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Khan NU, Chengfeng X, Jiang MQ, Khan ZU, Razzaq A, Ullah A, Ni J, Abdullah, Iqbal H, Jin ZM. Obstructed vein delivery of ceftriaxone via poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)-iodine-chitosan nanofibers for the management of diabetic foot infections and burn wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134166. [PMID: 39084444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Superficial skin injuries especially burn injuries and unhealed diabetic foot open wounds remain troubling for public health. The healing process is often interrupted by the invasion of resistant pathogens that results in the failure of conventional procedures outside the clinical settings. Herein, we designed nanofibers dressing with intrinsic antibacterial potential of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)-iodine/ poly (vinyl)-alcohol by electrospinning with chitosan encapsulating ceftriaxone (CPC/NFs). The optimized electrospun CPC/NFs exhibited smooth surface morphology with average diameter of 165 ± 7.1 nm, drug entrapment and loading efficiencies of 76.97 ± 4.7 % and 8.32 ± 1.73 %, respectively. The results displayed smooth and uniformed fibers with adequate thermal stability and ensured chemical doping. The enhanced in vitro antibacterial efficacy of CPC/NFs against resistant E. coli isolates and biosafety studies encourage the use of designed nanofibers dressing for burn injuries and diabetic foot injuries. In vivo studies proved the healing power of dressing for burn wounds model and diabetic infected wounds model. Immunofluorescence investigation of the wound tissue also suggested promising healing ability of CPC/NFs. The designed approach would be helpful to treat these infected skin open wounds in the hospitals and outside the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ullah Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Xie Chengfeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Meng-Qin Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Asmat Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Jiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Food Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, PR China.
| | - Zhi Min Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
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Hamadouche S, Merouani H, Aidat O, Ouddai N, Ernst B, Alam M, Benguerba Y. Theoretical Design of New Grafted Molecules d-Glucosamine-Oxyresveratrol-Essential Amino Acids: DFT Evaluation of the Structure-Antioxidant Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37128-37140. [PMID: 39246505 PMCID: PMC11375706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of innovative high-performance materials suitable for antioxidant applications, the density functional theory was employed to design a series of compounds derived from small biodegradable organic molecules. This study involved grafting the negatively charged unit d-glucosamine (GleN) and essential amino acids onto the 3 and 4' carbons of the backbone of trans-2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene (trans-OXY), respectively. The aim was to prevent trans-OXY degradation into the cis region and enhance its electronic and antioxidant properties. Theoretical calculations using DFT/PW91/TZP in water revealed that the designed biomolecules (GleN-OXY-AA) outperformed both free OXY units and essential amino acids in terms of antioxidant efficacy, as indicated by the bond dissociation energy (BDE) findings. Notably, GleN-OXY-Ile and GleN-OXY-Trp compounds exhibited an average BDE of 66.355 kcal/mol, translating to 1.82 times the activity of t-OXY and 1.55 times the action of ascorbic acid (Vit C). AIM analysis demonstrated that the proposed biomaterials favored the formation of quasi-rings through intramolecular H···O hydrogen bonds, promoting π-electron delocalization and stabilization of radical, cationic, and anionic forms. Quantum calculations revealed the release of hydrogen atoms or electrons from sites of reduced electronegativity, visually identified by MEP maps and estimated by Hirshfeld atomic charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Hamadouche
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et des Vivants: Activité & Réactivité (LCMVAR), Université Batna1, Batna 5000, Algeria
| | - Hafida Merouani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et des Vivants: Activité & Réactivité (LCMVAR), Université Batna1, Batna 5000, Algeria
- Département de Socle Commun, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ben Boulaid Batna 2, Batna 5000, Algeria
| | - Omaima Aidat
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Nutrition, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria
| | | | - Barbara Ernst
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
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Liu Y, Lin R, Fang H, Li L, Zhang M, Lu L, Gao X, Song J, Wei J, Xiao Q, Zhang F, Wu K, Cui L. Sargassum polysaccharide attenuates osteoarthritis in rats and is associated with the up-regulation of the ITGβ1-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:176-190. [PMID: 39040490 PMCID: PMC11260896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) presents a formidable challenge, characterized by as-yet-unclear mechanical intricacies within cartilage and the dysregulation of bone homeostasis. Our preliminary data revealed the encouraging potential of a Sargassum polysaccharide (SP), in promoting chondrogenesis. The aim of our study is to comprehensively assess the therapeutic effects of SP on OA models and further elucidate its potential mechanism. Methods The protective effects of SP were initially evaluated in an inflammation-induced human chondrocyte (C28) cell model. CCK-8 assays, Alcian blue staining, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to verify the chondrogenesis of SP in vitro. To assess the efficacy of SP in vivo, surgically induced medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) OA rats underwent an 8-week SP treatment. The therapeutic effects of SP in OA rats were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), histopathological analysis, as well as immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. Following these assessments, we delved into the potential signaling pathways of SP in inflammatory chondrocytes utilizing RNA-seq analysis. Validation of these findings was conducted through RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques. Results SP significantly enhance the viability of C28 chondrocytes, and increased the secretion of acidic glycoproteins. Moreover, SP stimulated the expression of chondrogenic genes (Aggrecan, Sox9, Col2a1) and facilitated the synthesis of Collagen II protein in C28 inflammatory chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that SP markedly ameliorated knee joint stenosis, alleviated bone and cartilage injuries, and reduced the histopathological scores in the OA rats. μ-CT analysis confirmed that SP lessened bone impairments in the medial femoral condyle and the subchondral bone of the tibial plateau, significantly improving the microarchitectural parameters of the subchondral bone. Histopathological analyses indicated that SP notably enhanced cartilage quality on the surface of the tibial plateau, leading to increased cartilage thickness and area. Immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence staining corroborated these findings by showing a significant promotion of Collagen II expression in OA joints treated with SP. RNA-seq analysis suggest that SP's effects were mediated through the regulation of the ITGβ1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis, thereby stimulating chondrogenesis. Verification through RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that SP significantly upregulated the expression of ITGβ1, p110δ, AKT1, ACAN, and Col2a1. Notably, knock-down of ITGβ1 using siRNA in C28 chondrocytes inhibited the expression of ITGβ1, p110δ, AKT1, and ACAN. However, these inhibitory effects were not completely reversed by supplemental SP intervention. Conclusions In summary, our findings reveal that SP significantly enhances chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, alleviating OA progression both in bone and cartilage. The observed beneficial effects are intricately linked to the activation of the ITGβ1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis. The translational potential of this article Our research marks the first instance unveiling the advantageous effects and underlying mechanisms of SP in OA treatment. With its clinical prospects, SP presents compelling new evidence for the advancement of a next-generation polysaccharide drug for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Liu
- Corresponding author. Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524045, China.
| | | | | | - Lixian Li
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lujiao Lu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jintong Song
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qixian Xiao
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fucheng Zhang
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kefeng Wu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Topical bilirubin-deferoxamine hastens excisional wound healing by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition in diabetic rats. J Tissue Viability 2022; 31:474-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kour H, Raina R, Verma PK, Khan AM, Bhat MA, Nashiruddullah N. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. rhizome with excision wound model in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114527. [PMID: 34411656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. is a plant growing in the Himalayan region of India where locals use its rhizomes for a variety of disease conditions including wounds and fractures. Although some of its pharmacological benefits have been documented, scientific validation of its wound healing property has not been done so far. AIM OF THE STUDY To ensure use of this natural remedy as an alternative therapy to the faster wound healing, this study evaluated the wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata rhizome using excision wound model in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups (n = 10) of rats were subjected to different topical wound regimens for 14 days. Simple paraffin-lanolin ointment was applied to the control group rats. One group was applied povidone-iodine 10% (w/w) ointment. The other two groups were treated with ointment of ethanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata at 5 or 10% (w/w) rhizome, respectively. Blood and wound tissue samples were collected on 7th and 14th day of treatment and were correspondingly subjected to histopathology, and the assays of L-hydroxyproline, D-glucosamine, antioxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Wound histology revealed increased collagenation, re-epithelialization and neovascularization while decreased bacterial colonies in the treatment groups. These histological changes and wound contraction were better in the 10% Bergenia ciliata group. Tissue L-hydroxyproline levels, blood enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were increased in the treatment groups. On 7th day of treatment glucosamine levels increased in the treatment groups, while as a reverse trend was observed on day 14. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that treatment with Bergenia ciliata extract ointment provides satisfactory wound healing which is comparable to that of the standard wound healing ointment, povidone-iodine and is surpassing simple lanolin-paraffin ointment. The improved wound healing, especially in the 10% Bergenia ciliata groups, can be attributed to satisfactory profile of the above studied parameters in these treatment groups which is also construed by the phytochemical analysis of its extract revealing the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and rutin as the major active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kour
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary Sciences University Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Adil Mehraj Khan
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India; Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Makhmoor Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Nawab Nashiruddullah
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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Issa JPM, Santos Neto OMD, Macedo AP, Gonzaga MG, Pereira YCL, Feldman S. Evaluation of tissue in repair with natural latex and / or hyaluronic acid in surgical bone defects. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:83-95. [PMID: 34787255 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bone repair in surgical defects of rats treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated or not with Hevea brasiliensis fraction protein (F-1). Bone defect were created in 15 albino Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control group (1) - blood clot; HA group (2) - 0.5% hyaluronic acid; HAF1 group (3) - 0.1% F-1 protein fraction dissolved in 0.5% hyaluronic acid. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the bone repair was evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, zymography and immunohistochemistry. The neoformed bone area did not show a significant difference (p = 0.757), but there was a tendency for bone trabeculation to increase in the groups HA and HAF1. For immunohistochemically analysis, there was a difference in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) labeling (p = 0.023), being higher in the groups HA and HAF1 than the control group. No significant difference in bone sialoprotein (BSP) (p = 0.681), osteocalcin (p = 0.954), however, significant difference in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD-31) (p = 0.040), with HAF1 group being significantly lower than the control. For zymographic analysis, there was no significant difference for metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0.068), but there was a tendency to increase MMP-2 in the HA group. Despite the influence on angiogenic factors and the apparent tendency for greater trabeculation in the HA and HAF1 groups, there was no significant difference in the area of newly formed bone tissue in the analyzed period.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- São Paulo University(USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Otavio Marino Dos Santos Neto
- São Paulo University(USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- São Paulo University(USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Miliane Gonçalves Gonzaga
- São Paulo University(USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yamba Carla Lara Pereira
- São Paulo University(USP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Feldman
- National Rosario University, School of Medicine, LABOATEM - Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory, Rosario, Argentina
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Investigation of the antimicrobial activity and hematological pattern of nano-chitosan and its nano-copper composite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9540. [PMID: 33953277 PMCID: PMC8100113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel synthesized Chitosan–Copper oxide nanocomposite (Cs–CuO) was prepared using pomegranate peels extract as green precipitating agents to improve the biological activity of Cs-NP's, which was synthesized through the ionic gelation method. The characterization of biogenic nanoparticles Cs-NP's and Cs–CuO-NP's was investigated structurally, morphologically to determine all the significant characters of those nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity was tested for both Cs-NP's and Cs–CuO-NP's via minimum inhibition concentration and zone analysis against fungus, gram-positive and gram-negative. The antimicrobial test results showed high sensitivity of Cs–CuO-NP's to all microorganisms tested in a concentration less than 20,000 mg/L, while the sensitivity of Cs-NP's against all microorganisms under the test started from a concentration of 20,000–40,000 mg/L except for the C. albicans species. The hematological activity was also tested via measuring the RBCs, platelet count, and clotting time against healthy, diabetic, and hypercholesteremia blood samples. The measurement showed a decrease in RBCs and platelet count by adding Cs-NP’s or Cs–CuO-NP's to the three blood samples. Cs-NP's success in decreasing the clotting time for healthy and diabetic blood acting as a procoagulant agent while adding biogenic CuO-NP’s to Cs-NP’s increased clotting time considering as an anti-coagulant agent for hypercholesteremia blood samples.
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N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine-Loaded Chitosan Filaments Biodegradable and Biocompatible for Use as Absorbable Surgical Suture Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111807. [PMID: 31167371 PMCID: PMC6600723 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare chitosan (CS) filaments incorporated with N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc), using the wet spinning method, in order to combine the GlcNAc pharmacological properties with the CS biological properties for use as absorbable suture materials. The filaments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), uniaxial tensile testing, in vitro biodegradation, and through in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies. It was observed that the addition of GlcNAc did not alter the morphology of the filaments. The CS and CS/GlcNAc filaments presented diameters 145 µm and 148 µm, respectively, and the surfaces were homogeneous. Although the mechanical resistance of the chitosan filaments decreased with the incorporation of the GlcNAc drug, this property was greater than the mean values indicated in the U.S. Pharmacopeia (1.7 N) for suture number 6-0 (filament diameter of 100–149 μm). The biodegradation of the CS filaments was accelerated by the addition of GlcNAc. After 35 days, the CS/GlcNAc filaments degradability was at its total, and for the CS filaments it was acquired in 49 days. The in vitro kinetic of the release process was of the zero-order and Hopfenberg models, controlled by both diffusion and erosion process. The in vitro cytotoxicity data of the CS and CS/GlcNAc filaments toward L929 cells showed that these filaments are nontoxic to these cells. Thus, the GlcNAc-loaded CS filaments might be promising as absorbable suture materials. In addition, this medical device may be able to enhance healing processes, relieve pain, and minimize infection at the surgery site due the prolonged release of GlcNAc.
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Mohandas A, Deepthi S, Biswas R, Jayakumar R. Chitosan based metallic nanocomposite scaffolds as antimicrobial wound dressings. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:267-277. [PMID: 29744466 PMCID: PMC5935789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan based nanocomposite scaffolds have attracted wider applications in medicine, in the area of drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound healing. Chitosan matrix incorporated with nanometallic components has immense potential in the area of wound dressings due to its antimicrobial properties. This review focuses on the different combinations of Chitosan metal nanocomposites such as Chitosan/nAg, Chitosan/nAu, Chitosan/nCu, Chitosan/nZnO and Chitosan/nTiO2 towards enhancement of healing or infection control with special reference to the antimicrobial mechanism of action and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R. Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
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Swilem AE, Lehocký M, Humpolíček P, Kucekova Z, Novák I, Mičušík M, Abd El-Rehim HA, Hegazy ESA, Hamed AA, Kousal J. Description of D-glucosamine immobilization kinetics onto poly(lactic acid) surface via a multistep physicochemical approach for preparation of novel active biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3176-3188. [PMID: 28707422 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has shown much success in the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds as it can be fabricated with a tailored architecture. However, the PLA surface has drawbacks including the lack of biofunctional motifs which are essential for high affinity to biological cells. Therefore, this study describes a multistep physicochemical approach for the immobilization of d-glucosamine (GlcN), a naturally occurring monosaccharide having many biological functions, on the PLA surface aiming at enhancing the cell proliferation activity. In this approach, poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) spacer arms are first introduced into the PLA surface via plasma post-irradiation grafting technique. Then, covalent coupling or physical adsorption of GlcN with/on the PAAc spacer is carried out. Factors affecting the grafting yield are controlled to produce a suitable spacer for bioimmobilization. X-ray photon spectroscopic (XPS) analyses confirm the immobilization of GlcN on the PLA surface. The XPS results reveal also that increasing the yield of grafted PAAc spacer on the PLA surface increases the amount of covalently immobilized GlcN, but actually inhibits the immobilization process using the physical adsorption method. Contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show a substantial increase of surface energy and roughness of PLA surface, respectively, upon the multistep modification procedure. The cytocompatibility of the modified surfaces is assessed using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell line. Observation from the cell culture basically demonstrates the potential of GlcN immobilization in improving the cytocompatibility of the PLA surface. Moreover, the covalent immobilization of GlcN seems to produce more cytocompatible surfaces if compared with the physical adsorption method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3176-3188, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Swilem
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Marian Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kucekova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Novák
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia, 845 41
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia, 845 41
| | - Hassan A Abd El-Rehim
- Department of Polymers, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed A Hegazy
- Department of Polymers, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Jaroslav Kousal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Prague, V Holesovickach 2, Prague 8, 18000, Czech Republic
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Katas H, Bukhari SNA. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterials: A Versatile and Smart Approach to Tissue Regeneration and Treating Traumatic, Surgical, and Chronic Wounds. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1315433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hnin Ei Thu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alhabib SF, Saliba I. Hyaluronic Acid Fat Graft Myringoplasty Versus Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma. J Clin Med Res 2016; 9:30-34. [PMID: 27924172 PMCID: PMC5127212 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2800w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty (HAFGM) is an office-based technique for tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) treatment. It is simple, inexpensive, and performed under local anesthesia at the outpatient office department. We aimed to compare HAFGM technique to a recently described topical use of autologous platelet rich plasma myringoplasty (PRPM) in the repair of TMP. We also aimed to assess the hearing level improvement postoperatively. METHODS We conducted a prospective study in an adult tertiary care center between January 2015 and January 2016. Adult patients presenting with simple TMP were operated randomly using either HAFGM or PRPM under local anesthesia in an office-based setting. Perforations were classified into four grades. Success was considered when complete closure is achieved. Audiometric parameters were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS We included 27 patients, of whom 16 were operated with HAFGM and 11 were operated with PRPM. Complete closure was achieved in 81.2% and 18.1%, respectively. Postoperatively, no worsening of bone conduction threshold was noted. The study was abandoned due to the low success rate in patients with PRPM. The pure tone audiometry was improved postoperatively in patients with closed tympanic membrane. CONCLUSIONS The study was aborted because of the unsatisfactory obtained results using PRPM. It confirms once again the beneficial effect of hyaluronic acid in the healing process when added to fat graft myringoplasty. Furthermore, it requires no hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman F Alhabib
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Issam Saliba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Evaluation of a Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterial to Enhance Wound Healing in the Equine Distal Limb. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tosun HB, Gümüştaş SA, Kom M, Uludağ A, Serbest S, Eröksüz Y. The Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate plus Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate Solution on Peritendinous Adhesion and Tendon Healing: An Experimental Study. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:258-66. [PMID: 27308069 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion formation following tendon injury is a serious clinical problem. AIMS In this experimental study, the effects of the combination of sodium hyaluronate (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) on peritendinous adhesion and tendon healing were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Twenty-one mature Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. The rats' Achilles tendons were cut and repaired with a modified Kessler technique. About 0.25 and 0.50 mL of the HA and CS (HA+CS) combination were injected subcutaneously into the repair site of the rats in groups 1 and 2, respectively, on days 0, 3, 7, and 10. The subjects in group 3 were used as the control group. At 6 weeks, all rats were euthanized. The tenotomy site was examined macroscopically in all animal subjects. Four samples were assigned to the histopathological examination group, and the others were assigned to the biomechanical assessment group. RESULTS Inflammation and adhesion in both treatment groups were observed at a lower rate than in the control group. The collagen filaments in both treatment groups were regular and the number was low when compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and the control group. The quantity, quality, and grade of the adhesions were statistically significantly lower in group 2 when compared with the other groups. The mean maximum stress strength in group 2 was statistically significantly higher than that in group 1 and the control group. CONCLUSION Local administration of the HA+CS combination solution is a valid tool for preventing peritendinous adhesion after extrasynovial tendon repair such as Achilles tendon, and is a treatment option in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacı Bayram Tosun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ali Gümüştaş
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kom
- Department of Surgery, Fırat University School of Veterinary Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Uludağ
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Sancar Serbest
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, İnegöl State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yesari Eröksüz
- Department of Pathology, Fırat University School of Veterinary Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
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Comparison of the effects of sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulphate and corticosteroid in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a prospective randomized trial. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:837-43. [PMID: 26133944 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-015-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid and glycosaminoglycans have shown positive effects in improving lateral epicondylitis and other tendinosis conditions. Therefore, we designed a prospective, randomized study to compare the effects of a combined sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate (HA + CS) injection versus a triamcinolone injection in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. METHODS In total, 57 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed lateral epicondylitis were divided randomly into two groups. In the HA + CS group, 25 patients received a single injection of a solution containing an HA + CS combination and prilocaine HCl, while the 32 patients in the triamcinolone group received a single injection of a solution of triamcinolone and prilocaine HCl. We evaluated the pain and function outcome measures using the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire at the beginning of the study, and 3 and 6 months after the injection. Additionally, the Minimum Clinically Important Difference values and percentage changes in the PRTEE subscale scores between the assessments were calculated. RESULTS No serious adverse events were reported throughout the study. The mean pain and function scores for the HA + CS and triamcinolone groups had significantly improved at 3 months, but the mean function scores in the HA + CS group were statistically significantly better when compared to the triamcinolone group. At 6 months, both groups had significantly improved mean pain and function scores, compared to the baseline scores; however, the mean pain and function scores in the 6-month HA + CS treatment group were better than in the 6-month triamcinolone group. The relative change for the mean total score in the HA + CS group was much better when compared with the triamcinolone group, and the HA + CS treatment group showed clinically significant improvement when compared with triamcinolone group at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the idea that for a single injection treatment of patients with lateral epicondylitis, a combination injection of HA + CS may offer better pain benefits for 6 months after injection, when compared to triamcinolone. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Randomized Clinical Trial, Prospective Comparative Study.
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Bio-conjugated polycaprolactone membranes: a novel wound dressing. Arch Plast Surg 2014; 41:638-46. [PMID: 25396174 PMCID: PMC4228204 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2014.41.6.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid creates an ideal environment for wound healing. Hyaluronic acid maintains a moist wound environment and accelerates the in-growth of granulation tissue. Polycaprolactone has excellent mechanical strength, limits inflammation and is biocompatible. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of bio-conjugated polycaprolactone membranes (BPM) as a wound dressing. METHODS 16 New Zealand white rabbits were sedated and local anaesthesia was administered. Two 3.0×3.0 cm full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, between the lowest rib and the pelvic bone. The wounds were dressed with either BPM (n=12) or Mepitel (n=12) (control), a polyamide-silicon wound dressing. These were evaluated macroscopically on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days for granulation, re-epithelialization, infection, and wound size, and histologically for epidermal and dermal regeneration. RESULTS Both groups showed a comparable extent of granulation and re-epithelialization. No signs of infection were observed. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in wound size between the two groups. BPM (n=6): 8.33 cm(2), 4.90 cm(2), 3.12 cm(2), 1.84 cm(2); Mepitel (n=6): 10.29 cm(2), 5.53 cm(2), 3.63 cm(2), 2.02 cm(2); at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days. The extents of epidermal and dermal regeneration were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS BPM is comparable to Mepitel as a safe and efficacious wound dressing.
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Saliba I, Alzahrani M, Zhu T, Chemtob S. Growth factors expression in hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:E224-30. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issam Saliba
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center; University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Musaed Alzahrani
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center; University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center; University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center; University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
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Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty vs fat patch fat graft myringoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:1873-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Learning the oral and cutaneous signs of micronutrient deficiencies. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2014; 41:127-35; quiz E1-2. [PMID: 24595176 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that is influenced by multiple systemic factors, including nutritional status. While nutritional support is commonly recognized as an important aspect of comprehensive wound management, the focus is typically on replacement of macronutrients, specifically calories and protein. Our experience strongly suggests that micronutrients are equally important, that micronutrient deficiencies are common, and that correction of these deficiencies frequently leads to wound healing when incorporated into a comprehensive wound management program. This article provides guidelines for assessment and management of micronutrient deficiencies.
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Sinha S, Chand S, Tripathi P. Microbial degradation of chitin waste for production of chitosanase and food related bioactive compounds. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biopolysaccharides for Skin Hydrating Cosmetics. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_29-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Wu S, Shujun Wang. Preparation of d-glucosamine by hydrolysis of chitosan with chitosanase and β-d-glucosaminidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:160-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaida K, Yamashita H, Toda K, Hayashi Y. Effects of glucosamine on tooth pulpal nociceptive responses in the rat. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mokbel AN, El Tookhy OS, Shamaa AA, Rashed LA, Sabry D, El Sayed AM. Homing and reparative effect of intra-articular injection of autologus mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic animal model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:259. [PMID: 22085445 PMCID: PMC3232438 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work aimed to study the homing evidence and the reparative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the healing process of induced osteoarthritis in experimental animal model (donkeys). METHODS Twenty-seven donkeys were equally divided into 3 groups based on the observation period after induction of arthritis (3, 6 and 9 weeks) to achieve different degrees of osteoarthritis. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of three animals each based on the follow-up period (1, 2 and 6 months) after treatment. The induction was done through intra-articular (IA) injection of 2 ml of Amphotericin-B in both carpal joints. MSCs were harvested in a separate procedure, labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using monster GFP vector and suspended in hyaluronic acid for IA injection. Treatment approaches consisted of cell-treatment using MSCs suspended in 3 ml of hyaluronic acid (HA) for the right carpal joint; and using the same amount of (HA) but without MSCs for the left contralateral carpal joint to serve as a control. Animals were assessed clinically and radiologically before and after treatment. Synovial fluid was also evaluated. Histopathologically; articular cartilage structural changes, reduction of articular cartilage matrix staining, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone plate thickening were graded. Data was summarized using median and percentile for scores of histopathologic grading. Comparison between groups was done using non-parametric Mann Whitney test. RESULTS The reparative effect of MSCs was significant both clinically and radiologically in all treated groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control groups. Fluorescence microscopy of sections of the cell-treated joints of all animals indicated that the GFP-transduced injected cells have participated effectively in the reparative process of the damaged articular surface and have integrated within the existing articular cartilage. The cells were associated with the surface of the cartilage and, were also detected in the interior. CONCLUSIONS Homing was confirmed by the incorporation of injected GFP-labeled MSCs within the repaired newly formed cartilage. Significant recovery proves that the use of IA injection of autologous MSCs is a viable and a practical option for treating different degrees of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir N Mokbel
- Department of rheumatology and rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine. Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Omar S El Tookhy
- Department of surgery, anesthesiology and radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Shamaa
- Department of surgery, anesthesiology and radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of medical biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine. Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of medical biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine. Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abeer M El Sayed
- Department of pathology, National Cancer Institute. Cairo University, Egypt
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Patil KP, Patil DK, Chaudhari BL, Chincholkar SB. Production of hyaluronic acid from Streptococcus zooepidemicus MTCC 3523 and its wound healing activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:286-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Uppal R, Ramaswamy GN, Arnold C, Goodband R, Wang Y. Hyaluronic acid nanofiber wound dressing-production, characterization, and in vivo behavior. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 97:20-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Fetal wound healing occurs rapidly and without scar formation early in gestation. Studying the mechanisms of scarless repair can lead to novel scar-preventive approaches. In fetal wounds, collagen is deposited early and is fine and reticular with less cross-linking. Several important differences of fetal vs. postgestational wound-healing response have been determined, such as the presence of less inflammation, higher hyaluronic acid concentration and a greater ratio of collagen type III to type I. Compared with typical wounds, there are also altered ratios of signaling molecules, such as higher ratios of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 to TGF-β1 and -β2, and matrix metalloproteinases to tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Furthermore, fetal fibroblasts do not exhibit TGF-β1-induced collagen production compared with their mature counterparts. Patterning genes (homeobox genes) involved in organogenesis are more active in the fetal period and are believed to be the "first domino" in the fetal cutaneous wound repair regulatory cascade. The recommended scar-preventive agents, such as Scarguard MD®, silicone gel and sheet, Seprafilm® Bioresorbable Membrane, topical hyaluronan, onion extract, oral tamoxifen and 585-nm pulsed dye laser are reviewed in this study. Despite the lack of supporting evidence, there is a widespread false presumption that the acceleration of healing with the widely assumed scar-preventive commercial agents is associated with decreased scar formation. Humans are erroneously inclined to make a negative correlation between the healing rate and the degree of scar formation, while such a correlation does not exist in reality. Despite the importance of scar prevention, no FDA-approved therapy for this purpose is available in the 21st century, which reflects the important challenges, such as the presence of redundant pathways, that these approaches are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Namazi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Novel oligosaccharide has suppressive activity against human leukemia cell proliferation. Glycoconj J 2008; 26:189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yan Y, Wanshun L, Baoqin H, Changhong W, Chenwei F, Bing L, Liehuan C. The antioxidative and immunostimulating properties of d-glucosamine. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:29-35. [PMID: 17161814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and immunostimulating property of glucosamine (GlcN) using various in vitro and in vivo tests. Results showed that GlcN possessed excellent antioxidant activities as manifested by strong chelating effect on ferrous ions and protection of macromolecules such as protein, lipid, and deoxyribose from oxidative damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. The immunostimulating effects of GlcN were further evaluated through various immunological tests. GlcN showed excellent activity of enhancing splenocyte proliferation. Neutral red pinocytosis and NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages were significantly augmented. Oral administration of GlcN to mice for 20 days significantly enhanced the serum antibody level in mice in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), increased the relative organ weight of spleen and thymus tissue, and promoted the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against SRBC as compared with control group. In conclusion, the present investigation reveals GlcN is biologically functional in antioxidative activities and immunostimulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Krahulec J, Krahulcová J. Increase in hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain deficient in beta-glucuronidase in laboratory conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:415-22. [PMID: 16292534 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is known to produce a hyaluronic acid capsule to resist the host immune defense. As the structure of the polysaccharide is identical to the one produced by humans, the bacteria S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus is used in biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid. In our laboratory we prepared mutated strains that are beta-glucuronidase deficient. Comparing the wild-type strain, which is positive in beta-glucuronidase activity, with the mutated strains named clone1 and clone2 in laboratory conditions, we observed that beta-glucuronidase influences the production of hyaluronic acid considerably and the molecular weight of hyaluronan slightly. The production of hyaluronic acid by the mutated strains is higher by approximately 20% and the molecular weight is larger by about 2%. The significant increase in the production of hyaluronic acid and the slight increase in the molecular weight are probably caused by an absence of free beta-glucuronic acid, due to its removal from the non-reducing termini of the polysaccharide by beta-glucuronidase. The presence of free beta-glucuronic acid would likely induce the expression of the beta-glucuronic-acid-utilizing operon, which in turn would reflect into a misuse of energy in the glucose-rich media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Krahulec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Paoloni JA, Orchard JW. 1. The use of therapeutic medications for soft‐tissue injuries in sports medicine. Med J Aust 2005. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar MNVR, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb AJ. Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6017-84. [PMID: 15584695 DOI: 10.1021/cr030441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1791] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160 062, India.
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Murphy JM, Fink DJ, Hunziker EB, Barry FP. Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3464-74. [PMID: 14673997 DOI: 10.1002/art.11365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role that implanted mesenchymal stem cells may play in tissue repair or regeneration of the injured joint, by delivery of an autologous preparation of stem cells to caprine knee joints following induction of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Adult stem cells were isolated from caprine bone marrow, expanded in culture, and transduced to express green fluorescent protein. OA was induced unilaterally in the knee joint of donor animals by complete excision of the medial meniscus and resection of the anterior cruciate ligament. After 6 weeks, a single dose of 10 million autologous cells suspended in a dilute solution of sodium hyaluronan was delivered to the injured knee by direct intraarticular injection. Control animals received sodium hyaluronan alone. RESULTS In cell-treated joints, there was evidence of marked regeneration of the medial meniscus, and implanted cells were detected in the newly formed tissue. Degeneration of the articular cartilage, osteophytic remodeling, and subchondral sclerosis were reduced in cell-treated joints compared with joints treated with vehicle alone without cells. There was no evidence of repair of the ligament in any of the joints. CONCLUSION Local delivery of adult mesenchymal stem cells to injured joints stimulates regeneration of meniscal tissue and retards the progressive destruction normally seen in this model of OA.
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Shimamura T, Takamori A, Ukeda H, Sawamura M. Reduction mechanism of tetrazolium salt XTT by a glucosamine derivative. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:295-9. [PMID: 12728989 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
XTT (3'-[1-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(methoxy-6-nitro)benzenesulfonic acid hydrate) was reduced by incubated glucosamine hydrochloride. The XTT reducibility by incubated glucosamine was linearly related with the DNA-breaking activity. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism, the glucosamine derivatives formed during the incubation process were separated by HPLC, and the compound responsible for the reduction was analyzed. Among the incubated products, fructosazine and deoxyfructosazine were identified by LC-MS, FAB-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. These products showed no XTT reducibility, but an unstable intermediate with a molecular weight of 322 displayed reducibility. Since the intermediate gave fructosazine by oxidation with XTT and was a precursor of deoxyfructosazine, we conclude that the intermediate could have been dihydrofructosazine. Therefore, the XTT reducibility by incubated glucosamine was based on dihydrofructosazine formed by the condensation of two molecules of glucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shimamura
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B-200, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Braham R, Dawson B, Goodman C. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37:45-9; discussion 49. [PMID: 12547742 PMCID: PMC1724589 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.37.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral glucosamine supplementation on the functional ability and degree of pain felt by individuals who had regular knee pain, most likely due to previous articular cartilage damage, and possibly osteoarthritis. METHODS Subjects were randomly supplemented with either glucosamine (G) (n=24) or placebo (P) (lactose) (n=22) for 12 weeks at a dose of 2,000 mg per day. Over this period, four testing sessions were conducted, with changes in knee pain and function assessed by clinical and functional tests, (joint line palpation, a 3 metre "duck walk" and a repeated, walking stair climb), two questionnaires (the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Knee Pain Scale (KPS)) and participant subjective evaluations. RESULTS The clinical and functional test scores improved with time (main effects: p<0.05, p<0.01) but there were no significant differences between the two groups. The questionnaire results also recorded a significant main effect for time (p<0.05), but the glucosamine group was found to have significantly better KOOS quality of life scores at week eight and 12 (p<0.05), and lower KPS scores (p<0.05) at week eight than the placebo group. On self report evaluations of changes across the 12 week supplementation period, 88% (n=21) of the glucosamine group reported some degree of improvement in their knee pain versus only 17% (n=3) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that glucosamine supplementation can provide some degree of pain relief and improved function in persons who experience regular knee pain, which may be caused by prior cartilage injury and/or osteoarthritis. The trends in the results also suggest that, at a dosage of 2,000 mg per day, the majority of improvements are present after eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Braham
- Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009.
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Muzzarelli RA, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Pugnaloni A, Biagini G. Biochemistry, histology and clinical uses of chitins and chitosans in wound healing. EXS 2000; 87:251-64. [PMID: 10906965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8757-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability, biocompatibility and capacity to promote the synthesis of hyaluronan are main characteristics of chitin-derived wound healing materials, whose biological significance in the human body depends largely on the actions that certain hydrolases exert on them. The resulting chitooligomers stimulate various cells, while the released monomers are phosphorylated and incorporated into hyaluronan, keratan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, components of the intracellular matrix and connective tissue. The healing process favoured by these materials is examined in terms of macrophage activation, cytokine production by macrophages and fibroblasts, antiinflammatory action, angiogenesis stimulation, granulation and scar formation. Current biomedical applications are illustrated by the treatment of leg ulcers, the use of skin substitutes, and the regeneration of bone, nerve and meniscus tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Muzzarelli
- Center for Innovative Biomaterials, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy
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Hehenberger K, Hansson A, Heilborn JD, Abdel-Halim SM, Ostensson CG, Brismar K. Impaired proliferation and increased L-lactate production of dermal fibroblasts in the GK-rat, a spontaneous model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Wound Repair Regen 1999; 7:65-71. [PMID: 10231507 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1999.00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intact fibroblast function is required for normal wound healing. Although healing is generally accepted to be disturbed in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, the signals modulating this disturbance are not fully understood. Therefore, we studied dermal fibroblasts from the GK rat, a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus model, and the Wistar rat (control) regarding growth characteristics, and L-lactate production at 5.5 mM and 25.5 mM glucose in the absence or presence of protein kinase C-inhibition, or alpha-tocopherol acetate. In addition, growth and L-lactate responses to hyaluronic acid were assessed under normal glucose conditions. At 5.5 mM glucose, the fibroblasts from the GK rat showed a lower proliferation rate during the first 24 hours, measured as DNA content, as compared to Wistar rats, i.e. at 8 hours GK was 57% of control, p < 0.01, at 24 hours GK was 60% of control, p < 0.01. The GK rat fibroblasts accumulated higher L-lactate levels in the media at 24-96 hours. Addition of glucose at a concentration of 25.5 mM decreased the total DNA content in GK rat fibroblast cultures to 74% (p < 0.05) and in control to 87% (p < 0.05), and increased L-lactate levels, measured at 48 hours. A protein kinase C-inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide IX, increased DNA content and decreased L-lactate in both cell types during culture in high glucose, but only affected GK rat fibroblasts during normal glucose. Hyaluronic acid, increased DNA content in both types of fibroblasts, GK: 139% (p < 0.05), control: 127% (p < 0.05) and reduced L-lactate production. The above observations indicate that GK rat fibroblast proliferation is suppressed when the cells are cultured in high glucose containing media. In addition, protein kinase C and hyaluronic acid might play a role as modulators of fibroblast proliferation during the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hehenberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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McCarty MF. Primary open-angle glaucoma may be a hyaluronic acid deficiency disease: potential for glucosamine in prevention and therapy. Med Hypotheses 1998; 51:483-4. [PMID: 10052867 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Russell AL. Glucosamine in osteoarthritis and gastrointestinal disorders: an exemplar of the need for a paradigm shift. Med Hypotheses 1998; 51:347-9. [PMID: 9824843 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine, after a latent period, is rapidly developing a position in the treatment of osteoarthritis, as well as a potential therapeutic place in wound healing and gastrointestinal disorders. Although recognized for a great many years, the association of gastrointestinal disorders and arthritis has been looked on as an unexplained oddity. Could this be indicative of a common etiology in the rate-limiting production of glucosamine? Could diverse presentations and pathology be due to a common-stem biochemical defect?
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Russell
- Brampton Pain Clinic, Bramalea, Ontario, Canada
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McCarty MF. Enhanced synovial production of hyaluronic acid may explain rapid clinical response to high-dose glucosamine in osteoarthritis. Med Hypotheses 1998; 50:507-10. [PMID: 9710325 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal reports of rapid symptomatic response to high-dose glucosamine in osteoarthritis are not credibly explained by the traditional view that glucosamine promotes synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans. An alternative or additional possibility is that glucosamine stimulates synovial production of hyaluronic acid (HA), which is primarily responsible for the lubricating and shock-absorbing properties of synovial fluid. Many clinical and veterinary studies have shown that intra-articular injections of high-molecular-weight HA produce rapid pain relief and improved mobility in osteoarthritis. HA has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and promotes anabolic behavior in chondrocytes. The concentration and molecular weight of synovial fluid HA are decreased in osteoarthritis; by reversing this abnormality, high-dose glucosamine may provide rapid symptomatic benefit, and in the longer term aid the repair of damaged cartilage.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine and critically evaluate currently available literature regarding its safety and efficacy. DATA SOURCE A MEDLINE search was conducted between January 1965 and May 1997. Key words used in the search were osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, gonarthrosis, and glucosamine. In addition, references cited in articles obtained from the MEDLINE search were reviewed for additional literature. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles were considered for inclusion in the review. Articles were excluded from critical evaluation for lack of randomization, lack of a control group, 30 or fewer study participants, inconsistent treatment regimen, incomplete dosing information, or incomplete reporting of results. DATA SYNTHESIS Osteoarthritis affects approximately 12% of the US population; the incidence increases with increasing age. Currently used pharmacologic treatments, including acetaminophen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, do not slow or reverse the degenerative process in osteoarthritis. Glucosamine has recently received a great deal of attention from the public as a potential treatment of osteoarthritis, prompting healthcare professionals to investigate its clinical usefulness and potential for adverse effects. The drug has been proposed to stop and possibly reverse the degenerative process in osteoarthritis. Following absorption of an oral dose, glucosamine is incorporated into plasma proteins during first-pass metabolism, resulting in 26% bioavailability. Unbound glucosamine is concentrated in the articular cartilage. Each of the three critically evaluated studies reported a decrease in the symptoms of osteoarthritis (e.g., decreased Lequesne index, decreased pain severity, increased range of motion) for the glucosamine group, which was greater than that obtained in the control group. Flaws in study design, however, prevent the use of these results in modifying current clinical practice. Reported short-term adverse effects include mild gastrointestinal problems, drowsiness, skin reactions, and headache. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in the symptoms of osteoarthritis associated with the use of glucosamine has been observed in clinical trials; however, those trials have flaws in design and data analysis. Further research needs to be conducted before glucosamine can be recommended as a treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Barclay
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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Martin A, Rambal C, Berger V, Perier S, Louisot P. Availability of specific sugars for glycoconjugate biosynthesis: a need for further investigations in man. Biochimie 1998; 80:75-86. [PMID: 9587665 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(98)80059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the metabolism of specific sugars used for protein glycosylation, focusing on the fate of exogenously provided sugars. Theoretically, all glycoprotein sugars can derive from glucose, but previous studies show that other exogenous sugars can be incorporated into glycoproteins. From data obtained in congenital galactosemia, exogenous galactose may be important for correct glycosylation. Contrary to galactose, the metabolism of other sugars seems to depend on insulin regulation: stimulation of their endogenous production in diabetic subjects might participate in some diabetic complications, precluding the need for an exogenous supply. The metabolic fate of these sugars is different according to the administration route and exogenous supply may be important either in enteral nutrition or in some clinical situations as has been suggested for sialic acid in the newborn. Data in man are too sparse to reach firm conclusions, implying a need for further investigations. Our preliminary results in animals and man demonstrate that stable isotope methodology allows one to trace glycoprotein sugar metabolism in nutritionally relevant conditions with accuracy and sensitivity, using doses of specific sugars well below toxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martin
- INSERM-CNRS U189, Lyon-Sub Medical School, Oullins, France
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McCarty MF. Glucosamine may retard atherogenesis by promoting endothelial production of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Med Hypotheses 1997; 48:245-51. [PMID: 9140889 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans produced by vascular endothelium may function physiologically to restrain the migration, multiplication, and phenotypic transition of vascular smooth-muscle cells, and to maintain an anticoagulant luminal surface by bonding and activating antithrombin III. Thus, ample production of heparan sulfate proteoglycans may act to prevent atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. The ability of exogenous heparin to stimulate synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by vascular endothelium may be largely responsible for the positive outcomes of most controlled evaluations of low-dose heparin as a long-term therapy for coronary disease. Glucosamine, a biosynthetic precursor of mucopolysaccharides, can substantially enhance mucopolysaccharide production when added to cultured fibroblasts or chondrocytes; the clinical utility of oral glucosamine in osteoarthritis may reflect increased synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans. It is reasonable to speculate that exogenous glucosamine will likewise enhance heparan sulfate proteoglycans production by vascular endothelial cells, and, when administered orally in regimens comparable to those effective in osteoarthritis, will thereby act to retard atherogenesis.
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