1
|
Iguchi A, Iijima M, Mizusawa N, Ohno Y, Yasumoto K, Suzuki A, Suga S, Tanaka K, Zaitsu K. Single-polyp metabolomics for coral health assessment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3369. [PMID: 38443414 PMCID: PMC10914721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems supported by environmentally sensitive reef-building corals face serious threats from human activities. Our understanding of these reef threats is hampered by the lack of sufficiently sensitive coral environmental impact assessment systems. In this study, we established a platform for metabolomic analysis at the single-coral-polyp level using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (probe electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry; PESI/MS/MS) capable of fine-scale analysis. We analyzed the impact of the organic UV filter, benzophenone (BP), which has a negative impact on corals. We also analyzed ammonium and nitrate samples, which affect the environmental sensitivity of coral-zooxanthella (Symbiodiniaceae) holobionts, to provide new insights into coral biology with a focus on metabolites. The method established in this study breaks new ground by combining PESI/MS/MS with a technique for coral polyps that can control the presence or absence of zooxanthellae in corals, enabling functions of zooxanthellae to be assessed on a polyp-by-polyp basis for the first time. This system will clarify biological mechanisms of corals and will become an important model system for environmental impact assessment using marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iguchi
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
- Research Laboratory on Environmentally-Conscious Developments and Technologies [E-Code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan.
| | - Mariko Iijima
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Nanami Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ohno
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Research Laboratory on Environmentally-Conscious Developments and Technologies [E-Code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Shunichi Suga
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18, Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18, Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-Data Analytics Laboratory (MiWA-Lab.), Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vencato S, Montano S, Saliu F, Coppa S, Becchi A, Liotta I, Valente T, Cocca M, Matiddi M, Camedda A, Massaro G, Seveso D, Lasagni M, Galli P, de Lucia GA. Phthalate levels in common sea anemone Actinia equina and Anemonia viridis: A proxy of short-term microplastic interaction? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116125. [PMID: 38359481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely employed plasticizers blended to plastic polymers that, during plastic aging and weathering are prone to leach in the surrounding environment. Thus, phthalates were proposed to indirectly evaluate MPs contamination in marine environments, with still uncertain and scarce data, particularly for wildlife. This study investigates simultaneously microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs) occurrence in wild Actinia equina and Anemonia viridis, two common and edible sea anemone species. Both species had a 100 % frequency of MPs occurrence, with similar average concentrations. PAEs were detected in 70 % of samples, with concentrations up to 150 ng/g in A. equina and 144.3 ng/g for A. viridis. MPs and PAEs present in sea anemone tissues appear to reflect seawater plastic contamination conditions in the study area. Given the rapid biodegradation of PAEs, occurrence and concentrations of both these additives and their metabolites could be useful tracers of short-term plastic debris-biota interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vencato
- CNR-IAS, National Research Council - Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Montano
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Francesco Saliu
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Coppa
- CNR-IAS, National Research Council - Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Becchi
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Immacolata Liotta
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso Valente
- ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; La Sapienza' University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Cocca
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Matiddi
- ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Camedda
- CNR-IAS, National Research Council - Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Massaro
- CNR-IAS, National Research Council - Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Davide Seveso
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Marina Lasagni
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Galli
- DISAT, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Giuseppe Andrea de Lucia
- CNR-IAS, National Research Council - Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun F, Yang H, Zhang X, Tan F, Wang G, Shi Q. Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of the effect of bleaching on unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathways in coral symbionts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169487. [PMID: 38142991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are known to play a vital role in regulating stress resistance and metabolism in corals. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the microbial and functional composition of the UFA synthesis pathway (UFASP) remains lacking. This study employed metagenome and metabolome to investigate the microbial community, function, and metabolic response of UFASP in reef-building corals inhabiting the Nansha Islands. Our findings revealed significantly higher diversity for the UFASP microbe in bleached corals compared to unbleached corals. Furthermore, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and taxonomy assessments exhibited notable distinctions in the microbe between the two coral states. Notably, the dominant microorganisms involved in UFASP were Dinophyceae, Sordariomycetes, Ulvophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. Bleaching resulted in a considerable increase in fungal abundance within coral symbionts. A total of 12 KEGG Orthology (KO) were identified in UFASP, with PCoA analysis indicating significant differences in their abundance between bleached and unbleached corals. UFASP's beta-Oxidation module exhibited reduced abundance in bleached corals. Contribution analysis highlighted the participation of Symbiodiniaceae, Ascomycota, Chlorophyta, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in UFASP. Notably, Symbiodiniaceae and Ascomycota were the major contributors to two UFASP modules, with the latter displaying greater involvement in bleached corals. Furthermore, significant differences in n3 and n6-family metabolites were observed between bleached and unbleached corals. Notably, bleaching induced a reduction in metabolites of Symbiodiniaceae, while an increase in the multiple UFAs abundance was detected in bleached corals. These findings suggest that bleaching-induced alterations coral symbionts composition directly impact the functionality of UFASP, ultimately affecting the corals' capacity to adapt to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China.
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imbs AB, Dembitsky VM. Coral Lipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:539. [PMID: 37888474 PMCID: PMC10608786 DOI: 10.3390/md21100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, many of which are poised to revolutionize the domains of pharmacology and medicine. This exhaustive review delves deeply into the multifaceted world of coral-derived lipids, highlighting both ubiquitous and rare forms. Within this spectrum, we navigate through a myriad of fatty acids and their acyl derivatives, encompassing waxes, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, mono-akyl-diacylglycerols, and an array of polar lipids such as betaine lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and phosphonolipids. We offer a comprehensive exploration of the intricate biochemical variety of these lipids, related fatty acids, prostaglandins, and both cyclic and acyclic oxilipins. Additionally, the review provides insights into the chemotaxonomy of these compounds, illuminating the fatty acid synthesis routes inherent in corals. Of particular interest is the symbiotic bond many coral species nurture with dinoflagellates from the Symbiodinium group; their lipid and fatty acid profiles are also detailed in this discourse. This exploration accentuates the vast potential and intricacy of coral lipids and underscores their profound relevance in scientific endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sikorskaya TV. Coral Lipidome: Molecular Species of Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Betaine Lipids, and Sphingophosphonolipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:335. [PMID: 37367660 DOI: 10.3390/md21060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems in the world's oceans. Coral establishes complex interactions with various microorganisms that constitute an important part of the coral holobiont. The best-known coral endosymbionts are Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Each member of the coral microbiome contributes to its total lipidome, which integrates many molecular species. The present study summarizes available information on the molecular species of the plasma membrane lipids of the coral host and its dinoflagellates (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramideaminoethylphosphonate, and diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine), and the thylakoid membrane lipids of dinoflagellates (phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and glycolipids). Alkyl chains of PC and PE molecular species differ between tropical and cold-water coral species, and features of their acyl chains depend on the coral's taxonomic position. PS and PI structural features are associated with the presence of an exoskeleton in the corals. The dinoflagellate thermosensitivity affects the profiles of PG and glycolipid molecular species, which can be modified by the coral host. Coral microbiome members, such as bacteria and fungi, can also be the source of the alkyl and acyl chains of coral membrane lipids. The lipidomics approach, providing broader and more detailed information about coral lipid composition, opens up new opportunities in the study of biochemistry and ecology of corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Similarities in biomass and energy reserves among coral colonies from contrasting reef environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1355. [PMID: 36693980 PMCID: PMC9873650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are declining worldwide, yet some coral populations are better adapted to withstand reductions in pH and the rising frequency of marine heatwaves. The nearshore reef habitats of Palau, Micronesia are a proxy for a future of warmer, more acidic oceans. Coral populations in these habitats can resist, and recover from, episodes of thermal stress better than offshore conspecifics. To explore the physiological basis of this tolerance, we compared tissue biomass (ash-free dry weight cm-2), energy reserves (i.e., protein, total lipid, carbohydrate content), and several important lipid classes in six coral species living in both offshore and nearshore environments. In contrast to expectations, a trend emerged of many nearshore colonies exhibiting lower biomass and energy reserves than colonies from offshore sites, which may be explained by the increased metabolic demand of living in a warmer, acidic, environment. Despite hosting different dinoflagellate symbiont species and having access to contrasting prey abundances, total lipid and lipid class compositions were similar in colonies from each habitat. Ultimately, while the regulation of colony biomass and energy reserves may be influenced by factors, including the identity of the resident symbiont, kind of food consumed, and host genetic attributes, these independent processes converged to a similar homeostatic set point under different environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Immunolocalization of Metabolite Transporter Proteins in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0041222. [PMID: 35678605 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00412-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional nutrient flow between partners is integral to the cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. However, our current knowledge of the transporter proteins that regulate nutrient and metabolite trafficking is nascent. Four transmembrane transporters that likely play an important role in interpartner nitrogen and carbon exchange were investigated with immunocytochemistry in the model sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ("Aiptasia"; strain NZ1): ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1), V-type proton ATPase (VHA), facilitated glucose transporter member 8 (GLUT8), and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). Anemones lacking symbionts were compared with those in symbiosis with either their typical, homologous dinoflagellate symbiont, Breviolum minutum, or the heterologous species, Durusdinium trenchii and Symbiodinium microadriaticum. AMT1 and VHA were only detected in symbiotic Aiptasia, irrespective of symbiont type. However, GLUT8 and AQP3 were detected in both symbiotic and aposymbiotic states. All transporters were localized to both the epidermis and gastrodermis, though localization patterns in host tissues were heavily influenced by symbiont identity, with S. microadriaticum-colonized anemones showing the most distinct patterns. These patterns suggested disruption of fixed carbon and inorganic nitrogen fluxes when in symbiosis with heterologous versus homologous symbionts. This study enhances our understanding of nutrient transport and host-symbiont integration, while providing a platform for further investigation of nutrient transporters and the host-symbiont interface in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. IMPORTANCE Coral reefs are in serious decline, in particular due to the thermally induced dysfunction of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis that underlies their success. Yet our ability to react to this crisis is hindered by limited knowledge of how this symbiosis functions. Indeed, we still have much to learn about the cellular integration that determines whether a particular host-symbiont combination can persist, and hence whether corals might be able to adapt by acquiring new, more thermally resistant symbionts. Here, we employed immunocytochemistry to localize and quantify key nutrient transporters in tissues of the sea anemone Aiptasia, a globally adopted model system for this symbiosis, and compared the expression of these transporters when the host is colonized by native versus nonnative symbionts. We showed a clear link between transporter expression and symbiont identity, elucidating the cellular events that dictate symbiosis success, and we provide a methodological platform for further examination of cellular integration in this ecologically important symbiosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Luter HM, Pineda MC, Ricardo G, Francis DS, Fisher R, Jones R. Assessing the risk of light reduction from natural sediment resuspension events and dredging activities in an inshore turbid reef environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112536. [PMID: 34126443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in benthic light from natural sediment resuspension events, dredging activities and clouds was quantified over multiple time periods (days to weeks) from a 3-year in-situ field study in the inshore turbid-zone coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef. The results were then used to examine the tolerance levels of three coral species and a sponge to light reduction and associated changes in spectral light quality (in conjunction with elevated sediment concentrations) in a 28-day laboratory-based study. All species survived the exposures but sub-lethal responses involving changes in pigmentation, lipids and lipid ratios were observed. A pocilloporid coral was the most sensitive taxon, with a 28-d EC10 value for bleaching (dissociation of the symbiosis) of 2.7 mol photons m2 d-1. The possibility of such light reduction levels occurring naturally and/or during maintenance dredging activities was then examined using the 3-year in-situ field study as part of a risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard Ricardo
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - Ross Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute University of Western Australia, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ermolenko EV, Sikorskaya TV. Lipidome of the reef-building coral Acropora cerealis: Changes under thermal stress. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Cirino L, Tsai S, Wen ZH, Wang LH, Chen HK, Cheng JO, Lin C. Lipid profiling in chilled coral larvae. Cryobiology 2021; 102:56-67. [PMID: 34329639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are disappearing worldwide as a result of several harmful human activities. The establishment of cryobanks can secure a future for these ecosystems. To design effective cryopreservation protocols, basic proprieties such as chilling tolerance and lipid content must be assessed. In the present study, we investigated chilling sensitivity and the effect of chilling exposure on the lipid content and composition of larvae belonging to 2 common Indo-Pacific corals: Seriatopora caliendrum and Pocillopora verrucosa. The viability of coral larvae incubated with 0.5, 1, and 2 M ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), methanol, or glycerol and kept at 5 °C for different time periods was documented. In addition, we investigated the content of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), wax ester (WE), sterol ester (SE), lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and several fatty acid (FA) classes in coral propagules incubated with 1 M PG or EG and kept at 5 °C for 6 h. Moreover, we examined seasonal changes in the aforementioned lipid classes in coral larvae. S. caliendrum incubated with 0.5 M PG or Me2SO and chilled for 2 h exhibited a viability rate of 11 ± 11%, whereas P. verrucosa exhibited a viability rate of 22 ± 14% after being chilled for 4 h. Furthermore, the results indicated that chilling exposure did not affect the content of any investigated lipid class in either species. The higher concentration of SE in P. verrucosa compared to S. caliendrum larvae may have contributed to the different cryotolerance displayed by the 2 larval species. A year-round lipid analysis of both coral larvae species revealed trends of homeoviscous adaptation and seasonal enhancement of lipid fluxes from symbionts to the host. During winter, the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio significantly increased, and P. verrucosa larvae exhibited an averagely decrease in FA chain lengths. During spring and summer, intracellular lipid content in the form of TAGs and WEs significantly increased in both species, and the average content of Symbiodiniaceae-derived FAs increased in P. verrucosa larvae. We concluded that the low cryotolerance displayed by S. caliendrum and P. verrucosa larvae is attributable to their chilling-sensitive membrane lipid profile and the high intracellular lipid content provided by their endosymbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cirino
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Post Modern Agriculture, Mingdao University, Chang Hua, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yai-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sikorskaya TV, Imbs AB. Coral Lipidomes and Their Changes during Coral Bleaching. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Saliu F, Montano S, Lasagni M, Galli P. Biocompatible solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of phthalates in marine invertebrate. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Sturaro N, Hsieh YE, Chen Q, Wang PL, Denis V. Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8663. [PMID: 31802564 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen is a powerful tool in many ecological studies, but different sample treatments may affect stable isotope ratios and hamper comparisons among studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatments that are commonly used to prepare scleractinian coral samples for stable isotope analysis yield different δ15 N and δ13 C values, and to provide guidelines toward a standardised protocol. METHODS The animal tissues and Symbiodiniaceae of two symbiotic scleractinian coral species (Stylophora pistillata and Porites lutea) were divided into subsamples to test the effects of the drying method, lipid extraction, acidification treatment and water washing. All the subsamples were analysed for their δ15 N and δ13 C values, using continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS The drying method and lipid extraction treatment had no substantial effects on the δ15 N and δ13 C values of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues. Acid treatment did cause significant differences in δ13 C values (mean differences ≤0.5‰, with individual samples becoming up to 2.0‰ more negative), whereas no ecologically significant differences were observed in δ15 N values. Animal tissue δ13 C values may vary depending on whether samples are washed or not. CONCLUSIONS To move towards a standardised protocol in coral research, we recommend using an available drying method (as they are equally acceptable) for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals, examining the need for lipid extraction on a case-by-case basis, performing a direct acidification of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues, and avoiding washing animal tissue with distilled water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sturaro
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yunli Eric Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vianney Denis
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jones R, Giofre N, Luter HM, Neoh TL, Fisher R, Duckworth A. Responses of corals to chronic turbidity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4762. [PMID: 32179846 PMCID: PMC7075922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dredging increases suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), causing elevated water turbidity (cloudiness) and light attenuation. Close to dredging, low light periods can extend over many days, affecting phototrophic epibenthic organisms like corals. To improve the ability to predict and manage dredging impacts, we tested the response of corals to an extended period of elevated turbidity using an automated sediment dosing system that precisely controlled SSCs and adjusted light availability accordingly. Replicates of four common species of corals encompassing different morphologies were exposed to turbidity treatments of 0-100 mg L-1 SSC, corresponding to daily light integrals of 12.6 to 0 mol quanta m-2 d-1, over a period of ∼7 weeks. Symbiotic dinoflagellate density and algal pigment concentration, photosynthetic yields, lipid concentrations and ratios and growth varied among the turbidity treatments, with corals exhibiting photoacclimation within low turbidity treatments. A range of physiological responses were observed within the high turbidity treatments (low light), including bleaching and changes in lipid levels and ratios. Most corals, except P. damicornis, were capable of adjusting to a turbidity treatment involving a mean light level of 2.3 mol photons m-2 d-1 in conjunction with a SSC of 10 mg L-1 over the 7 week period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia.
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Natalie Giofre
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tze Loon Neoh
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alan Duckworth
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Conlan JA, Bay LK, Severati A, Humphrey C, Francis DS. Comparing the capacity of five different dietary treatments to optimise growth and nutritional composition in two scleractinian corals. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207956. [PMID: 30485343 PMCID: PMC6261599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an optimal heterotrophic feeding regime has the potential to improve captive coral growth and health. This study evaluated the efficacy of three exogenous diets: Artemia nauplii (ART), a commercially available coral diet (Reef Roids) (RR), and a novel, micro-bound diet (ATF), against a comparatively natural, unfiltered seawater treatment (RAW), and an unfed, ultra-filtered seawater treatment (CTL), in adult Acropora millepora and Pocillopora acuta nubbins. After 90 days, both species showed significantly positive weight gain in response to one treatment (A. millepora-RAW, P. acuta-ART), and comparatively low growth in response to another (A. millepora-ATF, P. acuta-RR). The results highlighted substantial differences in the nutritional requirements between species. The nutritional composition of A. millepora in the best performing treatment was dominated by high-energy materials such as storage lipids and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the P. acuta nutritional profile in the superior treatment showed a predominance of structural materials, including protein, phospholipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrates that Artemia nauplii can successfully replace a natural feeding regime for captive P. acuta, yet highlights the considerable work still required to optimise supplementary feeding regimes for A. millepora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Conlan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Line K. Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea Severati
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig Humphrey
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rosa IC, Rocha RJM, Cruz I, Lopes A, Menezes N, Bandarra N, Kikuchi R, Serôdio J, Soares AMVM, Rosa R. Effect of tidal environment on the trophic balance of mixotrophic hexacorals using biochemical profile and photochemical performance as indicators. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 135:55-62. [PMID: 29397993 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of environmental factors in intertidal habitats can disrupt the trophic balance of mixotrophic cnidarians. We investigated the effect of tidal environments (subtidal, tidal pools and emerged areas) on fatty acid (FA) content of Zoanthus sociatus and Siderastrea stellata. Effect on photophysiology was also accessed as an autotrophy proxy. There was a general tendency of a lower percentage of zooplankton-associated FAs in colonies from emerged areas or tidal pools when compared with colonies from the subtidal environment. Moreover, tidal environment significantly affected the photophysiology of both species. Colonies from the subtidal generally showed lower values of α, ETRmax and Ek when compared with their conspecifics from tidal pools or emerged areas. However, the absence of consistent patterns in Fv/Fm and in dinoflagellate-associated FAs, suggest that these corals are well adapted to intertidal conditions. This suggests that intertidal pressures may disturb the trophic balance, mainly by affecting heterotrophy of these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Igor Cruz
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanógrafo, 191, Butantã, 05508120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lopes
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Natália Menezes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Narcisa Bandarra
- Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização (DivAV), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Brasília, Lisbon, 1449-006, Portugal
| | - Ruy Kikuchi
- Laboratório de Recifes de Corais e Mudanças Globais (RECOR), Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Tropical scleractinian corals are dependent to varying degrees on their photosymbiotic partners. Under normal levels of temperature and irradiance, they can provide most, but not all, of the host's nutritional requirements. Heterotrophy is required to adequately supply critical nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. Scleractinian corals are known as mesozooplankton predators, and most employ tentacle capture. The ability to trap nano- and picoplankton has been demonstrated by several coral species and appears to fulfill a substantial proportion of their daily metabolic requirements. The mechanism of capture likely involves mucociliary activity or extracoelenteric digestion, but the relative contribution of these avenues have not been evaluated. Many corals employ mesenterial filaments to procure food in various forms, but the functional morphology and chemical activities of these structures have been poorly documented. Corals are capable of acquiring nutrition from particulate and dissolved organic matter, although the degree of reliance on these sources generally has not been established. Corals, including tropical, deep- and cold-water species, are known as a major source of carbon and other nutrients for benthic communities through the secretion of mucus, despite wide variation in chemical composition. Mucus is cycled through the planktonic microbial loop, the benthos, and the microbial community within the sediments. The consensus indicates that the dissolved organic fraction of mucus usually exceeds the insoluble portion, and both serve as sources for the growth of nano- and picoplankton. As many corals employ mucus to trap food, a portion is taken back during feeding. The net gain or loss has not been evaluated, although production is generally thought to exceed consumption. The same is true for the net uptake and loss of dissolved organic matter by mucus secretion. Octocorals are thought not to employ mucus capture or mesenterial filaments during feeding and generally rely on tentacular filtration of weakly swimming mesozooplankton, particulates, dissolved organic matter, and picoplankton. Nonsymbiotic species in the tropics favor phytoplankton and weakly swimming zooplankton. Azooxanthellate soft corals are opportunistic feeders and shift their diet according to the season from phyto- and nanoplankton in summer to primarily particulate organic matter (POM) in winter. Cold-water species favor POM, phytodetritus, microplankton, and larger zooplankton when available. Antipatharians apparently feed on mesozooplankton but also use mucus nets, possibly for capture of POM. Feeding modes in this group are poorly known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Goldberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kitchen SA, Poole AZ, Weis VM. Sphingolipid Metabolism of a Sea Anemone Is Altered by the Presence of Dinoflagellate Symbionts. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2017; 233:242-254. [PMID: 29553817 DOI: 10.1086/695846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In host-microbe interactions, signaling lipids function in interpartner communication during both the establishment and maintenance of associations. Previous evidence suggests that sphingolipids play a role in the mutualistic cnidarian-Symbiodinium symbiosis. Exogenously applied sphingolipids have been shown to alter this partnership, though endogenous host regulation of sphingolipids by the sphingosine rheostat under different symbiotic conditions has not been characterized. The rheostat regulates levels of pro-survival sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and pro-apoptotic sphingosine (Sph) through catalytic activities of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and S1P phosphatase (SGPP). The role of the rheostat in recognition and establishment of cnidarian-Symbiodinium symbiosis was investigated in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida by measuring gene expression, protein levels, and sphingolipid metabolites in symbiotic, aposymbiotic, and newly recolonized anemones. Comparison of two host populations showed that symbiotic animals from one population had lower SGPP gene expression and Sph lipid concentrations compared to aposymbiotic animals, while the other population had higher S1P concentrations than their aposymbiotic counterparts. In both populations, the host rheostat trended toward host cell survival in the presence of symbionts. Furthermore, upregulation of both rheostat enzymes on the first day of host recolonization by symbionts suggests a role for the rheostat in host-symbiont recognition during symbiosis onset. Collectively, these data suggest a regulatory role of sphingolipid signaling in cnidarian-Symbiodinium symbiosis and symbiont uptake.
Collapse
Key Words
- Ct, cycle threshold
- GMP, Gisele Muller-Parker population
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern
- NSL, no symbionts + light treatment group
- S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SD, symbionts + dark treatment group
- SGPP, sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase
- SL, symbionts + light treatment group
- SPHK, sphingosine kinase
- Sph, sphingosine
- VWA, Weis Lab population A
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- rt, room temperature
Collapse
|
19
|
Conlan JA, Rocker MM, Francis DS. A comparison of two common sample preparation techniques for lipid and fatty acid analysis in three different coral morphotypes reveals quantitative and qualitative differences. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3645. [PMID: 28785524 PMCID: PMC5544933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are involved in a host of biochemical and physiological processes in corals. Therefore, changes in lipid composition reflect changes in the ecology, nutrition, and health of corals. As such, accurate lipid extraction, quantification, and identification is critical to obtain comprehensive insight into a coral’s condition. However, discrepancies exist in sample preparation methodology globally, and it is currently unknown whether these techniques generate analogous results. This study compared the two most common sample preparation techniques for lipid analysis in corals: (1) tissue isolation by air-spraying and (2) crushing the coral in toto. Samples derived from each preparation technique were subsequently analysed to quantify lipids and their constituent classes and fatty acids in four common, scleractinian coral species representing three distinct morphotypes (Acropora millepora, Montipora crassotuberculata, Porites cylindrica, and Pocillopora damicornis). Results revealed substantial amounts of organic material, including lipids, retained in the skeletons of all species following air-spraying, causing a marked underestimation of total lipid concentration using this method. Moreover, lipid class and fatty acid compositions between the denuded skeleton and sprayed tissue were substantially different. In particular, the majority of the total triacylglycerol and total fatty acid concentrations were retained in the skeleton (55–69% and 56–64%, respectively). As such, the isolated, sprayed tissue cannot serve as a reliable proxy for lipid quantification or identification in the coral holobiont. The in toto crushing method is therefore recommended for coral sample preparation prior to lipid analysis to capture the lipid profile of the entire holobiont, permitting accurate diagnoses of coral condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Conlan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa M Rocker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Interactive Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Nutrition on Larval Development for Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Ferrier-Pagès C, Godinot C, D'Angelo C, Wiedenmann J, Grover R. Phosphorus metabolism of reef organisms with algal symbionts. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Godinot
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco; 8 Quai Antoine 1er Monaco
| | - Cecilia D'Angelo
- Coral Reef Laboratory; University of Southampton (Waterfront Campus); European Way SO143ZH Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Wiedenmann
- Coral Reef Laboratory; University of Southampton (Waterfront Campus); European Way SO143ZH Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Renaud Grover
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco; 8 Quai Antoine 1er Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Changes in Sediment Fatty Acid Composition during Passage through the Gut of Deposit Feeding Holothurians: Holothuria atra (Jaeger, 1883) and Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt, 1835). J Lipids 2016; 2016:4579794. [PMID: 27042355 PMCID: PMC4793138 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4579794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers Holothuria atra and Holothuria leucospilota play an important role in the bioturbation of sediment in coral reef and rocky intertidal ecosystems. This study investigated changes in sediment fatty acid (FA) composition during gut passage in H. atra and H. leucospilota. The FA composition did not differ significantly between species. Comparison of FA composition in ambient sediment (AS), foregut (FG), midgut (MG), hindgut (HG), and faecal pellets (FPs) indicated that marked changes in FA composition occurred during passage through the gut of H. atra and H. leucospilota. Saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and branched fatty acids (BrFAs) were significantly higher in FG than in AS, suggesting that both species selectively ingested nutrient rich particles. Significant reduction of SAFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and BrFAs occurred in MD and HD, with complete elimination of most PUFAs in FPs. A decrease in PUFAs 20:5ω3, 18:4ω3, 22:5ω3, 22:6ω3, 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3, 18:3ω6, odd-numbered BrFAs, and MUFA 18:1ω7 indicated that algal detritus and bacteria were important part of diet. These results have implications for the fate of specific dietary FAs, especially ω3 and ω6, and the contribution holothurian FPs make to the FA composition of coral reef and rocky intertidal ecosystems.
Collapse
|
23
|
Revel J, Massi L, Mehiri M, Boutoute M, Mayzaud P, Capron L, Sabourault C. Differential distribution of lipids in epidermis, gastrodermis and hosted Symbiodinium in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 191:140-151. [PMID: 26478191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis mainly relies on nutrient recycling, thus providing both partners with a competitive advantage in nutrient-poor waters. Essential processes related to lipid metabolism can be influenced by various factors, including hyperthermal stress. This can affect the lipid content and distribution in both partners, while contributing to symbiosis disruption and bleaching. In order to gain further insight into the role and distribution of lipids in the cnidarian metabolism, we investigated the lipid composition of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Symbiodinium). We compared the lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the host cellular layers, non-symbiotic epidermal and symbiont-containing gastrodermal cells, and those of Symbiodinium, in a mass spectrometry-based assessment. Lipids were more concentrated in Symbiodinium cells, and the lipid class distribution was dominated by polar lipids in all tissues. The fatty acid distribution between host cell layers and Symbiodinium cells suggested potential lipid transfers between the partners. The lipid composition and distribution was modified during short-term hyperthermal stress, mainly in Symbiodinium cells and gastrodermis. Exposure to elevated temperature rapidly caused a decrease in polar lipid C18 unsaturated fatty acids and a strong and rapid decrease in the abundance of polar lipid fatty acids relative to sterols. These lipid indicators could therefore be used as sensitive biomarkers to assess the physiology of symbiotic cnidarians, especially the effect of thermal stress at the onset of cnidarian bleaching. Overall, the findings of this study provide some insight on key lipids that may regulate maintenance of the symbiotic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana Revel
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR7138, Equipe Symbiose Marine, F-06000 Nice, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7138, F-75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Massi
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, F-06000 Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, F-06000 Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Boutoute
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Laboratoire Océanologique de Villefranche sur Mer, UMR 7093, F-06320 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Mayzaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Laboratoire Océanologique de Villefranche sur Mer, UMR 7093, F-06320 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laure Capron
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, F-06000 Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Sabourault
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR7138, Equipe Symbiose Marine, F-06000 Nice, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7138, F-75005 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The most diverse marine ecosystems, coral reefs, depend upon a functional symbiosis between a cnidarian animal host (the coral) and intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this endosymbiosis are not well understood, in part because of the difficulties of experimental work with corals. The small sea anemone Aiptasia provides a tractable laboratory model for investigating these mechanisms. Here we report on the assembly and analysis of the Aiptasia genome, which will provide a foundation for future studies and has revealed several features that may be key to understanding the evolution and function of the endosymbiosis. These features include genomic rearrangements and taxonomically restricted genes that may be functionally related to the symbiosis, aspects of host dependence on alga-derived nutrients, a novel and expanded cnidarian-specific family of putative pattern-recognition receptors that might be involved in the animal-algal interactions, and extensive lineage-specific horizontal gene transfer. Extensive integration of genes of prokaryotic origin, including genes for antimicrobial peptides, presumably reflects an intimate association of the animal-algal pair also with its prokaryotic microbiome.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fatty Acid, Lipid Class, and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Soft Coral Xenia sp. (Nha Trang Bay, the South China Sea, Vietnam). Lipids 2015; 50:575-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6021-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Garrett TA, Schmeitzel JL, Klein JA, Hwang JJ, Schwarz JA. Comparative lipid profiling of the cnidarian Aiptasia pallida and its dinoflagellate symbiont. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57975. [PMID: 23483956 PMCID: PMC3587569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals and other cnidarians house photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts within membrane-bound compartments inside gastrodermal cells. Nutritional interchanges between the partners produce carbohydrates and lipids for metabolism, growth, energy stores, and cellular structures. Although lipids play a central role in the both the energetics and the structural/morphological features of the symbiosis, previous research has primarily focused on the fatty acid and neutral lipid composition of the host and symbiont. In this study we conducted a mass spectrometry-based survey of the lipidomic changes associated with symbiosis in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida, an important model system for coral symbiosis. Lipid extracts from A. pallida in and out of symbiosis with its symbiont Symbiodinium were prepared and analyzed using negative-ion electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Through this analysis we have identified, by exact mass and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (MS/MS), several classes of glycerophospholipids in A. pallida. Several molecular species of di-acyl phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine as well as 1-alkyl, 2-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidycholine were identified. The 1-alkyl, 2-acyl PEs are acid sensitive suggestive that they are plasmalogen PEs possessing a double bond at the 1-position of the alkyl linked chain. In addition, we identified several molecular species of phosphonosphingolipids called ceramide aminoethylphosphonates in anemone lipid extracts by the release of a characteristic negative product ion at m/z 124.014 during MS/MS analysis. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), an anionic lipid often found in photosynthetic organisms, was identified as a prominent component of Symbiodinium lipid extracts. A comparison of anemone lipid profiles revealed a subset of lipids that show dramatic differences in abundance when anemones are in the symbiotic state as compared to the non-symbiotic state. The data generated in this analysis will serve as a resource to further investigate the role of lipids in symbiosis between Symbiodinium and A. pallida.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin C, Wang LH, Meng PJ, Chen CS, Tsai S. Lipid content and composition of oocytes from five coral species: potential implications for future cryopreservation efforts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57823. [PMID: 23469074 PMCID: PMC3585170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the previously documented importance of lipid concentration and composition in the successful cryopreservation of gorgonian corals, these parameters were assessed in oocytes of five species of scleractinian coral; Platygyra daedalea, Echinopora gemmacea, Echinophyllia aspera, Oxypora lacera and Astreopora expansa. Wax esters, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and fatty acids were all measured at detectable levels, and the latter were produced at significantly elevated quantities in E. gemmacea, E. aspera, and O. lacera. On the other hand, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and wax ester were found at significantly higher concentrations in A. expansa oocytes. Triacylglycerol was not present in any species. Interestingly, the total lipid content of oocytes from all five scleractinians was significantly lower than that of oocytes of two gorgonian species, Junceella juncea and Junceella fragilis. As higher total lipid concentrations may be correlated with greater degrees of cellular membrane fluidity at lower temperatures, it stands to reason that gorgonian coral oocytes may be more likely to survive the cryopreservation process than oocytes of scleractinian corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiahsin Lin
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shiarng Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sujune Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, Peetow, Chang Hua, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Temporal fatty acid dynamics of the octocoral Veretillum cynomorium. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 161:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Yuyama I, Watanabe T, Takei Y. Profiling differential gene expression of symbiotic and aposymbiotic corals using a high coverage gene expression profiling (HiCEP) analysis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:32-40. [PMID: 20333427 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Coral generally harbors zooxanthellae (genus Symbiodinium) in the body for mutualistic symbiosis, which favors the host through effects on growth, stress response, and nutrient utilization. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the partners establish and regulate the endosymbiosis. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis in the coral Acropora tenuis using a high coverage gene expression profiling (HiCEP) method, to assess the genes that are involved in the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis. For this purpose, we compared between aposymbiotic juveniles and those inoculated with a cultured monoclonal Symbiodinium species in two different clades (PL-TS-1 or CCMP2467). Among the 765 genes that exhibited different expression profiles between the two groups, 462 were upregulated and 303 downregulated by the symbiosis with somewhat variable responses to the two different symbionts. Among the responsive genes, we could annotate 33 genes by bioinformatic analyses and confirmed that their expression is actually altered in the same direction in the symbiotic individuals using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analyses of the annotated genes indicate that they are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, intracellular signal transduction, and membrane transport of ions in the host corals as expected from the endosymbiosis of zooxanthellae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Yuyama
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-8639, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsape K, Sinanoglou VJ, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S. Comparative analysis of the fatty acid and sterol profiles of widely consumed Mediterranean crustacean species. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
32
|
Occurrence and diversity of lipids in modern coral skeletons. ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
Rezić I, Krstić D, Bokić L. Analysis of waxes on historical samples by thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Fatty acid biomarkers of symbionts and unusual inhibition of tetracosapolyenoic acid biosynthesis in corals (octocorallia). Lipids 2008; 44:325-35. [PMID: 19034546 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven zooxanthellae-free species of octocorals (the genera Acanthogorgia, Acabaria, Chironephthya, Echinogorgia, Menella, Ellisella, and Bebryce) and two zooxanthellate octocorals (the genera Paralemnalia and Rumphella) were examined to elucidate their fatty acid (FA) composition. Arachidonic (about 40% of the total FA) and palmitic acids were predominant in all the species studied. Seven furan FA (F-acids) (up to 9.7%) were identified in the azooxanthellate octocorals. The main F-acids were 14,17-epoxy-15-methyldocosa-14,16-dienoic and 14,17-epoxy-15,16-dimethyldocosa-14,16-dienoic acids. In all specimens of Bebryce studeri, C(25-28) demospongic FA (about 20%) were identified. These FA reflect the presence of a symbiotic sponge in B. studeri and can be used as the specific markers for other corals. A significant difference (P < 0.01) between azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate corals was found for odd-chain and methyl-branched saturated FA, 18:1n-7, and 7-Me-16:1n-10; that indicated the presence of an advanced bacterial community in azooxanthellate corals. The zooxanthellate species were distinguished by significant amounts of 18:3n-6, 18:4n-3, and 16:2n-7 acids, which are proposed as the markers of zooxanthellae in soft corals. Contrary to the normal level of 24:5n-6 (9.4%) and 22:4n-6 (0.6%), unexpected low concentrations of 24:5n-6 (0.4%) accompanied by a high content of 22:4n-6 (up to 11.9%) were detected in some specimens. The presence of an unknown factor in octocorals, specific for n-6 PUFA, which inhibited elongation of 22:4n-6 to 24:4n-6, is conjectured.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sinanoglou VJ, Meimaroglou D, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S. Triacylglycerols and their fatty acid composition in edible Mediterranean molluscs and crustacean. Food Chem 2008; 110:406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Imbs AB, Demidkova DA, Latypov YY, Pham LQ. Application of Fatty Acids for Chemotaxonomy of Reef-Building Corals. Lipids 2007; 42:1035-46. [PMID: 17710463 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen scleractinian species of six coral families (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, Faviidae, Pectiniidae, and Fungiidae) from Vietnam were analyzed for fatty acid (FA) composition. Except for the Poritidae species, total lipids of the corals had the same set of FAs, about 50% of them being unsaturated acids. Some coral families had high levels of characteristic FAs: 20:3(n-6), 20:4(n-3), and 22:6(n-3) in Pocilloporidae; 18:1(n-9) and 22:6(n-3) in Poritidae; and 18:3(n-6) and 22:5(n-3) in Faviidae. For the first time in hexacorals, unsaturated C(24) FAs (24:1(n-9), 24:2(n-6), 24:2(5,9), 24:3(5,9,17), and 24:4(n-3)) were discovered in the Poritidae species. The highest level of 18:1(n-7), odd-chain and branched FAs (7.5% in total) was detected in Sandalolitha robusta. The data obtained on the contents of ten principal C(18)-C(22) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) for the 16 specimens were combined with data on the 19 reef-building coral specimens investigated previously and subjected to multidimensional scale analysis (MSA). The representative coral families (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, Faviidae, Dendrophylliidae, and Milleporidae) were separated by MSA according to the composition of their principal PUFAs. Therefore, PUFAs may serve as chemotaxonomic markers for reef-building corals at the family level. Family-specific compositions of coral zooxanthellae characterized by different PUFA profiles, which affect the PUFA content of whole coral colonies, were supposed to be the probable cause of the discovered chemotaxonomic distinctions between reef-building corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B Imbs
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry, Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo str., 17, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lorenzo M, Brito I, Cueto M, D'Croz L, Darias J. 13C NMR-based empirical rules to determine the configuration of fatty acid butanolides. Novel gamma-dilactones from Pterogorgia spp. Org Lett 2007; 8:5001-4. [PMID: 17048828 DOI: 10.1021/ol061572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diastereomeric gamma-dilactones isolated from Pterogorgia spp allowed the establishment of (13)C NMR-based empirical rules to determine the relative stereochemistry of 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-dihydrofuranones, gamma-lactone moieties ubiquitous in many bioactive synthetic and natural products. An NMR-based method using Pirkle's reagent at low temperature allowed the absolute configuration of the naturally occurring dibutenolides to be unambiguously determined. A biogenetic pathway that involves oxidation of long-chain (C16:0 and C18:0) fatty acids is proposed. [structure: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lorenzo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avenida Astrofísico F. Sanchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Imbs AB, Latyshev NA, Zhukova NV, Dautova TN. Comparison of fatty acid compositions of azooxanthellate Dendronephthya and zooxanthellate soft coral species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:314-21. [PMID: 17644017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ten zooxanthellae-free Dendronephthya species , twelve zooxanthellate soft coral species of the genera Sarcophyton, Lobophytum, Cladiella, Lytophyton, Cespitularia, and Clavularia, and the hermatypic coral Caulastrea tumida were examined for the first time to elucidate the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids. In Dendronephthya species, the main FAs were 20:4n-6, 24:5n-6, 16:0, 18:0, 7-Me-16:1n-10, and 24:6n-3 which amounted on the average to 26.0, 12.7, 12.1, 6.0, 4.8, and 4.0% of the total FA contents, respectively. For zooxanthellate soft corals, the main FAs were 16:0 (25.7%), 20:4n-6 (18.2%), 24:5n-6 (6.2%), and 18:4n-3 (5.6%), as well as 16:2n-7, which amounted up to 11.8% in Sarcophyton aff. crassum. Corals with zooxanthellae had low contents of 24:6n-3. The significant difference (p<0.01) between azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate soft corals was indicated only for 12 of 46 FAs determined. The principal components analysis confirmed that 7-Me-16:1n-10, 17:0, 18:4n-3, 18:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 22:5n-6, 24:5n-6, and 24:6n-3 are useful for chemotaxonomy of Dendronephthya. The azooxanthellate soft corals studied were distinguished by the absence of significant depth-dependent and species-specific variations of FA composition, low content of 16:2n-7, an increased proportion of bacterial FAs, predominance of n-6 FAs connected with active preying, and a high ability for biosynthesis of tetracosapolyenoic FAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B Imbs
- Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Imbs AB, Demina OA, Demidkova DA. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis. Lipids 2006; 41:721-5. [PMID: 17069356 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total lipid, phospholipid, and FA composition and distribution of FA between polar lipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL) were investigated in the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis from the Bering Sea. The total lipids were mostly hydrocarbons and waxes (33.7%) and PL (33.1%). The content of monoalkyldiacylglycerols (9.7%) exceeded the content of TAG (6.7%). PC and PE constituted 31.4% and 25.6% of total phospholipids, respectively. Principal FA were 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 24:5n-6, and 24:6n-3. Most n-6 PUFA (52% of total FA) were associated with the PL fraction; this was especially true for arachidonic and tetracosapentaenoic acids. The NL were enriched with mono-, di-, trienoic, and n-3 PUFA. The variation in EPA levels in both NL and PL suggests an origin of this acid from lipids of diatoms consumed by the corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B Imbs
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bergé JP, Barnathan G. Fatty acids from lipids of marine organisms: molecular biodiversity, roles as biomarkers, biologically active compounds, and economical aspects. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 96:49-125. [PMID: 16566089 DOI: 10.1007/b135782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of their characteristic living environments, marine organisms produce a variety of lipids. Fatty acids constitute the essential part of triglycerides and wax esters, which are the major components of fats and oils. Nevertheless, phospholipids and glycolipids have considerable importance and will be taken into account, especially the latter compounds that excite increasing interest regarding their promising biological activities. Thus, in addition to the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, a great number of various fatty acids occur in marine organisms, e.g. saturated, mono- and diunsaturated, branched, halogenated, hydroxylated, methoxylated, non-methylene-interrupted. Various unprecedented chemical structures of fatty acids, and lipid-containing fatty acids, have recently been discovered, especially from the most primitive animals such as sponges and gorgonians. This review of marine lipidology deals with recent advances in the field of fatty acids since the end of the 1990s. Different approaches will be followed, mainly developing biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems and of chemotaxonomic interest, reporting new structures, especially those with biological activities or biosynthetic interest. An important part of this review will be devoted to the major PUFA, their relevance to health and nutrition, their biosynthesis, their sources (usual and promising) and market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Bergé
- Centre de Nantes, Laboratoire Génie Alimentaire, Département Valorisation des Produits, Institut Français pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), BP21105, 44311 Nantes 03, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hashimoto N, Fujiwara S, Watanabe K, Iguchi K, Tsuzuki M. Localization of clavulons, prostanoids with antitumor activity, within the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis (alcyonacea, clavulariidae): Preparation of a high-purity Symbiodinium faction using a protease and a detergent. Lipids 2003; 38:991-7. [PMID: 14584607 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the localization of clavulones (CV), prostanoids with antitumor activity, in the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis, we developed a method for the isolation of Symbiodinium cells from the coral, i.e., treatment of a coral homogenate with a protease, pronase E, and a detergent, Nonidet P-40. The conditions for the treatment were optimized by monitoring the morphology microscopically and the amount of chlorophyll in the Symbiodinium fraction (SymF) optically. To evaluate the purity of SymF and a Symbiodinium-free coral fraction (CorF), we analyzed them for proteins and lipids using cultivated Symbiodinium as a reference. TLC of lipids revealed that SymF contained a greater amount of glycolipids, whereas CorF comprised mostly phospholipids. SDS-PAGE of proteins in SymF and CorF revealed their distinct profiles. Thus, we could obtain each fraction with high purity; we reached the conclusion that CV and arachidonic acid, their possible precursor, are localized exclusively in the insoluble fraction of host coral cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hashimoto
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Papina M, Meziane T, van Woesik R. Symbiotic zooxanthellae provide the host-coral Montipora digitata with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 135:533-7. [PMID: 12831773 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We compared the fatty acid composition of the host-coral Montipora digitata with the fatty acid composition in the coral's endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Fatty acids as methyl esters were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and verified by GC-mass spectrometry. We found the main difference between the fatty acids in the host and their symbionts were that zooxanthellae supported higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The presence of fatty acids specific to dinoflagellates (i.e. 18:4omega3, 22:5omega3 and 22:6omega3) in the host tissue suggests that zooxanthellae provide the coral host not only with saturated fatty acids, but also with diverse polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Papina
- Institute of Biology and Soil, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prospect 100-Letiya, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Řezanka T, Dembitsky VM. γ-Lactones from the soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and Lithophyton arboreum. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|