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Di Bella S, Branciari R, Haouet NM, Framboas M, Mercuri ML, Codini M, Roila R, Malimpensa A, Ranucci D. Does hunted wild boar meat meet modern consumer nutritional expectations? Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11608. [PMID: 38623279 PMCID: PMC11017959 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of hunted wild boar (WB) meat and compare them with those of meat from analogous domestic animals (pigs) reared in two different rearing systems: indoor-intensive (PI) and outdoor-extensive (PO). WB meat showed a lower amount of lipid content compared to pork and a higher antioxidant activity compared to PI and PO. The comparison of the fatty acid composition of WB and domestic pig reveals significant differences in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with WB having the highest PUFA level and the lowest SFA level. The omega 6/omega 3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, PUFA/SFA, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (AI and TI), as well as the hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic index (h/H), were calculated. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was higher in pork independently of the rearing system. The PUFA/SFA ratio of WB meat was above the minimum ratio of 0.40 recommended to contribute to a reduction in the risk of coronary diseases in pork from both rearing systems. AI and TI were lower in WB meat compared to commercially reared pigs, while h/H was higher in WB in comparison with pork meat. WB meat shows good nutritional quality; therefore, the use of game meat as a food source could be appropriate and could benefit contemporary consumers looking for "green" and high-nutritional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Di Bella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | | | - Naceur M. Haouet
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | - Marisa Framboas
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | | | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | | | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
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Czurgiel S, Antoszkiewicz Z, Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Bogdaszewski M. The Effect of Festulolium Silage-Based Diets on the Content of Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Retinol in Meat from Young Rams. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1817. [PMID: 37889746 PMCID: PMC10251811 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical composition and the β-carotene, tocopherol and retinol content of meat (musculus longissimus lumborum, musculus gluteus maximus) from young rams fed different silage-based diets. The animals were divided into four groups depending on the type of silage in the feed ration (hybrid ryegrass, Festulolium cv. Becva, Festulolium cv. Felopa, Festulolium cv. Paulita). The concentrations of the examined lipophilic compounds were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Animals fed a diet based on ryegrass silage had the highest intakes of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and total tocopherols (p < 0.01). Muscles of rams fed Festulolium silage-based diets contained more tocopherols (p < 0.01) and retinol (p < 0.01 in m. g. maximus; p = 0.053 in m. l. lumborum) than the meat of animals receiving hybrid ryegrass-based diets. The highest amounts of tocopherols (p < 0.01) and retinol (p < 0.01 in m. g. maximus; p = 0.053 in m. l. lumborum) were found in meat from rams fed rations based on silage made from Festulolium cvs. Felopa and Paulita. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between the intake of tocopherols and the α-tocopherol content of meat (r = 0.99), as well as between the β-carotene intake and the retinol content of meat (r = 0.92 in m. l. lumborum; r = 0.91 in m. g. maximus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Czurgiel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Bogdaszewski
- Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Station in Kosewo Górne, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland
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The BCO2 Genotype and the Expression of BCO1, BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA Genes in the Adipose Tissue and Brain of Rabbits Fed a Diet with Marigold Flower Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032304. [PMID: 36768627 PMCID: PMC9916731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the BCO2 genotype and dietary supplementation with marigold flower extract on the expression of BCO1, BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA genes in the adipose tissue and brain of rabbits. The concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol were determined in samples collected from rabbits. Sixty young male Termond White rabbits were allocated to three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene (ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del). Each group comprised two subgroups; one subgroup was administered a standard diet, whereas the diet offered to the other subgroup was supplemented with 6 g/kg of marigold flower extract. The study demonstrated that the BCO2 genotype may influence the expression levels of the BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA genes in adipose tissue, and TTPA and BCO1 genes in the brain. Moreover, an increase in the amount of lutein in the diet of BCO2 del/del rabbits may increase the expression of BCO1, LRAT, and TTPA genes in adipose tissue, and the expression of the BCO2 gene in the brain. Another finding of the study is that the content of carotenoids and α-tocopherol increases in both the adipose tissue and brain of BCO2 del/del rabbits.
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The Effect of the Inclusion of Different Concentrates in Feed Rations on the Contents of Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Retinol in the Livers and Longissimus dorsi Muscles of Farm-Raised Fallow Deer ( Dama dama L.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233311. [PMID: 36496832 PMCID: PMC9737357 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical composition and contents of β-carotene, tocopherols and retinol in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles and livers of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) fed diets based on hay containing different concentrates (hay and oats—HO; hay, oats and protein concentrate—HOP; hay and pellets—HP). The provitamin and lipophilic vitamin contents in the samples of feed and animal tissues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of retinol were nearly two-fold higher (p < 0.002) in the livers and many-fold higher in the LD muscles of fallow deer fed the HOP and HP diets. β-carotene was not identified in the livers or LD muscles of fallow deer. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and total tocopherols were higher in the livers and LD muscles of the animals that received the HO and HP diets, but the noted differences were not significant. The inclusion of various concentrates in the feed rations had no influence on the proximate chemical compositions of the livers or LD muscles of fallow deer.
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Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Antoszkiewicz Z, Fopp-Bayat D, Kaczorek-Łukowska E, Snarska A, Zwierzchowski G, Król-Grzymała A, Matusevičius P. The Effect of the BCO2 Genotype on the Expression of Genes Related to Carotenoid, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol Metabolism in Rabbits Fed a Diet with Aztec Marigold Flower Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810552. [PMID: 36142463 PMCID: PMC9506012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the BCO2 genotype and the addition of Aztec marigold flower extract to rabbit diets on the expression of BCO1, BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA genes in the liver. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and blood serum of rabbits, as well as plasma biochemical parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme activities were also determined. Sixty male Termond White growing rabbits were divided into three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene (ins/ins, ins/del and del/del); each group was divided into two subgroups: one subgroup received a standard diet, and the other subgroup was fed a diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of marigold flower extract. The obtained results indicate that the BCO2 genotype may affect the expression levels of BCO1 and BCO2 genes in rabbits. Moreover, the addition of marigold extract to the diet of BCO2 del/del rabbits may increase the expression level of the BCO2 gene. Finally, an increase in the amount of lutein in the diet of rabbits with the BCO2 del/del genotype contributes to its increased accumulation in the liver and blood of animals without compromising their health status or liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Strychalski
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-895-234-442
| | - Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Fopp-Bayat
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Snarska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulius Matusevičius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry Technology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Daszkiewicz T, Gugołek A. A Comparison of the Quality of Meat from Female and Male Californian and Flemish Giant Gray Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122216. [PMID: 33256029 PMCID: PMC7761139 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the quality of meat (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum-LTL, hind legs-HL) from female and male Californian (CAL) and Flemish Giant Gray (FG) rabbits. The animals were kept outdoor, in a roofed pavilion, in wire mesh cages with a slatted floor and were fed ad libitum a complete pelleted diet. All rabbits were slaughtered at 91 days of age. The meat of CAL rabbits had a higher content of dry matter (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.001) and unsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.002), higher pH (p < 0.001), and higher taste desirability (p = 0.021) and tenderness (p = 0.046). CAL rabbit meat had also a lower (p < 0.001) water to protein (W/P) ratio, lower (p < 0.001) shear force values, and lower (p = 0.042) taste intensity. The meat of FG rabbits was characterized by lower (p < 0.001) water-holding capacity (WHC). The LTL muscle had a higher content of dry matter (p = 0.003) and protein (p < 0.001), higher L* (lightness) (p = 0.011), b* (yellowness) (p < 0.001), and C* (chroma) (p = 0.010) values, and lower (p = 0.015) WHC. Hind leg muscles had higher (p < 0.001) fat content, a higher (p < 0.001) W/P ratio, and pH (p < 0.001). Sex had no effect (p > 0.05) on the analyzed meat quality attributes, excluding vitamin A content which was higher (p = 0.041) in females. In conclusion, the meat of CAL rabbits slaughtered at 91 days of age can be more mature than the meat of FG rabbits slaughtered at the same age. Furthermore, quality of meat from rabbits of both breeds depends on the anatomical origin of muscles. Further research is needed to identify the possible reasons for the higher vitamin A content of meat from female rabbits which did not differ from the meat of males in terms of other characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Daszkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-3833
| | - Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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7
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Effects of dietary roughage on organic pig performance, behaviour and antioxidants accretion in perirenal adipose tissue. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Brym P, Antoszkiewicz Z. Effect of the β-carotene oxygenase 2 genotype on the content of carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does, reproduction parameters and kitten growth. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1585-1593. [PMID: 31141232 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene can impair the function of the enzyme that breaks down carotenoids. As a result, gradual accumulation of unoxidized carotenoids in animal tissues gives them a yellow colour. The aim of the study was to determine the content of carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does with three different genotypes determined by AAT-deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene and to find out whether differences in the concentrations of the above compounds in the tissues and milk of the does affect reproduction parameters and the rearing rate of kittens. The experimental materials comprised 36 does, 12 of each genotype of the BCO2 gene, with their litters. Females with their litters were placed in individual cages, on deep litter. Between days 7 and 13 of lactation, samples of milk were collected from the does. The kittens stayed with their mothers until 35 days of age. After weaning, the does were sacrificed. Tissue samples of liver and perirenal fat were collected for chemical analyses. Additionally, based on samples taken from one female, RNA expression levels were determined from the mammary gland and liver, adipose tissue and skin. It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta-carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes. However, the differences in the content of the above compounds in milk had no influence on litter weight or the number and rearing rate of kittens. Additionally, RNA expression of the BCO2 gene was found in the mammary tissue of lactating doe and its level was similar to those noted in the liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Strychalski
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Brym
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Skiepko N, Chwastowska-Siwiecka I, Kondratowicz J, Mikulski D. The Effect of Lycopene Addition on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Attributes and Physicochemical Properties of Steamed and Grilled Turkey Breast. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Skiepko
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Poland
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Skiepko N, Chwastowska-Siwiecka I, Kondratowicz J, Mikulski D. Fatty acid profile, total cholesterol, vitamin content, and TBARS value of turkey breast muscle cured with the addition of lycopene. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1182-90. [PMID: 26908896 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lycopene addition for curing turkey meat on the profile of fatty acids, total cholesterol, vitamin content, and the TBARS of the final products. The analyzed material comprised 64 breast muscles, of which 16 (RBM) were immediately transported to a laboratory. Another 16 (UBM) were heat treated in a convection steam oven, and 32 muscles were cured for 3 days in two types of curing mixture: without (CBM) and with (CBM+Lyc) tomato peel extract standardized for 5% lycopene content. After completed curing, samples were steamed and grilled under the same conditions as raw samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated the highest (P≤0.01) mean content of vitamin A (0.07 μg/g) in chilled muscles. The content of vitamin E was lower (P≤0.01) in UBM samples than in CBM+Lyc and RBM. The TBARS value was the lowest (P≤0.01) in RBM muscles (0.35 mg MDA/kg of meat). Although there were no differences between products, but lower TBARS were found in CBM+Lyc samples. The content of cholesterol was higher (P≤0.01) in CBM+Lyc products than in the RBM and UBM. RBM samples contained (P≤0.01) the lowest amount of saturated, monounsaturated, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, and the highest of unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and hypocholesterolemic fatty acids. CBM+Lyc samples contained (P≤0.01) less hypercholesterolemic and more hypocholesterolemic fatty acids than CBM group. Higher (P≤0.01) unsaturated/saturated and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratios were also found in CBM+Lyc products. The study demonstrated that the used processing technology caused reduction (P≤0.01) of n-3 and n-6 PUFA content. Findings suggest that the addition of lycopene in the process of meat curing and heat treatment in meat industry do not change the content of vitamins and cholesterol or alter the TBARS value in turkey meat products. Nevertheless, lycopene can be used to increase the content of essential hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and decrease the content of saturated hypercholesterolemic fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Skiepko
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - I Chwastowska-Siwiecka
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Kondratowicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - D Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Antoszkiewicz Z, Kowalska D, Konstantynowicz M. Biologically active compounds in selected tissues of white-fat and yellow-fat rabbits and their production performance parameters. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Tor M, Cubiló D, Ripoll G, Babot D, Villalba D. Comparison of objective measures of pork colour traits during ageing of the longissimus muscle from pigs housed organically and conventionally. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pigs raised conventionally (n = 56) and indoors organically (n = 47) from different three-way crossbred genotypes were used to assess the capacity of pork colour attributes during ageing to discriminate between two methods of rearing pigs. Instrumental colour characteristics were measured on L. thoracis muscle from day 1 to 7 of storage, and the relative contents of metmyoglobin (MMb) and oxymyoglobin (MbO2) were estimated. The yellowness and chroma indices were lower in conventional than organic pork at all sampling times except on day 3 of storage. Lightness and hue angle were lower, whereas redness index was greater, in conventional than organic pork during all days of storage. Using MMb rather than MbO2 could be useful to highlight myoglobin oxidation in pork meat because it was weakly correlated with the measured CIELab colour attributes. Despite the differences in instrumental colour attributes, discrimination between conventional and organic (not free-ranging) pig husbandry was not possible. However, 3 days of storage combined the best colour (low hue angle and high redness index) and haeminic pigment balance (low MMb and high MbO2).
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Šuran J, Prišć M, Rašić D, Srebočan E, Crnić AP. Malondialdehyde and heavy metal concentrations in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from central Croatia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:147-152. [PMID: 23305283 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.727672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the degree of heavy metal (cadmium, lead and mercury) contamination of wild boars from central Croatia and thereby conduct further tests to connect the contamination to oxidative stress occurrence. The highest cadmium concentration was noticed in the kidneys of older boars, the lead concentration was approximately the same in the liver and kidneys, but it was much higher than the concentration in the muscles, while the highest mercury concentration was measured in the kidneys of all wild boars. The correlation between the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the heavy metal concentrations was higher in tissue samples taken from younger animals (1 to 3 years of age) than in the tissue samples taken from older animals (5 to 6 years of age). In the kidneys of all wild boars there was a statistically significant connection between the MDA and cadmium concentration; in the kidneys of younger wild boars there was a statistically significant connection between the MDA and lead concentration. Further research on this topic should focus on MDA potential to find its use, not only as a contamination biomarker in the area of ecotoxicology, but also in the evaluation of the hygienic acceptability of animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Šuran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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14
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Li X, Lindahl G, Zamaratskaia G, Lundström K. Influence of vacuum skin packaging on color stability of beef longissimus lumborum compared with vacuum and high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging. Meat Sci 2012; 92:604-9. [PMID: 22748308 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how color stability of beef is affected by vacuum skin packaging (VSP) compared with vacuum packaging (VP) and high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 80% O₂ and 20% CO₂). Longissimus lumborum muscles were aged in vacuum for 7 days and then cut into 2-cm-thick slices and repacked using VSP, VP and MAP for another 7 days. Color stability was measured during the next 5 days in air and samples for α-tocopherol and NADH analyses were obtained at the beginning and end of aerobic storage. Color stability, α-tocopherol and NADH of steaks were affected by packaging methods and storage time in air (P<0.05). Higher a* value was obtained in VSP on day 5 compared with VP. Steaks packed in VSP had better color stability than in VP and their color was similar to MAP at the end (day 5) of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Food Science, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li Y, Liu S. Reducing lipid peroxidation for improving colour stability of beef and lamb: on-farm considerations. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:719-726. [PMID: 22102139 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Meat colour and lipid stability are important sensory properties. Myoglobin oxidation is correlated with lipid oxidation, and one can exacerbate the occurrence of the other. Approaches to reduce both oxidative processes could focus on minimising oxidising agents in meat. In on-farm practices, dietary supplementation of antioxidants is a useful approach for improving lipid stability and then meat colour stability, and further improvement could be a combination of using hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidants. Genetic variations in the endogenous antioxidant systems could be identified for the development of a breeding strategy to bring a long-term benefit to the meat industry. To have a better understanding of oxidative stress and oxidation of long chain unsaturated fatty acids in live animals, the isoprostanes could be measured as an effective marker in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
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16
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Sinanoglou VJ, Mantis F, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S, Symeon GK, Bizelis IA. Effects of caponisation on lipid and fatty acid composition of intramuscular and abdominal fat of medium-growth broilers. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:310-7. [PMID: 21732876 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.581269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Capons and intact male broilers were used to investigate the effects of caponisation on intramuscular fat and abdominal adipose tissue lipid content and fatty acid profile. 2. Capons had significantly higher total lipid content (P<0·05). 3. Neutral lipids were the major fractions in intramuscular and abdominal fat but their proportions differed significantly among groups and tissues (P<0·05). 4. The predominant saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in all samples were C16:0, C16:1 ω-9, C18:0, C18:1 ω-9, C18:1 ω-7, C18:2 ω-6 and C20:4 ω-6. 5. Caponisation resulted in a significant ω-6/ω-3, PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio reduction as well as a significant increase in atherogenic and thrombogenic indices increase in intramuscular fat (P<0·05) without affecting their appropriate value for a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Sinanoglou
- Food Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Greece
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17
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SAMPELS S, PICKOVA J, HÖGBERG A, NEIL M. Fatty Acid Transfer From Sow to Piglet Differs for Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA). Physiol Res 2011; 60:113-24. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the development of the nervous system in animals. It is known that pigs are good models for human in many aspects. The aim of the study was to investigate how fat content and FA composition in sows’ diet influence FA composition in brain of newborn and in liver and brain of one-day-old piglets, respectively. High fat (6 %) feeds were designed with regard to saturated or polyunsaturated fat content and n-6/n-3 ratio by adding either oats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or linseed oil rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA). The ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA was 11 in all three diets (the low fat (3 %), high fat saturated and high fat oats diet), while the ratio in the linseed oil diet was 2. Increased proportion of ALA in the diet increased ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in piglets’ neutral and polar liver lipids and the long chain PUFA, EPA, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in piglet brain. The results suggest that transport of n-3 PUFA from sow to piglet was higher via milk than via bloodstream in the uterus and that increased content of ALA in sows’ feed led to an increased accumulation of n-3 FA in piglets’ liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. SAMPELS
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Influence of vacuum or high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on quality of beef M. longissimus dorsi steaks after different ageing times. Meat Sci 2011; 87:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Influence of vitamins A, D3 and E status on post-mortem meat quality in steers under winter housing or pasture finishing systems. Animal 2011; 5:1141-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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20
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Lipids deposition, composition and oxidative stability of subcutaneous adipose tissue and Longissimus dorsi muscle in Guizhou mini-pig at different developmental stages. Meat Sci 2010; 84:684-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Gunnarsson S, Pickova J, Högberg A, Neil M, Wichman A, Wigren I, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Rydhmer L. Influence of sow dietary fatty acid composition on the behaviour of the piglets. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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High dietary vitamin A interferes with tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in fattening pigs: a study that examines administration and withdrawal times. Animal 2009; 3:1264-70. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173110900487x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Salvatori G, Filetti F, Di Cesare C, Maiorano G, Pilla F, Oriani G. Lipid composition of meat and backfat from Casertana purebred and crossbred pigs reared outdoors. Meat Sci 2008; 80:623-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Turner T, Hessle A, Lundström K, Pickova J. Influence of hempseed cake and soybean meal on lipid fractions in bovineM.longissimus dorsi. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700802492354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Fatty acids and tocopherol levels in M. Longissimus dorsi of beef cattle in Sweden – A comparison between seasonal diets. Meat Sci 2007; 76:746-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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27
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Daza A, Rey A, Ruiz J, Lopez-Bote C. Effects of feeding in free-range conditions or in confinement with different dietary MUFA/PUFA ratios and α-tocopheryl acetate, on antioxidants accumulation and oxidative stability in Iberian pigs. Meat Sci 2005; 69:151-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Högberg A, Pickova J, Stern S, Lundström K, Bylund AC. Fatty acid composition and tocopherol concentrations in muscle of entire male, castrated male and female pigs, reared in an indoor or outdoor housing system. Meat Sci 2004; 68:659-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2003] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Fatty acids, antioxidants and oxidation stability of processed reindeer meat. Meat Sci 2004; 67:523-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Olsson V, Andersson K, Hansson I, Lundström K. Differences in meat quality between organically and conventionally produced pigs. Meat Sci 2003; 64:287-97. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2002] [Revised: 07/18/2002] [Accepted: 07/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Högberg A, Pickova J, Andersson K, Lundström K. Fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of muscle in pigs fed organic and conventional feed with different n6/n3 ratios, respectively. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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