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Bozkurt G, Kaya F, Yildiz M. Does maropitant provide more effective perioperative pain management than meloxicam in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy? The first report on the comparison of visceral algesia-analgesia for ovariohysterectomy. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105179. [PMID: 38335894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is a widely used surgical procedure in small animal practice. In developing countries, injectable anesthetics such as ketamine and xylazine are commonly used in veterinary medicine. Pharmacological agents with analgesic activity, such as ketamine and meloxicam, are not sufficiently effective in reducing visceral pain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the visceral analgesia and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of maropitant compared with those of meloxicam during and after OVH in bitches. In this study, thirty-six bitches were randomly divided into the maropitant, meloxicam, and control groups. The heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were monitored during the procedure. Pain scores were assessed using the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS). Rescue analgesia was not necessary for any bitch at any time point. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction and 24 h after the operation to determine C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. No significant difference was observed in HR between the control and meloxicam groups when the right ovary was removed, and the HR of the maropitant group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the control group. The pain scores of the maropitant group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the other groups. However, no significant differences were observed in CRP levels between the groups. In conclusion, compared to meloxicam, maropitant provided more effective visceral analgesia in bitches undergoing OVH, although no significant difference was found in its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bozkurt
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Burdur, Türkiye.
| | - Feyyaz Kaya
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Burdur, Türkiye
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2
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Qiu P, Li D, Xiao C, Xu F, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Chen Y. The Eph/ephrin system symphony of gut inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106976. [PMID: 38032293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The extent of gut inflammation depends largely on the gut barrier's integrity and enteric neuroimmune interactions. However, the factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammation-related changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remain largely unexplored. Eph/ephrin signaling is critical for inflammatory response, neuronal activation, and synaptic plasticity in the brain, but its presence and function in the ENS have been largely unknown to date. This review discusses the critical role of Eph/ephrin in regulating gut homeostasis, inflammation, neuroimmune interactions, and pain pathways. Targeting the Eph/ephrin system offers innovative treatments for gut inflammation disorders, offering hope for enhanced patient prognosis, pain management, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Servin-Vences MR, Lam RM, Koolen A, Wang Y, Saade DN, Loud M, Kacmaz H, Frausto S, Zhang Y, Beyder A, Marshall KL, Bönnemann CG, Chesler AT, Patapoutian A. PIEZO2 in somatosensory neurons controls gastrointestinal transit. Cell 2023; 186:3386-3399.e15. [PMID: 37541196 PMCID: PMC10501318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is in a state of constant motion. These movements are tightly regulated by the presence of food and help digestion by mechanically breaking down and propelling gut content. Mechanical sensing in the gut is thought to be essential for regulating motility; however, the identity of the neuronal populations, the molecules involved, and the functional consequences of this sensation are unknown. Here, we show that humans lacking PIEZO2 exhibit impaired bowel sensation and motility. Piezo2 in mouse dorsal root, but not nodose ganglia is required to sense gut content, and this activity slows down food transit rates in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Indeed, Piezo2 is directly required to detect colon distension in vivo. Our study unveils the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate the transit of luminal contents throughout the gut, which is a critical process to ensure proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rocio Servin-Vences
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ruby M Lam
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH-Brown University Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alize Koolen
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Dimah N Saade
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meaghan Loud
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Halil Kacmaz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suzanne Frausto
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kara L Marshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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4
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Cubeddu F, Masala G, Sotgiu G, Mollica A, Versace S, Careddu GM. Cardiorespiratory Effects and Desflurane Requirement in Dogs Undergoing Ovariectomy after Administration Maropitant or Methadone. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2388. [PMID: 37508165 PMCID: PMC10376119 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia for ovariectomy in dogs is based on a balanced anesthesia protocol such as using analgesics along with an inhalant agent. While opioids such as fentanyl and methadone are commonly used for their analgesic potency, other drugs can also have analgesic effects. Maropitant, an antiemetic for dogs and cats, has also been shown to exert analgesic effects, especially on visceral pain. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory effects and analgesic properties of maropitant and methadone combined with desflurane in dogs undergoing ovariectomy. Two groups of 20 healthy mixed-breeds bitches undergoing elective ovariectomy received intravenous either maropitant at antiemetic dose of 1 mg kg-1 or methadone at the dose of 0.3 mg kg-1. Cardiorespiratory variables were collected before premedication, 10 min after sedation and during surgery. Recovery quality and postoperative pain were evaluated 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min postoperatively. Results showed that maropitant produced analgesia and reduced the requirement of desflurane in amounts similar to those determined by methadone (5.39 ± 0.20% and 4.91 ± 0.26%, respectively) without significant difference, while maintaining heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and carbon dioxide end-tidal partial pressure even at a more satisfactory level. Therefore, maropitant may be recommended as an analgesic drug for abdominal surgery not only in healthy dogs but also in those with reduced cardiorespiratory compensatory capacities or at risk of hypotension, especially when combined with a sedative such as dexmedetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cubeddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Masala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Surgical and Experimental Medical Sciences Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mollica
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sylvia Versace
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mario Careddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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5
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Qi L, Lin SH, Ma Q. Spinal VGLUT3 lineage neurons drive visceral mechanical allodynia but not sensitized visceromotor reflexes. Neuron 2023; 111:669-681.e5. [PMID: 36584681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain is among the most prevalent and bothersome forms of chronic pain, but their transmission in the spinal cord is still poorly understood. Here, we conducted focal colorectal distention (fCRD) to drive both visceromotor responses (VMRs) and aversion. We first found that spinal CCK neurons were necessary for noxious fCRD to drive both VMRs and aversion under naive conditions. We next showed that spinal VGLUT3 neurons mediate visceral allodynia, whose ablation caused loss of aversion evoked by low-intensity fCRD in mice with gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation or spinal circuit disinhibition. Importantly, these neurons were dispensable for driving sensitized VMRs under both inflammatory and central disinhibition conditions. Anatomically, a subset of VGLUT3 neurons projected to parabrachial nuclei, whose photoactivation sufficiently generated aversion in mice with GI inflammation, without influencing VMRs. Our studies suggest the presence of different spinal substrates that transmit nociceptive versus affective dimensions of visceral sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiufu Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Sex differences in pain-related behaviors and clinical progression of disease in mouse models of colonic pain. Pain 2023; 164:197-215. [PMID: 35559931 PMCID: PMC9756435 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Previous studies have reported sex differences in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, including differences in visceral pain perception. Despite this, sex differences in behavioral manifestations of visceral pain and underlying pathology of the gastrointestinal tract have been largely understudied in preclinical research. In this study, we evaluated potential sex differences in spontaneous nociceptive responses, referred abdominal hypersensitivity, disease progression, and bowel pathology in mouse models of acute and persistent colon inflammation. Our experiments show that females exhibit more nociceptive responses and referred abdominal hypersensitivity than males in the context of acute but not persistent colon inflammation. We further demonstrate that, after acute and persistent colon inflammation, pain-related behavioral responses in females and males are distinct, with increases in licking of the abdomen only observed in females and increases in abdominal contractions only seen in males. During persistent colon inflammation, males exhibit worse disease progression than females, which is manifested as worse physical appearance and higher weight loss. However, no measurable sex differences were observed in persistent inflammation-induced bowel pathology, stool consistency, or fecal blood. Overall, our findings demonstrate sex differences in pain-related behaviors and disease progression in the context of acute and persistent colon inflammation, highlighting the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in future mechanistic studies of visceral pain as well as in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic options for chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
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Wistrom E, Chase R, Smith PR, Campbell ZT. A compendium of validated pain genes. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1570. [PMID: 35760453 PMCID: PMC9787016 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel pain therapeutics hinges on the identification and rigorous validation of potential targets. Model organisms provide a means to test the involvement of specific genes and regulatory elements in pain. Here we provide a list of genes linked to pain-associated behaviors. We capitalize on results spanning over three decades to identify a set of 242 genes. They support a remarkable diversity of functions spanning action potential propagation, immune response, GPCR signaling, enzymatic catalysis, nucleic acid regulation, and intercellular signaling. Making use of existing tissue and single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing datasets, we examine their patterns of expression. For each gene class, we discuss archetypal members, with an emphasis on opportunities for additional experimentation. Finally, we discuss how powerful and increasingly ubiquitous forward genetic screening approaches could be used to improve our ability to identify pain genes. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wistrom
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Patrick R. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Zachary T. Campbell
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA,Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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8
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Castro NCF, Silva IS, Cartágenes SC, Fernandes LMP, Ribera PC, Barros MA, Prediger RD, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CSF. Morphine Perinatal Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Negative Emotional States in Adult Offspring Rodents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010029. [PMID: 35056925 PMCID: PMC8778186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoactive substances during pregnancy and lactation is a key problem in contemporary society, causing social, economic, and health disturbance. In 2010, about 30 million people used opioid analgesics for non-therapeutic purposes, and the prevalence of opioids use during pregnancy ranged from 1% to 21%, representing a public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the long-lasting neurobehavioral and nociceptive consequences in adult offspring rats and mice exposed to morphine during intrauterine/lactation periods. Pregnant rats and mice were exposed subcutaneously to morphine (10 mg/kg/day) during 42 consecutive days (from the first day of pregnancy until the last day of lactation). Offspring were weighed on post-natal days (PND) 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60, and behavioral tasks (experiment 1) or nociceptive responses (experiment 2) were assessed at 75 days of age (adult life). Morphine-exposed female rats displayed increased spontaneous locomotor activity. More importantly, both males and female rats perinatally exposed to morphine displayed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Morphine-exposed mice presented alterations in the nociceptive responses on the writhing test. This study showed that sex difference plays a role in pain threshold and that deleterious effects of morphine during pre/perinatal periods are nonrepairable in adulthood, which highlights the long-lasting clinical consequences related to anxiety, depression, and nociceptive disorders in adulthood followed by intrauterine and lactation morphine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair C. F. Castro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Izabelle S. Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sabrina C. Cartágenes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Luanna M. P. Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas e Fisiológicas, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Estadual do Pará, Belém 66087-662, Brazil;
| | - Paula C. Ribera
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Mayara A. Barros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Rui D. Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Enéas A. Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cristiane S. F. Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; (N.C.F.C.); (I.S.S.); (S.C.C.); (P.C.R.); (M.A.B.); (E.A.F.-J.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Karna SR, Chambers P, Singh P, Lopez-Villalobos N, Kongara K. Evaluation of analgesic interaction between morphine, maropitant and dexmedetomidine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. N Z Vet J 2021; 70:10-21. [PMID: 33950785 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1927231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAims: To compare the analgesic effect of morphine combined with maropitant and/or dexmedetomidine to morphine alone but at a higher dose, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the drug combinations, in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE).Methods: Forty client-owned dogs were randomised into four treatment groups (n = 10 per group) each to receive a different analgesic protocol. After premedication with I/M acepromazine, anaesthesia was induced with propofol to effect and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen delivered via a circle system. The heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, electrocardiogram and rectal temperature were monitored during anaesthesia. The test drugs (Mor: 0.6 mg/kg morphine; Maro + Mor: 0.3 mg/kg morphine and 1 mg/kg maropitant; Dex + Mor: 0.3 mg/kg morphine and 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine; Dex + Maro + Mor: 0.2 mg/kg morphine, 7 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.7 mg/kg maropitant) were administered I/M after induction of anaesthesia and 30 minutes before the expected start time of ovariohysterectomy, which was carried out by veterinary students under veterinary supervision. The short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used for pain assessment at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours after extubation. Dogs with CMPS-SF pain score ≥ 6 received rescue analgesia with S/C buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected before, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after injection of the test drugs and concentration of the test drugs in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: Dogs that received Dex + Mor had significantly lower CMPS-SF (estimate of difference = -1.53 (SE 0.58); p = 0.010) and VAS (estimate of difference = -0.67 (SE 0.25); p = 0.007) scores compared to the dogs that received morphine alone. There was no evidence of a difference in the number of dogs requiring rescue between groups. All dogs that received dexmedetomidine showed cardiac arrhythmia and second-degree heart block. Mean (SD) maximum concentrations (Cmax,) of morphine in plasma were 6.8 (4.56), 9.56 (8.29), 9.30 (3.35) and 18.99 (9.41) ng/mL for the groups Dex + Mor, Dex + Maro + Mor, Maro + Mor and Mor respectively. The Cmax of morphine was significantly lower in the Dex + Mor (p = 0.004), Dex + Maro + Mor (p = 0.034) and Maro + Mor (p = 0.018) groups compared to the Mor group.Conclusions For dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, lower doses of morphine (0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg) combined with dexmedetomidine or maropitant may provide analgesia equivalent to or better than morphine when given alone at a higher dose (0.6 mg/kg).Abbreviations: AUC: Area under curve; Cmax: Maximum concentration in plasma; CMPS-SF: Glasgow composite measure pain scale - short form; NK1: Neurokinin-1; OHE: Ovariohysterectomy; Tmax: Time to Cmax; T1/2: Half-life of terminal elimination phase; VAS: Visual analogue scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Karna
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P Chambers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P Singh
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Kongara
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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10
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Xu Q, Sun L, Zhang W, Wu H, Jiao C, Xu L, Qian X, Yao H, Chen Q, Xu F, Fu F, Feng Y, Wang L, Chen X. A novel visceral pain model of uterine cervix inflammation in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174080. [PMID: 33811839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of visceral pain originating from the uterine cervix is a substantial clinical problem. The underlying mechanisms of such visceral pain remain unclear mainly due to a lack of reliable model. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a rat model of pain induced by uterine cervix inflammation. Rats were randomized to six groups according to the solution injected into the uterine cervix: normal saline, vehicle, capsaicin (0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.9 mg), capsaicin 0.9 mg + morphine (n = 15 in each group). Spontaneous behaviors after cervical injection were recorded by a computerized video system and analyzed offline. An equation for calculating a novel pain score was derived from particular behaviors, based on Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis. c-Fos expression in the spinal cord was detected. The pain score and c-fos expression in the spinal cord were highest in the 0.9 mg capsaicin group and lowest in the normal saline and vehicle groups (P < 0.05). Intrathecal morphine significantly decreased the pain score (P < 0.05) and c-fos expression in the spinal cord (P < 0.05). Injection of capsaicin into the uterine cervix in rats could be a practical model of inflammatory cervical pain, which can be evaluated using our novel pain score. This model will provide further insight into the mechanism underlying visceral pain originating from the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaqi Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Gonzalez-Cano R, Montilla-García Á, Perazzoli G, Torres JM, Cañizares FJ, Fernández-Segura E, Costigan M, Baeyens JM, Cobos EJ. Intracolonic Mustard Oil Induces Visceral Pain in Mice by TRPA1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms: Role of Tissue Injury and P2X Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:613068. [PMID: 33551815 PMCID: PMC7859884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Both TRPA1 and purinergic P2X receptors have been proposed as potential targets for the treatment of visceral pain. We found that the intracolonic administration of a low dose mustard oil (0.5%), a well-known TRPA1 agonist, produced nociceptive responses and abdominal wall referred mechanical hyperalgesia, without inducing apparent tissue damage. Both nociceptive responses and referred hyperalgesia were abolished by the ablation of TRPV1-expressing neurons (and the consequent ablation of TRPA1+ nociceptors) by resiniferatoxin (RTX) treatment, and by the TRPA1 antagonist AP18. However, a higher dose of mustard oil (2.5%) damaged the colonic epithelium and induced pERK activation in the spinal cord, and these processes were clearly independent of TRPV1-expressing neurons ablated by RTX. This higher dose of mustard oil induced nociceptive responses and referred mechanical hyperalgesia which were insensitive or only slightly sensitive to resiniferatoxin or AP18, but were markedly reduced by the P2X antagonist TNP-ATP, which is known to inhibit nociceptive actions induced by ATP released from injured tissues. In conclusion, whereas a low dose of intracolonic mustard oil induces visceral pain in a manner fully dependent on TRPA1 actions, when a high dose of this chemical irritant is used, visceral pain becomes mostly independent of TRPA1 activation but clearly enhanced by ATP purportedly released by the damaged colonic epithelium. Therefore, TRPA1 inhibition is not sufficient to substantially decrease visceral pain during tissue injury, whereas purinergic antagonism appears to be a more effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalez-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique J. Cobos, ; Rafael González-Cano,
| | - Ángeles Montilla-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Torres
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cañizares
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Segura
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michael Costigan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José M. Baeyens
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique J. Cobos, ; Rafael González-Cano,
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12
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Haberberger RV, Barry C, Dominguez N, Matusica D. Human Dorsal Root Ganglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:271. [PMID: 31293388 PMCID: PMC6598622 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons with cell bodies situated in dorsal root ganglia convey information from external or internal sites of the body such as actual or potential harm, temperature or muscle length to the central nervous system. In recent years, large investigative efforts have worked toward an understanding of different types of DRG neurons at transcriptional, translational, and functional levels. These studies most commonly rely on data obtained from laboratory animals. Human DRG, however, have received far less investigative focus over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, knowledge about human sensory neurons is critical for a translational research approach and future therapeutic development. This review aims to summarize both historical and emerging information about the size and location of human DRG, and highlight advances in the understanding of the neurochemical characteristics of human DRG neurons, in particular nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Viktor Haberberger
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Órama Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Barry
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dominguez
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Órama Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Berryhill EH, Knych H, Edman JM, Magdesian KG. Pharmacokinetics of single doses of maropitant citrate in adult horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:487-491. [PMID: 31190332 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurokinin-1 (NK) receptor antagonist, maropitant citrate, mitigates nausea and vomiting in dogs and cats. Nausea is poorly understood and likely under-recognized in horses. Use of NK-1 receptor antagonists in horses has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of maropitant in seven adult horses after single intravenous (IV; 1 mg/kg) and intragastric (IG; 2 mg/kg) doses. A randomized, crossover design was performed. Serial blood samples were collected after dosing; maropitant concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis. The mean plasma maropitant concentration 3 min after IV administration was 800 ± 140 ng/ml, elimination half-life was 10.37 ± 2.07 h, and volume of distribution was 6.54 ± 1.84 L/kg. The maximum concentration following IG administration was 80 ± 40 ng/ml, and elimination half-life was 9.64 ± 1.27 hr. Oral bioavailability was variable at 13.3 ± 5.3%. Maropitant concentrations achieved after IG administration were comparable to those in small animals. Concentrations after IV administration were lower than in dogs and cats. Elimination half-life was longer than in dogs and shorter than in cats. This study is the basis for further investigations into using maropitant in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Berryhill
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Heather Knych
- Kenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Judy M Edman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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14
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Monteiro C, Cardoso-Cruz H, Galhardo V. Animal models of congenital hypoalgesia: Untapped potential for assessing pain-related plasticity. Neurosci Lett 2019; 702:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Sanger GJ, Andrews PLR. A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future Research. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:913. [PMID: 30233361 PMCID: PMC6131675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of the major classes of current anti-emetics are examined. Serendipity is a recurrent theme in discovery of their anti-emetic properties and repurposing from one indication to another is a continuing trend. Notably, the discoveries have occurred against a background of company mergers and changing anti-emetic requirements. Major drug classes include: (i) Muscarinic receptor antagonists-originated from historical accounts of plant extracts containing atropine and hyoscine with development stimulated by the need to prevent sea-sickness among soldiers during beach landings; (ii) Histamine receptor antagonists-searching for replacements for the anti-malaria drug quinine, in short supply because of wartime shipping blockade, facilitated the discovery of histamine (H1) antagonists (e.g., dimenhydrinate), followed by serendipitous discovery of anti-emetic activity against motion sickness in a patient undergoing treatment for urticaria; (iii) Phenothiazines and dopamine receptor antagonists-investigations of their pharmacology as "sedatives" (e.g., chlorpromazine) implicated dopamine receptors in emesis, leading to development of selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists (e.g., domperidone with poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier) as anti-emetics in chemotherapy and surgery; (iv) Metoclopramide and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3(5-HT3) receptor antagonists-metoclopramide was initially assumed to act only via D2 receptor antagonism but subsequently its gastric motility stimulant effect (proposed to contribute to the anti-emetic action) was shown to be due to 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonism. Pre-clinical studies showed that anti-emetic efficacy against the newly-introduced, highly emetic, chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin was due to antagonism at 5-HT3 receptors. The latter led to identification of selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., granisetron), a major breakthrough in treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis; (v) Neurokinin1receptor antagonists-antagonists of the actions of substance P were developed as analgesics but pre-clinical studies identified broad-spectrum anti-emetic effects; clinical studies showed particular efficacy in the delayed phase of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Finally, the repurposing of different drugs for treatment of nausea and vomiting is examined, particularly during palliative care, and also the challenges in identifying novel anti-emetic drugs, particularly for treatment of nausea as compared to vomiting. We consider the lessons from the past for the future and ask why there has not been a major breakthrough in the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J. Sanger
- Blizard Institute and the National Centre for Bowel Research, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L. R. Andrews
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Contribution of membrane receptor signalling to chronic visceral pain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Experimental Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Enteric Neurotransmission. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7010004. [PMID: 29301333 PMCID: PMC5791012 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in humans. It is characterized by visceral pain and/or discomfort, hypersensitivity and abnormal motor responses along with change in gut habits. Although the etio-pathogenesis of IBS is only partially understood, a main role has been attributed to psychosocial stress of different origin. Animal models such as neonatal maternal separation, water avoidance stress and wrap restraint stress have been developed as psychosocial stressors in the attempt to reproduce the IBS symptomatology and identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for the disease. The study of these models has led to the production of drugs potentially useful for IBS treatment. This review intends to give an overview on the results obtained with the animal models; to emphasize the role of the enteric nervous system in IBS appearance and evolution and as a possible target of drug therapies.
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18
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Matak I, Tékus V, Bölcskei K, Lacković Z, Helyes Z. Involvement of substance P in the antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A: Evidence from knockout mice. Neuroscience 2017; 358:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Xu H, Ge Y, Zhu H, Yu D, Yu W, Lu Z. Establishment of a murine pancreatic cancer pain model and microarray analysis of pain‑associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4429-4436. [PMID: 28791352 PMCID: PMC5647002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence on the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer pain. Following the establishment of an orthotropic transplantation model of pancreatic cancer, microarray analysis was performed to identify changes in the expression levels of pain-associated genes in the spinal cord. A mouse model of pancreatic cancer-induced pain was established by implanting SW 1990 cells into the pancreases of female BALB/c-nu mice. The survival rate and body weight were measured following orthotropic transplantation. Gross anatomical techniques and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to analyze the pancreatic tumor tissue. Multiple behavioral tests were also performed to assess pain-associated responses. Additionally, using samples from mice with or without observable pain, microarray analysis was performed to determine the gene expression profiles in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer was high during the initial 3 weeks post-surgery, although the body weight decreased progressively. Gross anatomical techniques demonstrated that the tumor size increased significantly following the surgery, and this result was confirmed by solid tumor masses in the pancreatic tissues of the mouse model. Observable pain behavioral responses were also examined in the pancreatic cancer model by measuring the mechanical threshold of the abdominal skin, hunching behavior and visceromotor responses. The profiles of 10 pain specific-associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn that accurately reflect the molecular pathological progression of disease were also identified. In conclusion, the present study has developed a novel animal model of pancreatic cancer pain in BALB/c-nu mice that resembles human pancreatic cancer pain, and the expression of pain-associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn has been profiled. The results of the present study may further the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate pancreatic cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yanhu Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, 309th hospital of CPLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Putuo, Shanghai 200061, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 101th hospital of CPLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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20
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Lawton SK, Xu F, Tran A, Wong E, Prakash A, Schumacher M, Hellman J, Wilhelmsen K. N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine Modulates Acute Systemic Inflammation via Nonhematopoietic TRPV1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1465-1475. [PMID: 28701511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is an endogenous lipid that potently activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which mediates pain and thermosensation. NADA is also an agonist of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. We have reported that NADA reduces the activation of cultured human endothelial cells by LPS and TNF-α. Thus far, in vivo studies using NADA have focused on its neurologic and behavioral roles. In this article, we show that NADA potently decreases in vivo systemic inflammatory responses and levels of the coagulation intermediary plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in three mouse models of inflammation: LPS, bacterial lipopeptide, and polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis. We also found that the administration of NADA increases survival in endotoxemic mice. Additionally, NADA reduces blood levels of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide but increases the neuropeptide substance P in LPS-treated mice. We demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of NADA are mediated by TRPV1 expressed by nonhematopoietic cells and provide data suggesting that neuronal TRPV1 may mediate NADA's anti-inflammatory effects. These results indicate that NADA has novel TRPV1-dependent anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that the endovanilloid system might be targeted therapeutically in acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira K Lawton
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Alphonso Tran
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Erika Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and .,Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
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21
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González-Cano R, Tejada MÁ, Artacho-Cordón A, Nieto FR, Entrena JM, Wood JN, Cendán CM. Effects of Tetrodotoxin in Mouse Models of Visceral Pain. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E188. [PMID: 28635651 PMCID: PMC5484138 DOI: 10.3390/md15060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is very common and represents a major unmet clinical need for which current pharmacological treatments are often insufficient. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that exerts analgesic actions in both humans and rodents under different somatic pain conditions, but its effect has been unexplored in visceral pain. Therefore, we tested the effects of systemic TTX in viscero-specific mouse models of chemical stimulation of the colon (intracolonic instillation of capsaicin and mustard oil) and intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. The subcutaneous administration of TTX dose-dependently inhibited the number of pain-related behaviors in all evaluated pain models and reversed the referred mechanical hyperalgesia (examined by stimulation of the abdomen with von Frey filaments) induced by capsaicin and cyclophosphamide, but not that induced by mustard oil. Morphine inhibited both pain responses and the referred mechanical hyperalgesia in all tests. Conditional nociceptor‑specific Nav1.7 knockout mice treated with TTX showed the same responses as littermate controls after the administration of the algogens. No motor incoordination after the administration of TTX was observed. These results suggest that blockade of TTX-sensitive sodium channels, but not Nav1.7 subtype alone, by systemic administration of TTX might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Tejada
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonia Artacho-Cordón
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Rafael Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Entrena
- Animal Behavior Research Unit, Scientific Instrumentation Center, University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
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22
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang X, Fei Y, Zhang L. Involvement of neurokinin 1 receptor within the cerebrospinal fluid‑contacting nucleus in visceral pain. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4300-4304. [PMID: 28440440 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the cerebrospinal fluid‑contacting nucleus (CSF‑CN) may be associated with the transduction and regulation of pain signals. However, the role of the CSF‑CN remains to be elucidated. Emerging evidence has suggested that neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is important in the development of visceral pain and hyperalgesia, however, whether NK1R exists in the CSF‑CN and its exact role in visceral pain remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, double‑labeled immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were performed to investigate this. It was revealed that NK1R was distributed in the CSF‑CN. Following the induction of visceral pain by formalin instillation, NK1R in the CSF‑CN was upregulated. In addition, by observing the behaviors of rats subjected to visceral pain, it was found that visceral pain was relieved by lateral intracerbroventricular injection of the NK1R antagonist, RP67580. These data provided a broader understanding of the role of NK1R in the CSF‑CN and demonstrated that the CSF‑CN was involved in acute visceral pain via the regulation of NK1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Licai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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23
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Ritter KE, Southard-Smith EM. Dynamic Expression of Serotonin Receptor 5-HT3A in Developing Sensory Innervation of the Lower Urinary Tract. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:592. [PMID: 28111539 PMCID: PMC5216032 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory afferent signaling is required for normal function of the lower urinary tract (LUT). Despite the wide prevalence of bladder dysfunction and pelvic pain syndromes, few effective treatment options are available. Serotonin receptor 5-HT3A is a known mediator of visceral afferent signaling and has been implicated in bladder function. However, basic expression patterns for this gene and others among developing bladder sensory afferents that could be used to inform regenerative efforts aimed at treating deficiencies in pelvic innervation are lacking. To gain greater insight into the molecular characteristics of bladder sensory innervation, we conducted a thorough characterization of Htr3a expression in developing and adult bladder-projecting lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Using a transgenic Htr3a-EGFP reporter mouse line, we identified 5-HT3A expression at 10 days post coitus (dpc) in neural crest derivatives and in 12 dpc lumbosacral DRG. Using immunohistochemical co-localization we observed Htr3a-EGFP expression in developing lumbosacral DRG that partially coincides with neuropeptides CGRP and Substance P and capsaicin receptor TRPV1. A majority of Htr3a-EGFP+ DRG neurons also express a marker of myelinated Aδ neurons, NF200. There was no co-localization of 5-HT3A with the TRPV4 receptor. We employed retrograde tracing in adult Htr3a-EGFP mice to quantify the contribution of 5-HT3A+ DRG neurons to bladder afferent innervation. We found that 5-HT3A is expressed in a substantial proportion of retrograde traced DRG neurons in both rostral (L1, L2) and caudal (L6, S1) axial levels that supply bladder innervation. Most bladder-projecting Htr3a-EGFP+ neurons that co-express CGRP, Substance P, or TRPV1 are found in L1, L2 DRG, whereas Htr3a-EGFP+, NF200+ bladder-projecting neurons are from the L6, S1 axial levels. Our findings contribute much needed information regarding the development of LUT innervation and highlight the 5-HT3A serotonin receptor as a candidate for future studies of neurally mediated bladder control.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elaine Ritter
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E Michelle Southard-Smith
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
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Nasir H, Mahboubi H, Gyawali S, Ding S, Mickeviciute A, Ragavendran JV, Laferrière A, Stochaj U, Coderre TJ. Consistent sex-dependent effects of PKMζ gene ablation and pharmacological inhibition on the maintenance of referred pain. Mol Pain 2016; 12:1744806916675347. [PMID: 27899695 PMCID: PMC5131814 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916675347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistently active PKMζ has been implicated in maintaining spinal nociceptive sensitization that underlies pain hypersensitivity. However, evidence for PKMζ in the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity comes exclusively from short-term studies in males using pharmacological agents of questionable selectivity. The present study examines the contribution of PKMζ to long-lasting allodynia associated with neuropathic, inflammatory, or referred visceral and muscle pain in males and females using pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PKMζ reduced mild formalin pain and slowly developing contralateral allodynia in nerve-injured rats, but not moderate formalin pain or ipsilateral allodynia in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PKMζ also effectively reduced referred visceral and muscle pain in male, but not in female mice and rats. CONCLUSION We show pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PKMζ consistently attenuate long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. However, differential effects in models of referred versus inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and in males versus females, highlight the roles of afferent input-dependent masking and sex differences in the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibatulnaseer Nasir
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hicham Mahboubi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandeep Gyawali
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Ding
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aiste Mickeviciute
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Vaigunda Ragavendran
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Laferrière
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Terence J Coderre
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Mediate the Cellular and Microvascular Effects of H2S via TRPA1 Receptor Activation and Neuropeptide Release. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:157-70. [PMID: 27525636 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is supposed that TRPA1 receptor can be activated by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Here, we have investigated the role of TRPA1 receptor in H2S-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase in trigeminal ganglia (TRG) neurons, and the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in H2S-evoked cutaneous vasodilatation. [Ca(2+)]i was measured with ratiometric technique on TRG neurons of TRPA1(+/+) and TRPA1(-/-) mice after NaHS, Na2S, allylisothiocyanate (AITC) or KCl treatment. Microcirculatory changes in the ear were detected by laser Doppler imaging in response to topical NaHS, AITC, NaOH, NaSO3 or NaCl. Mice were either treated with resiniferatoxin (RTX), or CGRP antagonist BIBN4096, or NK1 receptor antagonist CP99994, or K(+) ATP channel blocker glibenclamide. Alpha-CGRP(-/-) and NK1 (-/-) mice were also investigated. NaHS and Na2S increased [Ca(2+)]i in TRG neurons derived from TRPA(+/+) but not from TRPA1(-/-) mice. NaHS increased cutaneous blood flow, while NaOH, NaSO3 and NaCl did not cause significant changes. NaHS-induced vasodilatation was reduced in RTX-treated animals, as well as by pre-treatment with BIBN4096 or CP99994 alone or in combination. NaHS-induced vasodilatation was significantly smaller in alpha-CGRP(-/-) or NK1 (-/-) mice compared to wild-types. H2S activates capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves through TRPA1 receptors and the resultant vasodilatation is mediated by the release of vasoactive sensory neuropeptides CGRP and substance P.
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Amitriptyline, minocycline and maropitant reduce the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration and potentiate remifentanil but do not prevent acute opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia in the rat: a randomised laboratory study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2016; 32:248-54. [PMID: 24849503 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidepressant amitriptyline, the inhibitor of microglia activation minocycline, and the neurokinin-1 antagonist maropitant have all been used to prevent or treat hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of amitriptyline, minocycline, maropitant, independently or with remifentanil, on the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in rats and whether these drugs may block opioid-induced hyperalgesia and acute opioid tolerance under inhalational anaesthesia. DESIGN A randomised, laboratory study. SETTING Experimental Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. ANIMALS One hundred and fourteen adult male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Intraperitoneal administration of amitriptyline (10 and 50 mg kg-1), minocycline (30 and 100 mg kg-1), maropitant (10 and 30 mg kg-1) or isotonic saline, combined with a constant rate intravenous infusion of remifentanil (240 μg kg-1 h-1) or saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration was determined before and after administration of the drugs; acute opioid tolerance was defined as a decreased ability of remifentanil to reduce the minimum alveolar concentration in the short term. In addition, mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined before and after these treatments. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia was defined as an increase in mechanical nociceptive thresholds after opioid administration. RESULTS Amitriptyline, minocycline and maropitant reduced minimum alveolar concentration up to 24 (8)%, 23 (6)% and 15 (5)%, respectively (P <0.001). Remifentanil alone reduced minimum alveolar concentration by 36 (6)% (P <0.001), and in combination with amitriptyline, minocycline and maropitant, the reduction was 76 (9)%, 75 (16)% and 59 (5)%, respectively (P <0.001). An acute tolerance effect (P < 0.01) and a decrease in the mechanical nociceptive thresholds were observed with remifentanil in all groups. CONCLUSION Amitriptyline, minocycline and maropitant reduced the minimum alveolar concentration and potentiated the remifentanil minimum alveolar concentration reduction but failed to block opioid-induced hyperalgesia and acute opioid tolerance.
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Muley MM, Krustev E, McDougall JJ. Preclinical Assessment of Inflammatory Pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:88-101. [PMID: 26663896 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While acute inflammation is a natural physiological response to tissue injury or infection, chronic inflammation is maladaptive and engenders a considerable amount of adverse pain. The chemical mediators responsible for tissue inflammation act on nociceptive nerve endings to lower neuronal excitation threshold and sensitize afferent firing rate leading to the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia, respectively. Animal models have aided in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the generation of chronic inflammatory pain and allowed us to identify and validate numerous analgesic drug candidates. Here we review some of the commonly used models of skin, joint, and gut inflammatory pain along with their relative benefits and limitations. In addition, we describe and discuss several behavioral and electrophysiological approaches used to assess the inflammatory pain in these preclinical models. Despite significant advances having been made in this area, a gap still exists between fundamental research and the implementation of these findings into a clinical setting. As such we need to characterize inherent pathophysiological pathways and develop new endpoints in these animal models to improve their predictive value of human inflammatory diseases in order to design safer and more effective analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Muley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eugene Krustev
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Marquez M, Boscan P, Weir H, Vogel P, Twedt DC. Comparison of NK-1 Receptor Antagonist (Maropitant) to Morphine as a Pre-Anaesthetic Agent for Canine Ovariohysterectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140734. [PMID: 26513745 PMCID: PMC4626099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the NK-1 receptor antagonist maropitant to morphine during and after surgery in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS 30 healthy female dogs were randomly divided to receive either a pre-anaesthetic dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg SQ) or maropitant (1 mg/kg, SQ) prior to OHE. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Expired isoflurane concentration, heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiratory rate were measured. Post-operative pain scores and appetite were evaluated during the recovery period. Rescue analgesia (morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV) was administered as needed post-operatively based on blinded pain score assessments. RESULTS Although clinically comparable; during surgical stimulation, the maropitant group had lower HR (108±18 vs 115±24 bpm; p = 0.04), lower SAP (114±23 vs 125±23 mmHg; p = 0.003) and required slightly lower percent of isoflurane anaesthetic (1.35±0.2 vs 1.51±0.4%; p = 0.005), when compared to the morphine group. In the recovery period, the maropitant group had lower pain scores at extubation (1.7±0.7 vs 3.4±2.3; p = 0.0001) and were more likely to eat within 3 hours after extubation (64.7 vs 15.3%). However, post-operative rescue analgesia requirements were similar between groups. All other measured parameters were similar between groups. The overall difference observed between groups was small and all monitored and measured parameters were within the expected range for anesthetized dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE No major differences in cardiorespiratory parameters or anaesthetic requirements were observed between maropitant and morphine when used as a pre-anesthetic agent for OHE. Further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the benefits of maropitant as a pre-anaesthetic agent for canine OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Marquez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pedro Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather Weir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pamela Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Corsetti M, Akyuz F, Tack J. Targeting tachykinin receptors for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with a focus on irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1354-70. [PMID: 26088804 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of endogenous peptides widely expressed in the central and in the peripheral nervous systems as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They act as full agonists at three different membrane receptors neurokinin (NK) 1, NK2, and NK3, which are G protein-coupled receptors and in the GI tract are expressed both on neurons and effector cells. PURPOSE This article reviews the literature concerning the role of TKs in the GI tract function in physiological and pathological conditions and their potential relevance in the treatment of functional GI disorders with particular reference to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The efficacy of NK1 antagonists in chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting is well established. While pharmacodynamic studies have reported conflicting and negative results concerning the effects of NK1 and of NK3 antagonists, respectively, on the GI tract function in humans, clinical studies applying the NK3 antagonist talnetant in IBS-D were negative. Pharmacodynamic studies applying NK2 antagonists have suggested a role for antagonism of NK2 receptors in modulation of GI chemical-induced altered motility and of stress-induced altered bowel habits. Clinical studies and in particular a recently completed Phase 2 study have reported that the NK2 antagonist ibodutant is effective and safe in treating symptoms of D-IBS, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corsetti
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Akyuz
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. The neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchical system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brain stem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brain stem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. Neuroplasticity underlying these developmental and pathological changes in voiding function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Griffiths
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Szitter I, Pintér E, Perkecz A, Kemény A, Kun J, Kereskai L, Pietra C, Quinn JP, Zimmer A, Berger A, Paige CJ, Helyes Z. Role of neurokinin 1 receptors in dextran sulfate-induced colitis: studies with gene-deleted mice and the selective receptor antagonist netupitant. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:399-409. [PMID: 24468892 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The function of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor was investigated in the DSS-induced mouse colitis model using NK1 receptor-deficient mice and the selective antagonist netupitant. SUBJECTS Colitis was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/ml DSS solution for 7 days in C57BL/6 and Tacr1 KO animals (n = 5-7). TREATMENT During the induction, one-half of the C57BL/6 and Tacr1 KO group received one daily dose of 6 mg/kg netupitant, administered intraperitoneally, the other half of the group received saline, respectively. METHODS Disease activity index (DAI), on the basis of stool consistency, blood and weight loss, was determined over 7 days. Histological evaluation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement, cytokine concentrations and receptor expression analysis were performed on the colon samples. RESULTS NK1 receptors are up-regulated in the colon in response to DSS treatment. DSS increased DAI, histopathological scores, BLC, sICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-16 and JE in wildtype mice, which were significantly reduced in NK1 receptor-deficient ones. NK1 receptor antagonism with netupitant significantly diminished DAI, inflammatory histopathological alterations, BLC, IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-16 in wildtype mice, but not in the NK1-deficient ones. MPO was similarly elevated and netupitant significantly decreased its activity in both groups. CONCLUSIONS NK1 receptor antagonism could be beneficial for colitis via inhibiting different inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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A systematic review of the evidence for central nervous system plasticity in animal models of inflammatory-mediated gastrointestinal pain. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:176-95. [PMID: 24284415 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000437499.52922.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain frequently accompanies inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and animal models of GIT inflammation have been developed to explore the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in this process. Here, we summarize the evidence from animal studies for CNS plasticity following GIT inflammation. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that: (1) used inflammation of GIT organs, (2) assessed pain or visceral hypersensitivity, and (3) presented evidence of CNS involvement. Two hundred and eight articles were identified, and 79 were eligible for analysis. RESULTS Rats were most widely used (76%). Most studies used adult animals (42%) with a bias toward males (74%). Colitis was the most frequently used model (78%) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid the preferred inflammatory agent (33%). Behavioral (58%), anatomical/molecular (44%), and physiological (24%) approaches were used alone or in combination to assess CNS involvement during or after GIT inflammation. Measurement times varied widely (<1 h-> 2 wk after inflammation). Blinded outcomes were used in 42% studies, randomization in 10%, and evidence of visceral inflammation in 54%. Only 3 studies fulfilled our criteria for high methodological quality, and no study reported sample size calculations. CONCLUSIONS The included studies provide strong evidence for CNS plasticity following GIT inflammation, specifically in the spinal cord dorsal horn. This evidence includes altered visceromotor responses and indices of referred pain, elevated neural activation and peptide content, and increased neuronal excitability. This evidence supports continued use of this approach for preclinical studies; however, there is substantial scope to improve study design.
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Bodkin JV, Fernandes ES. TRPV1 and SP: key elements for sepsis outcome? Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1279-92. [PMID: 23145480 PMCID: PMC3838676 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sensory neurons play important roles in many disorders, including inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis. Sepsis is a potentially lethal systemic inflammatory reaction to a local bacterial infection, affecting thousands of patients annually. Although associated with a high mortality rate, sepsis outcome depends on the severity of systemic inflammation, which can be directly influenced by several factors, including the immune response of the patient. Currently, there is a lack of effective drugs to treat sepsis, and thus there is a need to develop new drugs to improve sepsis outcome. Several mediators involved in the formation of sepsis have now been identified, but the mechanisms underlying the pathology remain poorly understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and the neuropeptide substance P (SP) have recently been demonstrated as important targets for sepsis and are located on sensory neurones and non-neuronal cells. Herein, we highlight and review the importance of sensory neurones for the modulation of sepsis, with specific focus on recent findings relating to TRPV1 and SP, with their distinct abilities to alter the transition from local to systemic inflammation and also modify the overall sepsis outcome. We also emphasize the protective role of TRPV1 in this context. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
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Assessment of the antinociceptive effects of pregabalin alone or in combination with morphine during acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Niyom S, Boscan P, Twedt DC, Monnet E, Eickhoff JC. Effect of maropitant, a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane during stimulation of the ovarian ligament in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:425-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Borbély É, Hajna Z, Sándor K, Kereskai L, Tóth I, Pintér E, Nagy P, Szolcsányi J, Quinn J, Zimmer A, Stewart J, Paige C, Berger A, Helyes Z. Role of tachykinin 1 and 4 gene-derived neuropeptides and the neurokinin 1 receptor in adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis of the mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61684. [PMID: 23626716 PMCID: PMC3634005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Substance P, encoded by the Tac1 gene, is involved in neurogenic inflammation and hyperalgesia via neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor activation. Its non-neuronal counterpart, hemokinin-1, which is derived from the Tac4 gene, is also a potent NK1 agonist. Although hemokinin-1 has been described as a tachykinin of distinct origin and function compared to SP, its role in inflammatory and pain processes has not yet been elucidated in such detail. In this study, we analysed the involvement of tachykinins derived from the Tac1 and Tac4 genes, as well as the NK1 receptor in chronic arthritis of the mouse. Methods Complete Freund’s Adjuvant was injected intraplantarly and into the tail of Tac1−/−, Tac4−/−, Tacr1−/− (NK1 receptor deficient) and Tac1−/−/Tac4−/− mice. Paw volume was measured by plethysmometry and mechanosensitivity using dynamic plantar aesthesiometry over a time period of 21 days. Semiquantitative histopathological scoring and ELISA measurement of IL-1β concentrations of the tibiotarsal joints were performed. Results Mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly reduced from day 11 in Tac4−/− and Tacr1−/− animals, while paw swelling was not altered in any strain. Inflammatory histopathological alterations (synovial swelling, leukocyte infiltration, cartilage destruction, bone damage) and IL-1β concentration in the joint homogenates were significantly smaller in Tac4−/− and Tac1−/−/Tac4−/− mice. Conclusions Hemokinin-1, but not substance P increases inflammation and hyperalgesia in the late phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis. While NK1 receptors mediate its antihyperalgesic actions, the involvement of another receptor in histopathological changes and IL-1β production is suggested.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/genetics
- Edema/metabolism
- Edema/pathology
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/genetics
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/pathology
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Plethysmography
- Protein Precursors/deficiency
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Substance P/deficiency
- Substance P/genetics
- Tachykinins/deficiency
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tarsus, Animal/metabolism
- Tarsus, Animal/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hajna
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Kereskai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - John Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Stewart
- School of Infection and Host Defense, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Paige
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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37
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Acute colitis induces neurokinin 1 receptor internalization in the rat lumbosacral spinal cord. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59234. [PMID: 23555638 PMCID: PMC3605455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), play important roles in transmitting and regulating somatosensory nociceptive information. However, their roles in visceral nociceptive transmission and regulation remain to be elucidated. In the previous study, moderate SP immunoreactive (SP-ir) terminals and NK1R-ir neurons were observed in the dorsal commissural nucleus (DCN) of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Thus we hypothesized that the SP-NK1R system is involved in visceral pain transmission and control within the DCN. The acute visceral pain behaviors, the colon histological changes and the temporal and spatial changes of NK1R-ir structures and Fos expression in the neurons of the DCN were observed in rats following lower colon instillation with 5% formalin. The formalin instillation induced significant acute colitis as revealed by the histological changes in the colon. NK1R internalization in the DCN was obvious at 8 min. It reached a peak (75.3%) at 30 min, began to decrease at 90 min (58.1%) and finally reached the minimum (19.7%) at 3 h after instillation. Meanwhile, formalin instillation induced a biphasic visceral pain response as well as a strong expression of Fos protein in the nuclei of neurons in the DCN. Finally, intrathecal treatment with the NK1R antagonist L732138 attenuated the NK1R internalization, Fos expression and visceral nociceptive responses. The present results suggest that the visceral nociceptive information arising from inflamed pelvic organs, such as the lower colon, might be mediated by the NK1R-ir neurons in the DCN of the lumbosacral spinal cord.
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Pitcher MH, Nieto FR, Cervero F. Stimulation of Cutaneous Low Threshold Mechanoreceptors in Mice After Intracolonic Capsaicin Increases Spinal c-Fos Labeling in an NKCC1-Dependent Fashion. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alvillar BM, Boscan P, Mama KR, Ferreira TH, Congdon J, Twedt DC. Effect of epidural and intravenous use of the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist maropitant on the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2012; 39:201-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Tillisch K, Labus J, Nam B, Bueller J, Smith S, Suyenobu B, Siffert J, McKelvy J, Naliboff B, Mayer E. Neurokinin-1-receptor antagonism decreases anxiety and emotional arousal circuit response to noxious visceral distension in women with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:360-7. [PMID: 22221140 PMCID: PMC4073664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome is characterised by chronic abdominal pain and frequent comorbid anxiety. The substance P ⁄ neurokinin-1 receptor system is implicated in the regulation of both pain and anxiety, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in IBS. AIM To determine whether inhibition of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) will change pain ratings and brain responses to experimental visceral pain and anxiety symptoms in women with IBS or not. METHODS Rome II positive IBS women were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of NK1R antagonist AV608. Treatment periods were 3 weeks with a 2-week washout period. Functional MRI during a visceral distension paradigm was performed before first treatment and after treatment blocks. SPM8 was used to compare brain activity during painful and nonpainful visceral stimuli in regions associated with emotional arousal and interoception. Negative affect, anxiety symptoms and pain ratings were assessed. RESULTS Eleven subjects completed the study and eight subjects provided fMRI data. AV608, compared with placebo, was associated with reduced anxiety, negative affect, and pain ratings. During AV608 treatment, the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus showed decreased activity during visceral distension. AV608 was also associated with decreases in activity in brain regions associated with interoception (posterior insula, anterior mid-cingulate gyrus). CONCLUSIONS Chronic treatment with AV608 in IBS is associated with improved mood and pain ratings and activity of emotional arousal related brain regions. This suggests that further exploration of NK1R antagonists is warranted in visceral pain disorders, particularly in patients with comorbid anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tillisch
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Boscan P, Monnet E, Mama K, Twedt DC, Congdon J, Steffey EP. Effect of maropitant, a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, on anesthetic requirements during noxious visceral stimulation of the ovary in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1576-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.12.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Satb1 ablation alters temporal expression of immediate early genes and reduces dendritic spine density during postnatal brain development. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 32:333-47. [PMID: 22064485 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05917-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex behaviors, such as learning and memory, are associated with rapid changes in gene expression of neurons and subsequent formation of new synaptic connections. However, how external signals are processed to drive specific changes in gene expression is largely unknown. We found that the genome organizer protein Satb1 is highly expressed in mature neurons, primarily in the cerebral cortex, dentate hilus, and amygdala. In Satb1-null mice, cortical layer morphology was normal. However, in postnatal Satb1-null cortical pyramidal neurons, we found a substantial decrease in the density of dendritic spines, which play critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Further, we found that in the cerebral cortex, Satb1 binds to genomic loci of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) (Fos, Fosb, Egr1, Egr2, Arc, and Bdnf) and other key neuronal genes, many of which have been implicated in synaptic plasticity. Loss of Satb1 resulted in greatly alters timing and expression levels of these IEGs during early postnatal cerebral cortical development and also upon stimulation in cortical organotypic cultures. These data indicate that Satb1 is required for proper temporal dynamics of IEG expression. Based on these findings, we propose that Satb1 plays a critical role in cortical neurons to facilitate neuronal plasticity.
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An automated evaluation system for analyzing antinociceptive effects on intracolonic capsaicin-induced visceral pain-related licking behavior in mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 64:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effect of subchronic administration of tachykinin antagonists on response of guinea-pigs to mild and severe stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 168:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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NK-1-receptor-mediated lesion of spinal post-synaptic dorsal column neurons might improve intractable visceral pain of cancer origin. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:102-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Much of the current research on lower urinary tract dysfunction is focused on afferent mechanisms. The main goals are to define and modulate the signaling pathways by which afferent information is generated and conveyed to the central nervous system. Alterations in bladder afferent mechanisms are a potential source of voiding dysfunction and an emerging source of drug targets. Even some established drug therapies such as muscarinic receptor antagonists, as well as emerging therapies such as botulinum toxin type-A, may act partly through afferent mechanisms. This review presents up-to-date findings on the localization of afferent fiber types within the bladder wall, afferent receptors and transmitters, and how these may communicate with the urothelium, interstitial cells, and detrusor smooth muscle to regulate micturition in normal and pathological bladders. Peripheral and central mechanisms of afferent sensitization and myogenic mechanisms that lead to detrusor overactivity, overactive bladder symptoms, and urgency sensations are also covered as well as new therapeutic approaches and new and established methods of measuring afferent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kanai
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261, USA.
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Helyes Z, Elekes K, Sándor K, Szitter I, Kereskai L, Pintér E, Kemény A, Szolcsányi J, McLaughlin L, Vasiliou S, Kipar A, Zimmer A, Hunt SP, Stewart JP, Quinn JP. Involvement of preprotachykinin A gene-encoded peptides and the neurokinin 1 receptor in endotoxin-induced murine airway inflammation. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:399-406. [PMID: 20579732 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins encoded by the preprotachykinin A (TAC1) gene such as substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are involved in neurogenic inflammatory processes via predominantly neurokinins 1 and 2 (NK1 and NK2) receptor activation, respectively. Endokinins and hemokinins encoded by the TAC4 gene also have remarkable selectivity and potency for the NK1 receptors and might participate in inflammatory cell functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate endotoxin-induced airway inflammation and consequent bronchial hyper-reactivity in TAC1(-/-), NK1(-/-) and also in double knockout (TAC1(-/-)/NK1(-/-)) mice. Sub-acute interstitial lung inflammation was evoked by intranasal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the knockout mice and their wildtype C57BL/6 counterparts 24 h before measurement. Respiratory parameters were measured with unrestrained whole body plethysmography. Bronchoconstriction was induced by inhalation of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and Penh (enhanced pause) correlating with airway resistance was calculated. Lung interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were measured with ELISA. Histological evaluation was performed and a composite morphological score was determined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung was measured with spectrophotometry to quantify the number of infiltrating neutrophils/macrophages. Airway hyper-reactivity was significantly reduced in the TAC1(-/-) as well as the TAC1(-/-)/NK1(-/-) groups. However, LPS-induced histological inflammatory changes (perivascular/peribronchial oedema, neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia), MPO activity and TNF-alpha concentration were markedly diminished only in TAC1(-/-) mice. Interestingly, the concentrations of both cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, were significantly greater in the NK1(-/-) group. These data clearly demonstrated on the basis of histology, MPO and cytokine measurements that TAC1 gene-derived tachykinins, SP and NKA, play a significant role in the development of endotoxin-induced murine airway inflammation, but not solely via NK1 receptor activation. However, in inflammatory bronchial hyper-responsiveness other tachykinins, such as hemokinin-1 acting through NK1 receptors also might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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Identifying the Ion Channels Responsible for Signaling Gastro-Intestinal Based Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2768-2798. [PMID: 27713376 PMCID: PMC4034097 DOI: 10.3390/ph3092768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We are normally unaware of the complex signalling events which continuously occur within our internal organs. Most of us only become cognisant when sensations of hunger, fullness, urgency or gas arise. However, for patients with organic and functional bowel disorders pain is an unpleasant and often debilitating reminder. Furthermore, chronic pain still represents a large unmet need for clinical treatment. Consequently, chronic pain has a considerable economic impact on health care systems and the afflicted individuals. In order to address this need we must understand how symptoms are generated within the gut, the molecular pathways responsible for generating these signals and how this process changes in disease states.
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Oshima T, Koseki J, Sakurai J, Watari J, Matsumoto T, Miwa H. NK-1 receptor is involved in the decreased movement in a rat chronic acid reflux oesophagitis model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:579-84, e125. [PMID: 20059697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that rats with reflux oesophagitis (RE) show a decrease in voluntary movement, which could be used as a measure of chronic visceral symptoms. However, what mediates these symptoms is still unknown, and pain-related neuropeptides or their receptors in oesophageal mucosa are possibly related to the symptom generation of oesophagitis. In the present study, we investigated the role of NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) as a mediator of oesophagitis symptoms. METHODS Chronic RE was surgically induced using rats. The degree or severity of oesophageal symptoms was evaluated by assessing voluntary movement, which was monitored using an infrared sensor system. The NK-1R antagonist, L-732,138, was administered and changes in voluntary movement were assessed. Ten days after surgery, the rats were killed to examine the oesophagus. NK-1R and tachykinin-1 mRNA were detected by real-time RT-PCR. NK-1R protein expression was examined by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Voluntary movement of the oesophagitis model rats was significantly lower than that of the sham-operated rats on day 10. The size of oesophageal mucosal erosion did not correlate with the amount of voluntary movement. The amount of NK-1R protein and mRNA in the oesophageal tissue was significantly higher at both the erosion and non-erosion sites. The amount of tachykinin-1 mRNA in oesophageal tissue at the non-erosion sites was significantly higher in oesophagitis rats. The voluntary movement of oesophagitis rats was significantly increased by the administration of L-732,138. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The NK-1R and related neuropeptides are possibly involved in the decrease in voluntary movement of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oshima
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Peng HY, Chen GD, Lai CY, Hsieh MC, Hsu HH, Wu HC, Lin TB. PI3K modulates estrogen-dependent facilitation of colon-to-urethra cross-organ reflex sensitization in ovariectomized female rats. J Neurochem 2010; 113:54-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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