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Melton V, Ledwith S. Node-link mapping, an asset? ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/add-07-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of node-link mapping (NLM) on the effectiveness of a structured treatment for dual diagnosis for men living in a low-secure environment.
Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 15 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to one of two conditions. The control group, treatment as usual (TAU) or the treatment group, TAU with NLM. Outcome measures used were: a qualitative evaluation form, The Alcohol and Illegal Drugs Decisional Balance Scale and the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire.
Findings
– Results indicate no statistically significant difference for either group on the pre- and post-treatment outcome measures used. Qualitative data indicated that those using NLM reported the intervention as useful and instructive more often.
Research limitations/implications
– The results gained were only a snapshot of the intervention straight after treatment and did not take into account any long-term benefits of therapy such as substance use relapse rates. The outcome measures used may not have been properly understood by all respondents, or reflect practical change. The NLM tool may not have been used as confidently as TAU. The TAU condition needs to be reviewed to improve effectiveness, and NLM to be included to improve the accessibility. A study comparing other outcome tools needs to be completed. Training for staff using NLM may require coaching.
Originality/value
– This paper has a high/low originality. It highlights a number of advantages to NLM when comparing this to TAU.
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Knight DK, Joe GW, Crawley RD, Becan JE, Dansereau DF, Flynn PM. The Effectiveness of the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP) for Improving During-Treatment Outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 62:20-7. [PMID: 26742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment engagement is a primary pathway to change. Because motivation consistently predicts engagement and sustained recovery following treatment, targeted efforts at improving problem recognition (i.e., a significant ingredient in motivation) during early weeks of treatment are critical. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Standard Operating Practice (SOP) versus SOP plus an 8-session Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP; delivered in the first weeks of treatment) on cognitive indicators and treatment engagement among youth in 5 residential substance use treatment settings. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) documented higher problem recognition, decision making, and treatment engagement (participation, satisfaction, counselor rapport) among youth receiving TRIP (compared to SOP only), even when controlling for background characteristics such as age, race-ethnicity, gender, baseline drug use severity, etc. Findings suggest that TRIP is an effective induction tool that directly impacts targeted constructs (i.e., problem recognition, decision making), and also directly affects indicators of engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica K Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA.
| | - George W Joe
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Rachel D Crawley
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Jennifer E Becan
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Donald F Dansereau
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Patrick M Flynn
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
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Evaluation of WaySafe: A Disease-Risk Reduction Curriculum for Substance-Abusing Offenders. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 58:25-32. [PMID: 26059002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With a focus on reducing disease risk behavior in the community, a six-session curriculum, WaySafe, was developed to increase positive decision-making skills among soon-to-be-released inmates participating in a therapeutic community substance abuse treatment program. The intervention used TCU Mapping-Enhanced Counseling as an approach to focus on cognitive aspects of risky sexual and drug use behaviors in an effort to improve problem recognition, commitment to change, and strategies for avoiding behavioral risks of infections. A total of 1393 inmates from eight different institutions in two states were randomly assigned to receive WaySafe or treatment as usual (TAU). Baseline and follow-up surveys measured knowledge, confidence, and motivation regarding general HIV information, risky sex and drug use, HIV testing, and risk reduction skills. WaySafe participants had significantly better scores on all measures at follow-up than did TAU participants, supporting the efficacy of WaySafe in improving knowledge, motivation, and confidence in avoiding risky behaviors.
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Elison S, Davies G, Ward J. Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Therapy for Substance Dependence Using Breaking Free Online: Subgroup Analyses of a Heterogeneous Sample of Service Users. JMIR Ment Health 2015; 2:e13. [PMID: 26543918 PMCID: PMC4607383 DOI: 10.2196/mental.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse services within the United Kingdom have traditionally been oriented to opiate and crack users, and attended predominantly by male service users. Groups who do not fit this demographic, such as women or those whose primary drug of choice is neither heroin nor crack, have tended to be underrepresented in services. In addition, there can be stigma associated with traditional opiate and crack-centric services. Therefore, the computerized treatment and recovery program, Breaking Free Online (BFO), was developed to enable service users to access confidential support for dependence on a wide range of substances. BFO is delivered as computer-assisted therapy (CAT), or, where appropriate, used as self-help. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report psychometric outcomes data from 393 service users accessing online support for substance misuse via BFO. METHODS Following initial referral to substance misuse services, all participants were supported in setting up a BFO login by a practitioner or peer mentor, and, where required, assisted as they completed an online baseline assessment battery contained within the BFO program. Following a period of engagement with BFO, all participants completed the same battery of assessments, and changes in the scores on these assessments were examined. RESULTS Significant improvements were found across the 393 service users in several areas of psychosocial functioning, including quality of life, severity of alcohol and drug dependence, depression, and anxiety (P=<.001 across all aspects of functioning). Additionally, significant improvements were found within specific subgroups of participants, including females (P=.001-<.001), males (P=.004-<.001), service users reporting alcohol dependence (P=.002-<.001), opiate and crack dependence (P=.014-<.001), and those seeking support for other substances that may be less well represented in the substance misuse sector (P=.001-<.001). CONCLUSIONS Data from this study indicates that BFO is an effective clinical treatment for a wide range of individuals requiring support for substance misuse. Further work is currently underway to examine more closely the clinical effectiveness of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glyn Davies
- Breaking Free Online Manchester United Kingdom
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Best D, Hall K, Guthrie A, Abbatangelo M, Hunter B, Lubman D. Development and Implementation of a Structured Intervention for Alcohol Use Disorders for Telephone Helpline Services. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2015.986424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Davies G, Elison S, Ward J, Laudet A. The role of lifestyle in perpetuating substance use disorder: the Lifestyle Balance Model. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2015; 10:2. [PMID: 25595205 PMCID: PMC4326198 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptualizing aetiology underpinning an individual's substance use disorder (SUD) not only facilitates insight and understanding, but also serves to identify targets for treatment and aid practitioners in selecting the most appropriate interventions. There is now a wealth of literature on aetiology and treatment approaches, and in more recent years, also literature to support the concept of 'recovery' from a condition which was previously thought of as a chronic, relapsing condition. The burgeoning literature around research into recovery is revealing how recovery can best be defined and what factors might be associated with recovery from SUD. To add further to this growing body of literature, a new six-domain, explanatory biopsychosocial model of substance dependence and recovery, the Lifestyle Balance Model (LBM) is proposed. Based on research findings and theory reported in the literature, the LBM is a generic model depicting six domains of biopsychosocial functioning and includes within it the role of lifestyle. The LBM has been constructed as a domain model, allowing conceptualisation of the relationships between the six domain areas that perpetuate dependence and may also be associated with recovery from SUD, providing service users and clinicians with a tool for the delivery of case formulation and identification of target areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Davies
- />Breaking Free Group, 274 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 4JB UK
| | - Sarah Elison
- />Breaking Free Group, 274 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 4JB UK
| | - Jonathan Ward
- />Breaking Free Group, 274 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 4JB UK
| | - Alexandre Laudet
- />Centre for the Study of Addictions and Recovery, National Development and Research Institutes, 71 West 23rd Street,4th Floor, New York, NY 10010 USA
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Sondhi A, Day E. Factors that predict dissemination of evidence-based practice in one local authority in England: An assessment of introducing node-link mapping into substance misuse practice. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2014.993922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Joe GW, Knight K, Simpson DD, Flynn PM, Morey JT, Bartholomew NG, Tindall MS, Burdon WM, Hall EA, Martin SS, O'Connell DJ. An Evaluation of Six Brief Interventions that Target Drug-Related Problems in Correctional Populations. JOURNAL OF OFFENDER REHABILITATION 2012; 51:9-33. [PMID: 22547911 PMCID: PMC3338318 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2012.633020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Finding brief effective treatments for criminal justice populations is a major public need. The CJ-DATS Targeted Intervention for Corrections (TIC), which consists of six brief interventions (Communication, Anger, Motivation, Criminal Thinking, Social Networks, and HIV/Sexual Health), were tested in separate federally-funded randomized control studies. In total, 1,573 criminal justice-involved individuals from 20 correction facilities participated (78% males; 54% white). Multi-level repeated measures analyses found significant gains in knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial functioning (criteria basic to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) and TCU Treatment Process Models). While improvements were less consistent in criminal thinking, overall evidence supported efficacy for the TIC interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Joe
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Lehman WEK, Simpson DD, Knight DK, Flynn PM. Integration of treatment innovation planning and implementation: strategic process models and organizational challenges. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 25:252-61. [PMID: 21443294 DOI: 10.1037/a0022682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sustained and effective use of evidence-based practices in substance abuse treatment services faces both clinical and contextual challenges. Implementation approaches are reviewed that rely on variations of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, but most emphasize conceptual identification of core components for system change strategies. A two-phase procedural approach is therefore presented based on the integration of Texas Christian University (TCU) models and related resources for improving treatment process and program change. Phase 1 focuses on the dynamics of clinical services, including stages of client recovery (cross-linked with targeted assessments and interventions), as the foundations for identifying and planning appropriate innovations to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Phase 2 shifts to the operational and organizational dynamics involved in implementing and sustaining innovations (including the stages of training, adoption, implementation, and practice). A comprehensive system of TCU assessments and interventions for client and program-level needs and functioning are summarized as well, with descriptions and guidelines for applications in practical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E K Lehman
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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Rao SR, Czuchry M, Dansereau DF. Gender Differences in Psychosocial Functioning Across Substance Abuse Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2009; 41:267-73. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2009.10400537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Czuchry M, Timpson S, Williams ML, Bowen AM, Ratliff EA. Improving Condom Self-Efficacy and Use among Individuals Living with HIV: The Positive Choices Mapping Intervention. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009; 14:230-239. [PMID: 20396620 DOI: 10.1080/14659890902874212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Few interventions have been designed to improve behavioral outcomes and reduce risk of HIV transmission of individuals living with HIV, most focusing on preventative efforts directed at individuals who are HIV-negative. However, people living with HIV present individual and public health risks (infection with a different strain of HIV, health complications from contracting STD's, continued sexual activity with individuals with unknown HIV status) that have become the focus of intervention efforts. The current paper explores a promising new intervention, The Positive Choices Mapping intervention (PCM), designed to increase condom self-efficacy and use among African American crack cocaine smokers who are living with HIV. The intervention was grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and incorporated an empirically backed visual representation strategy (node-link mapping). The focus of the current paper is on the main components of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Czuchry
- Texas Lutheran University, Department of Psychology, 1000 W. Court St., Seguin, TX 78155
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Hill RG, Moran P, Cooper W, Bearn J. Early childhood maladjustment and adherence with inpatient drug detoxification treatment. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890500520720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Czuchry M, Newbern-McFarland D, Dansereau DF. Visual Representation Tools for Improving Addiction Treatment Outcomes. J Psychoactive Drugs 2009; 41:181-7. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2009.10399911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
This paper describes evidence-based kernels, fundamental units of behavioral influence that appear to underlie effective prevention and treatment for children, adults, and families. A kernel is a behavior-influence procedure shown through experimental analysis to affect a specific behavior and that is indivisible in the sense that removing any of its components would render it inert. Existing evidence shows that a variety of kernels can influence behavior in context, and some evidence suggests that frequent use or sufficient use of some kernels may produce longer lasting behavioral shifts. The analysis of kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, augment existing prevention or treatment efforts, facilitate the dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to efficiently developing interventions that are more effective. Kernels involve one or more of the following mechanisms of behavior influence: reinforcement, altering antecedents, changing verbal relational responding, or changing physiological states directly. The paper describes 52 of these kernels, and details practical, theoretical, and research implications, including calling for a national database of kernels that influence human behavior.
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Ersche KD, Sahakian BJ. The neuropsychology of amphetamine and opiate dependence: implications for treatment. Neuropsychol Rev 2007; 17:317-36. [PMID: 17690986 PMCID: PMC3639428 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-007-9033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic use of amphetamines and/or opiates has been associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits, involving domains of attention, inhibitory control, planning, decision-making, learning and memory. Although both amphetamine and opiate users show marked impairment in various aspects of cognitive function, the impairment profile is distinctly different according to the substance of abuse. In light of evidence showing that cognitive impairment in drug users has a negative impact on treatment engagement and efficacy, we review substance-specific deficits on executive and memory function, and discuss possibilities to address these during treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Ersche
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit, Box 255, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Simpson DD. A conceptual framework for drug treatment process and outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat 2004; 27:99-121. [PMID: 15450644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Revised: 05/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from specialized treatment evaluations and large-scale natural studies of treatment effectiveness is organized conceptually into a "treatment model" for summarizing how drug treatment works. Sequential relationships between patient and treatment program attributes, early patient engagement, recovery stages, retention, and favorable outcomes are discussed--along with behavioral, cognitive, and skills training interventions that have been shown to be effective for enhancing specific stages of the patient recovery process. Applications of the treatment model for incorporating science-based innovations into clinical practice for improving early engagement and retention, performance measurements of patient progress, program monitoring and management using aggregated patient records, and organizational functioning and systems change also are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dwayne Simpson
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298740, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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