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Yokote T, Nishimura T, Furukawa S, Inoue S. Association of Frailty and Depressive Symptoms With the Establishment of Exercise Habits in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2023; 5:100290. [PMID: 38163025 PMCID: PMC10757163 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation who have frailty and depressive symptoms at discharge are less likely than those without these condition to establish positive exercise habits. Design A retrospective cohort study that involved the assessment of frailty and depressive symptoms at the end of a 3-month course of cardiac rehabilitation. Frailty was defined as the patient noting 3 or more items using the criteria of Fried et al, while depressive symptoms were delineated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores of 10 or greater. Setting General hospital (1048 beds) with outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in a suburb location in Japan. Participants 344 individuals underwent outpatient cardiac rehabilitation during the January 1, 2019-June 1, 2022, study period. Of these, 48 individuals were excluded because they did not complete the course and 54 were excluded because they lacked outcome data. Finaly, 242 individuals (mean age: 68.2±11.1 years) were analyzed. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Variable The establishment of an exercise habit defined as exercising at least 2 days per week and 30 minutes per day. Results Participants were divided into 4 groups depending upon the presence or absence of frailty and depressive symptoms: non-frail with no reported depressive symptoms (173 subjects), frailty-only (21 subjects), depressive symptoms-only (38 subjects), and frailty and depressive symptoms (10 subjects). Compared with patients who were not depressed and not frail, those with frailty only (odds ratio [OR]: 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.88, P=.02) and those with frailty and depressive symptoms (OR: 0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.82, P=.025) had significantly lower ORs for establishing exercise habits. After multivariate adjustment, the OR of establishing an exercise habit was significantly lower in those with only frailty (OR: 0.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.85, P=.005). Conclusions This study, while limited by the small number of subjects with both frailty and depressive symptoms, indicates that interventions to prevent frailty during hospitalization and cardiac rehabilitation may be essential for cardiovascular disease patients with frailty whether or not associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Yokote
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka City, Japan
| | | | | | - Shujiro Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka City, Japan
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Gür F, Can Gür G. Is Exercise a Useful Intervention in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:520-537. [PMID: 32212949 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120913169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of exercise on individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Academic Search complete, Sport Discuss, and ERIC databases. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Interventional studies published between 2000 and 2018 focused on evaluating the effectiveness of exercise interventions in adults with AUD. DATA EXTRACTION This protocol was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols standard and the Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS Physical activity levels/fitness [VO2 max (Oxygen Uptake) and HRmax (Maximum Heart Rate)], levels of depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, quality of life, and alcohol consumption (number of standard drinks consumed per day and per week). RESULTS The findings indicated that exercise significantly improved physical fitness as assessed by VO2 max (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.487, P < .05) and HRmax (SMD: 0.717, P < .05). Similarly, exercise significantly improved mental health as assessed by quality of life (SMD: 0.425, P < .05), but levels of depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption did not change significantly. Aerobic exercise alleviated depression and anxiety symptoms more than that of yoga and mixed types. Duration of exercise also had a similar effect on anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Exercise can be an effective and persistent adjunctive treatment for individuals with AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Gür
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Pamukkale, Pamukkale, Turkey
| | - Ganime Can Gür
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Pamukkale, Pamukkale, Turkey
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Ussher MH, Faulkner GEJ, Angus K, Hartmann‐Boyce J, Taylor AH. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD002295. [PMID: 31684691 PMCID: PMC6819982 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002295.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking regular exercise, whether cardiovascular-type exercise or resistance exercise, may help people to give up smoking, particularly by reducing cigarette withdrawal symptoms and cravings, and by helping to manage weight gain. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions alone, or combined with a smoking cessation programme, for achieving long-term smoking cessation, compared with a smoking cessation intervention alone or other non-exercise intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register for studies, using the term 'exercise' or 'physical activity' in the title, abstract or keywords. The date of the most recent search was May 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that compared an exercise programme alone, or an exercise programme as an adjunct to a cessation programme, with a cessation programme alone or another non-exercise control group. Trials were required to recruit smokers wishing to quit or recent quitters, to assess abstinence as an outcome and have follow-up of at least six months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methods. Smoking cessation was measured after at least six months, using the most rigorous definition available, on an intention-to-treat basis. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking cessation for each study, where possible. We grouped eligible studies according to the type of comparison, as either smoking cessation or relapse prevention. We carried out meta-analyses where appropriate, using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects models. MAIN RESULTS We identified 24 eligible trials with a total of 7279 adult participants randomised. Two studies focused on relapse prevention among smokers who had recently stopped smoking, and the remaining 22 studies were concerned with smoking cessation for smokers who wished to quit. Eleven studies were with women only and one with men only. Most studies recruited fairly inactive people. Most of the trials employed supervised, group-based cardiovascular-type exercise supplemented by a home-based exercise programme and combined with a multi-session cognitive behavioural smoking cessation programme. The comparator in most cases was a multi-session cognitive behavioural smoking cessation programme alone. Overall, we judged two studies to be at low risk of bias, 11 at high risk of bias, and 11 at unclear risk of bias. Among the 21 studies analysed, we found low-certainty evidence, limited by potential publication bias and by imprecision, comparing the effect of exercise plus smoking cessation support with smoking cessation support alone on smoking cessation outcomes (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.22; I2 = 0%; 6607 participants). We excluded one study from this analysis as smoking abstinence rates for the study groups were not reported. There was no evidence of subgroup differences according to the type of exercise promoted; the subgroups considered were: cardiovascular-type exercise alone (17 studies), resistance training alone (one study), combined cardiovascular-type and resistance exercise (one study) and type of exercise not specified (two studies). The results were not significantly altered when we excluded trials with high risk of bias, or those with special populations, or those where smoking cessation intervention support was not matched between the intervention and control arms. Among the two relapse prevention studies, we found very low-certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias and imprecision, that adding exercise to relapse prevention did not improve long-term abstinence compared with relapse prevention alone (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.47; I2 = 0%; 453 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that adding exercise to smoking cessation support improves abstinence compared with support alone, but the evidence is insufficient to assess whether there is a modest benefit. Estimates of treatment effect were of low or very low certainty, because of concerns about bias in the trials, imprecision and publication bias. Consequently, future trials may change these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ussher
- St George's, University of LondonPopulation Health Research InstituteCranmer TerraceLondonUKSW17 0RE
- University of StirlingInstitute for Social MarketingStirlingUK
| | - Guy E J Faulkner
- University of British ColumbiaSchool of Kinesiology2146 Health Sciences MallVancouverCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Kathryn Angus
- University of StirlingInstitute for Social MarketingStirlingUK
| | - Jamie Hartmann‐Boyce
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordUKOX2 6GG
| | - Adrian H Taylor
- University of PlymouthFaculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human SciencesRoom N32, ITTC Building, Tamar Science ParkDerrifordPlymouthUKPL6 8BX
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The interrelationship between balance, Tai Chi and depression in Latino older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:395-401. [PMID: 27318946 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Falls and associated injuries are the most serious medical problem affecting the functional independence among both White non-Hispanics and Latino older adults. Studies have shown the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in reducing falls but have primarily focused on White non-Hispanic older adults. There is limited research that examines the effectiveness of this exercise on balance among different racial/ethnic minority older adults. This study focused on the interrelationship between functional status (balance performance) and psychosocial status (depression) before and after a 12-week Tai Chi program among Latinos in a Midwestern metropolitan city. Results indicated that at baseline, prior to the start of the Tai Chi program, participants who were more depressed had poorer functional status. Participants who had higher depression at baseline, experienced greater improvement in functional status, following the 12-week Tai Chi exercise program, compared with those who had lower levels of depression.
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Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Meurice JC. Efficacité de l’activité physique dans l’aide à l’arrêt du tabac. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:1016-33. [PMID: 26051502 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Underner
- Service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 86), pavillon René-Beauchant, CHU de Poitiers, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
| | - J Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de tabacologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 63), 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France
| | - J-C Meurice
- Service de pneumologie, unité de tabacologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 86), pavillon René-Beauchant, CHU de Poitiers, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France
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Giesen ES, Deimel H, Bloch W. Clinical exercise interventions in alcohol use disorders: a systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014; 52:1-9. [PMID: 25641736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic impact of exercise interventions in psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia has already been proven through several reviews whereas substance use disorders such as alcohol use disorders (AUD) have so far less frequently been a matter of investigation. Although several publications have summarized studies focusing on physical activities in substance use disorders, no systematic review exists summarizing the evidence of exercise interventions in AUD. A total of 14 studies using the Medline Database, CCMed, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In order to evaluate the evidence, we used the evaluation system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (2011). Due to methodological flaws the overall evidence of the studies is rated level "3" but primarily findings confirm that exercise interventions as a complementary treatment component in AUD are feasible and safe. No adverse events were reported. This systematic review indicates that exercise may have beneficial effects on certain domains of physical functioning including VO2max, basal heart rate, physical activity level and strength. Inconsistent effects with a slight trend towards a positive effect on anxiety, mood management, craving, and drinking behavior have been shown and need to be verified. Results must be interpreted cautiously due to the numerous methodological flaws and the heterogeneity of the interventions and measures. However, according to preclinical studies several mechanisms of action are conceivable, especially as to alcohol-related outcomes and additionally seem to be promising. RCTs with high methodological quality are urgently needed in future research to establish evidence-based exercise recommendations for the treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Giesen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Hubertus Deimel
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Related Prevention and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking regular exercise may help people give up smoking by moderating nicotine withdrawal and cravings, and by helping to manage weight gain. OBJECTIVES To determine whether exercise-based interventions alone, or combined with a smoking cessation programme, are more effective than a smoking cessation intervention alone. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in April 2014, and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus in May 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized trials which compared an exercise programme alone, or an exercise programme as an adjunct to a cessation programme, with a cessation programme (which we considered the control in this review). Studies were required to recruit smokers or recent quitters and have a follow-up of six months or more. Studies that did not meet the full inclusion criteria because they only assessed the acute effects of exercise on smoking behaviour, or because the outcome was smoking reduction, are summarised but not formally included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data on study characteristics and smoking outcomes. Because of differences between studies in the characteristics of the interventions used we summarized the results narratively, making no attempt at meta-analysis. We assessed risk of selection and attrition bias using standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS We identified 20 trials with a total of 5,870 participants. The largest study was an internet trial with 2,318 participants, and eight trials had fewer than 30 people in each treatment arm. Studies varied in the timing and intensity of the smoking cessation and exercise programmes offered. Only one included study was judged to be at low risk of bias across all domains assessed. Four studies showed significantly higher abstinence rates in a physically active group versus a control group at end of treatment. One of these studies also showed a significant benefit for exercise versus control on abstinence at the three-month follow-up and a benefit for exercise of borderline significance (p = 0.05) at the 12-month follow-up. Another study reported significantly higher abstinence rates at six month follow-up for a combined exercise and smoking cessation programme compared with brief smoking cessation advice. One study showed significantly higher abstinence rates for the exercise group versus a control group at the three-month follow-up but not at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up. The other studies showed no significant effect for exercise on abstinence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Only two of the 20 trials offered evidence for exercise aiding smoking cessation in the long term. All the other trials were too small to reliably exclude an effect of intervention, or included an exercise intervention which may not have been sufficiently intense to achieve the desired level of exercise. Trials are needed with larger sample sizes, sufficiently intense interventions in terms of both exercise intensity and intensity of support being provided, equal contact control conditions, and measures of exercise adherence and change in physical activity in both exercise and comparison groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, SW17 0RE
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Bernard P, Ninot G, Moullec G, Guillaume S, Courtet P, Quantin X. Smoking cessation, depression, and exercise: empirical evidence, clinical needs, and mechanisms. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 15:1635-50. [PMID: 23535556 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is significantly more common among persons with major depressive disorders (MDDs). Furthermore, smokers with MDD report more difficulties when they quit smoking (greater withdrawal symptoms, higher probability of relapse). The aim of this narrative review is to describe research on exercise and depression and exercise and smoking cessation. METHODS We have critically reviewed various smoking cessation intervention programs for depressive smokers examining (a) the protective effect of exercise against relapse for smokers with MDD and (b) the benefits of exercise for treating withdrawal symptoms. We have also reviewed the current literature investigating the mechanisms between exercise-depression and exercise-smoking. RESULTS This review suggests that exercise may reduce depressive symptoms following cessation and provide a useful strategy for managing withdrawal symptoms in smokers with MDD. Various psychological, biological, and genetic hypotheses have been tested (e.g., distraction hypothesis, expectations hypothesis, cortisol hypothesis) and few have obtained significant results. CONCLUSIONS It might be beneficial for health professionals to recommend physical activity and promote supervised exercise sessions for smokers with MDD during smoking cessation. Future research needs to examine relationships between exercise, smoking, and depression with transdisciplinary and ecological momentary assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paquito Bernard
- Laboratory Epsylon EA 4556, Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors, University of Montpellier, France
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Hernandez R, Prohaska TR, Wang PC, Sarkisian CA. The longitudinal relationship between depression and walking behavior in older Latinos: The "¡Caminemos!" study. J Aging Health 2012; 25:319-41. [PMID: 23264440 DOI: 10.1177/0898264312468488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the relationship between baseline depression and prospective engagement in walking and exercise behavior after enrollment in an exercise intervention. METHODS The study used baseline, 1-month, 12-month, and 24-month in-person interview and pedometer data collected from Latinos aged >60 years participating in an exercise intervention (¡Caminemos!) at 27 senior centers (n = 572). RESULTS After joining an exercise intervention, and when using continuous pedometer data and scores from the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) as the outcomes of interest, older adults with baseline depression exhibited comparable levels of physical activity across time when compared to their nondepressed counterparts. Significant difference in physical activity levels between the depressed and nondepressed subgroups no longer existed within one month of initiating the exercise intervention. DISCUSSION Among sedentary older Latino adults, having depression may not delay exercise initiation nor does it appear to prevent achievement or maintenance of an exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Hernandez
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abrantes AM, Battle CL, Strong DR, Ing E, Dubreuil ME, Gordon A, Brown RA. EXERCISE PREFERENCES OF PATIENTS IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT. Ment Health Phys Act 2011; 4:79-87. [PMID: 22125581 PMCID: PMC3224086 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While emerging studies have demonstrated the benefit of exercise in early recovery from substance use disorders, recruitment and adherence to exercise interventions have been challenging. Tailoring interventions based on patient exercise preferences may address these concerns. Ninety-seven (N=97; age=41.6 years; 44% female) patients were recruited from an intensive substance abuse outpatient program and filled out questionnaires about their exercise preferences. Most (71%) patients were not currently engaged in an exercise program (i.e., exercising less than 20 minutes/day for 3 days/week over the last 6 months). The vast majority (95%) expressed an interest in engaging in an exercise program specifically designed for persons in substance use recovery and 89% reported wanting to initiate an exercise program within the first 3 months of sobriety. Specific exercise preferences regarding type of physical activity, exercise intervention components, and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise differed between males and females. These findings suggest low rates of regular exercise, high level of interest in engaging in exercise during early recovery, and point toward the need to tailor interventions to the unique preferences of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Abrantes
- Butler Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, RI 02906
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Rabin BA, Burdea GC, Roll DT, Hundal JS, Damiani F, Pollack S. Integrative rehabilitation of elderly stroke survivors: the design and evaluation of the BrightArm™. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2011; 7:323-35. [PMID: 22107353 DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2011.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the development of the BrightArm upper extremity rehabilitation system, and to determine its clinical feasibility with older hemiplegic patients. METHOD The BrightArm adjusted arm gravity loading through table tilting. Patients wore an arm support that sensed grasp strength and communicated wirelessly with a personal computer. Games were written to improve cognitive, psychosocial and the upper extremity motor function and adapted automatically to each patient. The system underwent feasibility trials spanning 6 weeks. Participants were evaluated pre-therapy, post-therapy, and at 6 weeks follow-up using standardized clinical measures. Computerized measures of supported arm reach and game performance were stored on a remote server. RESULTS Five participants had clinically significant improvements in their active range of shoulder movement, shoulder strength, grasp strength, and their ability to focus. Several participants demonstrated substantially higher arm function (measured with the Fugl-Meyer test) and two were less-depressed (measured with the Becks Depression Inventory, Second Edition). The BrightArm technology was well-accepted by the participants, who gave it an overall subjective rating of 4.1 on a 5 point Likert scale. CONCLUSIONS Given these preliminary findings, it will be beneficial to evaluate the BrightArm through controlled clinical trials and to investigate its application to other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Rabin
- Bright Cloud International Corp, Highland Park, NJ 08904-2035, USA
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Ayán Pérez C. [Prescribing exercise in tobacco smoking cessation therapy]. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45:556-60. [PMID: 19410349 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco is one of the main causes of mortality in industrialized countries, yet there is no treatment that is wholly efficacious for helping smokers to quit the habit. Physical exercise is one of the low-cost nonpharmacologic strategies in rehabilitation therapies in several diseases and its practice offers a way of combating the harmful effects of smoking on health. Studies have shown that physical exercise helps reduce the intensity of some of the main symptoms that may arise when a smoker attempts to quit, yet doctors and sport therapists are generally unaware of this benefit and do not know how to prescribe exercise appropriately. This study aims to present the reasons why physical exercise should be considered as a useful nonpharmacologic aid in combatting the symptoms of smoking and smoking cessation, to review the relevant literature, and to outline basic guidelines that might serve to orient the prescription of physical exercise for smokers attempting to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayán Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte, Campus de Pontevedra, Universidad de Vigo, España.
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Patterson F, Jepson C, Kaufmann V, Rukstalis M, Audrain-McGovern J, Kucharski S, Lerman C. Predictors of attendance in a randomized clinical trial of nicotine replacement therapy with behavioral counseling. Drug Alcohol Depend 2003; 72:123-31. [PMID: 14636967 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Participant attendance at smoking cessation-counseling sessions is an important factor in treatment outcome. In this study, we examined the influence of demographic, psychological, and smoking history variables on attendance at a randomized clinical trial comparing transdermal nicotine and nicotine nasal spray that included seven sessions of behavioral group counseling. Of the 353 participants, 70.5% attended all seven sessions. Perfect attendance predicted abstinence from cigarettes at the end of treatment and at 6-month follow-up. In a logistic regression model, higher levels of education and higher body mass index were significant independent predictors of better attendance. There was a significant interaction between type of nicotine replacement (transdermal nicotine vs. nasal spray) and sex: females were less likely than males to have perfect attendance in the nasal spray group, but there was no sex difference in attendance for the transdermal nicotine group. These findings suggest that smokers with lower body mass index and less formal education may benefit from proactive counseling to address individual barriers to attendance at smoking cessation counseling. Additional research in this area would also be valuable to evaluate strategies to promote attendance in these high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Patterson
- University of Pennsylvania, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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