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Viana JPC, Lopes-da-Silva M, Viana MC, Tidon R. Establishment and Expansion Scenario of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Central Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:975-985. [PMID: 37126190 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), also known as spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is an important pest that damages various wild and cultivated soft fruits worldwide, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, it occurs mainly in the subtropical climates of the southern and southeastern regions. However, SWD has also been sporadically found in the central region of the country in the natural vegetation of the tropical Brazilian Savanna. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of SWD at the northern limit of its range in South America - the central region of Brazil - by monitoring an established drosophilid community in an orchard located in the Brazilian Federal District. We also investigated the current geographical distribution of this pest in Brazil and its potential geographical distribution using species distribution models under two different future shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (2040 and 2060, optimist and pessimist). Twenty drosophilid species were detected among the 6,396 captured specimens, most of which are exotic in the Neotropical region. The fly community greatly fluctuated throughout the year, and the highest abundance of SWD (3.5% relative abundance and 1.38 flies/trap/day) was recorded in April during the rainy season. Potential distribution models indicate that suitable areas for SWD spread will decrease in the south and southeast but increase in the central region of Brazil. We recommend continuous SWD monitoring and improving bioclimatic forecast models for mitigating damage to local fruit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cavalcante Viana
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Univ de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lopes-da-Silva
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Tidon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Univ de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Depto de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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2
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Lo Pinto M, Guarino S, Agrò A. Evidence of Seasonal Variation in Body Color in Adults of the Parasitoid Cirrospilus pictus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Sicily, Italy. INSECTS 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 36662018 PMCID: PMC9864248 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As part of the studies on the morphological color variation of insects, a case study on the seasonal body color variation of Cirrospilus pictus (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) parasitoid of leafminers is reported. Observations were made from January 2000 to December 2003 in north-western Sicily (Italy), in relation to sex, body regions of adults and seasonal periods. Wasps parasitizing Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were collected from organic citrus orchards (Citrus limon L., var. "Femminello zagara bianca" and "Femminello comune"). Adults were grouped in classes: yellow males, black males, yellow females, yellow-black females and black females. The results highlighted a phenotypic pigmentation variation in the head, thorax, gaster and legs of individuals influenced by the season of sampling. Adults were yellow-green in summer months, whereas individuals with dark pigmentation were found in autumn and winter months. A correlation between color patterns and seasonal temperatures was found for both females and males. This work provides a contribution to the description of the intraspecific variability of this species, improving its identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Lo Pinto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guarino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Agrò
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Machida WS, Tidon R, Klaczko J. Wing plastic response to temperature variation in two distantly related Neotropical Drosophila species (Diptera, Drosophilidae). CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been described for morphological and life-history traits in many organisms. In Drosophila, temperature drives phenotypic change in several traits, but few Neotropical species have been studied and whether the phenotypic variation associated with plasticity is adaptive remains unclear. Here, we studied the phenotypic response to temperature variation in the distantly related Neotropical species Drosophila mercatorum Patterson and Wheeler, 1942 and Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, 1916. We evaluate if wing shape variation follows that observed in the Neotropical species Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916: round wings at lower temperatures and narrower wings at higher temperatures. The variation in egg–adult development time and in wing size, shape, and allometry was described using reaction norms and geometric morphometrics. In both species, development time and wing size decreased with increasing temperature and wing allometry showed that size explained ≈10% of the shape variation. Wing shape, however, exhibited contrasting responses. At higher temperatures, D. mercatorum developed slightly slender wings, following the pattern previously found for D. cardini, whereas D. willistoni developed plumper and shorter wings, supporting previous studies on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. We conclude that all traits studied here were influenced by temperature, and that wing shape seems also to be influenced by phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waira S. Machida
- Graduate Program on Ecology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Rosana Tidon
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Julia Klaczko
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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4
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Mohamed SA, Azrag AGA, Obala F, Ndlela S. Estimating the Demographic Parameters of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using Temperature-Dependent Development Models and Their Validation under Fluctuating Temperature. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020181. [PMID: 35205048 PMCID: PMC8869599 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tuta absoluta is an invasive insect pest that has spread widely and established itself in many countries since its first detection in Spain in 2006. The devastating moth originates in South America and attacks tomato and other solanaceous vegetables, leading to huge losses in yield and potential income particularly for small-scale farmers who often lack the resources and knowledge to manage the pest. In most cases, farmers have resorted to the indiscriminate application of broad-spectrum synthetic pesticides, which in most cases are not registered and are often used at high doses. This has resulted in the pest developing resistance to most major classes of pesticides. In addition, the non-selective use of toxic pesticides has resulted in negative effects on the health of users, consumers, and non-target organisms such as pollinators and natural enemies of insect pests. Various tactics aimed at controlling T. absoluta have been developed and are at different stages of adoption by farmers. To ensure that they are effective, sustainable, and friendly to both users and the environment, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the pest’s biology and ecology. To this effect, the present study developed models to predict intricate details of the pest’s development, survival, and reproduction using data generated in laboratory studies. Among other important findings, the study reports that temperatures between 20–25 °C are ideal for the development, survival, reproduction, and increase in the population of T. absoluta. These findings are vital in developing strategies in managing the pest, especially in light of global climate change. Abstract The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest that devastates the production of tomatoes and other solanaceous vegetables. Since its trans-Atlantic invasion in 2006, T. absoluta has spread and established in many countries across the Afro-Eurasian Supercontinent, causing huge yield losses. This study aimed to determine the relationship between temperature and the life history traits of T. absoluta and provide the thermal thresholds for development using life cycle modelling. Linear and non-linear models were fitted to life table data collected at five constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, with Relative Humidity 70 ± 5% and photoperiod 12L:12D. Another experiment was conducted at fluctuating temperatures to validate the laboratory results. Tuta absoluta completed its life cycle at temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. The development time ranged between 4.0–11 days, 6.3–16.0 days, and 5.4–20.7 days for egg, larva, and pupa, respectively. The lowest thermal threshold was estimated at 8.10, 7.83, and 11.62 °C, respectively for egg, larva, and pupa. While the optimum temperature for T. absoluta immature stages survival and female fecundity were predicted at a temperature range of 21–23 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm), gross reproductive (GRR), and net reproductive (Ro) rates were significantly higher at temperatures between 20–25 °C. The model validation outcome showed similarities between observed and simulated values for development time, mortality rate, and life table parameters, attesting to the quality of the phenology model. Our results will help in predicting the effect of climate warming on the distribution and population dynamics of T. absoluta. Furthermore, the results could be used to develop management strategies adapted to different agroecological zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (S.A.M.); (F.O.); or (S.N.)
| | - Abdelmutalab G. A. Azrag
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (S.A.M.); (F.O.); or (S.N.)
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Medani 21111, Sudan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Francis Obala
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (S.A.M.); (F.O.); or (S.N.)
| | - Shepard Ndlela
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (S.A.M.); (F.O.); or (S.N.)
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Sarikaya DP, Rickelton K, Cridland JM, Hatmaker R, Sheehy HK, Davis S, Khan N, Kochummen A, Begun DJ. Sex and tissue-specific evolution of developmental plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1334-1341. [PMID: 33598134 PMCID: PMC7863663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental plasticity influences the size of adult tissues in insects. Tissues can have unique responses to environmental perturbation during development; however, the prevalence of within species evolution of tissue-specific developmental plasticity remains unclear. To address this, we studied the effects of temperature and nutrition on wing and femur size in D. melanogaster populations from a temperate and tropical region. Wings were more sensitive to temperature, while wings and femurs were equally responsive to nutrition in both populations and sexes. The temperate population was larger under all conditions, except for femurs of starved females. In line with this, we observed greater femur size plasticity in response to starvation in temperate females, leading to differences in sexual dimorphism between populations such that the slope of the reaction norm of sexual dimorphism in the tropical population was double that of the temperate population. Lastly, we observed a significant trend for steeper slopes of reaction norms in temperate than in tropical females, but not in males. These findings highlight that plasticity divergence between populations can evolve heterogeneously across sexes and tissues and that nutritional plasticity can alter sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem P. Sarikaya
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | | | | | - Ryan Hatmaker
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Sophia Davis
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Nossin Khan
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | | | - David J. Begun
- Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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6
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Varón‐González C, Fraimout A, Debat V. Drosophila suzukii wing spot size is robust to developmental temperature. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3178-3188. [PMID: 32273979 PMCID: PMC7141071 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism allowing adaptation to new environments and as such it has been suggested to facilitate biological invasions. Under this assumption, invasive populations are predicted to exhibit stronger plastic responses than native populations. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species whose males harbor a spot on the wing tip. In this study, by manipulating developmental temperature, we compare the phenotypic plasticity of wing spot size of two invasive populations with that of a native population. We then compare the results with data obtained from wild-caught flies from different natural populations. While both wing size and spot size are plastic to temperature, no difference in plasticity was detected between native and invasive populations, rejecting the hypothesis of a role of the wing-spot plasticity in the invasion success. In contrast, we observed a remarkable stability in the spot-to-wing ratio across temperatures, as well as among geographic populations. This stability suggests either that the spot relative size is under stabilizing selection, or that its variation might be constrained by a tight developmental correlation between spot size and wing size. Our data show that this correlation was lost at high temperature, leading to an increased variation in the relative spot size, particularly marked in the two invasive populations. This suggests: (a) that D. suzukii's development is impaired by hot temperatures, in agreement with the cold-adapted status of this species; (b) that the spot size can be decoupled from wing size, rejecting the hypothesis of an absolute constraint and suggesting that the wing color pattern might be under stabilizing (sexual) selection; and (c) that such sexual selection might be relaxed in the invasive populations. Finally, a subtle but consistent directional asymmetry in spot size was detected in favor of the right side in all populations and temperatures, possibly indicative of a lateralized sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceferino Varón‐González
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Antoine Fraimout
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
- Present address:
Ecological Genetics Research UnitOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biology and Environmental SciencesBiocenter 3University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
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7
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Flatt T. Life-History Evolution and the Genetics of Fitness Components in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 214:3-48. [PMID: 31907300 PMCID: PMC6944413 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits or "fitness components"-such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span-are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan distribution, ease of maintenance in the laboratory, well-understood evolutionary genetics, and its versatile genetic toolbox, the "vinegar fly" Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most powerful, experimentally tractable model systems for studying "life-history evolution." Here, I review what has been learned about the evolution and genetics of life-history variation in D. melanogaster by drawing on numerous sources spanning population and quantitative genetics, genomics, experimental evolution, evolutionary ecology, and physiology. This body of work has contributed greatly to our knowledge of several fundamental problems in evolutionary biology, including the amount and maintenance of genetic variation, the evolution of body size, clines and climate adaptation, the evolution of senescence, phenotypic plasticity, the nature of life-history trade-offs, and so forth. While major progress has been made, important facets of these and other questions remain open, and the D. melanogaster system will undoubtedly continue to deliver key insights into central issues of life-history evolution and the genetics of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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8
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Varón-González C, Fraimout A, Delapré A, Debat V, Cornette R. Limited thermal plasticity and geographical divergence in the ovipositor of Drosophila suzukii. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191577. [PMID: 32218976 PMCID: PMC7029920 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been repeatedly suggested to facilitate adaptation to new environmental conditions, as in invasions. Here, we investigate this possibility by focusing on the worldwide invasion of Drosophila suzukii: an invasive species that has rapidly colonized all continents over the last decade. This species is characterized by a highly developed ovipositor, allowing females to lay eggs through the skin of ripe fruits. Using a novel approach based on the combined use of scanning electron microscopy and photogrammetry, we quantified the ovipositor size and three-dimensional shape, contrasting invasive and native populations raised at three different developmental temperatures. We found a small but significant effect of temperature and geographical origin on the ovipositor shape, showing the occurrence of both geographical differentiation and plasticity to temperature. The shape reaction norms are in turn strikingly similar among populations, suggesting very little difference in shape plasticity among invasive and native populations, and therefore rejecting the hypothesis of a particular role for the plasticity of the ovipositor in the invasion success. Overall, the ovipositor shape seems to be a fairly robust trait, indicative of stabilizing selection. The large performance spectrum rather than the flexibility of the ovipositor would thus contribute to the success of D. suzukii worldwide invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceferino Varón-González
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Fraimout
- Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, UMR CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Delapré
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Gu X, Zhao Y, Su Y, Wu J, Wang Z, Hu J, Liu L, Zhao Z, Hoffmann AA, Chen B, Li Z. A transcriptional and functional analysis of heat hardening in two invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera correcta. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1147-1163. [PMID: 31293628 PMCID: PMC6597872 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects have the capacity to increase their resistance to high temperatures by undergoing heat hardening at nonlethal temperatures. Although this response is well established, its molecular underpinnings have only been investigated in a few species where it seems to relate at least partly to the expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes. Here, we studied the mechanism of hardening and associated transcription responses in larvae of two invasive fruit fly species in China, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera correcta. Both species showed hardening which increased resistance to 45°C, although the more widespread B. dorsalis hardened better at higher temperatures compared to B. correcta which hardened better at lower temperatures. Transcriptional analyses highlighted expression changes in a number of genes representing different biochemical pathways, but these changes and pathways were inconsistent between the two species. Overall B. dorsalis showed expression changes in more genes than B. correcta. Hsp genes tended to be upregulated at a hardening temperature of 38°C in both species, while at 35°C many Hsp genes tended to be upregulated in B. correcta but not B. dorsalis. One candidate gene (the small heat shock protein gene, Hsp23) with a particularly high level of upregulation was investigated functionally using RNA interference (RNAi). We found that RNAi may be more efficient in B. dorsalis, in which suppression of the expression of this gene removed the hardening response, whereas in B. correcta RNAi did not decrease the hardening response. The different patterns of gene expression in these two species at the two hardening temperatures highlight the diverse mechanisms underlying hardening even in closely related species. These results may provide target genes for future control efforts against such pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Gu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiajiao Wu
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziya Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Juntao Hu
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Present address:
College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Wang SP, Althoff DM. Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment. Evolution 2019; 73:303-316. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pei Wang
- Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244
| | - David M. Althoff
- Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244
- Archbold Biological Station Venus FL 33960
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11
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Dongmo MAK, Bonebrake TC, Hanna R, Fomena A. Seasonal Polyphenism in Bicyclus dorothea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Across Different Habitats in Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1601-1608. [PMID: 30219832 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms exhibit changes in phenotypic traits as a response to seasonal environmental variation. We investigated the role of habitat in generating seasonal polyphenism in different populations of the light bush brown butterfly Bicyclus dorothea (Cramer, 1779) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Cameroon. Butterflies were caught during the wet and dry seasons across four localities representing two distinct habitats, namely forest and ecotone (forest-savanna transition zone) over a 2-yr period (2015-2016). We found distinct variation in the wing pattern characteristics of butterflies in response to seasonality and habitat. Specifically we observed that: 1) all wing characters are not seasonally plastic in B. dorothea; 2) populations from ecotone tend to be more variable, with individuals exhibiting wings with large spots during the wet season and very reduced spots in the dry season while in forest populations, individuals exhibit wings with large spots during the wet season, but in the dry season, spots are not as greatly reduced as their ecotone counterparts; 3) this polyphenism in B. dorothea alternated consistently during the wet and dry seasons over the 2 yr of sampling. Bicyclus species have become a textbook example of seasonal polyphenism while this study extends this model system to the unique forest-ecotone gradient of Central Africa and demonstrates the complexity of seasonal forms in different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A K Dongmo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timothy C Bonebrake
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachid Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abraham Fomena
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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12
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Soh BSB, Kekeunou S, Nanga Nanga S, Dongmo M, Rachid H. Effect of temperature on the biological parameters of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11819-11832. [PMID: 30598779 PMCID: PMC6303750 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, is a pest of many plants of the Brassicaceae family including cabbage, Brassica oleracea Linnaeus, 1753. We investigated the effect of temperature on the biological parameters of B. brassicae using different temperature-based models incorporated in the Insect Life Cycle Modelling (ILCYM) software. Nymphs of first stage were individually placed in the incubators successively set at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C; 75 ± 5% RH; and L12: D12-hr photoperiods. We found that first nymph reached the adult stage after 18.45 ± 0.04 days (10°C), 10.37 ± 0.26 days (15°C), 6.42 ± 0.07 days (20°C), 5.076 ± 0.09 days (25°C), and 5.05 ± 0.10 days (30°C), and failed at 35°C. The lower lethal temperatures for B. brassicae were 1.64°C, 1.57°C, 1.56°C, and 1.62°C with a thermal constant for development of 0.88, 0.87, and 0.08, 0.79 degree/day for nymphs I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The temperatures 10, 30, and 35°C were more lethal than 15, 20, and 25°C. Longevity was highest at 10°C (35.07 ± 1.38 days). Fertility was nil at 30°C and highest at 20°C (46.36 ± 1.73 nymphs/female). The stochastic simulation of the models obtained from the precedent biological parameters revealed that the life table parameters of B. brassicae were affected by the temperature. The net reproduction rate was highest at 20°C and lowest at 30°C. The average generation time decreased from 36.85 ± 1.5 days (15°C) to 6.86 ± 0.1 days (30°C); the intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase were highest at 25°C. In general, the life cycle data and mathematical functions obtained in this study clearly illustrate the effect of temperature on the biology of B. brassicae. This knowledge will contribute to predicting the changes that may occur in a population of B. Brassiace in response to temperature variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Steve Baleba Soh
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureYaoundéCameroon
- Laboratory of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé 1YaoundéCameroon
| | - Sevilor Kekeunou
- Laboratory of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé 1YaoundéCameroon
| | - Samuel Nanga Nanga
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureYaoundéCameroon
- Laboratory of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé 1YaoundéCameroon
| | - Michel Dongmo
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureYaoundéCameroon
- Laboratory of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé 1YaoundéCameroon
| | - Hannah Rachid
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureYaoundéCameroon
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13
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Ørsted M, Hoffmann AA, Rohde PD, Sørensen P, Kristensen TN. Strong impact of thermal environment on the quantitative genetic basis of a key stress tolerance trait. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:315-325. [PMID: 30050062 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms experience variable and sometimes suboptimal environments in their lifetime. While stressful environmental conditions are normally viewed as a strong selective force, they can also impact directly on the genetic basis of traits such as through environment-dependent gene action. Here, we used the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel to investigate the impact of developmental temperature on variance components and evolutionary potential of cold tolerance. We reared 166 lines at five temperatures and assessed cold tolerance of adult male flies from each line and environment. We show (1) that the expression of genetic variation for cold tolerance is highly dependent on developmental temperature, (2) that the genetic correlation of cold tolerance between environments decreases as developmental temperatures become more distinct, (3) that the correlation between cold tolerance at individual developmental temperatures and plasticity for cold tolerance differs across developmental temperatures, and even switches sign across the thermal developmental gradient, and (4) that evolvability decrease with increasing developmental temperatures. Our results show that the quantitative genetic basis of low temperature tolerance is environment specific. This conclusion is important for the understanding of evolution in variable thermal environments and for designing experiments aimed at pinpointing candidate genes and performing functional analyses of thermal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ørsted
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg E, 9220, Denmark. .,Department of Bioscience, Section of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg E, 9220, Denmark.,School of Biosciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg E, 9220, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Section of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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14
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Fraimout A, Jacquemart P, Villarroel B, Aponte DJ, Decamps T, Herrel A, Cornette R, Debat V. Phenotypic plasticity of Drosophila suzukii wing to developmental temperature: implications for flight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/13/jeb166868. [PMID: 29987053 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism that facilitates the success of biological invasions. In order to test the hypothesis of an adaptive role for plasticity in invasions, particular attention should be paid to the relationship between the focal plastic trait, the environmental stimulus and the functional importance of the trait. The Drosophila wing is particularly amenable to experimental studies of phenotypic plasticity. Wing morphology is known for its plastic variation under different experimental temperatures, but this plasticity has rarely been investigated in a functional context of flight. Here, we investigate the effect of temperature on wing morphology and flight in the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii Although the rapid invasion of both Europe and North America was most likely facilitated by human activities, D. suzukii is also expected to disperse actively. By quantifying wing morphology and individual flight trajectories of flies raised under different temperatures, we tested whether (1) invasive populations of D. suzukii show higher phenotypic plasticity than their native counterparts, and (2) wing plasticity affects flight parameters. Developmental temperature was found to affect both wing morphology and flight parameters (in particular speed and acceleration), leaving open the possibility of an adaptive value for wing plasticity. Our results show no difference in phenotypic plasticity between invasive and native populations, rejecting a role for wing plasticity in the invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemart
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Villarroel
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - David J Aponte
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Thierry Decamps
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Clemente M, Fusco G, Tonina L, Giomi F. Temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity in the ovipositor of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:62-68. [PMID: 30017053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) is a highly successful invasive dipteran which represents a serious threat for global fruit industry. Among other adaptive traits, D. suzukii owes its success to the derived morphological features of its ovipositor, which allows the insect to exploit the exclusive ecological niche of fresh fruit, thus avoiding competition with other closely related species. With the aim of investigating temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity of D. suzukii ovipositor, we reared this insect in four different laboratory conditions, represented by the combination of two developmental temperatures and two diet regimes for the larvae. We recorded the effects of these two factors on ovipositor size and shape and overall body size through a combination of distance-based and geometric morphometric analyses. Results showed that insects attain the largest body sizes at lower temperature, whereas the diet does not determine significant difference in size. However, the effect on size of the two factors is less pronounced in the ovipositor, which shows a negative allometry with respect to body size in all treatments. At higher temperature, ovipositor shape tends also to co-vary with its own size. Neither temperature nor diet have significant effect on ovipositor bilateral fluctuating asymmetry. These results confirm the hypothesis that in D. suzukii the toughened valve of the ovipositor are subjected to effective morpho-functional constraints, while probably being under strong selection by reason of their mechanical role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Tonina
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Folco Giomi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy.
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16
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Thor P, Bailey A, Dupont S, Calosi P, Søreide JE, De Wit P, Guscelli E, Loubet-Sartrou L, Deichmann IM, Candee MM, Svensen C, King AL, Bellerby RGJ. Contrasting physiological responses to future ocean acidification among Arctic copepod populations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e365-e377. [PMID: 28816385 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Widespread ocean acidification (OA) is modifying the chemistry of the global ocean, and the Arctic is recognized as the region where the changes will progress at the fastest rate. Moreover, Arctic species show lower capacity for cellular homeostasis and acid-base regulation rendering them particularly vulnerable to OA. In the present study, we found physiological differences in OA response across geographically separated populations of the keystone Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. In copepodites stage CIV, measured reaction norms of ingestion rate and metabolic rate showed severe reductions in ingestion and increased metabolic expenses in two populations from Svalbard (Kongsfjord and Billefjord) whereas no effects were observed in a population from the Disko Bay, West Greenland. At pHT 7.87, which has been predicted for the Svalbard west coast by year 2100, these changes resulted in reductions in scope for growth of 19% in the Kongsfjord and a staggering 50% in the Billefjord. Interestingly, these effects were not observed in stage CV copepodites from any of the three locations. It seems that CVs may be more tolerant to OA perhaps due to a general physiological reorganization to meet low intracellular pH during hibernation. Needless to say, the observed changes in the CIV stage will have serious implications for the C. glacialis population health status and growth around Svalbard. However, OA tolerant populations such as the one in the Disko Bay could help to alleviate severe effects in C. glacialis as a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thor
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre De Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | | | - Lea Loubet-Sartrou
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Ida M Deichmann
- Department of Bioscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin M Candee
- Danish Technical University, DTU-AQUA, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Camilla Svensen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew L King
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard G J Bellerby
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
- State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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17
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van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. The quantitative genetic basis of clinal divergence in phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 2017; 71:2618-2633. [PMID: 28857153 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is thought to be an important mechanism for adapting to environmental heterogeneity. Nonetheless, the genetic basis of plasticity is still not well understood. In Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, body size and thermal stress resistance show clinal patterns along the east coast of Australia, and exhibit plastic responses to different developmental temperatures. The genetic basis of thermal plasticity, and whether the genetic effects underlying clinal variation in traits and their plasticity are similar, remains unknown. Here, we use line-cross analyses between a tropical and temperate population of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans developed at three constant temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 29°C) to investigate the quantitative genetic basis of clinal divergence in mean thermal response (elevation) and plasticity (slope and curvature) for thermal stress and body size traits. Generally, the genetic effects underlying divergence in mean response and plasticity differed, suggesting that different genetic models may be required to understand the evolution of trait means and plasticity. Furthermore, our results suggest that nonadditive genetic effects, in particular epistasis, may commonly underlie plastic responses, indicating that current models that ignore epistasis may be insufficient to understand and predict evolutionary responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Gibert P, Moreteau B, David JR, Scheiner SM. DESCRIBING THE EVOLUTION OF REACTION NORM SHAPE: BODY PIGMENTATION INDROSOPHILA. Evolution 2017; 52:1501-1506. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/1997] [Accepted: 06/02/1998] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gibert
- CNRS; Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Brigitte Moreteau
- CNRS; Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Jean R. David
- CNRS; Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Samuel M. Scheiner
- Department of Life Sciences; Arizona State University West; P.O. Box 37100 Phoenix Arizona 85069
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19
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Ecological insights from assessments of phenotypic plasticity in a Neotropical species of Drosophila. J Therm Biol 2016; 62:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Clemson AS, Sgrò CM, Telonis-Scott M. Thermal plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster populations from eastern Australia: quantitative traits to transcripts. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2447-2463. [PMID: 27542565 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility afforded to genotypes in different environments by phenotypic plasticity is of interest to biologists studying thermal adaptation because of the thermal lability of many traits. Differences in thermal performance and reaction norms can provide insight into the evolution of thermal adaptation to explore broader questions such as species distributions and persistence under climate change. One approach is to study the effects of temperature on fitness, morphological and more recently gene expression traits in populations from different climatic origins. The diverse climatic conditions experienced by Drosophila melanogaster along the eastern Australian temperate-tropical gradient are ideal given the high degree of continuous trait differentiation, but reaction norm variation has not been well studied in this system. Here, we reared a tropical and temperate population from the ends of the gradient over six developmental temperatures and examined reaction norm variation for five quantitative traits including thermal performance for fecundity, and reaction norms for thermotolerance, body size, viability and 23 transcript-level traits. Despite genetic variation for some quantitative traits, we found no differentiation between the populations for fecundity thermal optima and breadth, and the reaction norms for the other traits were largely parallel, supporting previous work suggesting that thermal evolution occurs by changes in trait means rather than by reaction norm shifts. We examined reaction norm variation in our expanded thermal regime for a gene set shown to previously exhibit GxE for expression plasticity in east Australian flies, as well as key heat-shock genes. Although there were differences in curvature between the populations suggesting a higher degree of thermal plasticity in expression patterns than for the quantitative traits, we found little evidence to support a role for genetic variation in maintaining expression plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Clemson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - C M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - M Telonis-Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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21
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Selection in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction: response in environmental sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800058604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of selection for high phenotypic value in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction (G ✕ E, i.e. genetic variation for environmental sensitivity) and an improving environment was studied in a simulation. Environmental sensitivity was evaluated by using reaction norms, which describe the phenotype expressed by a genotype as a function of the environment. Three types of reaction norms (linear, quadratic and sigmoid), and two selection schemes (mass selection and progeny test selection) were studied. Environmental sensitivity was measured as the weighted average of the absolute value of the first derivative of the reaction norm function. Results showed that environmental sensitivity increased in response to selection for high phenotypic value in the presence of G ✕ E and an improving environment when reaction norms were linear or quadratic. For sigmoid reaction norms, approximating threshold characters, environmental sensitivity increased within the environmental range encompassing the threshold. With mass selection and/or non-linear reaction norms, environmental sensitivity increased even without environmental change.
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22
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Gibert P, Hill M, Pascual M, Plantamp C, Terblanche JS, Yassin A, Sgrò CM. Drosophila as models to understand the adaptive process during invasion. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Chen J, Nolte V, Schlötterer C. Temperature-Related Reaction Norms of Gene Expression: Regulatory Architecture and Functional Implications. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2393-402. [PMID: 25976350 PMCID: PMC4540970 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment has profound effects on the expression of many traits and reaction norms describe the expression dynamics of a trait across a broad range of environmental conditions. Here, we analyze gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster across four different developmental temperatures (13-29 °C). Gene expression is highly plastic with 83.3% of the genes being differentially expressed. We distinguished three components of plasticity: 1) Dynamics of gene expression intensity (sum of change), 2) direction of change, and 3) curvature of the reaction norm (linear vs. quadratic). Studying their regulatory architecture we found that all three plasticity components were most strongly affected by the number of different transcription factors (TFs) binding to the target gene. More TFs were found in genes with less expression changes across temperatures. Although the effect of microRNAs was weaker, we consistently noted a trend in the opposite direction. The most plastic genes were regulated by fewer TFs and more microRNAs than less plastic genes. Different patterns of plasticity were also reflected by their functional characterization based on gene ontology. Our results suggest that reaction norms provide an important key to understand the functional requirements of natural populations exposed to variable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Wien, Austria/Europe
| | - Viola Nolte
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Wien, Austria/Europe
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24
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Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of metric thoracic traits in an invasive drosophilid in America. Genetica 2015; 143:441-51. [PMID: 26018013 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermal phenotypic plasticity of 5 metric thoracic traits (3 related to size and 2 to pigmentation) was investigated in Zaprionus indianus with an isofemale line design. Three of these traits are investigated for the first time in a drosophilid, i.e. thorax width and width of pigmented longitudinal white and black stripes. The reaction norms of white and black stripes were completely different: white stripes were insensitive to growth temperature while the black stripes exhibited a strong linear decrease with increasing temperatures. Thorax width exhibited a concave reaction norm, analogous but not identical to those of wing length and thorax length: the temperatures of maximum value were different, the highest being for thorax width. All traits exhibited a significant heritable variability and a low evolvability. Sexual dimorphism was very variable among traits, being nil for white stripes and thorax width, and around 1.13 for black stripes. The ratio thorax length to thorax width (an elongation index) was always >1, showing that males have a more rounded thorax at all temperatures. Black stripes revealed a significant increase of sexual dimorphism with increasing temperature. Shape indices, i.e. ratios between size traits all exhibited a linear decrease with temperature, the least sensitive being the elongation index. All these results illustrate the complexity of developmental processes but also the analytical strength of biometrical plasticity studies in an eco-devo perspective.
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25
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Cellular basis of morphological variation and temperature-related plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster strains with divergent wing shapes. Genetica 2014; 142:495-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Katzenberger M, Hammond J, Duarte H, Tejedo M, Calabuig C, Relyea RA. Swimming with predators and pesticides: how environmental stressors affect the thermal physiology of tadpoles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98265. [PMID: 24869960 PMCID: PMC4037208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To forecast biological responses to changing environments, we need to understand how a species's physiology varies through space and time and assess how changes in physiological function due to environmental changes may interact with phenotypic changes caused by other types of environmental variation. Amphibian larvae are well known for expressing environmentally induced phenotypes, but relatively little is known about how these responses might interact with changing temperatures and their thermal physiology. To address this question, we studied the thermal physiology of grey treefrog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor) by determining whether exposures to predator cues and an herbicide (Roundup) can alter their critical maximum temperature (CTmax) and their swimming speed across a range of temperatures, which provides estimates of optimal temperature (Topt) for swimming speed and the shape of the thermal performance curve (TPC). We discovered that predator cues induced a 0.4°C higher CTmax value, whereas the herbicide had no effect. Tadpoles exposed to predator cues or the herbicide swam faster than control tadpoles and the increase in burst speed was higher near Topt. In regard to the shape of the TPC, exposure to predator cues increased Topt by 1.5°C, while exposure to the herbicide marginally lowered Topt by 0.4°C. Combining predator cues and the herbicide produced an intermediate Topt that was 0.5°C higher than the control. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate a predator altering the thermal physiology of amphibian larvae (prey) by increasing CTmax, increasing the optimum temperature, and producing changes in the thermal performance curves. Furthermore, these plastic responses of CTmax and TPC to different inducing environments should be considered when forecasting biological responses to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Katzenberger
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Doñana Biological Station - Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John Hammond
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Helder Duarte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Doñana Biological Station - Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Doñana Biological Station - Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cecilia Calabuig
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rick A. Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Couret J, Dotson E, Benedict MQ. Temperature, larval diet, and density effects on development rate and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e87468. [PMID: 24498328 PMCID: PMC3911954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many environmental factors, biotic and abiotic interact to influence organismal development. Given the importance of Aedes aegypti as a vector of human pathogens including dengue and yellow fever, understanding the impact of environmental factors such as temperature, resource availability, and intraspecific competition during development is critical for population control purposes. Despite known associations between developmental traits and factors of diet and density, temperature has been considered the primary driver of development rate and survival. To determine the relative importance of these critical factors, wide gradients of conditions must be considered. We hypothesize that 1) diet and density, as well as temperature influence the variation in development rate and survival, 2) that these factors interact, and this interaction is also necessary to understand variation in developmental traits. Temperature, diet, density, and their two-way interactions are significant factors in explaining development rate variation of the larval stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. These factors as well as two and three-way interactions are significantly associated with the development rate from hatch to emergence. Temperature, but not diet or density, significantly impacted juvenile mortality. Development time was heteroskedastic with the highest variation occurring at the extremes of diet and density conditions. All three factors significantly impacted survival curves of experimental larvae that died during development. Complex interactions may contribute to variation in development rate. To better predict variation in development rate and survival in Ae. aegypti, factors of resource availability and intraspecific density must be considered in addition, but never to the exclusion of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ellen Dotson
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mark Q. Benedict
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Liefting M, Hoffmann AA, Ellers J. Measuring the plasticity of developmental rate across insect populations: comment on Rocha and Klaczko (2012). Evolution 2013; 68:1544-7. [PMID: 24099170 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rocha and Klaczko emphasize the general complexity of reaction norm shape and caution that ignoring such complexity can be misleading when forcing nonlinear reaction norms into linear shapes. They refer to our article on differences in plasticity of Drosophila serrata populations along a latitudinal gradient as an example of a misleading simplifying approach. However, their claim that an artifact is introduced into our analyses by calculating developmental rate as the reciprocal of development time (rate = time(-1)) is based on a misunderstanding of the mathematical properties of the thermal developmental rate reaction norm. Here we discuss why developmental rate is a suitable measure for our study and under which circumstances it is appropriate to describe developmental rate by a linear model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Liefting
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Section of Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Klepsatel P, Gáliková M, De Maio N, Huber CD, Schlötterer C, Flatt T. VARIATION IN THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND REACTION NORMS AMONG POPULATIONS OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2013; 67:3573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klepsatel
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Gáliková
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Nicola De Maio
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian D. Huber
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories; University of Vienna; Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
- Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; UNIL Sorge, Biophore CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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30
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Liu C, Zwiebel LJ. Molecular characterization of larval peripheral thermosensory responses of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72595. [PMID: 23940815 PMCID: PMC3737131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensation provides vital inputs for the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae which utilizes heat-sensitivity within a broad spectrum of behaviors, most notably, the localization of human hosts for blood feeding. In this study, we examine thermosensory behaviors in larval-stage An. gambiae, which as a result of their obligate aquatic habitats and importance for vectorial capacity, represents an opportunistic target for vector control as part of the global campaign to eliminate malaria. As is the case for adults, immature mosquitoes respond differentially to a diverse array of external heat stimuli. In addition, larvae exhibit a striking phenotypic plasticity in thermal-driven behaviors that are established by temperature at which embryonic development occurs. Within this spectrum, RNAi-directed gene-silencing studies provide evidence for the essential role of the Transient Receptor Potential sub-family A1 (TRPA1) channel in mediating larval thermal-induced locomotion and thermal preference within a discrete upper range of ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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31
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Rocha FB, Klaczko LB. CONNECTING THE DOTS OF NONLINEAR REACTION NORMS UNRAVELS THE THREADS OF GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION INDROSOPHILA. Evolution 2012; 66:3404-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Forster J, Hirst AG. The temperature-size rule emerges from ontogenetic differences between growth and development rates. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Forster J, Hirst AG, Woodward G. Growth and development rates have different thermal responses. Am Nat 2011; 178:668-78. [PMID: 22030735 DOI: 10.1086/662174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Growth and development rates are fundamental to all living organisms. In a warming world, it is important to determine how these rates will respond to increasing temperatures. It is often assumed that the thermal responses of physiological rates are coupled to metabolic rate and thus have the same temperature dependence. However, the existence of the temperature-size rule suggests that intraspecific growth and development are decoupled. Decoupling of these rates would have important consequences for individual species and ecosystems, yet this has not been tested systematically across a range of species. We conducted an analysis on growth and development rate data compiled from the literature for a well-studied group, marine pelagic copepods, and use an information-theoretic approach to test which equations best describe these rates. Growth and development rates were best characterized by models with significantly different parameters: development has stronger temperature dependence than does growth across all life stages. As such, it is incorrect to assume that these rates have the same temperature dependence. We used the best-fit models for these rates to predict changes in organism mass in response to temperature. These predictions follow a concave relationship, which complicates attempts to model the impacts of increasing global temperatures on species body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Forster
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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34
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Thermal phenotypic plasticity of body size in Drosophila melanogaster: sexual dimorphism and genetic correlations. J Genet 2011; 90:295-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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36
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Novicic ZK, Stamenkovic-Radak M, Pertoldi C, Jelic M, Veselinovic MS, Andjelkovic M. Heterozygosity maintains developmental stability of sternopleural bristles in Drosophila subobscura interpopulation hybrids. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:113. [PMID: 22224901 PMCID: PMC3281401 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interpopulation hybridization can lead to outbreeding depression within affected populations due to breakdown of coadapted gene complexes or heterosis in hybrid populations. One of the principal methods commonly used to estimate the level of developmental instability (DI) is fluctuating asymmetry (FA). We used three genetically differentiated Drosophila subobscura populations according to inversion polymorphism analysis and measured the variability of sternopleural bristle number and change in FA across generations P, F1, and F2 between intra- and interpopulation hybrids of D. subobscura. The mean variability of sternopleural bristle number in intra- and interpopulation hybrids of D. subobscura across generations cannot determine whether the changes at the level of developmental homeostasis are due exclusively to genomic coadaptation or to heterozygosity. Phenotypic variance (V(p)) and FA of sternopleural bristle number was higher in interpopulation than in intrapopulation hybrids across generations. F1 hybrids were more developmentally stable compared to each parental population in both intra- and interpopulation hybrids. The most probable mechanism providing developmental homeostasis is heterozygote or hybrid superiority, also called overdominace. However, V(p) was higher and FA lower in the F2 generation when compared to F1, due mainly to crossing-over in the formation of F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Kurbalija Novicic
- Institute of Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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37
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van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE UNDERLYING SIZE AND THERMAL CLINES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND D. SIMULANS FROM THE EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA. Evolution 2010; 65:1048-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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BARKER JSF, FRYDENBERG J, SARUP P, LOESCHCKE V. Altitudinal and seasonal variation in microsatellite allele frequencies of Drosophila buzzatii. J Evol Biol 2010; 24:430-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Janion C, Leinaas HP, Terblanche JS, Chown SL. Trait means and reaction norms: the consequences of climate change/invasion interactions at the organism level. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Influence of developmental temperature on cold shock and chill coma recovery in Drosophila ananassae: Acclimation and latitudinal variations among Indian populations. J Therm Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Chown SL, Gaston KJ. Body size variation in insects: a macroecological perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2010; 85:139-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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de Jong G. A biophysical interpretation of temperature-dependent body size in Drosophila aldrichi and D. buzzatii. J Therm Biol 2009; 35:85-99. [PMID: 28799917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temperature-size rule, the observation that most ectotherms grow faster but reach smaller size at higher temperatures, has defied a general explanation. Here, the temperature-size rule in Drosophila aldrichi and Drosophila buzzatii is investigated, using data on development rate and adult dry weight at nine temperatures. In both species the linear regression of dry weight on temperature is negative. The data are used to infer the potential for a description of temperature dependent size by biophysical modelling. The biophysical Sharpe-Schoolfield model for biological rates and its derivative model for adult weight yield detailed patterns for the two species' development rate, growth rate, and adult weight. These detailed patterns do not confirm the existence of a simple temperature-size rule. The species differ significantly in the values of the parameters in the Sharpe-Schoolfield model, and as a consequence in different patterns of weight over temperatures. The different parameters of the Sharpe-Schoolfield model play distinct roles in the patterns of weight over temperatures. A temperature-size rule as a negative regression of weight on temperature might statistically follow from an upper temperature boundary for growth that is lower than the upper temperature boundary for development; as such a relation between the upper temperature boundaries for growth and development would lead to a decrease of weight at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien de Jong
- Evolutionary Population Biology, Department Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Population responses within a landscape matrix: a macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts. Evol Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-009-9329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Gvoždík L, Van Damme R. The evolution of thermal performance curves in semi-aquatic newts: Thermal specialists on land and thermal generalists in water? J Therm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Adaptation to different climates results in divergent phenotypic plasticity of wing size and shape in an invasive drosophilid. J Genet 2008; 87:209-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-008-0034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Phenotypic plasticity of abdomen pigmentation in two geographic populations of Drosophila melanogaster: male-female comparison and sexual dimorphism. Genetica 2008; 135:403-13. [PMID: 18568431 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster male, the last abdominal tergites (A5-A6) are completely dark due to a strong internal constraint while, in female, all abdominal tergites (A2-A7) are phenotypically variable and highly plastic. Male A2-A4 are quite similar to those of female, but their plasticity was never investigated. In this paper, we compared the phenotypic plasticity of A2-A4 in both sexes in order to know if the major dimorphism (SD) expressed in male A5-A6 also extended toward the more anterior segments. We also compared two geographic populations living under very different climates in order to know if adaptive differences, previously observed in females also existed in males. With an isofemale line design, pigmentation variation according to growth temperature was investigated in the two populations from France and India. Male and female data were compared and sexual dimorphism (SD) analyzed in various ways. Reaction norms were quite similar in both sexes for A2 and A3, but clearly different for A4. Considering the total pigmentation (A2 + A3 + A4) males were darker than females at low temperatures and either identical to them (France) or lighter (India) above 25 degrees C. SD (male-female difference) was genetically variable among lines and significantly different among segments. Reaction norms of SD exhibited an overall decrease with temperature and also a significant difference among populations, suggesting a local adaptation of SD to thermal conditions. The three plastic segments in male (A2-A4) seem to react adaptively to the thermal environment more efficiently than the same segments in female, in agreement with the thermal budget hypothesis. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a SD trait exhibits an adaptive difference between geographic populations.
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47
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Hatadani LM, Klaczko LB. Shape and size variation on the wing of Drosophila mediopunctata: influence of chromosome inversions and genotype-environment interaction. Genetica 2007; 133:335-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Kingsolver JG, Massie KR, Ragland GJ, Smith MH. Rapid population divergence in thermal reaction norms for an invading species: breaking the temperature-size rule. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:892-900. [PMID: 17465900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temperature-size rule is a common pattern of phenotypic plasticity in which higher temperature during development results in a smaller adult body size (i.e. a thermal reaction norm with negative slope). Examples and exceptions to the rule are known in multiple groups of organisms, but rapid population differentiation in the temperature-size rule has not been explored. Here we examine the genetic and parental contributions to population differentiation in thermal reaction norms for size, development time and survival in the Cabbage White Butterfly Pieris rapae, for two geographical populations that have likely diverged within the past 150 years. We used split-sibship experiments with two temperature treatments (warm and cool) for P. rapae from Chapel Hill, NC, and from Seattle, WA. Mixed-effect model analyses demonstrate significant genetic differences between NC and WA populations for adult size and for thermal reaction norms for size. Mean adult mass was 12-24% greater in NC than in WA populations for both temperature treatments; mean size was unaffected or decreased with temperature (the temperature-size rule) for the WA population, but size increased with temperature for the NC population. Our study shows that the temperature-size rule and related thermal reaction norms can evolve rapidly within species in natural field conditions. Rapid evolutionary divergence argues against the existence of a simple, general mechanistic constraint as the underlying cause of the temperature-size rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.
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49
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Bernardo U, Pedata PA, Viggiani G. Phenotypic plasticity of pigmentation and morphometric traits in Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2007; 97:101-9. [PMID: 17298687 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485307004816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Pnigalio Schrank are ectoparasitoids on several pest insects. Most species are polyphagous parasitoids of lepidopteran and dipteran leafminers. Despite their potential economic importance, information on intraspecific phenotypic variability is insufficient. Pnigalio soemius (Walker) was reared at five different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees C) on mature larvae of one of its natural hosts, Cosmopterix pulchrimella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), to investigate the influence of temperature on size, colour and other morphological traits, and to measure the range of variation of several characters. Thermal developmental reaction norms, which represent the effect of temperature during growth and development on the value of some adult traits, were produced. The results confirmed the influence of temperature on numerous characters and that these characters had a larger range of variation than realized previously in the construction of taxonomic keys to species. In particular, the number and position of the costulae on the propodeum and colour of the gaster were affected by rearing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bernardo
- CNR Istituto pe la Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Portici, Portici, Italy.
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50
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Deere JA, Chown SL. Testing the beneficial acclimation hypothesis and its alternatives for locomotor performance. Am Nat 2006; 168:630-44. [PMID: 17080362 DOI: 10.1086/508026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial acclimation hypothesis (BAH) is controversial. While physiological work all but assumes that the BAH is true, recent studies have shown that support for the BAH is typically wanting. The latter have been criticized for assessing the benefits of developmental plasticity rather than acclimation. Here we examine the BAH within a strong inference framework for five congeneric species of ameronothroid oribatid mites that occupy marine to terrestrial habitats. We do so by assessing responses of maximum speed, optimum temperature, and performance breadth, measured from -10 degrees C to 35 degrees C, to four treatment temperatures (0 degrees , 5 degrees , 10 degrees , and 15 degrees C). We show that the BAH and its alternatives often make similar empirical predictions. Weak beneficial acclimation is characteristic of one of the more marine species. In the other two upper-shore and marine species, evidence exists for deleterious acclimation and the colder-is-better hypothesis. In the two fully terrestrial species, there is no plasticity. Lack of plasticity is beneficial when cue reliability is low or costs of plasticity are high, and the former seems plausible in terrestrial habitats. However, weak plasticity in the upper-shore/marine species and the absence of plasticity in the terrestrial species might also be a consequence of phylogenetic constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A Deere
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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