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Osipov FA, Vergun AA, Arakelyan MS, Petrosyan RK, Dergunova NN, Neymark LA, Petrosyan VG. Genetic Variability and the Potential Range of Darevskia rostombekowi in Transcaucasia. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract—
The results of the analysis of the genetic variability of parthenogenetic Darevskia rostombekowi (Darevsky, 1957) species using four microsatellite-containing loci are presented. Based on 118 records with geographical coordinates of the presence of this species in Transcaucasia, the maps of potential range were created. The analysis of the genetic structure of populations demonstrated that despite the established multiclonality (seven clonal lines in four populations), D. rostombekowi was formed as a result of a single act of hybridization between closely related bisexual species. The predicted distribution of D. rostombekowi using the modelling of potential range revealed new suitable habitats, where the presence of the species has not been reported previously. The results of this study and the absence of multiple acts of hybridization during the formation of these clones may indicate a regression of population size of the species. Consequently, the estimation of the conservation status of this parthenogenetic species seems to be justified.
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Petrosyan VG, Osipov FA, Bobrov VV, Dergunova NN, Kropachev II, Danielyan FD, Arakelyan MS. New records and geographic distribution of the sympatric zones of unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and adjacent territories. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e56030. [PMID: 33013173 PMCID: PMC7511460 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e56030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caucasian rock lizards of the genus Darevskia are unique taxa, including both bisexual and parthenogenetic species. The parthenogenetic species have originated as a result of natural hybridisation between females and males of different bisexual species. The species involved in interspecific hybridisation are called parental. However, sympatric zones (SZ) of unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the Caucasus are still poorly studied, although they are very important for understanding the role of hybrid individuals of different origin in reticulate evolution. This paper presents the location of the SZs of parthenogenetic and their parental bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh. We summarised the locations of the SZs identified from 1957 to the present, based on our field survey data gathered in 2018-2019 and records from publications and museum collections. This dataset includes 39 SZs of three types: SZ of parental bisexual species, SZ of parental species with unisexual species and SZ of the parthenogenetic species. For each zone, species composition, geographical and altitudinal distribution are presented. New records expand our knowledge of the geographical and altitudinal distribution of SZs in these species and provide additional data for understanding the mechanisms of reticulate evolution and hybridogeneous speciation in the past, present and future. New information The new records, including geographical and altitudinal distributions of three types of SZs, are presented, which expand the previously-known list to 39 locations of contact zones for parthenogenetic and its bisexual parental species of rock lizards of the genus Darevskia in Armenia and the adjacent territories of Georgia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varos G Petrosyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Fedor A Osipov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Vladimir V Bobrov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia N Dergunova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RussianAcademy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | - Felix D Danielyan
- Department of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Department of Biology, Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia
| | - Marine S Arakelyan
- Department of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Department of Biology, Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia
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Lafond J, Hénault P, Leung C, Angers B. Unexpected Oogenic Pathways for the Triploid Fish Chrosomus eos-neogaeus. J Hered 2020; 110:370-377. [PMID: 30597080 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triploid vertebrates from unisexual complexes often perpetuate themselves asexually. In the fish Chrosomus eos×eos-neogaeus, triploids are continuously produced by diploid hybrids. However, they are not expected to perpetuate since C. eos are their only known progeny. This study aims to investigate the oogenesis of these triploid hybrids through experimental crosses. A total of 337 larvae from 12 female triploids and 3 2n/3n mosaics fertilized with C. eos sperm were genetically characterized. The detection of C. eos as progeny of triploid hybrids confirmed the occurrence of a pathway similar to meiotic hybridogenesis but only for half of the tripoids. The presence of tetraploid offspring for all these females revealed the formation of unreduced triploid eggs as a probable failure of meiotic hybridogenesis. The remaining female triploids and all mosaics produced diploid and triploid hybrids. Triploids excluded the haplome from paternal leakage and produced eggs with the diploid hybrid genome through an ameiotic hybridogenesis. Both types of hybridogenesis occurred in a mutually exclusive manner. This leads us to consider 2 hypothetical scenarios: First, any female triploids can perform either type of hybridogenesis, allowing the long-term persistence of triploid hybrids by a fraction of the population. Alternatively, ameiotic hybridogenesis occurs in triploids of the first generation (from diploid mothers), while meiotic hybridogenesis occurs in triploids of the second generation (from triploid mothers); triploid hybrids then are not perpetuating lineages. The population dynamics of the C. eos-neogaeus complex appears a step more complicated than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Lafond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Hénault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Vergun AA, Girnyk AE, Korchagin VI, Semyenova SK, Arakelyan MS, Danielyan FD, Murphy RW, Ryskov AP. Origin, clonal diversity, and evolution of the parthenogenetic lizard Darevskia unisexualis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:351. [PMID: 32393253 PMCID: PMC7216553 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hybridization of female D. raddei and male D. valentini gave rise to the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis. A previously identified genetic polymorphism in the species consisted of one common and two allozyme clones. Analysis of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the three species yields estimates of clonal diversity and tests the hypothesis of a single origin for D. unisexualis. RESULTS Genotyping and sequencing of four microsatellite-containing loci for 109 specimens of D. unisexualis, 17 D. valentini, and 45 D. raddei nairensis identified 12 presumptive clones, including one widespread and 11 rare clones. Most individuals in some localities had a rare clone. Clone-specific alleles in D. unisexualis were compared with those of the parental species. The results inferred a single hybridization event. Post-formation mutations best explain the less common clones. CONCLUSIONS Interspecific analyses identify alleles inherited by D. unisexualis from its bisexual ancestors. SNP analyses fail to reject the hypothesis of a single interspecific origin of D. unisexualis, followed by microsatellite mutations in this initial clone. Microsatellites detect higher clonal diversity in D. unisexualis compared to allozymes and identify the likely origins of clones. Our approach may be applicable to other unisexual species whose origins involve interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Vergun
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, M. Pirogovskaya Str., 1/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E Girnyk
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Vitaly I Korchagin
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Seraphima K Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Marine S Arakelyan
- Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Felix D Danielyan
- Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Robert W Murphy
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Alexey P Ryskov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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5
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E, Caccone A, Camargo A, Morando M, Niemiller ML, Pabijan M, Russello MA, Sinervo B, Werneck FP, Sites JW, Wiens JJ, Steinfartz S. Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090646. [PMID: 31455040 PMCID: PMC6769790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathon C Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson Street, Dept. 2505, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arley Camargo
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Morando
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC, CENPAT-CONICET) Bv. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Maciej Pabijan
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-000, Brazil
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Brunes TO, da Silva AJ, Marques-Souza S, Rodrigues MT, Pellegrino KC. Not always young: The first vertebrate ancient origin of true parthenogenesis found in an Amazon leaf litter lizard with evidence of mitochondrial haplotypes surfing on the wave of a range expansion. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 135:105-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ryskov AP, Osipov FA, Omelchenko AV, Semyenova SK, Girnyk AE, Korchagin VI, Vergun AA, Murphy RW. The origin of multiple clones in the parthenogenetic lizard species Darevskia rostombekowi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185161. [PMID: 28931071 PMCID: PMC5607197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The all-female Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia rostombekowi and other unisexual species of this genus reproduce normally via true parthenogenesis. Typically, diploid parthenogenetic reptiles exhibit some amount of clonal diversity. However, allozyme data from D. rostombekowi have suggested that this species consists of a single clone. Herein, we test this hypothesis by evaluating variation at three variable microsatellite loci for 42 specimens of D. rostombekowi from four populations in Armenia. Analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of each locus reveal five genotypes or presumptive clones in this species. All individuals are heterozygous at the loci. The major clone occurs in 24 individuals and involves three populations. Four rare clones involve one or several individuals from one or two populations. Most variation owes to parent-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, which occur as heterozygotes. This result fails to reject the hypothesis of a single hybridization founder event that resulted in the initial formation of one major clone. The other clones appear to have originated via post-formation microsatellite mutations of the major clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P. Ryskov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Osipov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Omelchenko
- Group of Bioinformatics and Modeling Biological Process, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seraphima K. Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E. Girnyk
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly I. Korchagin
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Vergun
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Souza SM, Pellegrino KC, Nunes PMS, Junior MT, Gordo M, Carvalho VTD, Almeida A, Oliveira DPD, Frazão L, Hrbek T, Farias IP, Rodrigues MT. On the Discovery of Bisexual Populations of the Parthenogenetic LizardLeposoma percarinatum(Gymnophthalmidae), with Insights into the Origin of Parthenogenesis inLeposoma. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-14-00025.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Vergun AA, Martirosyan IA, Semyenova SK, Omelchenko AV, Petrosyan VG, Lazebny OE, Tokarskaya ON, Korchagin VI, Ryskov AP. Clonal diversity and clone formation in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia dahlia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91674. [PMID: 24618670 PMCID: PMC3950254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The all-female Caucasian rock lizard species Darevskia dahli and other parthenogenetic species of this genus reproduce normally via true parthenogenesis. Previously, the genetic diversity of this species was analyzed using allozymes, mitochondrial DNA, and DNA fingerprint markers. In the present study, variation at three microsatellite loci was studied in 111 specimens of D. dahli from five populations from Armenia, and new information regarding clonal diversity and clone formation in D. dahli was obtained that suggests a multiple hybridization origin. All individuals but one were heterozygous at the loci studied. Based on specific allele combinations, 11 genotypes were identified among the individuals studied. Individuals with the same genotypes formed distinct clonal lineages: one major clone was represented by 72 individuals, an intermediate clone was represented by 21 individuals, and nine other clones were rare and represented by one or several individuals. A new approach based on the detection and comparison of genotype-specific markers formed by combinations of parental-specific markers was developed and used to identify at least three hybridization founder events that resulted in the initial formation of one major and two rare clones. All other clones, including the intermediate and seven rare clones, probably arose through postformation microsatellite mutations of the major clone. This approach can be used to identify hybridization founder events and to study clone formation in other unisexual taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Vergun
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irena A. Martirosyan
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seraphima K. Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Omelchenko
- Group of Bioinformatics and Modeling Biological Process, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Varos G. Petrosyan
- Group of Bioinformatics and Modeling Biological Process, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg E. Lazebny
- Department of Genetics, Kol’tsov Institute of Development Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Tokarskaya
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly I. Korchagin
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey P. Ryskov
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Joint Space Use in a Parthenogenetic Armenian Rock Lizard (Darevskia armeniaca) Suggests Weak Competition among Monoclonal Females. J HERPETOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1670/11-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Avise J. Clones, hermaphrodites and pregnancies: nature's oddities offer evolutionary lessons on reproduction. J Zool (1987) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Avise
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine; CA; USA
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12
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Badaeva TN, Malysheva DN, Korchagin VI, Ryskov AP. Genetic variation and de novo mutations in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2730. [PMID: 18648496 PMCID: PMC2447159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unisexual all-female lizards of the genus Darevskia that are well adapted to various habitats are known to reproduce normally by true parthenogenesis. Although they consist of unisexual lineages and lack effective genetic recombination, they are characterized by some level of genetic polymorphism. To reveal the mutational contribution to overall genetic variability, the most straightforward and conclusive way is the direct detection of mutation events in pedigree genotyping. Earlier we selected from genomic library of D. unisexualis two polymorphic microsatellite containing loci Du281 and Du215. In this study, these two loci were analyzed to detect possible de novo mutations in 168 parthenogenetic offspring of 49 D. unisexualis mothers and in 147 offspring of 50 D. armeniaca mothers. No mutant alleles were detected in D. armeniaca offspring at both loci, and in D. unisexualis offspring at the Du215 locus. There were a total of seven mutational events in the germ lines of four of the 49 D. unisexualis mothers at the Du281 locus, yielding the mutation rate of 0.1428 events per germ line tissue. Sequencing of the mutant alleles has shown that most mutations occur via deletion or insertion of single microsatellite repeat being identical in all offspring of the family. This indicates that such mutations emerge at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this study we characterized single highly unstable (GATA)(n) containing locus in parthenogenetic lizard species D. unisexualis. Besides, we characterized various types of mutant alleles of this locus found in the D. unisexualis offspring of the first generation. Our data has shown that microsatellite mutations at highly unstable loci can make a significant contribution to population variability of parthenogenetic lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Badaeva
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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13
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MURPHY ROBERTW, FU JINZHONG, MACCULLOCH ROSSD, DAREVSKY ILYAS, KUPRIYANOVA LARISSAA. A fine line between sex and unisexuality: the phylogenetic constraints on parthenogenesis in lacertid lizards. Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Malysheva DN, Tokarskaya ON, Petrosyan VG, Danielyan FD, Darevskii IS, Ryskov AP. Genetic differentiation of parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia rostombekowi (family Lacertidae) as determined using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 410:304-7. [PMID: 17286109 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D N Malysheva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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15
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Vogt G, Tolley L, Scholtz G. Life stages and reproductive components of the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish), the first parthenogenetic decapod crustacean. J Morphol 2005; 261:286-311. [PMID: 15281058 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we briefly reported on the first case of parthenogenesis in the decapod Crustacea which was found in the Marmorkrebs or marbled crayfish, a cambarid species of unknown geographic origin and species identity. Curiously, this animal is known only from aquarium populations, where it explosively propagates. By means of light and electron microscopic techniques we have now investigated the reproductive components of this crayfish, using more than 100 specimens ranging from hatchling to repeatedly spawned adult. Additionally, we documented its principal life stages. Our results revealed that the external sexual characters and also the gonads of the marbled crayfish are purely female, making this fast-reproducing species a good model for investigating female reproductive features in crayfish. Testicular tissues, ovotestes, or male gonoducts, gonopores, or gonopods were never found, either in small juveniles or large adult specimens, confirming the parthenogenetic nature of this crayfish. Parthenogenesis may have arisen spontaneously or by interspecific hybridization since Wolbachia-like feminizing microorganisms were not found in the ovaries. The external sexual characters of the marbled crayfish are first recognized in Stage 4 juveniles and are structurally complete approximately 2 months after hatching in specimens of approximately 2 cm total length. In the same life stage the ovary is fully differentiated as well, although the oocytes are in previtellogenic and primary vitellogenic stages only. The architecture of the mature ovary and also the synchronous maturation of cohorts of primary vitellogenic oocytes by secondary vitellogenesis are in general agreement with data published on ovaries of bisexual crayfish. New results were obtained with respect to the muscular nature of the ovarian envelope and its extensive proliferation after the first spawning, the distribution of hemal sinuses in the ovarian envelope and in the interstitium around the oogenetic pouches, the high transport activity of the follicle cells, and the colonization of oogenetic pouches by previtellogenic oocytes that originate in the germaria. Investigation of the nuclei of oocytes in the germaria and oogenetic pouches revealed no signs of meiosis, as usually found in females of bisexual decapods, suggesting that parthenogenesis in the marbled crayfish might be an apomictic thelytoky. The detection of new rickettsial and coccidian infections in the ovary and further organs raises fears that the marbled crayfish might endanger native European species by transmission of pathogens once escaped into the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Department of Zoology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Groot TVM, Bruins E, Breeuwer JAJ. Molecular genetic evidence for parthenogenesis in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Heredity (Edinb) 2003; 90:130-5. [PMID: 12634818 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenesis among reptiles is rare. Only a few species have the ability to reproduce asexually. Most of these are obligate parthenogenetic species that consist (almost) entirely of females, which can reproduce solely through parthenogenesis. Rarer are sexual species that only sporadically reproduce through parthenogenesis. A female Python molurus bivittatus (Reptilia, Boidae) from the Artis Zoo, Amsterdam, produced eggs in five consecutive years that contained embryos while she was isolated from males. These eggs might be fertilized with stored sperm, or might be the product of parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis has not been shown for the Boidae family before. We performed parentship analyses on the snake and seven of her embryos using microsatellites and AFLP. Four microsatellite loci developed for this species combined with three loci developed previously for different snake species revealed too little variation to discriminate between sperm retention and parthenogenesis. With AFLP we were able to confirm that the Artis Zoo female reproduced parthenogenetically. Because the offspring are genetically identical to their mother, whereas in previous studies on sporadic parthenogenesis in snakes a loss of genetic information was reported, we conclude that the meiotic pathways that produce the diploid egg cells are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V M Groot
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fu J, Murphy RW, Darevsky IS. Divergence of the CytochromebGene in theLacerta raddeiComplex and Its Parthenogenetic Daughter Species: Evidence for Recent Multiple Origins. COPEIA 2000. [DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0432:dotcbg]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schilder K, Heinze J, Gross R, Holldobler B. Microsatellites reveal clonal structure of populations of the thelytokous ant platythyrea punctata (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera; formicidae). Mol Ecol 1999; 8:1497-507. [PMID: 10564455 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis is often thought to constitute an evolutionary dead end as compared with sexual reproduction because genetic recombination is limited or nonexistent in parthenogenetic populations. Yet there are many species to demonstrate that parthenogenesis can initially be extremely successful under certain environmental conditions. In this study we used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure of four natural populations of the neotropical thelytokous parthenogenetic ant Platythyrea punctata. Ten dinucleotide microsatellites were isolated from a partial genomic library of P. punctata. Five of these were found to be polymorphic. In a subsequent analysis of 314 workers taken from 51 colonies, we detected low intraspecific levels of variation at all loci, expressed both in the number of alleles detected and heterozygosities observed. Surprisingly, we found almost no differentiation within populations. Populations rather had a clonal structure, with all individuals from all colonies usually sharing the same genotype. Only in one colony from Puerto Rico did some workers have an additional genotype. This low level of genotypic diversity probably reflects the predominance of thelytoky in P. punctata, together with genetic bottlenecks and founder effects. Cross-species amplification of all 10 loci in 29 ant species comprising four different subfamilies yielded positive amplification products in only a limited number of species.
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