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Tan K, Zheng H. Endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis capability in commercially important mollusks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2836-2844. [PMID: 33354986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mollusks are excellent dietary sources for LC-PUFA. However, the main challenge limiting mollusk production is the high mortality rate of molluskan larvae in early life cycle stages. This paper reviews scientific evidences on molecular and biochemical studies of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in commercially important molluskan species. It carefully summarizes the pertinent data published on specific research questions to improve the understanding of the diverse evidences. It is helpful to clarify the current state of research and determine topics for future studies on LC-PUFA biosynthesis in mollusks. From the analysis of published data, mollusks have the ability to biosynthesis LC-PUFA to a certain extent. LC-PUFA biosynthesis information of commercially important molluskan species can be useful to determine the fatty acids essential for their diet. Therefore, specific management strategies or feeds can be developed to strengthen the industry by improving the health and survival rate of molluskan larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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2
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Gao Y, Zheng SC, Zheng CQ, Shi YC, Xie XL, Wang KJ, Liu HP. The immune-related fatty acids are responsive to CO 2 driven seawater acidification in a crustacean brine shrimp Artemia sinica. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:342-347. [PMID: 29288063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The gradual increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, absorbed by the ocean surface water through air to sea equilibration termed ocean acidification (OA), leads to the decline of pH in seawater. It is not clear so far how the composition of fatty acids, particular the immune-related, in marine crustacean and the subsequent energy supply in marine ecosystem are affected by OA. The brine shrimp Artemia sinica is an open and common feed that provide essential fatty acids for mariculture. In this study, the fatty acids profiles of brine shrimp cultured under different lower pH levels of CO2 driven seawater were investigated. The results showed a significant reduction of the proportion of total saturated fatty acids under the pH7.6 within one week. Meanwhile, the percentage of total monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly decreased at day 14 under pH7.8, and this percentage gave a significant increase of proportion within one week under pH7.6. Furthermore, the relative content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was found to be clearly increased with exposure to different seawater acidification at day 1, suggesting that the brine shrimp immune response was likely to be affected by acidified seawater as the PUFAs have been well known to be involved in immunomodulatory effects through alterations on cell membrane fluidity/lipid mediators and gene expression of cell signaling pathways. Notably, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which have essential effect on various physiological processes such as inflammatory cytokines production and cell structural stability, were strongly increased under two lower pH treatments within one week and with the significant increase at day 1 under pH7.6. These data clearly supported the hypothesis that OA might affect fatty acids composition, likely also the innate immunity, in crustacean and the subsequent energy transfer by food-chain system in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shu-Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chao-Qun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue-Chen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China.
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Bartsch MR, Bartsch LA, Richardson WB, Vallazza JM, Moraska Lafrancois B. Effects of food resources on the fatty acid composition, growth and survival of freshwater mussels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173419. [PMID: 28267810 PMCID: PMC5340365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased nutrient and sediment loading in rivers have caused observable changes in algal community composition, and thereby, altered the quality and quantity of food resources available to native freshwater mussels. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between nutrient conditions and mussel food quality and examine the effects on fatty acid composition, growth and survival of juvenile mussels. Juvenile Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea were deployed in cages for 28 d at four riverine and four lacustrine sites in the lower St. Croix River, Minnesota/Wisconsin, USA. Mussel foot tissue and food resources (four seston fractions and surficial sediment) were analyzed for quantitative fatty acid (FA) composition. Green algae were abundant in riverine sites, whereas cyanobacteria were most abundant in the lacustrine sites. Mussel survival was high (95%) for both species. Lampsilis cardium exhibited lower growth relative to L. siliquoidea (p <0.0001), but growth of L. cardium was not significantly different across sites (p = 0.13). In contrast, growth of L. siliquoidea was significantly greater at the most upstream riverine site compared to the lower three lacustrine sites (p = 0.002). In situ growth of Lampsilis siliquoidea was positively related to volatile solids (10 – 32 μm fraction), total phosphorus (<10 and 10 – 32 μm fractions), and select FA in the seston (docosapentaeonic acid, DPA, 22:5n3; 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic, 22:5n6; arachidonic acid, ARA, 20:4n6; and 24:0 in the <10 and 10 – 32 μm fractions). Our laboratory feeding experiment also indicated high accumulation ratios for 22:5n3, 22:5n6, and 20:4n6 in mussel tissue relative to supplied algal diet. In contrast, growth of L. siliquiodea was negatively related to nearly all FAs in the largest size fraction (i.e., >63 μm) of seston, including the bacterial FAs, and several of the FAs associated with sediments. Reduced mussel growth was observed in L. siliquoidea when the abundance of cyanobacteria exceeded 9% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Areas dominated by cyanobacteria may not provide sufficient food quality to promote or sustain mussel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Bartsch
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lynn A. Bartsch
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William B. Richardson
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jon M. Vallazza
- United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Ventrella V, Pagliarani A, Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pirini M. Dietary enhancement of selected fatty acid biosynthesis in the digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:973-981. [PMID: 23298257 DOI: 10.1021/jf304505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the digestive gland from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis subjected to three different dietary regimens for 30 days was analyzed. Samples were collected at the beginning and end of the trial to obtain a comprehensive picture of fatty acid dynamics. Group A was unfed; group B received a diet consisting of 100% Thalassiosira weissflogii and, thus, similar to natural food; and group C received a diet consisting of 100% wheat germ conferring a 18:2ω-6 abundance. Results indicate that fatty acid composition of lipid and phospholipid classes was affected by dietary treatments. However, adult mussel homeostatic skills minimized effects, and thus, only wheat germ diet deeply modified the fatty acid composition. Furthermore, in group C, the occurrence of the non-methylene-interrupted trienoic fatty acids was indicative of de novo fatty acid synthesis presumably because of active fatty acid elongation and Δ5 desaturation system, also supported by the general ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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SUPRAYUDI MUHAMMADAGUS, TAKEUCHI TOSHIO, HAMASAKI KATSUYUKI. Phospholipids Effect on Survival and Molting Synchronicity of Larvae Mud Crab Scylla serrata. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.19.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Dutra BK, Castiglioni DS, Santos RB, Bond-Buckup G, Oliveira GT. Seasonal variations of the energy metabolism of two sympatric species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Dogielinotidae) in the southern Brazilian highlands. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 148:239-47. [PMID: 17532243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms exist in a constantly fluctuating habitat, with changes in photoperiod, temperature, pH, dissolved organic content, dissolved oxygen and food supply. Organisms must alter past of their physiological and biochemical processes to cope with these changes. We compared the effect of seasonal variations in factors related to energy metabolism of two species of sympatric amphipods, Hyalella pleoacuta and Hyalella castroi. The animals were collected monthly from April 2004 through March 2006. Contents of glycogen, proteins, lipids, triglycerides and the levels of lipoperoxidation were determined in males and females throughout the year by using spectrophotometric methods. Observations revealed significant seasonal differences in biochemical composition, as well as differences among sexes and species. Environmental conditions (e.g., trophic conditions) and reproduction are supposed to be the main processes influencing the seasonal patterns of variation in biochemical composition. Both species of Hyalella show ecological and behavioral differences, especially by resources such as food, space and seasonal variations of energy metabolism, which might facilitate their coexistence in the same habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Dutra
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, PUCRS, Brazil
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Pirini M, Manuzzi MP, Pagliarani A, Trombetti F, Borgatti AR, Ventrella V. Changes in fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk) fed on microalgal and wheat germ diets. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:616-26. [PMID: 17482494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acid incorporation and changes in various lipid and phospholipid classes in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis subjected to three different dietary regimens were analysed and compared. Group A was unfed; group B received a diet consisting of 100% Thalassiosira weissflogii, exhibiting the typical fatty acid composition of diatoms, and group C received a diet consisting of 100% wheat germ conferring a 18:2:n-6 abundance. Biochemical analyses of diets and mussels were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the 30-day experimental period. Starvation and T. weissflogii based diet poorly affected mussel growth and fatty acid composition which remained unchanged. On the contrary, the wheat germ-based diet increased the condition index and deeply affected the fatty acid profile of all lipid and phospholipid classes. The high dietary 18:2n-6 level drastically reduced tissue content of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. The biosynthesis of Non Methylene Interrupted (NMI) dienoic fatty acid appeared to be insensitive to the high input of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 respectively from diet B and C, and to the PUFA shortage of diet C. Nevertheless the two NMI trienoic derivatives, 20:3Delta5,11,14 and 22:3Delta7,13 16, were found higher in C with respect to other groups, presumably due to the high 18:2n-6 content of this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pirini
- Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi, Sezione di Biochimica Veterinaria, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Oliveira GT, Fernandes FA, Bueno AAP, Bond-Buckup G. Seasonal variations in the intermediate metabolism of Aegla platensis (Crustacea, Aeglidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:600-606. [PMID: 17020810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of circadian and seasonal fluctuations on the intermediate metabolism of the freshwater crustacean Aegla platensis. Individuals were collected each month, at 6:00 h, 12:00 h and 18:00 h, between August 1999 and June 2002 in the Municipality of Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29 degrees 30'0.2''S and 50 degrees 46'50''W). Anomuran crabs were separated by sex, and samples of haemolymph, hepatopancreas, abdominal muscle, and gills were collected for quantification of glucose, proteins, lipids, triglycerides, and glycogen. No variations were observed in the analyzed metabolic parameters for the different tissues during the different times of day, either for males or females. However, the storage and use of the energetic substrates analyzed did fluctuate seasonally. These results suggest an increase in energy demand, possibly for the production of gametes during summer, incubation and egg laying during autumn and winter, and parental care during spring and summer, respectively. A similar pattern has been observed for other crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Oliveira
- Faculdade de Biociências, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, PUCRS, BR, Brazil
| | - F A Fernandes
- Faculdade de Biociências, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, PUCRS, BR, Brazil
| | - A A P Bueno
- Departamento de Zoologia e PPG Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, BR, Brazil
| | - G Bond-Buckup
- Departamento de Zoologia e PPG Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, BR, Brazil.
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Ferreira BDP, Hack C, Oliveira GTD, Bond-Buckup G. Perfil metabólico de Aegla platensis Schmitt, (Crustacea, Aeglidae, Anomura) submetida a dietas ricas em carboidratos ou proteínas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81752005000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma dieta rica em carboidratos e uma dieta rica em proteínas sobre o metabolismo de Aegla platensis, um caranguejo anomuro de água doce. Os animais foram coletados no Arroio do Mineiro, município de Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, em agosto/2002 e janeiro/2003, e foram alimentados durante 15 dias com carne bovina crua e arroz branco, em aquários aerados. O fotoperíodo foi controlado: 12 horas claro - 12 horas escuro. Glicose, proteínas, lipídios e triglicerídios foram dosados na hemolinfa; glicogênio e lipídios foram dosados no hepatopâncreas, brânquias e músculo. Em Aegla platensis, mantida em condições de laboratório, em todos os tecidos estudados pode ser observado que o aporte regular de alimento, bem como o tipo de dieta administrada determinaram um perfil diferenciado de resposta metabólica entre os sexos e o período de realização dos experimentos (inverno e verão).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Hack
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Ando Y, Oomi Y, Narukawa K. Regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols of Artemia franciscana nauplii enriched with fatty acid ethyl esters. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 133:191-9. [PMID: 12381381 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols (TAG) of Artemia franciscana nauplii enriched with each of palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), linolenic (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acid ethyl esters. TAG extracted from the enriched and unenriched nauplii were subjected to regiospecific analysis to determine the fatty acid compositions of the sn-1(3) and sn-2 positions of TAG. In the unenriched nauplii, 16:0, 18:1n-9, and 18:2n-6 were preferentially located in the sn-1(3) position followed by the sn-2 position [i.e. sn-1(3)>sn-2], whereas 18:3n-3 was concentrated in the sn-2 position [i.e. sn-2>sn-1(3)]. Contents of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were low. After the nauplii were enriched with each of the ethyl esters for 18 h, fatty acid fed to the nauplii showed higher content in the sn-1(3) position than in the sn-2 position [i.e. sn-1(3)>sn-2]. Distribution pattern of 18:3n-3 changed from sn-2>sn-1(3) to sn-1(3)>sn-2 during the enrichment with 18:3n-3 ethyl ester. Increases in all of the fatty acids in TAG were attributed to that in the sn-1(3) position much more than that in the sn-2 position. Artemia nauplii appear to be characterized by preferential incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the sn-1(3) position of TAG, even though endogenous fatty acids are esterified in the opposite position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ando
- Laboratory of Bioresources Chemistry, Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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Ando Y, Oomi Y. Positional distribution of highly unsaturated fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols of Artemia nauplii enriched with docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester. Lipids 2001; 36:733-40. [PMID: 11521972 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) of Artemia nauplii used in aquaculture as a live food for marine fish larvae. The nauplii were enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl ester (EE) in the form of gelatin-acacia microcapsules for 4, 18, and 24 h. TAG of the initial, enriched, and unenriched Artemia nauplii were subjected to stereospecific analysis. A remarkable increase of DHA content in the enriched Artemia TAG confirmed the view that DHA-EE is effectively assimilated and incorporated into the TAG fraction of Artemia nauplii. TAG of the nauplii enriched with 25 mg/L of DHA-EE contained DHA at concentrations of 5.9-6.8, 4.3-6.0, and 14.3-22.3 mol% in the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. When the nauplii were enriched with 100 mg/L of DHA-EE, proportions of DHA in the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions were 5.2-8.6, 3.9-6.0, and 12.2-25.4 mol%, respectively. In all of the enriched Artemia, DHA was preferentially located in the sn-3 position followed in sequence by the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The lower content of DHA in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions was consistent with low content of this acid in 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerophospholipids. When fish larvae are reared on Artemia nauplii enriched with EE-type DHA oil, the larvae feed on DHA esterified in TAG with a positional distribution pattern similar to that of marine mammals (sn-3 >> sn-1 > sn-2) rather than that of fish or marine invertebrates (sn-2 >> sn-3 > sn-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ando
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
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