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Veratrum parviflorum: An Underexplored Source for Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165349. [PMID: 36014585 PMCID: PMC9412450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the Veratrum genus have been used throughout history for their emetic properties, rheumatism, and for the treatment of high blood pressure. However, inadvertent consumption of these plants, which resemble wild ramps, induces life-threatening side effects attributable to an abundance of steroidal alkaloids. Several of the steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum spp. have been investigated for their ability to antagonize the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, a key pathway for embryonic development and cell proliferation. Uncontrolled activation of this pathway is linked to the development of various cancers; most notably, basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Additional investigation of Veratrum spp. may lead to the identification of novel alkaloids with the potential to serve as chemotherapeutics. V. parviflorum is a relatively uncommon species of Veratrum that resides in the southeastern regions of North America. The phytochemical profile of this plant remains largely unexplored; however, bioactive steroidal alkaloids, including cyclopamine, veratramine, veratridine, and verazine were identified in its extract. The structural elucidation and bioactivity assessment of steroidal alkaloids in lesser abundance within the extract of V. parviflorum may yield potent Hh pathway inhibitors. This review seeks to consolidate the botanical and phytochemical information regarding V. parviflorum.
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Li Q, Zhao YL, Long CB, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Luo XD. Seven new veratramine-type alkaloids with potent analgesic effect from Veratrum taliense. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112137. [PMID: 31381955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veratrum taliense is traditionally used TCMs in Yunnan province of China for pain and inflammation. Previous research and clinical applications have shown that V. taliense had significant analgesic activity. Jevine-type alkaloids were shown to be one of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents from V. taliense. However, other types of compounds from V. taliense related to its traditional use remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify veratramine-type steroidal alkaloids with analgesic effects from the roots and rhizomes of V. taliense. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of V. taliense by chromatographic separation. Their structures were elucidated based on UV, IR, NMR and MS spectra data. Analgesic activity was assessed with acetic acid-induced writhing in mice model. RESULTS Seven new veratramine-type alkaloids were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of V. taliense. They all exhibited significant analgesic activity, of which alkaloids 1 and 4 were more potent antalgic than the well-known analgesic drug, pethidine. CONCLUSIONS The veratramine-type alkaloids from V. taliense may serve as new leads for the discovery of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Long
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Lyu C, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Zhang S, Kou F, Wei H, Zhang N, Zuo Z. Gender-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Veratramine in Rats: In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:432-44. [PMID: 26791530 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Veratramine, a major alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L., has distinct anti-tumor and anti-hypertension effects. Our previous study indicated that veratramine had severe toxicity toward male rats. In order to elucidate the underling mechanism, in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments and in vitro mechanistic studies have been conducted. Veratramine was administrated to male and female rats intravenously via the jugular vein at a dose of 50 μg/kg or orally via gavage at 20 mg/kg. As a result, significant pharmacokinetic differences were observed between male and female rats after oral administration with much lower concentrations of veratramine and 7-hydroxyl-veratramine and higher concentrations of veratramine-3-O-sulfate found in the plasma and urine of female rats. The absolute bioavailability of veratramine was 0.9% in female rats and 22.5% in male rats. Further experiments of veratramine on Caco-2 cell monolayer model and in vitro incubation with GI content or rat intestinal subcellular fractions demonstrated that its efficient passive diffusion mediated absorption with minimal intestinal metabolism, suggesting no gender-related difference during its absorption process. When veratramine was incubated with male or female rat liver microsomes/cytosols, significant male-predominant formation of 7-hydroxyl-veratramine and female-predominant formation of veratramine-3-O-sulfate were observed. In conclusion, the significant gender-dependent hepatic metabolism of veratramine could be the major contributor to its gender-dependent pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Lyu
- Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Kou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Winkler JD, Isaacs AK, Xiang C, Baubet V, Dahmane N. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of estrone-derived hedgehog signaling inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:10261-10266. [PMID: 22199406 PMCID: PMC3244726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new analogs of the naturally occurring compound cyclopamine, a Hedgehog signaling inhibitor, are described. Stucture-activity relationship studies lead to an evolving model for the pharmacophore of this medically promising compound class of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Pattenden G, Stoker DA, Winne JM. A synthetic approach to C-nor-D-homosteroids based on a cascade of radical cyclisations from a vinylcyclopropane-substituted acyl radical precursor. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Winkler JD, Isaacs A, Holderbaum L, Tatard V, Dahmane N. Design and Synthesis of Inhibitors of Hedgehog Signaling Based on the Alkaloid Cyclopamine. Org Lett 2009; 11:2824-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900974u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - André Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Laura Holderbaum
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Valérie Tatard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Abstract
This manuscript describes a convergent synthesis and the revision of the relative stereochemistry of nakiterpiosin, a marine C-nor-D-homosteroid. Our synthesis features a late-stage carbonylative Stille cross-coupling reaction and a photo-Nazarov cyclization reaction that deliver the complete nakiterpiosin skeleton efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
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Tremblay MR, Nevalainen M, Nair SJ, Porter JR, Castro AC, Behnke ML, Yu LC, Hagel M, White K, Faia K, Grenier L, Campbell MJ, Cushing J, Woodward CN, Hoyt J, Foley MA, Read MA, Sydor JR, Tong JK, Palombella VJ, McGovern K, Adams J. Semisynthetic Cyclopamine Analogues as Potent and Orally Bioavailable Hedgehog Pathway Antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6646-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Tremblay
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Somarajan J. Nair
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - James R. Porter
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Alfredo C. Castro
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mark L. Behnke
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lin-Chen Yu
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Margit Hagel
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kerry White
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kerrie Faia
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Louis Grenier
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Matthew J. Campbell
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jill Cushing
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Caroline N. Woodward
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jennifer Hoyt
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael A. Foley
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Margaret A. Read
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jens R. Sydor
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jeffrey K. Tong
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Vito J. Palombella
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Karen McGovern
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Julian Adams
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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