studies indicate an involvement of hyperphosphatemia in CKD accelerated atherogenesis through disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we investigated a potential atherogenic role of high phosphate concentrations acting through aberrant activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and cleavage-activating protein (SCAP)-SREBP2 signaling in patients with CKD, hyperphosphatemic apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice, and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hyperphosphatemia correlated positively with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese patients with CKD and severe atheromatous lesions in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice. Mice arteries had elevated SCAP levels with aberrantly activated SCAP-SREBP2 signaling. Excess phosphate in vitro raised the activity of α-mannosidase, resulting in delayed SCAP degradation through promoting complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans. The retention of SCAP enhanced transactivation of SREBP2 and expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, boosting intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Elevated α-mannosidase II activity was also observed in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice and the radial arteries of patients with uremia and hyperphosphatemia. High phosphate concentration in vitro elevated α-mannosidase II activity in the Golgi, enhanced complex-type conversion of SCAP N-glycans, thereby upregulating intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Thus, our studies explain how hyperphosphatemia independently accelerates atherosclerosis in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - John F Moorhead
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zac Varghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klunda T, Hricovíni M, Šesták S, Kóňa J, Poláková M. Selective Golgi α-mannosidase II inhibitors: N-alkyl substituted pyrrolidines with a basic functional group. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic assays, molecular modeling and NMR studies of novel 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-lyxitols provided new information on the GH38 family enzyme inhibitors and their selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Klunda
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Michal Hricovíni
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Szabó E, Hornung Á, Monostori É, Bocskai M, Czibula Á, Kovács L. Altered Cell Surface N-Glycosylation of Resting and Activated T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184455. [PMID: 31509989 PMCID: PMC6770513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cell surface glycosylation in congenital and acquired diseases has been shown to affect cell differentiation and cellular responses to external signals. Hence, it may have an important role in immune regulation; however, T cell surface glycosylation has not been studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototype of autoimmune diseases. Analysis of the glycosylation of T cells from patients suffering from SLE was performed by lectin-binding assay, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that resting SLE T cells presented an activated-like phenotype in terms of their glycosylation pattern. Additionally, activated SLE T cells bound significantly less galectin-1 (Gal-1), an important immunoregulatory lectin, while other lectins bound similarly to the controls. Differential lectin binding, specifically Gal-1, to SLE T cells was explained by the increased gene expression ratio of sialyltransferases and neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), particularly by elevated ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1 (ST6GAL1)/NEU1 and ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3GAL6)/NEU1 ratios. These findings indicated an increased terminal sialylation. Indeed, neuraminidase treatment of cells resulted in the increase of Gal-1 binding. Altered T cell surface glycosylation may predispose the cells to resistance to the immunoregulatory effects of Gal-1, and may thus contribute to the pathomechanism of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Hornung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Monostori
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márta Bocskai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Czibula
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Kovács
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang S, Wang J, Yang L, Guo R, Huang E, Yang H, Zhang Y, Sun L, Song R, Chen J, Tian Y, Zhao B, Guo Q, Lu H. Swainsonine induces autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to injure the renal tubular epithelial cells. Biochimie 2019; 165:131-140. [PMID: 31356846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swainsonine is a major toxic ingredients of locoweed plants, ingestion of these plants may cause locoism in livestock characterized by extensive cellular vacuolar degeneration of multiple tissues. However, so far, the mechanisms responsible for vacuolar degeneration induced by SW are not known. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in SW-induced TCMK-1 cells using Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent microscopy and qRT-PCR. The results showed that SW treatment increased the levels of LC3-II. The co-localization of LC3-II and lysosomal protein LAMP-2 results suggested that SW treatment does not interfere with fusion between autophagosome and lysosome. TEM results indicated that SW induced aggregation of the lysosome around the autophagosome. In addition, SW treatment suppressed p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 level. In conclusion, SW induced autophagy via pI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and revealed the role of autophagy in causing the SW toxicity characterized by the vacuolar degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, Tibet, 850002, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Enxia Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hanqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runjie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hermo L, Oliveira RL, Smith CE, Au CE, Bergeron JJM. Dark side of the epididymis: tails of sperm maturation. Andrology 2019; 7:566-580. [PMID: 31102346 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hermes body (HB) previously called the cytoplasmic droplet is a focal distension of the flagellar cytoplasm of epididymal spermatozoa consisting mainly of isolated flattened Golgi cisternae. OBJECTIVE To define a functional role for the HB of epididymal spermatozoa. METHODS Isolated fractions of HBs of epididymal spermatozoa were prepared and by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry revealed 1511 proteins. RESULTS The glucose transporter GLUT-3 was the most abundant protein followed by hexokinase 1, which along with the presence of all glycolytic enzymes suggested a role for the HB in glycolysis. Several TMED/p24 Golgi trafficking proteins were abundant with TMED7/p27 and TMED2/p24 defining the identity of the flattened cisternae within the HB as Golgi, along with the known Golgi proteins, GBF1, GOLPH3, Man2α1, and ManIIX. The Golgi trafficking protein TMED7/p27 via small 50-nm vesicles emanating from the Golgi cisternae was proposed to transport GLUT-3 to the plasma membrane for ATP production related to sperm motility. The internal membranes revealed abundant proteins not only of Golgi cisternae, but also of endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes. COPI and COPII coats, clathrin, SNAREs, annexins, atlastins, and GTPases were identified for vesicular trafficking and membrane fusion, in addition to ribosomes, stress proteins for protection, proteasome proteins involved in degradation, and cytoskeletal elements for migration of the HB along the flagellum. The biogenesis of the HB occurring at step 19 spermatids of the testis just prior to their release was uncovered as a key step in germ cell differentiation, where several proteins were expressed, some for the first time. CONCLUSION As epididymal spermatozoa undergo remodeling of their protein makeup through selective degradation of sperm proteins during epididymal transit, then remodeling as a consequence of new protein synthesis is not excluded by our observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R L Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C E Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C E Au
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J J M Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bella M, Šesták S, Moncoľ J, Koóš M, Poláková M. Synthesis of 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols modified at C-5 and their evaluation as inhibitors of GH38 α-mannosidases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2156-2162. [PMID: 30202468 PMCID: PMC6122390 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic approach to 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols with various modifications at the C-5 position is reported. These imino-L-lyxitol cores were used for the preparation of a series of N-(4-halobenzyl)polyhydroxypyrrolidines. An impact of the C-5 modification on the inhibition and selectivity against GH38 α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster, the Golgi (GMIIb) and lysosomal (LManII) mannosidases and commercial jack bean α-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis was evaluated. The modification at C-5 affected their inhibitory activity against the target GMIIb enzyme. In contrast, no inhibition effect of the pyrrolidines against LManII was observed. The modification of the imino-L-lyxitol core is therefore a suitable motif for the design of inhibitors with desired selectivity against the target GMIIb enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroš Bella
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Koóš
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Šesták S, Bella M, Klunda T, Gurská S, Džubák P, Wöls F, Wilson IBH, Sladek V, Hajdúch M, Poláková M, Kóňa J. N-Benzyl Substitution of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines: The Way to Selective Inhibitors of Golgi α-Mannosidase II. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:373-383. [PMID: 29323461 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the biosynthesis of complex N-glycans in the Golgi apparatus influences progress of tumor growth and metastasis. Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII) has become a therapeutic target for drugs with anticancer activities. One critical task for successful application of GMII drugs in medical treatments is to decrease their unwanted co-inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase (LMan), a weakness of all known potent GMII inhibitors. A series of novel N-substituted polyhydroxypyrrolidines was synthesized and tested with modeled GH38 α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster (GMIIb and LManII). The most potent structures inhibited GMIIb (Ki =50-76 μm, as determined by enzyme assays) with a significant selectivity index of IC50 (LManII)/IC50 (GMIIb) >100. These compounds also showed inhibitory activities in in vitro assays with cancer cell lines (leukemia, IC50 =92-200 μm) and low cytotoxic activities in normal fibroblast cell lines (IC50 >200 μm). In addition, they did not show any significant inhibitory activity toward GH47 Aspergillus saitoiα1,2-mannosidase. An appropriate stereo configuration of hydroxymethyl and benzyl functional groups on the pyrrolidine ring of the inhibitor may lead to an inhibitor with the required selectivity for the active site of a target α-mannosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Klunda
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Wöls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bassuino DM, Konradt G, Bianchi MV, Reis MO, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D. Spontaneous poisoning by Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) in horses. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Sida carpinifolia poisoning causes a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with lysosomal storage by indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine). The epidemiological, clinical, pathological and lectin histochemistry findings of an outbreak of natural poisoning by S. carpinifolia in horses in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, are described. Five horses from a total of 15 that were kept on native pasture with large amounts of S. carpinifolia presented during 90 days clinical signs of progressive weight loss, incoordination, stiff gait and ramble, in addition to exacerbated reactions and locomotion difficulty after induced movement. Four horses died, and one of them was submitted for necropsy. At necropsy, no significant gross lesions were observed. Histological findings observed in the central nervous system were characterized by swollen neurons with cytoplasm containing multiple microvacuoles; these abnormalities were more severe in the thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons. Using lectin histochemistry, the pons and hippocampus sections stained positive for commercial lectin Con-A, sWGA and WGA. This study aimed to detail S. carpinifolia poisoning in horses to be included in the differential diagnoses of neurological diseases of horses.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sladek V, Kóňa J, Tokiwa H. In silico analysis of interaction pattern switching in ligand⋯receptor binding in Golgi α-mannosidase II induced by the protonated states of inhibitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12527-12537. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Different binding modes for charge-neutral and protonated inhibitor forms in Golgi α-mannosidase II active sites may influence their biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
- Dept. of Chemistry
| | - J. Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - H. Tokiwa
- Dept. of Chemistry
- Rikkyo University
- Toshima
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu C, Han T, Lu H, Zhao B. The toxicology mechanism of endophytic fungus and swainsonine in locoweed. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 47:38-46. [PMID: 27606974 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Locoweed is a perennial herbaceous plant included in Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp. that contains the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. The livestock that consume locoweed can suffer from a type of toxicity called locoism. There are aliphaticnitro compounds, selenium, selenium compounds, and alkaloids in locoweed. The toxic component in locoweed has been identified as swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal a-mannosidase and mannosidase II, resulting in altered oligosaccharide degradation and incomplete glycoprotein processing. Corresponding studies on endophytic fungi producing swainsonine have been isolated from a variety of locoweed, and these endophytic fungi and locoweed have a close relationship. Endophytic fungi can promote the growth of locoweed and increase swainsonine production. As a result, livestock that consume locoweed exhibit several symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggering gait, chromatopsia, trembling, ataxia, and cellular vacuolar degeneration of most tissues by pathological observation. Locoism results in significant annual economic losses. Therefore, in this paper, we review the current research on locoweed, including that on locoweed species distribution in China, endophyte fungus in locoweed, the toxicology mechanism of locoweed, and the swainsonine effect on reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiesuo Han
- Animal Health Center, Lanzhou Chia Tai Food Co., Ltd, Lanzhou 730200, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bobovská A, Tvaroška I, Kóňa J. Using DFT methodology for more reliable predictive models: Design of inhibitors of Golgi α-Mannosidase II. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 66:47-57. [PMID: 27035259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII), a zinc ion co-factor dependent glycoside hydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.114), is a pharmaceutical target for the design of inhibitors with anti-cancer activity. The discovery of an effective inhibitor is complicated by the fact that all known potent inhibitors of GMII are involved in unwanted co-inhibition with lysosomal α-mannosidase (LMan, E.C.3.2.1.24), a relative to GMII. Routine empirical QSAR models for both GMII and LMan did not work with a required accuracy. Therefore, we have developed a fast computational protocol to build predictive models combining interaction energy descriptors from an empirical docking scoring function (Glide-Schrödinger), Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) method, and quantum mechanical density functional theory (QM-DFT) calculations. The QSAR models were built and validated with a library of structurally diverse GMII and LMan inhibitors and non-active compounds. A critical role of QM-DFT descriptors for the more accurate prediction abilities of the models is demonstrated. The predictive ability of the models was significantly improved when going from the empirical docking scoring function to mixed empirical-QM-DFT QSAR models (Q(2)=0.78-0.86 when cross-validation procedures were carried out; and R(2)=0.81-0.83 for a testing set). The average error for the predicted ΔGbind decreased to 0.8-1.1kcalmol(-1). Also, 76-80% of non-active compounds were successfully filtered out from GMII and LMan inhibitors. The QSAR models with the fragmented QM-DFT descriptors may find a useful application in structure-based drug design where pure empirical and force field methods reached their limits and where quantum mechanics effects are critical for ligand-receptor interactions. The optimized models will apply in lead optimization processes for GMII drug developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bobovská
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-1, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Tvaroška
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vučković F, Krištić J, Gudelj I, Teruel M, Keser T, Pezer M, Pučić-Baković M, Štambuk J, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Barrios C, Pavić T, Menni C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Cui L, Song H, Zeng Q, Guo X, Pons-Estel BA, McKeigue P, Leslie Patrick A, Gornik O, Spector TD, Harjaček M, Alarcon-Riquelme M, Molokhia M, Wang W, Lauc G. Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with decreased immunosuppressive potential of the IgG glycome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016. [PMID: 26200652 PMCID: PMC4626261 DOI: 10.1002/art.39273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Glycans attached to the Fc portion of IgG are important modulators of IgG effector functions. Interindividual differences in IgG glycome composition are large and they associate strongly with different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IKZF1, HLA–DQ2A/B, and BACH2 genetic loci that affect IgG glycome composition show pleiotropy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), indicating a potentially causative role of aberrant IgG glycosylation in SLE. We undertook this large multicenter case–control study to determine whether SLE is associated with altered IgG glycosylation. Methods Using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, we analyzed the composition of the IgG glycome in 261 SLE patients and 247 matched controls of Latin American Mestizo origin (the discovery cohort) and in 2 independent replication cohorts of different ethnicity (108 SLE patients and 193 controls from Trinidad, and 106 SLE patients and 105 controls from China). Results Multiple statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition were observed between patients and controls. The most significant changes included decreased galactosylation and sialylation of IgG (which regulate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory actions of IgG) as well as decreased core fucose and increased bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine (which affect antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity). Conclusion The IgG glycome in SLE patients is significantly altered in a way that decreases immunosuppressive action of circulating immunoglobulins. The magnitude of observed changes is associated with the intensity of the disease, indicating that aberrant IgG glycome composition or changes in IgG glycosylation may be an important molecular mechanism in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frano Vučković
- Genos Ltd., Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Ltd., Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Teruel
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Ltd., Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Ltd., Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Clara Barrios
- King's College London, London, UK, and Hospital del Mar and Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liufu Cui
- Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Haicheng Song
- Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- International Medical Center and Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Alarcon-Riquelme
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain, and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, and Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd., Glycoscience Research Laboratory, and University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a vertebrate secretory protein synthesized in the thyrocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it acquires N-linked glycosylation and conformational maturation (including formation of many disulfide bonds), leading to homodimerization. Its primary functions include iodide storage and thyroid hormonogenesis. Tg consists largely of repeating domains, and many tyrosyl residues in these domains become iodinated to form monoiodo- and diiodotyrosine, whereas only a small portion of Tg structure is dedicated to hormone formation. Interestingly, evolutionary ancestors, dependent upon thyroid hormone for development, synthesize thyroid hormones without the complete Tg protein architecture. Nevertheless, in all vertebrates, Tg follows a strict pattern of region I, II-III, and the cholinesterase-like (ChEL) domain. In vertebrates, Tg first undergoes intracellular transport through the secretory pathway, which requires the assistance of thyrocyte ER chaperones and oxidoreductases, as well as coordination of distinct regions of Tg, to achieve a native conformation. Curiously, regions II-III and ChEL behave as fully independent folding units that could function as successful secretory proteins by themselves. However, the large Tg region I (bearing the primary T4-forming site) is incompetent by itself for intracellular transport, requiring the downstream regions II-III and ChEL to complete its folding. A combination of nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, splice site mutations, and missense mutations in Tg occurs spontaneously to cause congenital hypothyroidism and thyroidal ER stress. These Tg mutants are unable to achieve a native conformation within the ER, interfering with the efficiency of Tg maturation and export to the thyroid follicle lumen for iodide storage and hormonogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Di Jeso
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Peter Arvan
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sano M, Hashiba K, Higashi M, Okuda K. Alteration of glycan structures by swainsonine affects steroidogenesis in bovine luteal cells. Theriogenology 2015; 84:827-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Lu H, Ma F, Wang H, Geng PS, Wang SS, Wang JG, Wu CC, Zhao BY. The effects of swainsonine on the activity and expression of α-mannosidase in BRL-3A cells. Toxicon 2015; 99:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Alteration of N-glycans and expression of their related glycogenes in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCV29 bladder epithelial cells. Molecules 2014; 19:20073-90. [PMID: 25470275 PMCID: PMC6271757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential step in the proliferation and metastasis of solid tumor cells, and glycosylation plays a crucial role in the EMT process. Certain aberrant glycans have been reported as biomarkers during bladder cancer progression, but global variation of N-glycans in this type of cancer has not been previously studied. We examined the profiles of N-glycan and glycogene expression in transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)-induced EMT using non-malignant bladder transitional epithelium HCV29 cells. These expression profiles were analyzed by mass spectrometry, lectin microarray analysis, and GlycoV4 oligonucleotide microarray analysis, and confirmed by lectin histochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. The expression of 5 N-glycan-related genes were notably altered in TGFβ-induced EMT. In particular, reduced expression of glycogene man2a1, which encodes α-mannosidase 2, contributed to the decreased proportions of bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary complex N-glycans, and increased expression of hybrid-type N-glycans. Decreased expression of fuca1 gene, which encodes Type 1 α-L-fucosidase, contributed to increased expression of fucosylated N-glycans in TGFβ-induced EMT. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate the involvement of aberrant N-glycan synthesis in EMT in these cells. Integrated glycomic techniques as described here will facilitate discovery of glycan markers and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lu H, Wang SS, Wang WL, Zhang L, Zhao BY. Effect of swainsonine in Oxytropis kansuensis on Golgi α-mannosidase II expression in the brain tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7407-7412. [PMID: 24741992 DOI: 10.1021/jf501299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of swainsonine in Oxytropis kansuensis on the expression of Golgi α-mannosidase II (MAN2A1) in the brain tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (experimental groups I, II, and III and a control group) of six animals each. The rats were penned as groups and fed feeds containing either 15% (swainsonine content = 0.003%), 30% (swainsonine content = 0.006%), or 45% (swainsonine content = 0.009%) O. kansuensis for experimental groups I-III, respectively, or complete feed for the control group. One hundred and nineteen days after poisoning, all rats showed neurological disorders at different degrees, which were considered to be successful establishment of a chronic poisoning model of O. kansuensis. Rats were sacrificed, and MAN2A1 expression of brain tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The results showed that MAN2A1 was either not expressed or lowly expressed in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex and hippocampal layers, but was found to be highly expressed in other areas of the brain. MAN2A1 expression decreased in the cerebrum and cerebellum in experimental groups when compared to the control group, whereas the expression of MAN2A1 mRNA was inhibited in cerebral and cerebellar tissues by O. kansuensis. These results indicated that O. kansuensis treatment could reduce the expression of MAN2A1 in brain tissues of SD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosenbaum EE, Vasiljevic E, Brehm KS, Colley NJ. Mutations in four glycosyl hydrolases reveal a highly coordinated pathway for rhodopsin biosynthesis and N-glycan trimming in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004349. [PMID: 24785692 PMCID: PMC4006722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As newly synthesized glycoproteins move through the secretory pathway, the asparagine-linked glycan (N-glycan) undergoes extensive modifications involving the sequential removal and addition of sugar residues. These modifications are critical for the proper assembly, quality control and transport of glycoproteins during biosynthesis. The importance of N-glycosylation is illustrated by a growing list of diseases that result from defects in the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked glycans. The major rhodopsin in Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors, Rh1, is highly unique among glycoproteins, as the N-glycan appears to be completely removed during Rh1 biosynthesis and maturation. However, much of the deglycosylation pathway for Rh1 remains unknown. To elucidate the key steps in Rh1 deglycosylation in vivo, we characterized mutant alleles of four Drosophila glycosyl hydrolases, namely α-mannosidase-II (α-Man-II), α-mannosidase-IIb (α-Man-IIb), a β-N-acetylglucosaminidase called fused lobes (Fdl), and hexosaminidase 1 (Hexo1). We have demonstrated that these four enzymes play essential and unique roles in a highly coordinated pathway for oligosaccharide trimming during Rh1 biosynthesis. Our results reveal that α-Man-II and α-Man-IIb are not isozymes like their mammalian counterparts, but rather function at distinct stages in Rh1 maturation. Also of significance, our results indicate that Hexo1 has a biosynthetic role in N-glycan processing during Rh1 maturation. This is unexpected given that in humans, the hexosaminidases are typically lysosomal enzymes involved in N-glycan catabolism with no known roles in protein biosynthesis. Here, we present a genetic dissection of glycoprotein processing in Drosophila and unveil key steps in N-glycan trimming during Rh1 biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide fundamental advances towards understanding the complex and highly regulated pathway of N-glycosylation in vivo and reveal novel insights into the functions of glycosyl hydrolases in the secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. Rosenbaum
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eva Vasiljevic
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kimberley S. Brehm
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nansi Jo Colley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferris SP, Kodali VK, Kaufman RJ. Glycoprotein folding and quality-control mechanisms in protein-folding diseases. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:331-41. [PMID: 24609034 PMCID: PMC3944493 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of proteins--from translation to folding to export--encompasses a complex set of events that are exquisitely regulated and scrutinized to ensure the functional quality of the end products. Cells have evolved to capitalize on multiple post-translational modifications in addition to primary structure to indicate the folding status of nascent polypeptides to the chaperones and other proteins that assist in their folding and export. These modifications can also, in the case of irreversibly misfolded candidates, signal the need for dislocation and degradation. The current Review focuses on the glycoprotein quality-control (GQC) system that utilizes protein N-glycosylation and N-glycan trimming to direct nascent glycopolypeptides through the folding, export and dislocation pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A diverse set of pathological conditions rooted in defective as well as over-vigilant ER quality-control systems have been identified, underlining its importance in human health and disease. We describe the GQC pathways and highlight disease and animal models that have been instrumental in clarifying our current understanding of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Ferris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vamsi K. Kodali
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bieberich E. Synthesis, Processing, and Function of N-glycans in N-glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:47-70. [PMID: 25151374 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Many membrane-resident and secrected proteins, including growth factors and their receptors, are N-glycosylated. The initial N-glycan structure is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a branched structure on a lipid anchor (dolichol pyrophosphate) and then co-translationally, "en bloc" transferred and linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine within a specific N-glycosylation acceptor sequence of the nascent recipient protein. In the ER and then the Golgi apparatus, the N-linked glycan structure is modified by hydrolytic removal of sugar residues ("trimming") followed by re-glycosylation with additional sugar residues ("processing") such as galactose, fucose, or sialic acid to form complex N-glycoproteins. While the sequence of the reactions leading to biosynthesis, "en bloc" transfer and processing of N-glycans is well investigated, it is still not completely understood how N-glycans affect the biological fate and function of N-glycoproteins. This review discusses the biology of N-glycoprotein synthesis, processing, and function with specific reference to the physiology and pathophysiology of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street Room CA4012, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pocheć E, Janik M, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Link-Lenczowski P, Przybyło M, Lityńska A. Expression of integrins α3β1 and α5β1 and GlcNAc β1,6 glycan branching influences metastatic melanoma cell migration on fibronectin. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:355-62. [PMID: 24290991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of metastatic potential is accompanied by changes in cell surface N-glycosylation. One of the best-studied changes is increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V enzyme (GnT-V) and its products, β1,6-branched N-linked oligosaccharides, observed in the tumorigenesis of many cancers. In this study we demonstrate that during the transition from the vertical growth phase (VGP) (WM793 cell line) to the metastatic stage (WM1205Lu line), β1,6 glycosylation of melanoma cell surface proteins increases as a consequence of elevated expression of the GnT-V-encoding Mgat-5 gene. Treatment with swainsonine led to reduced cell motility on fibronectin in both cell lines; the effect was stronger in metastatic cells, probably due to the higher content of GlcNAc β1,6-branched glycans on the main fibronectin receptors - integrins α5β1 and α3β1. Our results show that GlcNAc β1,6 N-glycosylation of cell surface receptors, which increases with the aggressiveness of melanoma cells, is an important factor influencing melanoma cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcelina Janik
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The accessory Sec protein Asp2 modulates GlcNAc deposition onto the serine-rich repeat glycoprotein GspB. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:5564-75. [PMID: 22885294 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01000-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accessory Sec system is a specialized transport system that exports serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoproteins of Gram-positive bacteria. This system contains two homologues of the general secretory (Sec) pathway (SecA2 and SecY2) and several other essential proteins (Asp1 to Asp5) that share no homology to proteins of known function. In Streptococcus gordonii, Asp2 is required for the transport of the SRR adhesin GspB, but its role in export is unknown. Tertiary structure predictions suggest that the carboxyl terminus of Asp2 resembles the catalytic region of numerous enzymes that function through a Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad. Sequence alignment of all Asp2 homologues identified a highly conserved pentapeptide motif (Gly-X-Ser(362)-X-Gly) typical of most Ser-Asp-His catalytic triads, where Ser forms the reactive residue. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues comprising the predicted catalytic triad of Asp2 of S. gordonii had no effect upon GspB transport but did result in a marked change in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein. Lectin-binding studies and monosaccharide content analysis of this altered glycoform revealed an increase in glucosamine deposition. Random mutagenesis of the Asp2 region containing this catalytic domain also disrupted GspB transport. Collectively, our findings suggest that Asp2 is a bifunctional protein that is essential for both GspB transport and correct glycosylation. The catalytic domain may be responsible for controlling the glycosylation of GspB, while other surrounding regions are functionally required for glycoprotein transport.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanchez EJ, Lewis KM, Munske GR, Nissen MS, Kang C. Glycosylation of skeletal calsequestrin: implications for its function. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3042-50. [PMID: 22170046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.326363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CASQ) serves as a major Ca(2+) storage/buffer protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). When purified from skeletal muscle, CASQ1 is obtained in its glycosylated form. Here, we have confirmed the specific site and degree of glycosylation of native rabbit CASQ1 and have investigated its effect on critical properties of CASQ by comparison with the non-glycosylated recombinant form. Based on our comparative approach utilizing crystal structures, Ca(2+) binding capacities, analytical ultracentrifugation, and light-scattering profiles of the native and recombinant rabbit CASQ1, we propose a novel and dynamic role for glycosylation in CASQ. CASQ undergoes a unique degree of mannose trimming as it is trafficked from the proximal endoplasmic reticulum to the SR. The major glycoform of CASQ (GlcNAc(2)Man(9)) found in the proximal endoplasmic reticulum can severely hinder formation of the back-to-back interface, potentially preventing premature Ca(2+)-dependent polymerization of CASQ and ensuring its continuous mobility to the SR. Only trimmed glycans can stabilize both front-to-front and the back-to-back interfaces of CASQ through extensive hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, the mature glycoform of CASQ (GlcNAc(2)Man(1-4)) within the SR can be retained upon establishing a functional high capacity Ca(2+) binding polymer. In addition, based on the high resolution structures, we propose a molecular mechanism for the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT2) mutation, K206N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano J Sanchez
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4660, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pinho SS, Seruca R, Gärtner F, Yamaguchi Y, Gu J, Taniguchi N, Reis CA. Modulation of E-cadherin function and dysfunction by N-glycosylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1011-20. [PMID: 21104290 PMCID: PMC11114786 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the E-cadherin dysfunction in cancer, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. Nevertheless, a significant number of human carcinomas have been seen that show E-cadherin dysfunction that cannot be explained at the genetic/epigenetic level. A substantial body of evidence has appeared recently that supports the view that other mechanisms operating at the post-translational level may also affect E-cadherin function. The present review addresses molecular aspects related to E-cadherin N-glycosylation and evidence is presented showing that the modification of N-linked glycans on E-cadherin can affect the adhesive function of this adhesion molecule. The role of glycosyltransferases involved in the remodeling of N-glycans on E-cadherin, including N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III), N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), and the α1,6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) enzyme, is also discussed. Finally, this review discusses an alternative functional regulatory mechanism for E-cadherin operating at the post-translational level, N-glycosylation, that may underlie the E-cadherin dysfunction in some carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S. Pinho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Disease Glycomics (Seikagaku Corporation), The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schachter H, Boulianne G. Life is sweet! A novel role for N-glycans in Drosophila lifespan. Fly (Austin) 2011; 5:18-24. [PMID: 21057214 DOI: 10.4161/fly.5.1.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are post-translational modifications in which the sugar chain is covalently linked to protein by a GlcNAcβ1-N-asparagine linkage. Drosophila melanogaster and other invertebrates, but not vertebrates, synthesize large amounts of "paucimannose" N-glycans that contain only three or four mannose residues. The enzyme UDP-GlcNAc:α3-D-mannoside β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI, encoded by the Mgat1 gene) controls the synthesis of paucimannose N-glycans. Either deletion or neuron-specific knockdown of Mgat1 in wild type flies results in pronounced defects in locomotion, structural defects in the adult central nervous system and a severely reduced lifespan. We have recently shown that neuronal expression of a wild-type Mgat1 transgene in Mgat1-null flies rescues the structural defects in the brain (fused β-lobes) and the shortened lifespan and, surprisingly, results in a dramatic 135% increase in mean lifespan relative to genetically identical controls that do not express the transgene. In this review, we discuss various approaches that can be used to determine the roles of paucimannose N-glycans in Drosophila longevity and in the adult CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Schachter
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pedroso PM, Oliveira LGD, Cruz CE, Soares MP, Barreto LR, Driemeier D. Doença do armazenamento lisossomal induzida pelo consumo de Sida carpinifolia em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010001000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relata-se a intoxicação natural por Sida carpinifolia (guanxuma, chá-da-índia) em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram afetados cinco bovinos no período 2001-2008. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por emagrecimento, incoordenação, dificuldade de locomoção, tremores generalizados, quedas frequentes e morte. Microscopicamente, as principais alterações foram vacuolização dos neurônios de Purkinje do cerebelo, das células acinares do pâncreas e das células foliculares da tireoide. A microscopia eletrônica evidenciou vacúolos com conteúdo finamente granulado e delimitado por membrana. Na lectina-histoquímica, observou-se marcação em neurônios com as lectinas Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A), Triticum vulgaris (WGA) e Succinyl Triticum vulgaris (sWGA).
Collapse
|
38
|
Tu L, Banfield DK. Localization of Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:29-41. [PMID: 19727557 PMCID: PMC11115592 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For many glycosyltransferases, the information that instructs Golgi localization is located within a relatively short sequence of amino acids in the N-termini of these proteins comprising: the cytoplasmic tail, the transmembrane spanning region, and the stem region (CTS). Also, one enzyme may be more reliant on a particular region in the CTS for its localization than another. The predominance of these integral membrane proteins in the Golgi has seen these enzymes become central players in the development of membrane trafficking models of transport within this organelle. It is now understood that the means by which the characteristic distributions of glycosyltransferases arise within the subcompartments of the Golgi is inextricably linked to the mechanisms that cells employ to direct the flow of proteins and lipids within this organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Tu
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Karl Banfield
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Crispin M, Chang VT, Harvey DJ, Dwek RA, Evans EJ, Stuart DI, Jones EY, Lord JM, Spooner RA, Davis SJ. A human embryonic kidney 293T cell line mutated at the Golgi alpha-mannosidase II locus. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21684-95. [PMID: 19465480 PMCID: PMC2755891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.006254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II activity can result in type II congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and induce lupus-like autoimmunity in mice. Here, we isolated a mutant human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cell line called Lec36, which displays sensitivity to ricin that lies between the parental HEK 293T cells, in which the secreted and membrane-expressed proteins are dominated by complex-type glycosylation, and 293S Lec1 cells, which produce only oligomannose-type N-linked glycans. Stem cell marker 19A was transiently expressed in the HEK 293T Lec36 cells and in parental HEK 293T cells with and without the potent Golgi alpha-mannosidase II inhibitor, swainsonine. Negative ion nano-electrospray ionization mass spectra of the 19A N-linked glycans from HEK 293T Lec36 and swainsonine-treated HEK 293T cells were qualitatively indistinguishable and, as shown by collision-induced dissociation spectra, were dominated by hybrid-type glycosylation. Nucleotide sequencing revealed mutations in each allele of MAN2A1, the gene encoding Golgi alpha-mannosidase II: a point mutation that mapped to the active site was found in one allele, and an in-frame deletion of 12 nucleotides was found in the other allele. Expression of the wild type but not the mutant MAN2A1 alleles in Lec36 cells restored processing of the 19A reporter glycoprotein to complex-type glycosylation. The Lec36 cell line will be useful for expressing therapeutic glycoproteins with hybrid-type glycans and as a sensitive host for detecting mutations in human MAN2A1 causing type II congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Crispin
- From the Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, and
| | - Veronica T. Chang
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS
| | - David J. Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, and
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, and
| | - Edward J. Evans
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS
| | - David I. Stuart
- From the Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - E. Yvonne Jones
- From the Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - J. Michael Lord
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Spooner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Davis
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schachter H. Paucimannose N-glycans in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
41
|
Cormier JH, Tamura T, Sunryd JC, Hebert DN. EDEM1 recognition and delivery of misfolded proteins to the SEL1L-containing ERAD complex. Mol Cell 2009; 34:627-33. [PMID: 19524542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Terminally misfolded or unassembled secretory proteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently cleared by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. The degradation of ERAD substrates involves mannose trimming of N-linked glycans; however, the mechanisms of substrate recognition and sorting to the ERAD pathway are poorly defined. EDEM1 (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like 1 protein) has been proposed to play a role in ERAD substrate signaling or recognition. We show that EDEM1 specifically binds nonnative proteins in a glycan-independent manner. Inhibition of mannosidase activity with kifunensine or disruption of the EDEM1 mannosidase-like domain by mutation had no effect on EDEM1 substrate binding but diminished its association with the ER membrane adaptor protein SEL1L. These results support a model whereby EDEM1 binds nonnative proteins and uses its mannosidase-like domain to target aberrant proteins to the ER membrane dislocation and ubiquitination complex containing SEL1L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Cormier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiang ZG, Jiang DD, Liu Y, Zhang LF, Zhu LP. hMan2c1 transgene promotes tumor progress in mice. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:67-75. [PMID: 19572206 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the biological significance of alpha-mannosidase Man2c1, hMan2c1 transgenic mice were developed. In 113 F0 mice, eight were found to be genomic PCR positive for hMan2c1; 9/20 (45%) F1 mice, 16/21 (76.2%) F2 mice, and 12/14 (85.7%) F3 mice were genomic PCR positive for hMan2c1. RT-PCR demonstrated hMan2c1 mRNA transcription in four of eight transgenic lines. Enzymatic activity on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D: -mannopyranoside was enhanced in 35# and 54# transgenic mice and real-time RT-PCR showed hMan2c1 mRNA expression in these mice. Reduced Con A binding to splenocytes implied N-glycosylation modification of host proteins by hMan2c1 transgene. hMan2c1 transgene promoted growth, invasion, and metastasis to lung of implanted hepatoma H22 and sarcoma S180. The average weights of H22 and S180 tumors were 3.98 +/- 1.62, 3.29 +/- 0.76, 1.69 +/- 1.09, and 3.19 +/- 0.44, 2.72 +/- 1.38, 0.97 +/- 0.41 g for 35#, 54# transgenic mice and wild type mice (W), respectively, (35# or 54# versus W, paired t-test, P < 0.05). In 35# and 54# mice 5/10 and 3/10 showed lung metastasis of H22 tumor in contrast with 1/10 in W mice. In 35# and 54# mice 1/6 and 2/6 showed lung metastasis of S180 tumor in contrast with 0/6 in W mice. The possible mechanism of the promotion was explored on both humoral and cellular immunity. Reduced antibody response to BSA was observed in transgenic mice, suggesting that specific antibody response to tumor antigens might be suppressed by hMan2c1 transgene. However, NK cytotoxicity in splenocytes was not affected by the transgene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z G Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee PL, Kohler JJ, Pfeffer SR. Association of beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 and beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, trans-Golgi enzymes involved in coupled poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis. Glycobiology 2009; 19:655-64. [PMID: 19261593 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc) is a linear carbohydrate polymer composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues involved in cellular functions ranging from differentiation to metastasis. PolyLacNAc also serves as a scaffold on which other oligosaccharides such as sialyl Lewis X are displayed. The polymerization of the alternating N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues is catalyzed by the successive action of UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (B3GNT1) and UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 (B4GALT1), respectively. The functional association between these two glycosyltransferases led us to investigate whether the enzymes also associate physically. We show that B3GNT1 and B4GALT1 colocalize by immunofluorescence microscopy, interact by coimmunoprecipitation, and affect each other's subcellular localization when one of the two proteins is artificially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results demonstrate that B3GNT1 and B4GALT1 physically associate in vitro and in cultured cells, providing insight into possible mechanisms for regulation of polyLacNAc production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, Fang W, Zhang L, Ouyang H, Zhou H, Luo Y, Jin C. Class IIC alpha-mannosidase AfAms1 is required for morphogenesis and cellular function in Aspergillus fumigatus. Glycobiology 2009; 19:624-32. [PMID: 19240271 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ER/cytosolic alpha-mannosidase (Man2C1p), yeast vacuolar alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p) and the Aspergillus nidulans alpha-mannosidase are members of Class IIC subgroup, which is involved in oligosaccharide catabolism and N-glycan processing. Unlike their mammalian counterparts, the yeast Ams1p and A. nidulans Class IIC alpha-mannosidase are not essential for morphogenesis and cellular function. In this study, the Afams1, a gene encoding a member of Class IIC alpha-mannosidases, was identified in the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Deletion of the Afams1 led to a severe defect in conidial formation, especially at a higher temperature. In addition, abnormalities of polarity and septation were associated with the DeltaAfams1 mutant. Our results showed that the Afams1 gene, in contrast to its homolog in yeast or A. nidulans, was required for morphogenesis and cellular function in A. fumigatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Novel mannosidase inhibitors probe glycoprotein degradation pathways in cells. Glycoconj J 2009; 26:1109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
46
|
Schachter H. The functions of paucimannose N-glycans in Caenorhabditis elegans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Ueda M, Yamate M, Du A, Daidoji T, Okuno Y, Ikuta K, Nakaya T. Maturation efficiency of viral glycoproteins in the ER impacts the production of influenza A virus. Virus Res 2008; 136:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
48
|
Zhong W, Kuntz DA, Ember B, Singh H, Moremen KW, Rose DR, Boons GJ. Probing the substrate specificity of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II by use of synthetic oligosaccharides and a catalytic nucleophile mutant. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8975-83. [PMID: 18558690 PMCID: PMC3982601 DOI: 10.1021/ja711248y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GMII), which acts late in the N-glycan processing pathway, provides a route to blocking cancer-induced changes in cell surface oligosaccharide structures. To probe the substrate requirements of GMII, oligosaccharides were synthesized that contained an alpha(1,3)- or alpha(1,6)-linked 1-thiomannoside. Surprisingly, these oligosaccharides were not observed in X-ray crystal structures of native Drosophila GMII (dGMII). However, a mutant enzyme in which the catalytic nucleophilic aspartate was changed to alanine (D204A) allowed visualization of soaked oligosaccharides and led to the identification of the binding site for the alpha(1,3)-linked mannoside of the natural substrate. These studies also indicate that the conformational change of the bound mannoside to a high-energy B 2,5 conformation is facilitated by steric hindrance from, and the formation of strong hydrogen bonds to, Asp204. The observation that 1-thio-linked mannosides are not well tolerated by the catalytic site of dGMII led to the synthesis of a pentasaccharide containing the alpha(1,6)-linked Man of the natural substrate and the beta(1,2)-linked GlcNAc moiety proposed to be accommodated by the extended binding site of the enzyme. A cocrystal structure of this compound with the D204A enzyme revealed the molecular interactions with the beta(1,2)-linked GlcNAc. The structure is consistent with the approximately 80-fold preference of dGMII for the cleavage of substrates containing a nonreducing beta(1,2)-linked GlcNAc. By contrast, the lysosomal mannosidase lacks an equivalent GlcNAc binding site and kinetic analysis indicates oligomannoside substrates without non-reducing-terminal GlcNAc modifications are preferred, suggesting that selective inhibitors for GMII could exploit the additional binding specificity of the GlcNAc binding site.
Collapse
|
49
|
Golgi alpha-mannosidase II cleaves two sugars sequentially in the same catalytic site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9570-5. [PMID: 18599462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802206105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GMII) is a key glycosyl hydrolase in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. It catalyzes the removal of two different mannosyl linkages of GlcNAcMan(5)GlcNAc(2), which is the committed step in complex N-glycan synthesis. Inhibition of this enzyme has shown promise in certain cancers in both laboratory and clinical settings. Here we present the high-resolution crystal structure of a nucleophile mutant of Drosophila melanogaster GMII (dGMII) bound to its natural oligosaccharide substrate and an oligosaccharide precursor as well as the structure of the unliganded mutant. These structures allow us to identify three sugar-binding subsites within the larger active site cleft. Our results allow for the formulation of the complete catalytic process of dGMII, which involves a specific order of bond cleavage, and a major substrate rearrangement in the active site. This process is likely conserved for all GMII enzymes-but not in the structurally related lysosomal mannosidase-and will form the basis for the design of specific inhibitors against GMII.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yamamoto H, Takematsu H, Fujinawa R, Naito Y, Okuno Y, Tsujimoto G, Suzuki A, Kozutsumi Y. Correlation index-based responsible-enzyme gene screening (CIRES), a novel DNA microarray-based method for enzyme gene involved in glycan biosynthesis. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1232. [PMID: 18043739 PMCID: PMC2077928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycan biosynthesis occurs though a multi-step process that requires a variety of enzymes ranging from glycosyltransferases to those involved in cytosolic sugar metabolism. In many cases, glycan biosynthesis follows a glycan-specific, linear pathway. As glycosyltransferases are generally regulated at the level of transcription, assessing the overall transcriptional profile for glycan biosynthesis genes seems warranted. However, a systematic approach for assessing the correlation between glycan expression and glycan-related gene expression has not been reported previously. METHODOLOGY To facilitate genetic analysis of glycan biosynthesis, we sought to correlate the expression of genes involved in cell-surface glycan formation with the expression of the glycans, as detected by glycan-recognizing probes. We performed cross-sample comparisons of gene expression profiles using a newly developed, glycan-focused cDNA microarray. Cell-surface glycan expression profiles were obtained using flow cytometry of cells stained with plant lectins. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for these profiles and were used to identify enzyme genes correlated with glycan biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS This method, designated correlation index-based responsible-enzyme gene screening (CIRES), successfully identified genes already known to be involved in the biosynthesis of certain glycans. Our evaluation of CIRES indicates that it is useful for identifying genes involved in the biosynthesis of glycan chains that can be probed with lectins using flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Naito
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Department of PharmacoInformatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kozutsumi
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|